CN114934948A - Bionic communication variable-fabric net on surface of main bearing raceway of shield and lubricating method - Google Patents
Bionic communication variable-fabric net on surface of main bearing raceway of shield and lubricating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114934948A CN114934948A CN202210675011.4A CN202210675011A CN114934948A CN 114934948 A CN114934948 A CN 114934948A CN 202210675011 A CN202210675011 A CN 202210675011A CN 114934948 A CN114934948 A CN 114934948A
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 40
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
- F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/355—Texturing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
- F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
- F16C33/6659—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bionic communication variable fabric net on the surface of a raceway of a shield main bearing and a lubricating method, relating to the technical field of lubrication of the shield main bearing.A scalelike bionic communication variable fabric net is processed on the surface of the raceway in the contact area of a roller and the raceway; in different areas where the rollers are contacted with the roller paths, the density, the size and the depth of the fish-scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net are different. The texture imitation fish scale shape in the invention carries out texture processing on the surface of the roller path, micro textures with different structure sizes, different density degrees and different depth gradients are formed on the surface of the roller path, different requirements of rolling and sliding on a lubricating state due to different linear velocities at two ends of a roller are solved, and meanwhile, micro textures with different directions and different gradient change depths are processed on the surface of the roller path, so that hydrodynamic lubrication is formed on the surface of the roller path and the surface of the roller path in different directions, and bidirectional hydrodynamic lubrication along the movement direction of the roller and the axial direction of the roller and bidirectional hydrodynamic lubrication of forward rotation and reverse rotation of a shield main bearing are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lubrication of a shield main bearing, in particular to a bionic communication variable-fabric net on the surface of a raceway of a shield main bearing and a lubrication method.
Background
The main bearing of the shield machine is one of the core components of the shield machine, and plays a role in connecting the shield body and the cutter head and enabling the cutter head to rotate to break the rock. The shield machine has complex construction working conditions, the working composite stratum has two or more than two stratums with greatly different characteristics such as engineering geology, hydrogeology, geotechnical mechanics and the like, the combination form is very complex, and the excavation difficulty is very high. The structure size of the main bearing of the shield is huge, and the main bearing bears large impact, unbalance loading, heavy load, variable load and the like, the inside thousands of friction pairs are difficult to lubricate, fatigue damage is easy to occur, and the problems of friction, abrasion and lubrication of the raceway surface of the main bearing of the shield under the heavy load condition are always concerned widely in the industry. The common friction reducing mode of the surface of the roller path of the shield main bearing is to increase a lubricating medium, but the increased lubricating medium often faces the problem of leakage of the lubricating medium, the contact stress between the roller and the roller path is very large, the lubricating agent is extruded out, the roller and the roller path are often difficult to lubricate, the severe lubrication of relevant parts can be finally caused due to the severe lubrication condition, metal debris and external impurities can be generated in the running process of the shield main bearing to enter the interior of the shield main bearing, the lubricating agent is polluted, and meanwhile, the heavy load between the roller and the roller path causes severe abrasion or scratch due to the metal debris and the impurities. Therefore, an efficient and safe lubricating method for the main bearing of the shield is needed.
Raceway abrasion failure is a common fault type of a shield main bearing and is characterized in that scratches are caused by friction, pits and pits are caused by crushing, false brinell indentations, material falling and the like. Raceway surface wear constantly enlarges and will lead to the base bearing play grow, and bearing capacity and precision are lower and lower more, and overall structure vibration aggravation, operating temperature risees, and lubricated effect worsens, and friction torque and noise increase make the base bearing normally work. In the initial use stage of the shield main bearing, the rolling body and the raceway are in a running-in stage, impurities in lubricating grease are gradually increased, and the lubricating grease is seriously abraded; in the use process, when the sealing is poor, the lubricating grease is mixed with foreign matters and is deteriorated, and the lubricating grease is difficult to distribute between the rolling body and the roller path to cause poor lubrication, so that the abrasion of the roller path is aggravated. The surface microtexture technology is a technology for processing and generating micro pits or micro grooves with certain geometrical shapes on the working surface of a friction pair and regularly distributing the micro pits or the micro grooves. The texture on the contact surface of the friction pair is not only beneficial to storing the lubricant, but also beneficial to storing metal impurities and scraps in the microtexture, thereby effectively improving the surface friction performance of the friction pair, reducing the surface scratch of the raceway and improving the wear resistance.
The existing lubricating method of the shield main bearing mainly utilizes a grease injection pump to pressurize and inject a lubricant into the shield main bearing through a valve bank. Because the main bearing of the shield comprises the roller path and the oil cavity with different lubricating requirements, the optimal lubricating states of the roller path and the oil cavity are difficult to ensure simultaneously by adopting a single lubricating mode. But the lubricating agent and the abrasive dust are stored by utilizing the microtexture on the surface of the roller path, so that the lubricating requirements of different areas of different roller paths can be effectively met, the abrasion between the roller path and the roller path caused by metal debris and abrasive dust is reduced, the metal debris and the abrasive dust can be discharged, and the roller path structure has the advantages of high efficiency, high safety, no pollution and the like.
At present, in a 'laser micro-texture surface solid lubrication treatment method for a friction pair' with patent publication No. CN105782243A, a micro-pit morphology is processed on the surface of the friction pair by adopting a laser surface texturing technology, and then a self-lubricating composite material is filled in the micro-pits on the surface of a pretreated mold by adopting a mold hot-pressing curing filling method; the high-temperature self-lubricating oil can improve the high-temperature sliding friction performance of a self-lubricating surface of the micro texture, has a good lubricating effect under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and the like, and can be applied under some complex and harsh working conditions. However, the preparation process is complex, the cost is high, and when the bearing load between the roller and the raceway of the shield main bearing is heavy, particularly, the stress of the contact area between the two ends of the roller and the raceway is extremely large, exceeds the bearing capacity of the self-lubricating composite material, damages the self-lubricating composite material, and is not suitable for the heavy-load occasion of the shield main bearing. The method seals silicon oil lubricating liquid with a lubricating effect into an organic silicon polyurethane substrate, combines the adsorption of an aerogel porous structure and the surface migration behavior of silicon oil, achieves the slow release effect of the silicon oil lubricating oil on the surface of the substrate, and plays a self-lubricating effect. The method is simple in preparation method and strong in implementation, but the method is not suitable for occasions with harsh working conditions and large loads, and particularly equipment with a large structure size (5-10 m) of the shield main bearing, high lubricating requirements and severe working conditions is used under heavy-load working conditions. In a patent publication No. CN212297292U, a bearing bush and a water lubricated bearing with a functionally graded bionic texture surface discloses that a bionic texture capable of realizing functional grading is arranged on the surface of a shaft, and the bionic texture comprises a radial ridge hydrophilic surface texture imitating the lip of pitcher plant and a crescent hydrophobic surface texture in a waxy region. The scheme can realize the antifriction between two sliding surfaces on the bearing bush and the shaft and improve the lubrication state of the middle area of the bearing bush of the inner ring, but the scheme is difficult to prepare and difficult to process the texture.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems of difficult lubrication and poor lubrication continuity caused by heavy load bearing between the roller and the raceway of the current shield main bearing, uneven friction of different areas on the surface of the raceway caused by rolling and rolling-sliding caused by different linear velocities of two ends of the roller in the running process of the roller along the raceway, abrasion caused by metal debris between the roller and the raceway and the like. The invention provides a bionic communicated variable texture and net lubrication method for the surface of a raceway of a shield main bearing, wherein the texture in the bionic communicated variable texture and net lubrication method is characterized in that the texture in a fish scale-like shape is textured on the surface of the raceway, microtextures with different structure sizes, different density degrees and different depth gradients are formed on the surface of the raceway, different requirements of rolling and sliding on lubrication states caused by different linear velocities at two ends of a roller are met, and simultaneously, microtextures with different gradient change depths in different directions are processed on the surface of the raceway, so that fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed on the surfaces of the raceway and the roller in different directions, and bidirectional dynamic pressure lubrication along the movement direction of the roller and the axial direction of the roller and double-steering fluid dynamic pressure lubrication of forward rotation and reverse rotation of the shield main bearing are realized.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A bionic communicated textured net of a shield main bearing raceway surface is characterized in that a scalelike bionic communicated textured net is processed on the raceway surface of a contact area between a roller and a raceway; in different areas where the rollers are contacted with the roller paths, the density, the size and the depth of the fish-scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net are different.
In the above scheme, in the radial direction, the length of the fish scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net is greater than that of the roller.
In the scheme, the fish scale-like texture direction in the fish scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net is the same as the axis direction of the roller.
In the scheme, the depth gradient of the single texture in the fish scale-like bionic communication variable texture net is changed into deep-shallow-deep.
In the scheme, the center of the shield main bearing is taken as the standard, the farther from the center, the smaller the diameter gradient and the shallower the depth gradient of the texture along the axial direction of the roller, the density is sequentially increased, and the density ratio of the texture is 1: 3.
in the scheme, the single texture in the fish scale-like bionic communicated textured net is semicircular.
In the scheme, the fish scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net is connected with the adjacent two circles of textures, the depth of the texture close to the axis of the shield main bearing is deep, and the texture far away from the axis of the shield main bearing is shallow.
In the scheme, the size of a single texture in the fish scale-like bionic communication variable texture net is micron-sized.
In the scheme, the texture in the fish scale-like bionic communication variable texture net is formed by laser processing.
The lubricating method for bionic communicating variable-fabric net on the surface of the raceway of the shield main bearing comprises the steps that when a roller and the raceway rotate oppositely along the forward direction and the reverse direction, a wedge-shaped structure is formed in a deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of a single texture, a lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway.
Compared with the prior art, the bionic variable-weave mesh lubrication of the surface of the main bearing raceway of the shield has the following outstanding beneficial effects:
(1) aiming at the problems of poor lubrication continuity, difficult lubrication, difficult chip removal, serious abrasion and the like caused by heavy load between the roller and the raceway of the current shield main bearing, the invention creatively processes textures with different structure sizes, densities and depth gradients on the surface of the raceway, effectively solves different requirements of rolling friction and rolling-sliding mixed friction on the lubrication state in the areas at two ends of the roller, reduces the processing time and improves the economy of the surface processing of the raceway of the shield main bearing; the hydrodynamic lubrication is formed by controlling the shape size and the depth of the textures in different directions and different positions on the surface texture of the main bearing raceway of the shield, and the dual-steering hydrodynamic lubrication of forward operation and reverse operation of the main bearing of the shield is innovatively realized by the gradient change of the depth, the depth and the depth of the single texture of a single ring texture; on the raceway from near to far away from the main bearing rotation axis, the size of the processed texture is reduced from large to small, the density is changed from density to density, and the depth of the texture is changed from depth to shallow in a gradient manner, so that fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway in the direction of the roller axis; and the same ring texture and the different ring texture are mutually communicated, a communicated fabric net is formed on the surface of the roller path, a lubricant can freely circulate in the fabric net, the lubricant circulates to ensure that the contact area of the roller and the roller path forms fluid dynamic pressure lubrication and simultaneously discharges metal scraps and impurities in the texture, the efficient, safe and continuous roller path lubrication process is realized, and the surface lubrication treatment mode of the roller path of the shield main bearing with simple structure and antifriction and wear resistance is really formed. Meanwhile, laser processing is adopted, the processing cost is low, the efficiency is high, and the texture shape and the depths in different directions can be easily processed by controlling the laser scanning path and speed in the processing process.
(2) A fish scale-like texture changing net is processed on the surface of a contact area between a shield main bearing roller and a raceway, the shape of a single texture is similar to the edge of a fish scale, the texture depth is changed into deep-shallow-deep, and the direction of the fish scale-like texture is the same as the direction of the axis of the roller. When the roller and the raceway relatively run along one direction, a wedge-shaped structure is formed in a deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of the single texture, the lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway; when the roller and the roller path oppositely run along the opposite direction, the depth of the innovative single texture changes from deep to shallow to deep, the deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of the single texture forms a wedge-shaped structure, the lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller and the roller path, so that the dual-steering hydrodynamic lubrication when the shield main bearing rotates forwards or backwards is realized.
(3) The texture with different structure sizes, different densities and different depths is processed in different contact areas of the roller and the roller path, the density of the roller path texture close to the axis of the shield main bearing and in contact areas with the roller is small, the size of a single texture is large, the depth of the texture is deep, the density of the roller path texture far away from the axis of the shield main bearing and in contact areas with the roller is large, the size of the single texture is small, the depth of the texture is shallow, the texture stores a lubricant, the different lubricating requirements of the rolling and sliding of the contact areas of the roller and the roller path are met, and meanwhile, the economy and the efficiency of the processing of the surface texture of the roller path of the shield main bearing are improved, the depth of the texture close to the main bearing rotary axis is deep, the texture far away from the main bearing rotary axis is shallow, the lubricant flows in from the texture deep area and flows out from the texture shallow area, and fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway, so that the axial direction of the roller is in contact with the raceway to form the fluid dynamic pressure lubrication.
(4) According to the characteristics of rolling and sliding of a main bearing roller of the shield in a raceway and lubricant distribution, on the basis of a special fish scale-like bionic texture, a structure with the same ring of texture and different rings of texture is provided, a lubricant can freely circulate among different textures, fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed when the texture stores the lubricant, and a variable texture net can quickly take away abrasive dust, so that the wear resistance is improved. The first circle of texture is processed on the surface of the roller path, the second circle of texture is processed in sequence, and finally the fish scale-like texture net is formed and is communicated with the same circle of texture and different circles of texture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a shield main bearing roller and raceway contact;
FIG. 2 is a weave pattern of the raceway surface in the area of contact with the roller;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the surface texture of the raceway;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of two adjacent texture structures, wherein (a) is a three-dimensional structure; (b) a front view; (c) plan view of
FIG. 5 shield main bearing assembly view;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the surface texture processing of the outer ring raceway of the shield main bearing;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a laser processing path of the surface texture of the raceway of the outer ring of the shield main bearing.
Description of reference numerals:
1-shield main bearing outer ring; 2-shield main bearing raceway; 3-a roller; 4-rolling path surface texture; 5-three rows of rollers; 6-upper row rollers contact the raceway; 7-a sealing ring; 8-lower row rollers contact the raceway; 9-shield the inner ring of the main bearing; 10-high strength mounting bolts; 11-six degree of freedom industrial robot; 12-a work bench; 13-a laser; 14-texturing the surface of the roller path to process a first circle path; 15-the inner side of the outer ring raceway of the shield main bearing; 16-processing a second circle path by the surface texture of the roller path; 17-raceway inner edge; 18-outer raceway edge.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In order to overcome the problems of uneven friction, poor lubrication continuity, difficult lubrication caused by heavy load, serious abrasion and the like of the roller path of the current shield main bearing, the bionic communicated variable texture net of the surface of the roller path of the shield main bearing is prepared, a scale-like bionic texture is processed on the surface of the roller path by utilizing laser, and a micro-texture net of the surface of the roller path with different sizes, different depths and different densities is formed in different contact areas of a roller and the roller path, so that different friction states of rolling and sliding caused by different linear speeds at two ends of the roller are solved, and the economical efficiency and the efficiency of processing the roller path texture are improved.
Micro-textures with different directions and different depths are processed on the surface of the roller path in contact with the roller, the depth gradient of a single texture is deep-shallow-deep, when the roller path and the roller path rotate oppositely along the positive direction, the deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of the single texture forms a wedge-shaped structure, a lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller path and the roller path; when the roller and the raceway relatively run along the reverse direction, the depth change of the innovative single texture depth-shallow-deep realizes the double-steering fluid dynamic pressure lubrication when the shield main bearing rotates forwards and backwards. According to the invention, the texture depth of the surface of the roller path along the axial direction of the roller is gradually reduced from the texture of the first circle to the texture of the nth circle, and the lubricant flows in from the texture deep area and flows out from the texture shallow area to form hydrodynamic lubrication between the roller and the roller path. The density of the roller path texture close to the axis of the shield main bearing and in the contact area with the roller is small, the size of a single texture is large, the depth of the texture is deep, the density of the roller path texture far away from the axis of the shield main bearing and in the contact area with the roller is large, the size of the single texture is small, the depth of the texture is shallow, and different lubricating requirements of the roller and the roller path contact area for rolling and sliding are met while the texture stores a lubricant. The same ring texture and the different ring texture on the surface of the roller path contacted with the roller are communicated, a texture net is formed on the surface of the roller path, a lubricant can freely flow in the texture net, and the fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed between the roller and the roller path, and simultaneously, abrasive dust between the roller and the roller path is brought out of the contact area of the roller and the roller path under the action of the pressurized lubricant. Meanwhile, the surface texture of the raceway is processed by laser, so that the processing cost is low, the efficiency is high, the scaly-like micro-texture nets with different sizes and densities are formed by controlling the laser scanning track, and different texture depths in different directions are processed by controlling the laser scanning speed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme is that a scalelike bionic communicating variable texture net is processed on the surface of the roller path in the contact area of the roller path and the roller path, and the density, the size and the depth of the texture change in different areas where the roller path is in contact with the roller path. The length of a radial surface texture area of the raceway is greater than that of the roller, the shape of a single texture is similar to that of a fish scale, the texture direction of the fish scale is the same as the axial direction of the roller, the depth gradient of the single texture is changed into deep-shallow-deep, when the roller and the raceway relatively rotate along one direction, the deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of the single texture forms a wedge-shaped structure, a lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway; when the roller and the roller path oppositely run along the opposite direction, the depth of the single texture is innovatively changed from deep to shallow to deep, the deep-shallow area in the depth gradient of the single texture forms a wedge-shaped structure, and the lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, so that the double-steering fluid dynamic pressure lubrication of the shield main bearing during forward rotation and reverse rotation is realized. The rolling friction is formed between the roller path close to the axis of the shield main bearing and the contact area of the roller path and the roller, the lubrication requirement is low, the texture density is small, the size of a single texture is large, the texture depth is deep, the rolling-sliding mixed friction is formed between the roller path far away from the axis of the shield main bearing and the contact area of the roller path and the roller due to different linear velocities, the lubrication requirement is high, the texture density is large, the size of the single texture is small, the texture depth is shallow, the surface texture can store the lubricant, the lubrication effect is improved, different lubrication requirements of the rolling and sliding of the contact area of the roller path and the roller path are met, and the economy and the efficiency of the processing of the shield main bearing roller path texture are also improved. The structure is connected with the same ring of texture, two adjacent rings of textures are connected, the depth of the texture close to the axis is deep, the texture far away from the axis is shallow, a lubricant flows in from the deep region of the texture and flows out from the shallow region of the texture, hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway, bidirectional hydrodynamic lubrication formed by the contact of the movement direction of the roller and the axial direction of the roller with the raceway is realized, the same ring of texture and different rings of texture are mutually communicated to form a texture net, on one hand, the flow of the lubricant is facilitated, on the other hand, metal debris and impurities in the contact region of the roller and the raceway are discharged, the lubrication effect is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion on the surface of the raceway is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the bionic communicated variable texture net lubrication of the rolling way of the shield main bearing adopts the technical scheme that a scalelike bionic communicated variable texture net is processed on the surface of the rolling way in the contact area of a roller and the rolling way by a laser, the depth of a single texture is changed into depth-shallow-depth by processing different texture densities, sizes and depths in different contact areas of the roller and the rolling way, the rolling and sliding friction states in the contact area of the roller and the rolling way are effectively solved while a lubricant is stored, and the bidirectional fluid lubrication dynamic pressure and the bidirectional fluid dynamic pressure lubrication in the contact area of the roller and the rolling way are formed, so that the lubrication effect is improved, and the flow discharge of abrasive dust is improved.
When the shield main bearing is unloaded, the roller 3 is in line contact with the raceway (neglecting the contact area caused by self gravity) as shown in the combined drawing 1. The method is characterized in that a texture is prepared on a raceway 2 of the shield main bearing, when the shield main bearing is loaded, a roller 3 is in contact with the raceway to form a rectangular contact area, and the width of the contact area is in millimeter level. The micron-sized texture is processed on the surface of the contact area of the roller and the raceway, after the shield main bearing is operated, the roller and the raceway directly slide relative to each other like two objects near the micron-sized texture, the depth of a single texture is changed into depth-shallow-depth, and the motion direction of the roller is the same as the depth-shallow-depth direction of the single texture.
Referring to the attached figure 2, the raceway surface texture 4 is based on the center of the shield main bearing and is far away from the center, the diameter of a single texture is reduced from large to small along the axial direction of the roller, and the single texture has the same structure when viewed along the rolling direction of the roller.
When the shield main bearing is operated in the forward direction, the lubricant is injected into the shield main bearing under pressure, the temperature of the lubricant is increased and the viscosity of the lubricant is reduced along with the long-time operation, and the lubricant forms hydrodynamic lubrication in a deep-shallow area of a single texture between a roller and a raceway. When the shield main bearing runs reversely, fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway by the same principle. The double-steering fluid dynamic pressure lubrication between the main bearing roller and the raceway of the shield is realized through the change of the depth of a single texture from shallow to deep.
The single texture in the first circle of groove is semicircular, the width of the texture is 100 mu m, the diameter is 800 mu m, and the depth change gradient of the groove is that the depth changes linearly according to the rule of 600 mu m-500 mu m-600 mu m.
The single texture in the groove in the middle area is semicircular, the width of the texture is 80 mu m, the diameter is 400 mu m, and the depth change gradient of the groove is that the depth changes linearly according to the rule of 400 mu m-300 mu m-400 mu m.
The single texture in the last circle of groove is semicircular, the width of the texture is 60 mu m, the diameter is 200 mu m, and the depth change gradient of the groove is that the depth changes linearly according to the rule of 200 mu m-100 mu m-200 mu m.
The diameter gradient and the depth gradient of each ring of texture along the axial direction of the roller become small, the density is increased in sequence, and the first area texture: and (3) texture of a middle area: the final area texture density ratio is 1:2:3 in sequence.
Referring to fig. 4, a structure diagram of adjacent textures is shown, wherein (a) a structure diagram of a three-dimensional texture; (b) a texture front view; (c) the top view of the texture can be seen, the texture is communicated with the ring of texture, and the adjacent two rings of texture are also communicated.
When the roller is arranged in the shield main bearing, the distance between the two ends of the roller and the center of the rotation axis of the shield main bearing is different, and the distance between the end part of the roller and the rotation axis of the shield main bearing is x as shown in the attached figure 5 1 The distance between the end part of the roller and the rotary axis of the main bearing of the shield is x 2 Distance x between two ends of roller and rotation axis of shield main bearing 2 ＞x 1 Linear velocity v at both ends of roller 2 ＞v 1 Resulting in a difference in linear velocity at the ends of the roller. When the roller end close to the rotation axis of the shield main bearing rolls, the roller end far away from the rotation axis of the shield main bearing is in a rolling and sliding composite state, the rolling and sliding friction coefficients and the lubricating requirements of the roller are different, in order to solve the different lubricating requirements of different contact areas of the roller and a roller path, micro-texture nets with different sizes, different depths and different densities are processed on the surface of the roller path, different ring textures are mutually communicated, the textures of the roller path surface close to the rotation axis of the shield main bearing and the roller path surface far away from the rotation axis of the shield main bearing sequentially become dense, the texture size is reduced, and the texture depth is reduced, as shown in figure 2. When the roller slides on the surface of the raceway due to different linear velocities at two ends of the roller, the roller and the raceway slide relatively, the depth of the texture is changed from deep to shallow, the lubricant flows in from the deep area of the texture and flows out from the shallow area of the texture, and hydrodynamic lubrication is formed between the roller and the raceway in the axial direction of the roller, so that different lubrication requirements are met, and simultaneously, the movement direction and the axial direction of the roller are realizedAnd bidirectional fluid dynamic pressure lubrication is formed, so that the lubricating performance of the main bearing raceway of the shield and the economy and efficiency of texture processing are improved.
The surface texture area of the raceway of the shield main bearing is larger than the length of the roller, the middle area of the roller moves in the central area of the raceway, when lubricant is pressurized and injected into the shield main bearing, the same ring texture and different ring texture of the surface of the raceway are communicated, the texture of the surface of the raceway forms a communicated texture net, and the lubricant can freely flow in the texture net. When impurities, metal debris and the like are stored inside the texture, the pressurized lubricant discharges the debris in the texture, and the abrasion of the contact area of the roller and the raceway is reduced.
The surface texture of the raceway of the shield main bearing is processed by a laser, after a shield main bearing ring is fixed on a workbench by a high-strength bolt, the front end of a manipulator of the six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot is the laser processor, as shown in figure 6. And processing a first ring of micro textures on the surface of the raceway, wherein the single micro textures of the first ring are connected end to end, the first ring of micro textures which are communicated are formed around the rotation axis of the shield main bearing, and a lubricant can freely flow between the first ring of textures, and the shape of the lubricant is shown in fig. 7. After the first ring of texture is processed, a second ring of texture is processed according to the set size, density and depth of the texture, the head and the tail of a single texture of the second ring of texture are connected with the middle area of the single texture of the first ring, a communication state is formed between the first ring of texture and the second ring of texture, a lubricant can freely flow between the first ring of texture and the second ring of texture, and the nth ring texture is processed according to the same position and mode, so that the lubricant in the first ring texture can freely flow to the nth ring texture. The depth of the individual texture was varied from deep to shallow to deep and the processing was performed by controlling the speed of movement of the laser as shown in fig. 7. When the speed of the laser is reduced, the depth of the processed texture is deep, and when the speed of the laser is increased, the depth of the processed texture is shallow.
Compared with the prior art, the bionic communicated textured net lubrication of the main bearing raceway of the shield has the following outstanding beneficial effects: the invention forms fluid dynamic pressure lubrication by the change of the texture size, the density and the depth of the roller in the moving direction and the depth of the roller in the axial direction, and improves the bearing capacity of the lubricating film. By adopting the fish scale-like groove fabric net, the relevance of different texture units is greatly improved, and the abrasive dust can be quickly taken away while a large amount of lubricant is stored in the contact area of the roller and the roller path, so that the wear resistance of the roller path is improved. According to different friction conditions of the roller on the roller path, different texture sizes, densities and depths of the roller path surface are set, so that different antifriction effects are achieved, and the economical efficiency and the efficiency of machining the shield main bearing are improved. Meanwhile, the fish scale-like groove is simple in texture shape, the power is unchanged during laser processing, only the movement track and the scanning speed of the laser need to be controlled, and the processing is simple and efficient.
The following will describe the preparation of the present invention by using a laser processing method and using a fiber laser with reference to fig. 6, taking the outer ring raceway of the shield main bearing as an example.
The method comprises the following steps: the outer ring material of the shield main bearing is 42CrMo, the surface of the raceway is polished, then sand paper with different meshes is sequentially used for polishing step by step, and the outer ring is cleaned for 15-20 min in an ultrasonic cleaner after being polished.
Step two: the outer ring 1 of the shield main bearing is arranged on a workbench 12 through an M30 bolt 10, and a laser 13 is operated by a six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot 11 to carry out processing, wherein the processing result is shown in figure 2.
Step three: when the first ring of texture on the surface of the raceway is processed, the laser power is kept unchanged, the motion track is carried out along the first ring of processing path 14 shown in fig. 7, and in the processing process, the depth of a single texture is deep-shallow-deep, as shown in fig. 4, the laser scanning speed is high, the texture depth is shallow, the scanning speed is low, and the texture depth is deep, so that when the single texture is processed to a depth, the laser scanning speed is firstly slow, then fast and then slow.
Step four: and (3) polishing the surface of the roller path for 10min along the moving direction of the roller by using metallographic abrasive paper, removing the solidified slag on the surface, and ultrasonically cleaning in an acetone solution for 15-20 min.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bionic communication variable fabric net of a raceway surface of a shield main bearing is characterized in that a scalelike bionic communication variable fabric net is processed on the raceway surface of a contact area between a roller and the raceway; in different areas where the rollers are contacted with the roller paths, the density, the size and the depth of the fish-scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net are different.
2. The shield main bearing raceway surface bionic communication metamorphic mesh of claim 1 wherein a length of the scaly bionic communication metamorphic mesh is greater than a length of the rollers in a radial direction.
3. The shield main bearing raceway surface bionic communication variable fabric net according to claim 1, wherein a fish scale-like texture direction in the fish scale-like bionic communication variable fabric net is the same as a roller axis direction.
4. The shield main bearing raceway surface bionic communication metamorphic mesh of claim 1, wherein a single texture depth gradient in the ichthyoid bionic communication metamorphic mesh varies from deep-shallow-deep.
5. The bionic communication variable fabric mesh of the surface of the raceway of the shield main bearing according to claim 1, wherein the farther from the center, the smaller the diameter gradient and the shallower the depth gradient of the texture along the roller axis direction, the higher the density of the texture in order, and the ratio of the density of the texture is 1: 3.
6. the bionic communication variable-texture net for the surface of the main bearing raceway of the shield according to claim 1, wherein a single texture in the scaly bionic communication variable-texture net is semi-circular.
7. The bionic communicating variable fabric net on the surface of the raceway of the shield main bearing according to claim 1, wherein the fish scale-like bionic communicating variable fabric net is connected with two adjacent circles of textures, the depth of the texture close to the axis of the shield main bearing is deep, and the depth of the texture far away from the axis of the shield main bearing is shallow.
8. The shield main bearing raceway surface bionic communication metamorphic mesh of claim 1, wherein individual textures in the scaly bionic communication metamorphic mesh are micron-sized in size.
9. The shield main bearing raceway surface bionic communication metamorphic mesh of claim 1, wherein the texture in the scaly bionic communication metamorphic mesh is formed by laser machining.
10. The method for lubricating a bionic communicating variable fabric mesh on the surface of a shield main bearing raceway according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein when the roller and the raceway run opposite to each other in the forward direction and in the reverse direction, a deep-shallow region in the depth gradient of the single texture forms a wedge structure, and lubricant flows in from the deep texture region and flows out from the shallow texture region to form hydrodynamic lubrication between the roller and the raceway.
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