CN114934850A - Method, device and equipment for calibrating intercooling pipeline volume and storage medium - Google Patents
Method, device and equipment for calibrating intercooling pipeline volume and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN114934850A CN114934850A CN202210497921.8A CN202210497921A CN114934850A CN 114934850 A CN114934850 A CN 114934850A CN 202210497921 A CN202210497921 A CN 202210497921A CN 114934850 A CN114934850 A CN 114934850A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/144—Sensor in intake manifold
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/16—Introducing closed-loop corrections for idling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of engine calibration, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for calibrating intercooling pipeline volume. The method is used for solving the problem that the actual smoke limit oil quantity control strategy is inaccurate due to delivery electric control data shaped under the transient working condition, and comprises the following steps: after the engine is started, closing a valve of the exhaust gas recirculation system, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until the volumes of the intercooling pipelines in the preset number are obtained: controlling the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, increasing the opening degree to a second opening degree value after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at a rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time, and obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring; the initial value of the intercooling line volume of the engine is updated based on a preset number of intercooling line volumes. Therefore, the consistency of the actual smoke limit oil quantity control strategy and the bench smoke limit control strategy is ensured, and the calibration workload of the bench is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of engine calibration, in particular to a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for calibrating intercooling pipeline volume.
Background
In the prior art, different intercooling pipeline volume calibration values and a smoke limit oil quantity control strategy matched with the intercooling pipeline volume calibration values are generally stored in factory electronic control data of an engine according to different models.
However, because the arrangement of the air inlet pipelines of engines of different manufacturers and the size of the volume of an intercooler are different, the actual air quantity entering the cylinder of the engine is different under the instantaneous acceleration working condition, so that the expected control effect cannot be obtained after fuel is injected based on the fuel quantity determined by the smoke limit fuel quantity control strategy, and the problems that the smoke limit fuel quantity control strategy in factory electrical control data is low in control precision under the transient working condition are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method, a device, equipment and a storage medium for calibrating the volume of an intercooling pipeline, and aims to solve the problem that a smoke limit oil quantity control strategy in factory electronic control data of an engine is inaccurate under the transient working condition in the prior art.
The embodiment of the application provides the following specific technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for calibrating a volume of an intercooling pipeline, including:
after the engine is started, closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until a preset number of inter-cooling pipeline volumes are obtained:
controlling the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value, wherein the first opening degree value is smaller than the second opening degree value, and the difference value between the second opening degree value and the first opening degree value is not smaller than a preset value;
obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve;
updating an intercooling pipeline volume initial value of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the intercooling pipeline volume initial value is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
The method can specially calibrate the initial value of the volume of the intercooler pipeline in the factory electronic control data according to the actual arrangement condition of the air inlet pipeline and the volume condition of the intercooler pipeline of different manufacturers, thereby ensuring the consistency of an actual smoke limit oil quantity control strategy obtained based on the corrected volume of the intercooler pipeline and a bench smoke limit control strategy, ensuring that the transient smoke and the emission are both in the limit range, enhancing the emission adaptability and simultaneously reducing the calibration workload of the bench.
Optionally, after the engine is started and before the engine speed is increased to the speed threshold, the method further includes:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the rotating speed of an engine through a rotating speed sensor, and controlling the engine to operate for a second preset time according to the idle rotating speed after the rotating speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotating speed.
According to the method, after the engine is started, the engine runs at the idle speed for a certain time, and the subsequent obtained intercooling pipeline volume is more accurate and representative on the basis of protecting the engine.
Optionally, the obtaining the intercooling pipe volume based on each parameter set within the preset time interval obtained by monitoring includes:
and aiming at each parameter group in the preset time interval obtained by monitoring, respectively executing the following operations:
for one parameter set in the parameter sets, obtaining the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow acquired by a flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold acquired by a pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold acquired by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by a second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor;
and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
According to the method, based on the inlet flow of the supercharger and the inlet flow of the main pipe of the intake manifold, the gas mass variation is obtained, and then the sub-intercooling pipeline volume corresponding to the gas mass variation is obtained through calculation according to an ideal gas state equation; and obtaining the inter-cooling pipeline volume corresponding to the inter-cooling pipeline based on the volume of each sub-inter-cooling pipeline in the preset time interval (namely the dynamic variation of the air intake amount caused after the opening degree of the air intake throttle valve is adjusted to be the second opening value).
Optionally, the obtaining a gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by the flow meter, the first intake pressure of the intake manifold collected by the pressure sensor, and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold collected by the first temperature sensor includes:
the method comprises the steps that a manifold inlet flow of an intake manifold main pipe is obtained based on first intake pressure of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a pressure sensor and first intake temperature of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a first temperature sensor;
obtaining the intake variation of the intercooling pipeline in unit time based on the difference value between the supercharger inlet flow acquired by a flowmeter and the main pipe inlet flow;
and integrating the intake variation per unit time based on an integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, wherein the integration interval represents the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the current parameter set to the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the next parameter set.
According to the method, after the first air inlet pressure of the air inlet manifold main pipe is acquired through the pressure sensor and the first air inlet temperature of the air inlet manifold main pipe is acquired through the temperature sensor, the inlet flow of the main pipe of the air inlet manifold main pipe is obtained through calculation, the inlet flow of the main pipe is subtracted from the inlet flow of the supercharger to obtain the inlet air variation in unit time, then the inlet air variation in unit time is integrated based on an integration interval to obtain the air mass variation in the intercooling pipeline, the corresponding sub intercooling pipeline volume is obtained through calculation according to an ideal gas state equation, and the intercooling pipeline volume corresponding to a preset time interval (namely, the dynamic variation of the inlet air flow caused by adjusting the opening of the air inlet throttle valve to be the second opening value) is obtained.
Optionally, the determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval includes:
obtaining a corresponding target sub-volume based on the obtained sub-inter-cooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval, and determining the target sub-volume as the inter-cooling pipeline volume, wherein the target sub-volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the sub-inter-cooling pipeline volumes;
updating an intercooling line volume initial value of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling line volumes, comprising:
and obtaining a corresponding target intercooling pipeline volume based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and replacing the target intercooling pipeline volume with an initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine, wherein the target intercooling pipeline volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
According to the method, after the sub intercooling pipeline volumes are obtained, any one of the average value, the median value and the mode of the sub intercooling pipeline volumes can be used as the target sub-volume, and the target sub-volume is determined as the intercooling pipeline volume, so that the inaccuracy of the sub intercooling pipeline volume obtained through single operation can be eliminated, the obtained target sub-volume is representative, and the subsequently obtained target intercooling pipeline volume is more fit with the value of the actual intercooling pipeline volume of the vehicle.
Correspondingly, after the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes are obtained, any one of the average value, the median value and the mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes can be used as the target intercooling pipeline volume, so that the inaccuracy of the intercooling pipeline volume obtained through single calibration can be eliminated, the value of the actual intercooling pipeline volume of the vehicle can be better fitted, then the target intercooling pipeline volume is used for replacing an intercooling pipeline volume initial value in factory electronic control data of the engine, and the follow-up actual smoke limit oil quantity control strategy based on the target intercooling pipeline volume is more accurate.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a calibrating device for an intercooling pipeline volume, including:
the obtaining module is used for closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine after the engine is started, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until a preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes are obtained:
controlling the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value, wherein the first opening degree value is smaller than the second opening degree value, and the difference value between the second opening degree value and the first opening degree value is not smaller than a preset value;
obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve;
and the updating module is used for updating the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
Optionally, after the engine is started and before the engine speed is increased to the speed threshold, the obtaining module is further configured to:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the rotating speed of an engine through a rotating speed sensor, and controlling the engine to operate for a second preset time according to the idle rotating speed after the rotating speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotating speed.
Optionally, the intercooling pipe volume is obtained based on each parameter set within a preset time interval obtained by monitoring, and the obtaining module is configured to:
and aiming at each parameter group in the preset time interval obtained by monitoring, respectively executing the following operations:
for one parameter set in the parameter sets, obtaining the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by a flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold collected by a pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold collected by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by a second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor;
and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
Optionally, the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline is obtained based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by the flow meter, the first intake pressure of the intake manifold collected by the pressure sensor, and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold collected by the first temperature sensor, and the obtaining module is configured to:
acquiring a manifold inlet flow of an intake manifold based on first intake pressure of the intake manifold acquired by a pressure sensor and first intake temperature of the intake manifold acquired by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining the intake variation of the intercooling pipeline in unit time based on the difference value between the supercharger inlet flow and the main pipe inlet flow acquired by a flowmeter;
and integrating the intake variation per unit time based on an integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, wherein the integration interval represents the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the current parameter set to the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the next parameter set.
Optionally, the intercooling pipeline volume is determined based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval, and the obtaining module is configured to:
obtaining corresponding target sub-volumes based on the obtained sub-intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval, and determining the target sub-volumes as the intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the target sub-volumes are any one of the average value, the median value and the mode of the sub-intercooling pipeline volumes;
the updating module is used for updating the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of the intercooling pipeline volumes, and is used for:
and obtaining a corresponding target intercooling pipeline volume based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and replacing the target intercooling pipeline volume with an intercooling pipeline volume initial value of the engine, wherein the target intercooling pipeline volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
a memory for storing computer programs or instructions;
a processor for executing the computer program or instructions in the memory such that the method according to any of the above first aspects is performed.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method according to any one of the first aspect described above.
In addition, for technical effects brought by any one implementation manner of the second aspect to the fourth aspect, reference may be made to technical effects brought by different implementation manners of the first aspect, and details are not described here.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a portion of an air induction system architecture of an engine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the logic for calculating the relationship between supercharger inlet flow and manifold inlet flow of the intake manifold in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for calibrating the inter-cooling pipeline volume according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the intercooling circuit volume determination in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of obtaining a gas mass change of an intercooling pipeline according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of manifold inlet flow variation of an intake manifold according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a logic diagram illustrating a calculation of intercooling pipeline volume according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a logic structure of a calibrating apparatus for intercooling pipeline volume according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic physical architecture diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
In order to solve the problem that a smoke limit value oil quantity control strategy in factory electronic control data of an engine is inaccurate under the transient working condition in the prior art, in the embodiment of the application, after the engine is started, a valve of an exhaust gas recirculation system of the engine is closed, the rotating speed of the engine is increased to a rotating speed threshold value, the following operation is executed in a circulating mode, the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve is controlled to be a first opening degree value, and after the rotating speed of the engine is controlled to be stabilized at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve is increased to be a second opening degree value; then based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained by monitoring, obtaining the inter-cooling pipeline volume until the inter-cooling pipeline volumes with the preset number are obtained; then, updating an initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve; the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
Therefore, the intercooling pipeline volume in the factory electronic control data of the engine can be calibrated according to the actual air inlet pipeline arrangement condition and the intercooler volume condition of different manufacturers, so that the consistency of an actual smoke intensity limit oil quantity control strategy obtained based on the corrected intercooling pipeline volume and a bench smoke intensity limit control strategy is ensured, the transient smoke intensity and the emission are both in the limit range, the emission adaptability is enhanced, and the calibration workload of the bench is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a partial intake system architecture of an engine according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The system comprises an air filter, a supercharger, an intercooler, an air inlet throttle valve, an air inlet manifold, an engine and an air inlet pipeline connected with the devices, wherein the intercooler pipeline is the air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve.
In the embodiment of the application, the air gets into the air inlet pipeline, gets into the booster after air cleaner filters, and the booster carries out the pressure boost to the air after, cools down through the intercooler, gets into air intake manifold house steward through the throttle valve that admits air after, finally gets into the cylinder of engine.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, a flow meter AFS is installed between the air filter and the supercharger, and is used for monitoring the real-time supercharger inlet flow of the supercharger; a second temperature sensor is arranged between the intercooler and the air inlet throttle valve and used for monitoring the real-time second air inlet temperature of the intercooler pipeline; a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor are arranged between the air inlet throttle valve and the air inlet manifold main pipe, wherein the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring real-time first air inlet temperature entering the air inlet manifold main pipe, and the first pressure sensor is used for monitoring real-time first air inlet pressure entering the air inlet manifold main pipe; and obtaining real-time manifold inlet flow of the intake manifold based on the first intake pressure and the first intake temperature.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present application, a second pressure sensor may be further installed between the intercooler and the intake throttle valve, and is used for monitoring a real-time second intake pressure of the intercooler pipe.
In practical applications, the second intake pressure may also be calculated by using an intake system model based on a throttling equation and the first intake pressure, and in the embodiment of the present application, for convenience of description, a detailed description of the calibration method is performed by taking an example in which the second intake pressure of the intercooling pipeline is monitored in real time by using a second pressure sensor.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic of the logic for calculating the relationship between supercharger inlet flow and manifold inlet flow to the intake manifold. Referring to fig. 2, in the embodiment of the present application, the inlet flow of the intercooler pipe is subtracted from the inlet flow of the supercharger (collected by the flow meter AFS) to obtain the manifold inlet flow of the intake manifold header, where the inlet flow change per unit time is obtained by dividing the second intake pressure of the intercooler pipe by the second intake temperature of the intercooler pipe, multiplying the result by the volume of the intercooler pipe, and then multiplying the result by the coefficient 0.3484.
In the following, preferred embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for illustrating and explaining the present application, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application, and that the features in the embodiments and examples of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 3, a method for calibrating an intercooling pipeline provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the following specific steps:
s300: after the engine is started, a valve of an exhaust gas recirculation system of the engine is closed, and the rotating speed of the engine is increased to a rotating speed threshold value.
In the embodiment of the application, when step S300 is executed, after the engine is started, before the engine speed is increased to the speed threshold, the engine speed is further acquired by the speed sensor, and after it is determined that the engine speed reaches the idle speed, the engine is controlled to operate for a second preset time period according to the idle speed, so that a warm-up effect can be achieved, and a specific numerical value of the inter-cooling pipeline volume can be accurately obtained.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, a rotation speed threshold is not specifically limited, but in order to obtain an accurate intercooling pipeline volume, the rotation speed threshold is usually set to be relatively higher, so that it is ensured that after the opening degree of the intake throttle valve is subsequently reduced, a transient operating condition, that is, a sudden change in pressure of gas in the intercooling pipeline caused by a sudden acceleration, can be better simulated.
S310: and controlling the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value, wherein the first opening degree value is smaller than the second opening degree value, and the difference value between the second opening degree value and the first opening degree value is not smaller than a preset value.
In the embodiment of the present application, after step S300 is executed, the engine speed of the engine is increased to the speed threshold, then, when step S310 is executed, the opening degree of the air intake throttle valve is set to the first opening degree value, and the engine speed is controlled to be maintained at the speed threshold for the first preset time period, and then, the opening degree of the air intake throttle valve is adjusted to the second opening degree value, wherein the second opening degree value is greater than the first opening degree value, and the difference between the second opening degree value and the second opening degree value is not less than the preset value, so as to simulate a transient operating condition, so that in subsequent step S320, based on the monitoring parameter set, the gas mass variation is obtained, and further based on the ideal gas state equation, the intercooling pipeline volume of the vehicle mounted with the engine is calculated.
S320: obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises the inlet flow of the supercharger, the first air inlet temperature and the first air inlet pressure of an air inlet manifold, and the second air inlet temperature and the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling line is an intake line between the supercharger and the intake throttle valve.
In the embodiment of the present application, referring to fig. 4, when step S320 is executed, the intercooling pipe volume is obtained by executing the following steps:
s3201: aiming at each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained by monitoring, the following steps are respectively executed:
s32011: and aiming at one parameter group in the parameter groups, the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline is obtained based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by the flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold collected by the pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold collected by the first temperature sensor.
In the embodiment of the application, the preset time interval is from the moment when the opening of the air inlet throttle valve is adjusted to be corresponding to the second opening value to the moment when the inlet flow of the supercharger is equal to the inlet flow of the main pipe of the air inlet manifold, or the moment when the difference value between the inlet flow of the supercharger and the inlet flow of the main pipe of the air inlet manifold is smaller than the flow threshold value; namely, after the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve is adjusted to be the second opening degree value, the air inlet amount is dynamically changed.
Referring to fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present application, when step S32011 is executed, the following steps are specifically executed to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline corresponding to one parameter set:
s500: and obtaining the manifold inlet flow of the intake manifold based on the first intake pressure of the intake manifold collected by the pressure sensor and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold collected by the first temperature sensor.
In the embodiment of the application, the manifold inlet flow of the intake manifold is calculated and obtained based on the engine displacement, the engine speed, the first intake pressure and the first intake temperature according to an ideal gas state equation.
S510: and obtaining the unit-time intake variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the difference value between the supercharger inlet flow and the main pipe inlet flow acquired by the flowmeter.
In this embodiment of the application, when step S510 is executed, a subtraction operation is performed on the supercharger inlet flow and the manifold inlet flow collected by the flow meter (i.e., the flow meter AFS), so as to obtain the intake variation per unit time of the intercooling pipeline corresponding to the current parameter set.
S520: and integrating the intake variation in unit time based on an integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, wherein the integration interval represents the acquisition time corresponding to the inlet flow of the supercharger in the current parameter set to the acquisition time corresponding to the inlet flow of the supercharger in the next parameter set.
In the embodiment of the present application, when step S520 is executed, the intake air variation per unit time obtained in step S510 is integrated based on the integration interval, so as to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline corresponding to the current parameter set.
S32012: and obtaining the corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor.
In the embodiment of the present application, after S32011 is executed to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, the sub-intercooling pipeline volume corresponding to the current parameter set is calculated and obtained based on the second intake pressure and the second intake temperature of the intercooling pipeline according to the ideal gas state equation.
S3202: and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
In this embodiment of the application, after the sub intercooling pipe volume corresponding to each parameter group is obtained by executing step S3202, a corresponding target sub-volume is obtained based on each obtained sub intercooling pipe volume within the preset time interval, and the target sub-volume is determined as the intercooling pipe volume, where the target sub-volume is any one of an average value, a median value, and a mode of each sub intercooling pipe volume.
Step S330: judging whether the obtained quantity of the inter-cooling pipeline volumes reaches a preset quantity, if not, executing a step S310; otherwise, step S340 is performed.
Step S340: updating an initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of the intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
In this embodiment of the application, when step S340 is executed, a corresponding target intercooling pipeline volume is obtained based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and the target intercooling pipeline volume is substituted for the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine, where the target intercooling pipeline volume is any one of an average value, a median value, and a mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
Therefore, by the method for calibrating the intercooling pipeline volume, after a new engine is installed on a vehicle and the engine is started, the calibration program corresponding to the method for calibrating the intercooling pipeline volume can be automatically operated, so that the intercooling pipeline volume of the vehicle is self-learned, the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume in factory electronic control data of the engine is corrected, the consistency of actual emission of the vehicle and bench development is ensured, the emission adaptability is enhanced, the consistency of an actual smoke limit oil quantity control strategy and bench development is ensured, and the calibration workload of the bench is reduced.
For example, take engine a as an example.
Assume that the engine a is a newly mounted engine on a vehicle.
Referring to fig. 6, in the embodiment of the present application, after an engine carrying fixed factory electronic control data is referred by different manufacturers, the following two situations may occur:
in the first situation, if the actual intercooling pipeline volume is larger than the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume in the factory electronic control data, the actual air volume entering the cylinder is small under the transient working condition, and the engine defaults to perform smoke limit oil volume control according to the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume, namely, the default air volume entering the cylinder is not changed, or fuel injection is performed according to the fuel injection volume obtained based on the smoke limit oil volume control strategy, so that the injected fuel cannot be fully combusted due to the small air volume entering the cylinder, smoke is generated in the acceleration process, and even a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) is blocked.
And in the second situation, if the actual intercooling pipeline volume is smaller than the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume in the factory electronic control data, the actual air volume entering the cylinder is large under the transient working condition, the engine defaults to perform smoke limit oil volume control according to the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume, namely, the default air volume entering the cylinder is not changed, or fuel injection is performed according to fuel injection obtained based on a smoke limit oil volume control strategy, so that the injected fuel is burnt out quickly due to the large air volume entering the cylinder, and the acceleration of the vehicle cannot be improved.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for calibrating an intercooling pipeline volume, which specifically performs the following operations to obtain a target intercooling pipeline volume:
firstly, after the engine is started, closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine, acquiring the rotation speed of the engine through a rotation speed sensor, controlling the engine to operate according to the idle rotation speed for a second preset time period (for example, the second preset time period is 3min) after the rotation speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotation speed, and increasing the rotation speed of the engine to a rotation speed threshold value (for example, the rotation speed threshold value is 1400rpm) after the rotation speed of the engine is determined to reach the second preset time period.
And secondly, controlling the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value (for example, the first opening degree value is 20%), controlling the engine speed to be stable at the speed threshold value for a first preset time period (for example, the first preset time period is 30s), and adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value (for example, the second opening degree value is 90%) after the first preset time period is determined to be reached.
And thirdly, acquiring the manifold inlet flow of the manifold main pipe of the intake manifold based on the monitored first intake pressure and first intake temperature of the real-time intake manifold main pipe.
And fourthly, obtaining the intake variation in unit time corresponding to the current parameter set according to the difference value between the monitored supercharger inlet flow and the manifold inlet flow.
And fifthly, integrating the intake variation in unit time based on the integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation corresponding to the current parameter set.
And sixthly, obtaining the sub intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass quantity, the second air inlet pressure and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic logic diagram of the calculation of the intercooling circuit volume.
In specific implementation, according to an ideal gas state equation, the manifold inlet flow of the corresponding intake manifold is obtained based on the first intake pressure of the intake manifold collected by the first pressure sensor and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold collected by the first temperature sensor; and then, subtracting the inlet flow of the main pipe from the inlet flow of the supercharger to obtain the intake variation in unit time corresponding to the current parameter set, and integrating the intake variation in unit time based on the integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation corresponding to the current parameter set.
And thirdly, multiplying the gas mass change quantity by a second inlet gas temperature and a gas constant R according to an ideal gas state equation, and dividing by the second inlet gas pressure to obtain the sub-intercooling pipeline volume.
And operation seven, sequentially obtaining sub intercooling pipeline volumes corresponding to each parameter group in the preset time interval, and obtaining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the average value corresponding to each sub intercooling pipeline volume, wherein the target sub volume is the average value.
And eighthly, repeating the second operation to the seventh operation to obtain the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and obtaining the target intercooling pipeline volume based on the average value corresponding to the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
Assume that the preset number is 3.
After the second operation to the seventh operation are circulated for two times, the self-learning intercooling pipeline volume for 3 times is obtained; then, the volumes of the intermediate cooling pipelines obtained by the 3 times of self-learning are averaged, and the obtained average value is used as the volume of the target intermediate cooling pipeline.
And nine, replacing the initial value of the inter-cooling pipeline volume in the factory electronic control data of the engine with the target inter-cooling pipeline volume.
It should be noted that, in the method for calibrating the inter-cooling pipeline volume provided in the embodiment of the present application, only when the engine is installed on a vehicle manufactured by each manufacturer, the calibration program corresponding to the calibration method is triggered when the engine is started for the first time, and the calibration program is not executed every time the engine is started.
Based on the same inventive concept, referring to fig. 8, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for calibrating a volume of an intercooling pipeline, including:
the obtaining module is used for closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine after the engine is started, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until a preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes are obtained:
controlling the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value, wherein the first opening degree value is smaller than the second opening degree value, and the difference value between the second opening degree value and the first opening degree value is not smaller than a preset value;
obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve;
and the updating module is used for updating the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of the intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
Optionally, after the engine is started and before the engine speed is increased to the speed threshold, the obtaining module is further configured to:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the rotating speed of an engine through a rotating speed sensor, and controlling the engine to operate for a second preset time according to the idle rotating speed after the rotating speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotating speed.
Optionally, the intercooling pipe volume is obtained based on each parameter set within a preset time interval obtained by monitoring, and the obtaining module is configured to:
and aiming at each parameter group in the preset time interval obtained by monitoring, respectively executing the following operations:
for one parameter set in the parameter sets, obtaining the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by a flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold collected by a pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold collected by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by a second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor;
and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
Optionally, the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline is obtained based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by the flow meter, the first intake pressure of the intake manifold collected by the pressure sensor, and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold collected by the first temperature sensor, and the obtaining module is configured to:
the method comprises the steps that a manifold inlet flow of an intake manifold main pipe is obtained based on first intake pressure of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a pressure sensor and first intake temperature of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a first temperature sensor;
obtaining the intake variation of the intercooling pipeline in unit time based on the difference value between the supercharger inlet flow acquired by a flowmeter and the main pipe inlet flow;
and integrating the intake variation per unit time based on an integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, wherein the integration interval represents the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the current parameter set to the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the next parameter set.
Optionally, the intercooling pipe volume is determined based on the obtained sub intercooling pipe volumes within the preset time interval, and the obtaining module is configured to:
obtaining corresponding target sub-volumes based on the obtained sub-intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval, and determining the target sub-volumes as the intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the target sub-volumes are any one of the average value, the median value and the mode of the sub-intercooling pipeline volumes;
the updating module is used for updating the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of the intercooling pipeline volumes, and is used for:
and obtaining a corresponding target intercooling pipeline volume based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and replacing the target intercooling pipeline volume with an intercooling pipeline volume initial value of the engine, wherein the target intercooling pipeline volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
Referring to fig. 9, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including:
a memory for storing computer programs or instructions;
a processor for executing the computer program or instructions in the memory, so as to execute any one of the methods performed by the calibrating device for the inter-cooling circuit volume in the above embodiments.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which computer program instructions are stored, and the computer program instructions, when executed by a processor, implement any one of the method steps performed by the inter-cooling circuit volume calibration apparatus in the above embodiments.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.
Claims (10)
1. A calibration method for inter-cooling pipeline volume is characterized by comprising the following steps:
after the engine is started, closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until a preset number of inter-cooling pipeline volumes are obtained:
controlling the opening of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stabilized at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening value, wherein the first opening value is smaller than the second opening value, and the difference value between the second opening value and the first opening value is not smaller than a preset value;
obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve;
updating an intercooling pipeline volume initial value of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the intercooling pipeline volume initial value is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein after the engine is started, prior to the increasing engine speed to a speed threshold, further comprising:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the rotating speed of an engine through a rotating speed sensor, and controlling the engine to operate for a second preset time according to the idle rotating speed after the rotating speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotating speed.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the deriving the intercooling circuit volume based on the monitored parameter sets within the predetermined time interval comprises:
and aiming at each parameter group in the preset time interval obtained by monitoring, respectively executing the following operations:
for one parameter set in the parameter sets, obtaining the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by a flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold collected by a pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold collected by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by a second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor;
and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the deriving the change in mass of gas in the intercooling circuit based on the supercharger inlet flow rate sensed by the flow meter, the first intake pressure of the intake manifold sensed by the pressure sensor, and the first intake temperature of the intake manifold sensed by the first temperature sensor comprises:
the method comprises the steps that a manifold inlet flow of an intake manifold main pipe is obtained based on first intake pressure of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a pressure sensor and first intake temperature of the intake manifold main pipe acquired through a first temperature sensor;
obtaining the intake variation of the intercooling pipeline in unit time based on the difference value between the supercharger inlet flow and the main pipe inlet flow acquired by a flowmeter;
and integrating the intake variation in unit time based on an integration interval to obtain the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline, wherein the integration interval represents the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the current parameter set to the acquisition time corresponding to the supercharger inlet flow in the next parameter set.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said determining said intercooling circuit volume based on said obtained individual sub-intercooling circuit volumes within said preset time interval comprises:
obtaining a corresponding target sub-volume based on the obtained sub-inter-cooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval, and determining the target sub-volume as the inter-cooling pipeline volume, wherein the target sub-volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the sub-inter-cooling pipeline volumes;
updating an intercooling line volume initial value of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling line volumes, comprising:
and obtaining a corresponding target intercooling pipeline volume based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, and replacing the target intercooling pipeline volume with an initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine, wherein the target intercooling pipeline volume is any one of an average value, a median value and a mode of the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes.
6. A calibration device for inter-cooling pipeline volume is characterized by comprising:
the obtaining module is used for closing an exhaust gas recirculation system valve of the engine after the engine is started, increasing the rotating speed of the engine to a rotating speed threshold value, and circularly executing the following operations until a preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes are obtained:
controlling the opening degree of an air inlet throttle valve to be a first opening degree value, and after controlling the rotating speed of the engine to be stable at the rotating speed threshold value for a first preset time period, adjusting the opening degree of the air inlet throttle valve to be a second opening degree value, wherein the first opening degree value is smaller than the second opening degree value, and the difference value between the second opening degree value and the first opening degree value is not smaller than a preset value;
obtaining the volume of the intercooling pipeline based on each parameter group in a preset time interval obtained through monitoring, wherein the parameter group comprises supercharger inlet flow, first inlet air temperature and first inlet air pressure of an inlet manifold, and second inlet air temperature and second inlet air pressure of the intercooling pipeline; the intercooling pipeline is an air inlet pipeline between the supercharger and the air inlet throttle valve;
and the updating module is used for updating the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume of the engine based on the preset number of intercooling pipeline volumes, wherein the initial value of the intercooling pipeline volume is stored in factory electronic control data of the engine.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the deriving module is further configured to, after the engine is started and before the increasing engine speed to a speed threshold:
the method comprises the steps of collecting the rotating speed of an engine through a rotating speed sensor, and controlling the engine to operate for a second preset time according to the idle rotating speed after the rotating speed of the engine is determined to reach the idle rotating speed.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the intercooling line volume is obtained based on monitoring each parameter set within a preset time interval, and the obtaining module is configured to:
and aiming at each parameter group in the preset time interval obtained by monitoring, respectively executing the following operations:
for one parameter set in the parameter sets, obtaining the gas mass variation of the intercooling pipeline based on the supercharger inlet flow collected by a flow meter, the first inlet pressure of the inlet manifold collected by a pressure sensor and the first inlet temperature of the inlet manifold collected by a first temperature sensor;
obtaining corresponding sub-intercooling pipeline volume based on the gas mass variation, the second air inlet pressure of the intercooling pipeline acquired by a second temperature sensor and the second air inlet temperature of the intercooling pipeline acquired by the second temperature sensor;
and determining the intercooling pipeline volume based on the obtained sub intercooling pipeline volumes in the preset time interval.
9. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing computer programs or instructions;
a processor for executing the computer program or instructions in the memory such that the method of any of claims 1-5 is performed.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having computer program instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method of any one of claims 1-5.
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