CN114932512A - Clamping and centering device and method suitable for rail train axle measuring machine - Google Patents
Clamping and centering device and method suitable for rail train axle measuring machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114932512A CN114932512A CN202210746114.5A CN202210746114A CN114932512A CN 114932512 A CN114932512 A CN 114932512A CN 202210746114 A CN202210746114 A CN 202210746114A CN 114932512 A CN114932512 A CN 114932512A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
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Abstract
The invention discloses a clamping and centering device and a clamping and centering method suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine, wherein the device comprises a supporting platform, a first tip mechanism, a second tip mechanism, a first linear driving mechanism, a second linear driving mechanism, a first grating ruler, a second grating ruler and a controller. The first tip mechanism comprises a first tip, and the second tip mechanism comprises a second tip. The first linear driving mechanism drives the first tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle, and the second linear driving mechanism drives the second tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle. The first grating ruler comprises a first scale grating fixed on the supporting platform and a first grating reading head fixed on the first tip mechanism, and the second grating ruler comprises a second scale grating fixed on the supporting platform and a second grating reading head fixed on the second tip mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the axle axial clamping device can axially clamp and accurately center and position an axle so as to carry out subsequent axle detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail train axle measurement, in particular to a clamping and centering device and method suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine.
Background
The axle of the rail train is used as a bearing and moving part of the train and bears large load and impact force, and wheels and friction discs are required to be assembled on the axle, so that the detection of the axle diameter and the abrasion condition of the axle is particularly important.
The axle automatic measuring machine is a common axle detection device, and adopts a vision measuring method to measure the axle diameter and the abrasion condition of an axle. The radial measurement reference is the axle center of the axle, the center tip is matched with a center hole in the end face of the axle to complete positioning, the radial positioning reference is guaranteed, and the axial measurement reference is the end faces at two ends of the axle. In order to ensure the precision of the axial measurement dimension, the axle needs to be axially centered and positioned, and the relative positions of the end surfaces at the two ends of the axle and the central plane of the measurement system are ensured.
When the automatic axle measuring machine is used for initially positioning and clamping an axle, the problem of axial positioning misalignment is inevitable, so that the end face of the axle is measured with a large error, and each parameter measured by taking the end face of the axle as a reference has an accumulated error.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a clamping and centering device and a clamping and centering method suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine, which can be used for axially clamping and accurately centering and positioning an axle so as to carry out subsequent axle detection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention discloses a clamping and centering device suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine, which comprises:
a support platform;
the first tip mechanism comprises a first tip used for contacting and limiting the first end of the axle;
the second tip mechanism comprises a second tip used for being in contact with the second end of the axle for limiting;
the first linear driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the first tip mechanism so as to drive the first tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle;
the second linear driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the second tip mechanism so as to drive the second tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle;
the first grating ruler comprises a first ruler grating fixed on the supporting platform and a first grating reading head fixed on the first tip mechanism;
the second grating ruler comprises a second ruler grating fixed on the supporting platform and a second grating reading head fixed on the second tip mechanism;
the controller is electrically connected with the first linear driving mechanism, the second linear driving mechanism, the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler; the first linear driving mechanism can be stopped after the first tip abuts against the first end of the axle, and the second linear driving mechanism can be stopped after the second tip abuts against the second end of the axle; and after the readings of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler are received, the actions of the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are controlled, so that the axle is centered along the axial direction.
Preferably, the first tip mechanism further comprises a first pressure sensor fixed to the first tip, and the first pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller so as to send an electric signal to the controller after the first tip abuts against the first end of the axle.
Preferably, the first pressure sensor is a first spoke pressure sensor.
Preferably, the second tip mechanism further comprises a second pressure sensor fixed to the second tip, and the second pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller so as to send an electric signal to the controller after the second tip abuts against the second end of the axle.
Preferably, the second pressure sensor is a second spoke pressure sensor.
Preferably, the first linear driving mechanism includes a first motor, a first coupler, a first lead screw, a first slide rail and a first slider, two ends of the first coupler are respectively fixedly connected with the output shaft of the first motor and the first lead screw, the first slider is in threaded connection with the first lead screw and is slidably mounted on the first slide rail, and the first slide rail is fixed on the supporting platform.
Preferably, the first grating reading head is fixed on the first sliding block, and the first scale grating is parallel to the first sliding rail.
Preferably, the second linear driving mechanism includes a second motor, a second coupler, a second lead screw, a second slide rail and a second slide block, two ends of the second coupler are respectively and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor and the second lead screw, the second slide block is in threaded connection with the second lead screw and is slidably mounted on the second slide rail, and the second slide rail is fixed on the supporting platform.
Preferably, the second grating reading head is fixed to the second slider, and the second scale grating is parallel to the second slide rail.
The invention also discloses a clamping and centering method suitable for the rail train axle measuring machine, which comprises the following steps:
1) placing the axle on an axle bearing mechanism at the measuring position to enable the axle, the first tip and the second tip to be coaxial;
2) the first linear driving mechanism pushes the first tip to be in contact with the first end of the axle for limiting, the first linear driving mechanism stops acting, and the first grating ruler acquires that the moving distance of the first tip is D1;
3) the first linear driving mechanism pushes the second tip to be in contact with the second end of the axle for limiting, the second linear driving mechanism stops acting, and the second grating ruler acquires that the moving distance of the second tip is D2;
4) removing the axle bearing mechanism, and comparing the sizes of D1 and D2;
if D1 is larger than D2, the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are started simultaneously, and the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism enable the axle to move to the side where the first tip is located (D1-D2)/2;
if D1 is less than D2, the second linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are started simultaneously, and the second linear driving mechanism enable the vehicle shaft to move to the side where the second center is located (D2-D1)/2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
after the axle is clamped by the first tip and the second tip, the controller calculates according to the received readings of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler to obtain the deviation condition of the axial center of the axle, and controls the actions of the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism, so that the axle can be centered along the axial direction.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a clamp centering device suitable for use with a rail train axle measuring machine according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the positional relationship of the first tip mechanism, the first linear drive mechanism and the axle;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the positional relationship between the second tip mechanism, the second linear drive mechanism and the axle;
description of reference numerals: 1 a first drive mechanism; 2 a first tip mechanism; 3, a vehicle axle; 4 a second tip mechanism; 5 a second drive mechanism; 6 a second grating ruler; 7 supporting the platform; 8, a first grating scale; 1-1 a first motor; 1-2 a first coupling; 1-3 first lead screws; 1-4 a first slide rail; 1-5 first slide block; 2-1 a first tip; 2-2 a first pressure sensor; 4-1 second finials; 4-2 a second pressure sensor; 5-1 a second motor; 5-2 a second coupling; 5-3 second lead screw; 5-4 second sliding rails; 5-5 second slide block.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a clamping and centering device and a clamping and centering method suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine, which can be used for axially clamping and accurately centering and positioning an axle so as to carry out subsequent axle detection.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below. In this embodiment, the fixing may refer to a detachable fixing connection, for example, a fixing connection by a fastener; or fixedly connected with the base in a non-detachable mode, such as welded connection. Two parts fixed to each other may be in contact with each other, i.e. fixed directly; or may move without contact but in synchronism, i.e. indirectly fixed.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment provides a clamping and centering device suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine, which includes a supporting platform 7, a first tip mechanism 2, a second tip mechanism 4, a first linear driving mechanism 1, a second linear driving mechanism 5, a first grating scale 8, a second grating scale 6, and a controller.
The first tip mechanism 2 comprises a first tip 2-1 used for being in contact with a first end of the axle 3 for limiting, and the second tip mechanism 4 comprises a second tip 4-1 used for being in contact with a second end of the axle 3 for limiting. The first linear driving mechanism 1 is fixedly connected with the first tip mechanism 2 so as to drive the first tip mechanism 2 to translate along the axis of the axle 3. The second linear driving mechanism 5 is fixedly connected with the second centre mechanism 4 so as to drive the second centre mechanism 4 to translate along the axis of the axle 3. The first grating ruler 8 comprises a first scale grating fixed on the supporting platform 7 and a first grating reading head fixed on the first tip mechanism 2, and the second grating ruler 6 comprises a second scale grating fixed on the supporting platform 7 and a second grating reading head fixed on the second tip mechanism 4. The controller is electrically connected with the first linear driving mechanism 1, the second linear driving mechanism 5, the first grating ruler 8 and the second grating ruler 6. The controller can stop the first linear drive mechanism 1 after the first center 2-1 abuts against the first end of the axle 3, and stop the second linear drive mechanism 5 after the second center 4-1 abuts against the second end of the axle 3. The controller can control the actions of the first linear driving mechanism 1 and the second linear driving mechanism 5 after receiving the readings of the first grating ruler 8 and the second grating ruler 6, so that the axle 3 is centered along the axial direction.
The working principle of the clamping and centering device of the embodiment is as follows: the first end and the second end of the axle 3 are both provided with center holes, and the axle 3 can be clamped by tightly pressing the first tip 2-1 against the center hole at the first end of the axle 3 and tightly pressing the second tip 4-1 against the center hole at the second end of the axle 3. The first grating ruler 8 can measure the distance of the first grating reading head moving along with the first apex 2-1, and the second grating ruler 6 can measure the distance of the second grating reading head moving along with the second apex 4-1. The center of a connecting line of the initial position of the first tip 2-1 and the initial position of the second tip 4-1 is called a central point, the distance of the axial center of the axle 3 deviating from the central point can be obtained by comparing the moving distance of the first tip 2-1 relative to the initial position when contacting the axle 3 with the controller and the moving distance of the second tip 4-1 relative to the initial position when contacting the axle 3 with the controller, and then the axial center of the axle 3 is coincided with the central point through the movement of the first linear driving mechanism 1 and the second linear driving mechanism 5, so that the centering of the axle 3 can be realized.
In order to improve the controllability, the accuracy and the automation degree of the automatic measuring machine for the axle 3, in the embodiment, the first tip mechanism 2 further comprises a first pressure sensor 2-2 fixed on the first tip 2-1, and the first pressure sensor 2-2 is electrically connected with the controller so as to send an electric signal to the controller after the first tip 2-1 tightly props against the first end of the axle 3. The second centre mechanism 4 further comprises a second pressure sensor 4-2 fixed on the second centre 4-1, and the second pressure sensor 4-2 is electrically connected with the controller so as to send an electric signal to the controller after the second centre 4-1 tightly props against the second end of the axle 3. Through the arrangement of the first pressure sensor 2-2 and the second pressure sensor 4-2, the controller can control the first linear driving mechanism 1 to stop acting when the first tip 2-1 is in contact with the first end of the axle 3, and control the second linear driving mechanism 5 to stop acting when the second tip 4-1 is in contact with the second end of the axle 3, manual control is not needed, the automation degree can be improved, and the clamping force can be fed back in real time.
In this embodiment, the first pressure sensor 2-2 is preferably a first spoke type pressure sensor, and the second pressure sensor 4-2 is preferably a second spoke type pressure sensor. Other types of pressure sensors may be selected by those skilled in the art depending on the actual needs.
The type of the first linear drive mechanism 1 is various and can be selected by those skilled in the art as desired. In this embodiment, the first linear driving mechanism 1 includes a first motor 1-1, a first coupler 1-2, a first lead screw 1-3, a first slide rail 1-4, and a first slide block 1-5, two ends of the first coupler 1-2 are respectively fixedly connected to an output shaft of the first motor 1-1 and the first lead screw 1-3, the first slide block 1-5 is in threaded connection with the first lead screw 1-3 and is slidably mounted on the first slide rail 1-4, and the first slide rail 1-4 is fixed on the supporting platform 7. The first grating readhead is preferably fixed to a first slider 1-5, with the first scale grating parallel to the first slide rail 1-4. When the first motor 1-1 works, the first lead screw 1-3 is driven to rotate, the first sliding block 1-5 is driven to slide on the first sliding rail 1-4, and the first sliding block 1-5 drives the first tip 2-1 to move synchronously.
The type of the second linear drive mechanism 5 is various and can be selected by those skilled in the art as desired. In this embodiment, the second linear driving mechanism 5 includes a second motor 5-1, a second coupler 5-2, a second lead screw 5-3, a second slide rail 5-4 and a second slide block 5-5, two ends of the second coupler 5-2 are respectively fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor 5-1 and the second lead screw 5-3, the second slide block 5-5 and the second lead screw 5-3 are in threaded connection and are slidably mounted on the second slide rail 5-4, and the second slide rail 5-4 is fixed on the supporting platform 7. The second grating readhead is preferably fixed to a second slider 5-5, and the second scale grating is parallel to a second slide rail 5-4. When the second motor 5-1 works, the second lead screw 5-3 is driven to rotate, the second sliding block 5-5 is driven to slide on the second sliding rail 5-4, and the second sliding block 5-5 drives the second tip 4-1 to synchronously move.
However, the actual implementation is not limited thereto. For example, the first linear drive mechanism 1 may be a first hydraulic cylinder, and the second linear drive mechanism 5 may be a hydraulic cylinder as long as linear drive is possible.
The embodiment also provides a clamping and centering method suitable for the rail train axle measuring machine, which comprises the following steps:
1) and placing the axle 3 on an axle bearing mechanism at the measuring position to enable the axle 3, the first tip 2-1 and the second tip 4-1 to be coaxial.
2) The first linear driving mechanism 1 pushes the first tip 2-1 to be in contact with the first end of the axle 3 for limiting, the first linear driving mechanism 1 stops acting, and the first grating ruler 8 acquires that the moving distance of the first tip 2-1 is D1.
3) The first linear driving mechanism 1 pushes the second tip 4-1 to be in contact with the second end of the axle 3 for limiting, the second linear driving mechanism 5 stops acting, and the second grating ruler 6 acquires that the moving distance of the second tip 4-1 is D2.
4) The axle carrier was removed and the sizes of D1 and D2 were compared.
If D1 > D2, the first linear drive mechanism 1 and the second linear drive mechanism 5 are simultaneously actuated, and the first linear drive mechanism 1 and the second linear drive mechanism 5 move the axle 3 toward the side of the first center 2-1 (D1-D2)/2.
If D1 < D2, the second linear drive mechanism 5 and the second linear drive mechanism 5 are simultaneously activated, and the second linear drive mechanism 5 move the axle 3 toward the side of the second center 4-1 (D2-D1)/2.
5) The first linear drive mechanism 1 moves the first tip 2-1 to the initial position and the second linear drive mechanism 5 moves the second tip 4-1 to the initial position.
In the clamping and centering method of the embodiment, the axle 3 is clamped firstly, then the axle bearing mechanism is removed, and then the centering position of the axle 3 is adjusted, so that the condition that the surface of the axle 3 is scratched due to the fact that the axle 3 is pushed on the axle bearing mechanism is avoided, and the axle 3 is protected, and meanwhile, the parameters of the axle 3 are measured more accurately.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a press from both sides tight centering device suitable for rail train axletree measuring machine which characterized in that includes:
a support platform;
the first tip mechanism comprises a first tip used for contacting and limiting the first end of the axle;
the second tip mechanism comprises a second tip used for being in contact with the second end of the axle for limiting;
the first linear driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the first tip mechanism so as to drive the first tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle;
the second linear driving mechanism is fixedly connected with the second tip mechanism so as to drive the second tip mechanism to translate along the axis of the axle;
the first grating ruler comprises a first ruler grating fixed on the supporting platform and a first grating reading head fixed on the first tip mechanism;
the second grating ruler comprises a second ruler grating fixed on the supporting platform and a second grating reading head fixed on the second tip mechanism;
the controller is electrically connected with the first linear driving mechanism, the second linear driving mechanism, the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler; the first linear driving mechanism can be stopped after the first tip abuts against the first end of the axle, and the second linear driving mechanism can be stopped after the second tip abuts against the second end of the axle; and after the readings of the first grating ruler and the second grating ruler are received, the actions of the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are controlled, so that the axle is centered along the axial direction.
2. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 1, wherein said first tip mechanism further comprises a first pressure sensor secured to said first tip, said first pressure sensor being electrically connected to said controller for sending an electrical signal to said controller after said first tip abuts said axle first end.
3. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 2, wherein said first pressure sensor is a first spoke pressure sensor.
4. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 1, wherein said second tip mechanism further comprises a second pressure sensor secured to said second tip, said second pressure sensor being electrically connected to said controller for sending an electrical signal to said controller after said second tip abuts said axle second end.
5. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 4, wherein said second pressure sensor is a second spoke pressure sensor.
6. The clamping and centering device suitable for the rail train axle measuring machine of claim 1, wherein the first linear driving mechanism comprises a first motor, a first coupling, a first lead screw, a first slide rail and a first slide block, two ends of the first coupling are fixedly connected with an output shaft of the first motor and the first lead screw respectively, the first slide block is in threaded connection with the first lead screw and is slidably mounted on the first slide rail, and the first slide rail is fixed on the supporting platform.
7. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 6, wherein said first grating readhead is fixed to said first slide, and said first scale grating is parallel to said first slide rail.
8. The clamping and centering device suitable for the rail train axle measuring machine of claim 1, wherein the second linear driving mechanism comprises a second motor, a second coupling, a second lead screw, a second slide rail and a second slide block, two ends of the second coupling are fixedly connected with an output shaft of the second motor and the second lead screw respectively, the second slide block is in threaded connection with the second lead screw and is slidably mounted on the second slide rail, and the second slide rail is fixed on the supporting platform.
9. The clamp centering device for a rail train axle measuring machine of claim 8, wherein said second scale grating is parallel to said second slide block and said second grating readhead is fixed to said second slide block.
10. A clamping and centering method suitable for a rail train axle measuring machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) placing the axle on an axle bearing mechanism at the measuring position to enable the axle, the first tip and the second tip to be coaxial;
2) the first linear driving mechanism pushes the first tip to be in contact with the first end of the axle for limiting, the first linear driving mechanism stops acting, and the first grating ruler acquires that the moving distance of the first tip is D1;
3) the first linear driving mechanism pushes the second tip to be in contact with the second end of the axle for limiting, the second linear driving mechanism stops acting, and the moving distance of the second tip acquired by the second grating ruler is D2;
4) removing the axle bearing mechanism, and comparing the sizes of D1 and D2;
if D1 is larger than D2, the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are started simultaneously, and the first linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism enable the axle to move to the side where the first tip is located (D1-D2)/2;
if D1 is less than D2, the second linear driving mechanism and the second linear driving mechanism are started simultaneously, and the second linear driving mechanism enable the vehicle shaft to move to the side where the second center is located (D2-D1)/2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210746114.5A CN114932512A (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Clamping and centering device and method suitable for rail train axle measuring machine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210746114.5A CN114932512A (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Clamping and centering device and method suitable for rail train axle measuring machine |
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| CN114932512A true CN114932512A (en) | 2022-08-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210746114.5A Pending CN114932512A (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2022-06-28 | Clamping and centering device and method suitable for rail train axle measuring machine |
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| CN (1) | CN114932512A (en) |
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