CN114933820B - High-weather-resistance coating film and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
High-weather-resistance coating film and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114933820B CN114933820B CN202210381362.4A CN202210381362A CN114933820B CN 114933820 B CN114933820 B CN 114933820B CN 202210381362 A CN202210381362 A CN 202210381362A CN 114933820 B CN114933820 B CN 114933820B
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 alkoxy silane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 34
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical group CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 11
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000593 microemulsion method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-oxopyridine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound CCN1C(O)=C(C(N)=O)C(C)=CC1=O QAQSNXHKHKONNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2,4-dioxopentan-3-yl)alumanyl]pentane-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC(=O)C(C(C)=O)[Al](C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O)C(C(C)=O)C(C)=O XBIUWALDKXACEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N Sorbitan monopalmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O IYFATESGLOUGBX-YVNJGZBMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetyloxyaluminum;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.CC(=O)O[Al] HDYRYUINDGQKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium formate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O.[O-]C=O MJWPFSQVORELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DMGNPLVEZUUCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;propanoate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O DMGNPLVEZUUCBT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWFQJFPTTMIETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-amine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] TWFQJFPTTMIETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L methylaluminum(2+);dichloride Chemical compound C[Al](Cl)Cl YSTQWZZQKCCBAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NVJCKICOBXMJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [K+].C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C([O-])=O NVJCKICOBXMJIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDVYRYJKRJEMFK-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethoxy(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl)azanium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C(C=C)(=O)OCC[N+](OC)(OC)OC VDVYRYJKRJEMFK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/42—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating of an organic material and at least one non-metal coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0216—Coatings
- H01L31/02161—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/02167—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/02168—Coatings for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties for the solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar photovoltaic, and provides a high weather-resistant coating, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein a silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure is used for preparing the coating, wherein the core is an oil-in-water microemulsion, the shell is silicon dioxide, the particle size is small, and the coating is further applied to preparing coated glass, so that the coated glass with high light transmittance, high hardness and good weather resistance can be prepared, the hardness is not lower than 5H, the light transmittance is not lower than 94.56 percent, the permeability is not lower than 2.56 percent, and the coating can be applied to the solar photovoltaic field in weather resistance tests such as salt spray resistance tests, constant temperature and humidity tests, outdoor exposure tests, ultraviolet tests, friction tests, acid resistance tests, wet freezing tests and the like, and the light transmittance change is not higher than 0.15 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic glass, in particular to a high weather-resistant coating film, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The optical characteristics of the photovoltaic glass have a great influence on the conversion efficiency of the solar cell, so that the improvement of the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass is currently being pursued, and the latest practice is to plate a double-layer antireflection film, namely a double-layer antireflection film, on the photovoltaic glass, wherein the double-layer antireflection film can enable a certain wave band to have very low reflectivity, so that the bandwidth area is widened, the average light transmittance in the full spectrum (380-1100 nm) range can be greatly improved, and the output power of the solar photovoltaic module is further improved. According to the transparency increasing principle of a double-layer antireflection film (AR film), firstly, a layer of high-refractive-index silicon dioxide is plated on the surface of photovoltaic glass as a bottom layer, the refractive index is required to be between 1.40 and 1.45, the thickness is about 80nm, then, a layer of low-refractive-index top layer is plated on the high-refractive-index bottom layer, according to the optical principle requirement of a thin film, the refractive index of a single-layer coating film is about 1.27 to 1.35, and the refractive index of the top layer is required to be reduced to be 1.15 to 1.25, namely, the porosity of the top layer of the double-layer film is required to be increased. At present, a silica alumina sol with a core-shell structure is usually prepared by a template method as a raw material of a top layer of a double-layer film, the template method is simple in principle, the preparation process is mature, high molecular organic matters are used as spherical templates, silicon dioxide is uniformly coated on the outer surface of the templates through a certain treatment means, and finally the templates in the center are removed, so that the silica alumina sol nano particles with the core-shell structure are prepared, but the particle size of the template agent is larger (the average particle size is larger than 120 nm), the silica alumina sol particle size with the core-shell structure is controlled to be larger in nano-scale difficulty, the refractive index is low, the film layer is required to be thin enough, the film layer is too thin, the structural strength of the film layer is very low, the impact of the external environment is difficult to resist, the film layer is easy to be damaged by water vapor, and the weather resistance of a product is affected. Therefore, development of a plating film having good weather resistance is desired.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a high weather-resistant coating film, a preparation method and application thereof, and the coating film provided by the invention can be further used for preparing coated glass, so that the coated glass has the characteristics of high weather resistance, high hardness and high light transmittance, the hardness is not lower than 5H, the light transmittance is not lower than 94.56%, the anti-reflection is not lower than 2.56%, and in a weather resistance test, the light transmittance change is not more than 0.15%.
The first aspect of the present invention provides a highly weatherable coating.
Specifically, a high weather-resistant coating film comprises a two-layer structure: a first plating film and a second plating film;
the raw materials for preparing the first coating comprise a first coating solution, wherein the first coating solution comprises silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure, the core is oil-in-water microemulsion, and the shell is aluminum-doped silicon dioxide;
the raw materials for preparing the second coating comprise a second coating solution; the second coating solution comprises cationic silica sol, epoxy silane oligomer and silane coupling agent.
According to the invention, the silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure is adopted to prepare the first coating solution, wherein the core is an oil-in-water microemulsion, the shell is aluminum-doped silicon dioxide, and the silicon-aluminum sol does not contain organic matters with large particle sizes as spherical templates (cores), so that the particle sizes of the silicon-aluminum sol are small, aluminum-doped silicon dioxide is used as a shell in the silicon-aluminum sol with the core-shell structure, the shell is introduced with aluminum element, so that the binding force between a coating film layer and a substrate can be better improved, the hardness of the coating film layer is improved, the first coating film is matched with the second coating film, a coating film with a two-layer structure is obtained, the structural strength of the system is enhanced, the light transmittance of the coating film is improved, and meanwhile, the hardness and weather resistance of the coating film are also improved.
Preferably, the oil-in-water microemulsion comprises water, an oil phase solvent, and an emulsifier.
Preferably, the average particle size of the silica-alumina sol with the core-shell structure is 50-75nm.
More preferably, the average particle size of the silica alumina sol of the core-shell structure is 55-60nm.
Preferably, the solid content of the first coating solution is 3% -6%.
More preferably, the solid content of the first coating solution is 3.5%.
Preferably, the first coating solution further comprises an organic solvent.
Preferably, the organic solvent is isopropanol.
Preferably, the second coating solution further comprises a silicon dioxide prepolymer, a surfactant and propylene glycol butyl ether.
More preferably, the second coating solution comprises, by weight, 25-35 parts of a silica prepolymer, 15-25 parts of a silane coupling agent, 15-20 parts of isopropanol, 20-30 parts of cationic silica sol, 1-2 parts of a surfactant, 4-8 parts of propylene glycol butyl ether, and 1-10 parts of an epoxy silane oligomer.
The second aspect of the invention provides the use of a highly weatherable coating.
The invention protects the application of the high weather-resistant coating film in the field of solar photovoltaics.
A third aspect of the invention provides a coated glass.
The invention provides coated glass, which comprises the coated glass.
Preferably, the coated glass sequentially comprises a first coating, a second coating and a glass substrate from top to bottom.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing coated glass.
The invention provides a preparation method for protecting the coated glass, which comprises the following steps:
coating the second coating solution on the glass substrate, and then performing first curing to obtain a glass substrate containing the second coating; and then coating the first coating solution on the second coating, curing for the second time, and tempering to obtain the coated glass.
Preferably, the temperature of the first curing is 60-250 ℃, and the time of the first curing is 1-5min.
Preferably, the temperature of the second curing is 80-250 ℃, and the time of the second curing is 1-5min.
Preferably, the temperature of the tempering treatment is 500-700 ℃, and the time of the tempering treatment is 1-5min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the first coating solution comprises the steps of mixing the silicon-aluminum sol with the core-shell structure with an organic solvent, and diluting until the solid content is 3% -6%, so as to prepare the first coating solution.
Preferably, the preparation method of the silica-alumina sol with the core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
mixing water and an emulsifying agent, adding an oil phase solvent, mixing to prepare an oil-in-water microemulsion system, adding alkoxy silane and aluminum salt, reacting for 1-3h at 25-70 ℃, and standing to prepare the silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the silica-alumina sol with the core-shell structure comprise the following components in percentage by mass:
0.5% -1.5% of emulsifying agent;
1.5% -3.5% of oil phase solvent;
15% -30% of alkoxy silane;
0.02% -0.5% of aluminum salt;
65% -83% of water.
Preferably, the emulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, potassium abietate, sodium succinate sulfonate, dodecyl ammonium chloride, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl pyridinium bromide, tritox-100, span40, span60, span80, tween40, tween60, tween80 and NP-5.
Preferably, the oil phase solvent is one or more of kerosene, n-Xin An, n-hexadecane, trimethylbenzene, oleic acid, n-hexane, diesel oil and cyclohexane.
Preferably, the alkoxy silane is one or more of tetraethoxy silane, methyltrimethoxy silane, methyltriethoxy silane, dimethyldiethoxy silane, tetramethoxy silane, vinyltriethoxy silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane and gamma- (2, 3-epoxypropoxy) propyl trimethoxy silane.
Preferably, the aluminum salt is one or more of aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, aluminum phosphate, aluminum formate, aluminum acetate, aluminum propionate, dialkyl aluminum chloride, methyl aluminum dichloride, trialkyl aluminum trichloride, aluminum isopropoxide and aluminum acetylacetonate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the second coating solution comprises the following steps:
mixing a silicon dioxide prepolymer, a silane coupling agent, isopropanol, cationic silica sol, a surfactant and propylene glycol butyl ether, heating a reaction system to 35-55 ℃, and then cooling to normal temperature; and adding epoxy silane oligomer, mixing to obtain a mixture, and finally diluting the mixture with isopropanol until the solid content of the mixture is 2% -4%, so as to obtain a second coating solution.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the silica prepolymer comprise ethyl silicate-40, isopropanol, glacial acetic acid and water.
Preferably, the raw materials for preparing the silica prepolymer include, in parts by weight:
40-60 parts of ethyl silicate, 45-60 parts of isopropanol, 0.1-1 part of glacial acetic acid and 10-20 parts of water.
Preferably, the preparation method of the silica prepolymer comprises the following steps:
mixing ethyl silicate-40, isopropanol, glacial acetic acid and water, hydrolyzing at 25-30deg.C, heating to 70-80deg.C, reacting for 2-3 hr, and cooling to obtain silica prepolymer.
Preferably, the time of the hydrolysis is 30-50 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of the cooling is 25-30 ℃.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides a coated glass for use.
The invention also protects the application of the coated glass in the field of solar photovoltaics.
A sixth aspect of the invention provides a solar cell.
The invention also provides a solar cell which comprises the coated glass.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The high weather-resistant coating provided by the invention is of a two-layer structure, namely a first coating and a second coating, and is further used for preparing coated glass, wherein the structure of the coated glass sequentially comprises the first coating, the second coating and a glass substrate from top to bottom; the hardness of the coated glass provided by the invention is not lower than 5H, the light transmittance is not lower than 94.56%, the anti-reflection is not lower than 2.56%, and in a weather resistance test, the light transmittance change is not more than 0.15%; the coated glass has the advantages of high hardness, high light transmittance and good weather resistance;
(2) The invention adopts a microemulsion method, forms an oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsion system by utilizing an oil phase solvent, water and an emulsifier, then disperses a monomer and aluminum salt into a microemulsion state in water by the emulsifier, and simultaneously generates polymerization reaction to generate microspheres, the prepared silica-alumina sol with a core-shell structure has smaller average particle diameter, the average particle diameter is about 60nm, and the monodispersity and stability are good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron microscopic view of the silica alumina sol of the core-shell structure prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples will be presented. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatus used in the following examples are all available from conventional commercial sources or may be obtained by methods known in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A highly weatherable coating comprising a two layer structure: a first plating film and a second plating film;
the raw materials for preparing the first coating comprise a first coating solution, wherein the first coating solution comprises silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure, the core is oil-in-water microemulsion, and the shell is aluminum-doped silicon dioxide;
the raw materials for preparing the second coating comprise a second coating solution; the second coating solution comprises cationic silica sol, epoxy silane oligomer, silane coupling agent, silicon dioxide prepolymer, surfactant and propylene glycol butyl ether.
The coated glass comprises the coated glass; the coating comprises a first coating, a second coating and a glass substrate from top to bottom.
The preparation method of the coated glass comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of silicon-aluminum sol with core-shell structure by microemulsion method
(1) 200mL of deionized water is taken to be placed in a beaker, 2g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is added to be emulsified, and after sealing, the mixture is placed in warm water at 50 ℃ to be dissolved by ultrasonic until the emulsification is complete;
(2) Taking 5mL of n-hexadecane as an oil phase by using a syringe, adding the mixture into the mixed solution in the step (1), and carrying out magnetic stirring on the mixture to uniformly mix the mixture and the magnetic stirring to form an O/W microemulsion system;
(3) 20mL of tetraethoxysilane is measured by a syringe, 0.05g of aluminum isopropoxide is weighed and added into the O/W microemulsion system of the step (2), the mixture is subjected to water bath and ultrasonic stirring at 50 ℃, the speed is controlled at 600rpm, and the stirring time is 75 minutes;
(4) Standing the solution in the beaker for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain the silica-alumina sol with a core-shell structure and an average diameter of about 60nm, wherein the silica-alumina sol has good monodispersity and stability;
the particle sizes of the invention are all measured by a ZetaZS90 laser particle sizer of the model of Malvern company;
2. preparation of the first coating solution
Adding the silicon-aluminum sol with the core-shell structure into isopropanol, and diluting until the solid content is 3.5%, so as to prepare a first coating solution;
3. preparing a second coating solution
(1) Uniformly mixing 50g of ethyl silicate-40, 55g of isopropanol, 0.5g of glacial acetic acid and 15g of water, hydrolyzing for 40 hours at normal temperature, then heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 2.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to prepare a silicon dioxide prepolymer;
(2) Uniformly mixing 25g of silicon dioxide prepolymer, 15g of methyltrimethoxysilane, 18g of isopropanol, 25g of Levasil CT16PCL cationic silica sol, 1.5g of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 6g of propylene glycol butyl ether, heating a reaction system to 45 ℃, and then standing for 1.8h for natural cooling to normal temperature; adding 5g of Mai drawing coating MP200, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and finally diluting with isopropanol until the solid content of the mixture is 3%, so as to obtain a second coating solution;
4. preparation of coated glass
(1) Coating a first coating solution between the first coatings to ultra-white solar glass (embossed glass with the thickness of 3.2 mm) with the light transmittance of 92.00%, and then curing the ultra-white solar glass in a curing furnace at the temperature of 250 ℃ for 5min to obtain glass containing the first coating;
(2) And (3) rolling the second coating solution on the glass containing the first coating between the second coatings, baking and curing for 3min at 180 ℃, then entering a tempering furnace, and tempering for 2min at 700 ℃ to obtain the coated glass.
Comparative example 1
The coated glass is different from the coated glass in example 1 in that silica-alumina sol with a core-shell structure is replaced by microsphere emulsion with a core-shell structure of silica-coated polystyrene prepared by a template method.
The preparation method of the coated glass comprises the following steps:
1. preparation of the first coating solution
(1) Preparing polystyrene emulsion by using a soap-free emulsion polymerization method: placing a comonomer of acryloyloxyethyl trimethoxy ammonium chloride and 100mL of water into a 250mL four-necked flask, adding styrene under mechanical stirring, and stirring for 30min at a stirring speed of 150rpm; under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 50 ℃, dropwise adding an aqueous solution of an initiator potassium persulfate (KPS), wherein the dropwise adding speed is 2.0mL/min, and reacting for 20 hours to obtain a stable cationic polystyrene emulsion with the average particle diameter of 270nm, wherein the mass content of solid matters is 10%; the mass percentages of the comonomer, the styrene monomer, the initiator and the water are respectively 0.5 percent of the comonomer, 10 percent of the styrene, 0.1 percent of the initiator and 89.4 percent of the water;
(2) Mixing the cationic polystyrene emulsion and a methanol solvent uniformly, diluting the cationic polystyrene emulsion to a solid content of 5%, and slowly and dropwise adding tetramethoxysilane serving as a silicon source substance into the mixture under the stirring condition at 15 ℃ to enable the silicon source substance to be prepared: the mass ratio of the polystyrene emulsion is 9:1, and the reaction is carried out for 3 hours to obtain the microsphere emulsion with the core-shell structure of the silica coated polystyrene; measured at 150 ℃ for 2 hours, the residual solids content was about 16%;
(3) Diluting the microsphere emulsion with the core-shell structure of the polystyrene coated by the silicon dioxide with isopropanol until the solid content is 4%, so as to obtain a first coating solution;
2. preparing a second coating solution
(1) Uniformly mixing 50g of ethyl silicate-40, 55g of isopropanol, 0.5g of glacial acetic acid and 15g of water, hydrolyzing for 40 hours at normal temperature, then heating to 75 ℃ for reaction for 2.5 hours, and cooling to room temperature to prepare a silicon dioxide prepolymer;
(2) Uniformly mixing 25g of silicon dioxide prepolymer, 15g of methyltrimethoxysilane, 18g of isopropanol, 25g of Levasil CT16PCL cationic silica sol, 1.5g of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and 6g of propylene glycol butyl ether, heating a reaction system to 45 ℃, and then standing for 1.8h for natural cooling to normal temperature; adding 5g of Mai drawing coating MP200, uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture, and finally diluting with isopropanol until the solid content of the mixture is 3%, so as to obtain a second coating solution;
3. preparation of coated glass
(1) Coating the second coating solution between the first coating films on ultra-white solar glass (embossed glass with the thickness of 3.2 mm) with the light transmittance of 92.00%, and then curing the ultra-white solar glass in a curing furnace at the curing temperature of 250 ℃ for 5min to obtain glass containing the second coating film;
(2) And (3) rolling the first coating solution on the glass containing the second coating between the second coatings, baking and curing at 180 ℃ for 3min, and then entering a tempering furnace for 2min after tempering at 700 ℃ to obtain the coated glass.
Product effect test
1. Test method
(1) Transmittance: mean measurement of average light transmittance T in the range of 380nm to 1100nm E Calculation formulaThe following are provided:
wherein S lambda: AM1.5 solar light relative spectral distribution; Δλ: wavelength interval, nm; τ (λ): the measured solar spectral transmittance of the sample.
(2) Determination of mechanical Strength-Pencil hardness Property
The pencil hardness of the coating film was measured with reference to the Chinese national standard GB/T6739, with a load of 750g.
(3) Weather resistance test
The following weatherability tests were performed on the coated glass, and then the change in transmittance was measured, and the measured standards and device models are summarized in the following table 1:
table 1 device model corresponding to each test of coated glass
2. Test results
Table 2 test results for coated glass of example 1
As shown in Table 2, the coated glass prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention has the hardness of 5H, the light transmittance reaches 94.56%, the anti-reflection performance is 2.56%, and the coated glass has the characteristics of high hardness and high anti-reflection performance, and has the advantages of high weather resistance in weather resistance tests such as salt spray resistance tests, constant temperature and humidity tests, outdoor exposure tests, ultraviolet tests, friction tests, acid resistance tests, wet freezing tests and the like, and the light transmittance change of the coated glass is not more than 0.15%.
TABLE 3 test results for coated glass of comparative example 1
From the test results in table 3, the hardness of the film layer of the coated glass in comparative example 1 is only 3H, and the film layer is also easily damaged by water vapor, the salt spray test fails, the transmittance change is close to 1% in the constant temperature and humidity test and the friction test, the transmittance is 94.3%, and the anti-reflection performance is 2.3%, thus, the hardness, the weather resistance and the anti-reflection performance of the coated glass in comparative example 1 are all reduced. The core-shell structure microsphere emulsion of the silica coated polystyrene prepared by the template method in comparative example 1 is illustrated that the particle size of the microsphere emulsion is larger (the average particle size of the cationic polystyrene emulsion is 270 nm), so that the structure strength of the film layer of the prepared first coating film is lower, the shell does not contain aluminum element, the binding force between the film layer of the coating film and a substrate is reduced, and the hardness is reduced.
Fig. 1 is an electron microscope image of a silica alumina sol with a core-shell structure prepared in example 1, wherein fig. 1a-b are SEM images of the silica alumina sol with a core-shell structure at different magnifications, and fig. 1c-d are TEM images of the silica alumina sol with a core-shell structure at different magnifications. As can be seen from FIGS. 1a-b, the prepared silica-alumina sol has high sphericity, an average particle diameter of about 60nm, good particle uniformity and no larger particles, so that the colloid stability is greatly improved, and in addition, as can be seen from FIGS. 1c-d, the silica-alumina sol has a core-shell structure, a shell thickness of about 10nm and good dispersibility.
Claims (8)
1. The coating film is characterized by comprising a two-layer structure: a first plating film and a second plating film;
the raw materials for preparing the first coating comprise a first coating solution, wherein the first coating solution comprises silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure, the core is oil-in-water microemulsion, and the shell is aluminum-doped silicon dioxide;
the raw materials for preparing the second coating comprise a second coating solution; the second coating solution comprises cationic silica sol, epoxy silane oligomer and silane coupling agent;
the average grain diameter of the silicon-aluminum sol with the core-shell structure is 50-75nm;
the preparation method of the silica-alumina sol with the core-shell structure comprises the following steps:
mixing water and an emulsifying agent, adding an oil phase solvent, mixing to prepare an oil-in-water microemulsion system, adding alkoxy silane and aluminum salt, reacting for 1-3h at 25-70 ℃, and standing to prepare the silicon-aluminum sol with a core-shell structure.
2. The use of the coating of claim 1 in the solar photovoltaic field.
3. A coated glass comprising the coated glass of claim 1.
4. A coated glass according to claim 3, comprising, from top to bottom, a first coating, a second coating, and a glass substrate.
5. A method for producing coated glass according to claim 3 or 4, comprising the steps of:
coating the second coating solution on the glass substrate, and then performing first curing to obtain a glass substrate containing the second coating; and then coating the first coating solution on the second coating, curing for the second time, and tempering to obtain the coated glass.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first coating solution is prepared by mixing silica-alumina sol with core-shell structure with an organic solvent and diluting to a solid content of 3% -6%.
7. Use of the coated glass according to claim 3 or 4 in the solar photovoltaic field.
8. A solar cell comprising the coated glass of claim 3 or 4.
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