CN114932253A - A tool with internal cooling jet structure - Google Patents
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- CN114932253A CN114932253A CN202210698598.0A CN202210698598A CN114932253A CN 114932253 A CN114932253 A CN 114932253A CN 202210698598 A CN202210698598 A CN 202210698598A CN 114932253 A CN114932253 A CN 114932253A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010037 TiAlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001067 superalloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
- B23B51/06—Drills with lubricating or cooling equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B47/00—Constructional features of components specially designed for boring or drilling machines; Accessories therefor
- B23B47/34—Arrangements for removing chips out of the holes made; Chip- breaking arrangements attached to the tool
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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Abstract
本发明提供一种带有内冷射流结构的刀具,涉及切削加工刀具领域,包括钻头,钻头内设有螺旋线状的冷却通道,冷却通道一端延伸至钻头钻尖作为出口;冷却通道通过钻头侧面预设的射流孔连通外部,靠近出口的冷却通道内设有收缩部,收缩部的径向截面积小于冷却通道其他区域的径向截面积,以使冷却液在出口位置雾化;针对目前钻头刀具加工时冷却效果较差的问题,通过冷却通道输送冷却液,冷却液由钻头钻尖处出口及侧面射流孔喷出,出口输出分散雾化后的冷却液能够对切削位置进行冷却、润滑,射流孔输出的冷却液射流能够切屑从钻头刃沟处冲出,从而满足冷却和润滑需求。
The invention provides a tool with an internal cooling jet structure, which relates to the field of cutting tools and includes a drill bit. A helical cooling channel is arranged in the drill bit, and one end of the cooling channel extends to the drill tip as an outlet; the cooling channel passes through the side surface of the drill bit. The preset jet holes are connected to the outside, and the cooling channel close to the outlet is provided with a constriction portion, and the radial cross-sectional area of the constriction portion is smaller than that of other areas of the cooling channel, so that the cooling liquid is atomized at the outlet position; for the current drill bit The problem of poor cooling effect during tool processing. The cooling liquid is transported through the cooling channel, and the cooling liquid is sprayed from the outlet at the drill tip and the side jet holes. The output of the outlet is dispersed and atomized. The cooling liquid can cool and lubricate the cutting position. The coolant jet from the jet hole can flush the chips out of the groove of the drill bit, so as to meet the cooling and lubrication requirements.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及切削加工刀具领域,具体涉及一种带有内冷射流结构的刀具。The invention relates to the field of cutting tools, in particular to a tool with an internal cooling jet structure.
背景技术Background technique
为降低切削温度过高对加工过程和刀具寿命造成的不利影响,通常使用冷却介质对刀具进行冷却和润滑。对于传统浇注切削液冷却方式,存在的主要问题包括冷却液压力较低、渗透能力较差,难以进入切削区域进行有效冷却,而且随着切削速度提高冷却效果显著降低,切削效率受到限制。因此,开发新型冷却结构刀具,增强冷却液在切削区的换热效率,对提高刀具切削性能、延长刀具寿命和保障加工质量具有重要意义,特别是对于钛合金、高温合金、高强钢、蠕墨铸铁等难加工材料零件的高效加工尤为重要。In order to reduce the adverse effect of excessive cutting temperature on the machining process and tool life, the tool is usually cooled and lubricated with a cooling medium. For the traditional casting cutting fluid cooling method, the main problems include low coolant pressure and poor penetration ability, it is difficult to enter the cutting area for effective cooling, and as the cutting speed increases, the cooling effect is significantly reduced, and the cutting efficiency is limited. Therefore, the development of a new type of cooling structure tool to enhance the heat transfer efficiency of the coolant in the cutting area is of great significance for improving the cutting performance of the tool, prolonging the tool life and ensuring the machining quality, especially for titanium alloys, superalloys, high-strength steels, and vermicular ink. Efficient machining of parts in difficult-to-machine materials such as cast iron is particularly important.
内冷钻头的应用使上述问题得到一定缓解。内冷钻头的特点是其内部有贯穿钻头柄部到钻尖的冷却孔,在钻削加工时将压缩空气、冷却液或冷却油通过内冷孔喷射到加工区域,以快速冷却加工表面和钻尖,降低刀具切削温度。内冷钻头相比常规钻头具有更优良的工作性能,可减少钻头高速加工时高温对钻头的损伤,延长其使用寿命。The application of the internal cooling drill bit alleviates the above problems to a certain extent. The feature of the internal cooling drill is that it has a cooling hole that runs through the shank of the drill bit to the drill tip. During drilling, compressed air, coolant or cooling oil is sprayed into the processing area through the internal cooling hole to quickly cool the machined surface and drill. sharp, reducing the cutting temperature of the tool. Compared with conventional drill bits, the internal cooling drill bit has better working performance, which can reduce the damage to the drill bit caused by high temperature during high-speed machining and prolong its service life.
目前应用的内冷钻头主要有中心单孔内冷钻、双冷却管式内冷钻和双螺旋孔内冷钻等类型,其中双螺旋孔内冷钻的加工效果较好。然而,目前应用的内冷钻头均存在一共性问题,即冷却液通过冷却孔由钻头柄部直接喷射到钻尖时,虽然对切削刃及钻尖区域起到一定冷却效果,但冷却液对钻头切削刃及钻尖部位的覆盖面及冷却液流量不足,冷却面分配不合理,且对刃沟处堆积的切屑没有足够的冲刷作用,排屑效果不理想。此外,目前内冷钻头的冷却通道截面多为规则圆形,且内冷通道尺寸缺乏设计依据,尚未充分发挥内冷却加工的技术优势。The currently used internal coolant drills mainly include central single hole internal coolant drill, double cooling tube internal coolant drill and double spiral hole internal coolant drill. Among them, the processing effect of double screw hole internal coolant drill is better. However, there is a common problem with the currently used internal cooling drill bits, that is, when the coolant is directly sprayed from the shank of the drill bit to the drill tip through the cooling hole, although it has a certain cooling effect on the cutting edge and the drill tip area, the coolant has a certain cooling effect on the drill bit. The coverage of the cutting edge and the drill tip and the flow of coolant are insufficient, the distribution of the cooling surface is unreasonable, and there is not enough scouring effect on the chips accumulated at the edge groove, and the chip removal effect is not ideal. In addition, the cross-section of the cooling channel of the current internal cooling drill is mostly regular circle, and the size of the internal cooling channel lacks design basis, and the technical advantages of the internal cooling process have not been fully utilized.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种带有内冷射流结构的刀具,冷却通道能够输送冷却液,冷却液由钻头钻尖处出口及侧面射流孔喷出,出口输出分散雾化后的冷却液能够对切削位置进行冷却、润滑,射流孔输出的冷却液射流能够切屑从钻头刃沟处冲出,从而满足冷却和润滑需求。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tool with an internal cooling jet structure in view of the defects of the prior art, the cooling channel can transport the cooling liquid, the cooling liquid is ejected from the outlet of the drill tip and the side jet holes, and the output of the outlet is dispersed The atomized coolant can cool and lubricate the cutting position, and the coolant jet output from the jet hole can flush the chips out of the drill bit groove, so as to meet the cooling and lubrication requirements.
一种带有内冷射流结构的刀具,采用以下方案:A tool with an internal cooling jet structure adopts the following scheme:
包括钻头,钻头内设有螺旋线状的冷却通道,冷却通道一端延伸至钻头钻尖作为出口;冷却通道通过钻头侧面预设的射流孔连通外部,靠近出口的冷却通道内设有收缩部,收缩部的径向截面积小于冷却通道其他区域的径向截面积,以使冷却液在出口位置雾化。It includes a drill bit, a helical cooling channel is arranged in the drill bit, and one end of the cooling channel extends to the drill tip as an outlet; the cooling channel communicates with the outside through the pre-set jet holes on the side of the drill bit, and the cooling channel close to the outlet is provided with a constriction part to shrink The radial cross-sectional area of the cooling channel is smaller than that of the other areas of the cooling channel, so that the cooling liquid is atomized at the outlet position.
进一步地,所述冷却通道的轨迹线与钻头的刃带轨迹线相同,冷却通道与钻头侧面保持间距。Further, the trajectory line of the cooling channel is the same as the land line trajectory line of the drill bit, and the cooling channel and the side surface of the drill bit are kept at a distance.
进一步地,所述冷却通道轨迹线与刃带轨迹线平行布置,沿钻头径向上,冷却通道的断面形状与钻头刃沟的断面形状为相似图形。Further, the locus of the cooling channel is arranged in parallel with the locus of the land, and along the radial direction of the drill bit, the cross-sectional shape of the cooling channel and the cross-sectional shape of the drill bit groove are similar figures.
进一步地,所述射流孔位于刃沟内,射流孔轴向一端连通冷却通道,另一端延伸至刃沟。Further, the jet hole is located in the blade groove, one end of the jet hole in the axial direction is connected to the cooling channel, and the other end extends to the blade groove.
进一步地,每个刃沟内均设置有射流孔,沿刃沟的延伸方向上,多个射流孔依次间隔布置。Further, each edge groove is provided with a jet hole, and along the extending direction of the edge groove, the plurality of jet holes are arranged at intervals in sequence.
进一步地,所述钻头内设有多条冷却通道,冷却通道与刃带一一对应布置。Further, the drill bit is provided with a plurality of cooling channels, and the cooling channels and the margins are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.
进一步地,所述收缩部与出口之间的冷却通道形成扩张段,收缩部与钻头钻柄之间的冷却通道形成输送段;沿钻头径向上,输送段的截面积大于扩张段的截面积。Further, the cooling passage between the constriction portion and the outlet forms an expansion section, and the cooling passage between the constriction portion and the drill shank forms a conveying section; in the radial direction of the drill bit, the cross-sectional area of the conveying section is larger than that of the expanding section.
进一步地,所述出口位于钻头钻尖的后面上,钻头轴线两侧的后面上均布置有出口。Further, the outlet is located on the rear of the drill tip of the drill bit, and outlets are arranged on the rear of both sides of the axis of the drill bit.
进一步地,所述钻头钻柄内设有直孔通道,直孔通道一端对接连通螺旋通道远离出口一端,直孔通道另一端延伸至钻头钻柄末端作为入口。Further, the drill shank is provided with a straight hole channel, one end of the straight hole channel is connected to one end of the spiral channel away from the outlet, and the other end of the straight hole channel extends to the end of the drill shank as an inlet.
进一步地,所述直孔通道与螺旋通道一一对应连通,多个直孔通道环绕钻头轴线间隔布置。Further, the straight hole passages are in one-to-one correspondence with the helical passages, and a plurality of straight hole passages are arranged at intervals around the axis of the drill bit.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的优点和积极效果是:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1)针对目前钻头刀具加工时冷却效果较差的问题,通过冷却通道输送冷却液,冷却液由钻头钻尖处出口及侧面射流孔喷出,出口输出分散雾化后的冷却液能够对切削位置进行冷却、润滑,射流孔输出的冷却液射流能够切屑从钻头刃沟处冲出,从而满足冷却和润滑需求。(1) In view of the problem of poor cooling effect in the current drill tool processing, the coolant is transported through the cooling channel, and the coolant is sprayed from the outlet of the drill tip and the side jet holes, and the dispersed and atomized coolant output from the outlet can be used for cutting Cooling and lubrication are carried out at the position, and the coolant jet output from the jet hole can flush the chips out of the groove of the drill bit, so as to meet the cooling and lubrication requirements.
(2)钻头设置有随形内冷螺旋线状冷却通道和位于刃沟内的射流孔,高压冷却液可分别到达钻头钻尖与刃沟处,对钻削区域起到良好的冷却和润滑作用,同时可将钻尖及刃沟处堆积的切屑及时排出,有助于减轻钻头磨损。(2) The drill is provided with a conformal internal cooling helical cooling channel and a jet hole located in the edge groove. The high-pressure coolant can reach the drill tip and the edge groove of the drill bit respectively, which has a good cooling and lubricating effect on the drilling area. At the same time, the chips accumulated at the drill tip and the groove can be discharged in time, which helps to reduce the wear of the drill bit.
(3)钻头内冷螺旋线状冷却通道的截面形状与刃沟截面形状相似,同时,冷却通道的轨迹线与钻头切削刃带的分布轨迹线及刃沟的分布轨迹线相同,能够提高冷却液对钻头切削刃及钻尖部位的冷却效果,冷却通道接近刃带和刃沟,能够从内部预先对刃带和刃沟进行降温,另外能够实现更为合理的冷却液流量分布。(3) The cross-sectional shape of the inner cooling helical cooling channel of the drill is similar to the cross-sectional shape of the groove. At the same time, the trajectory of the cooling channel is the same as the distribution trajectory of the cutting edge of the drill and the distribution trajectory of the groove, which can improve the cooling liquid. For the cooling effect of the cutting edge and the drill tip of the drill, the cooling channel is close to the land and the groove, which can cool the land and groove from the inside in advance, and can also achieve a more reasonable coolant flow distribution.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例1中钻头的外部结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the drill bit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例1中钻头内部冷却通道的分布示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of cooling channels inside the drill bit in Example 1 of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例1中钻头内部冷却通道扩张段的示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the expansion section of the cooling passage in the drill bit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例1中钻头钻尖的端面示意图。4 is a schematic view of the end face of the drill tip of the drill bit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例1中入口压力为20bar时冷却通道流体动力学仿真结果对比示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the fluid dynamics simulation results of the cooling channel when the inlet pressure is 20 bar in Example 1 of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例1中入口压力为30bar时冷却通道流体动力学仿真结果对比示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the fluid dynamics simulation results of the cooling channel when the inlet pressure is 30 bar in Example 1 of the present invention.
图7为本发明实施例1中射流孔流场分布规律结果对比示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the results of the distribution law of the jet hole flow field in Example 1 of the present invention.
图中,1、钻柄,2、钻头,3、刃沟,4、出口,5、直孔通道,6、冷却通道,7、直孔,8、直孔,9、直孔,10、直孔,11、直孔,12、收缩部,13、扩张段。In the figure, 1, drill shank, 2, drill bit, 3, edge groove, 4, outlet, 5, straight hole channel, 6, cooling channel, 7, straight hole, 8, straight hole, 9, straight hole, 10, straight Hole, 11, straight hole, 12, constriction, 13, expansion section.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本发明的一个典型实施例中,如图1-图7所示,给出一种带有内冷射流结构的刀具。In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1-7 , a tool with an internal cooling jet structure is provided.
如图1、图2所示带有内冷射流结构的刀具,用于对难加工材料进行钻削加工,尤其是带有双螺旋刃沟3的钻头2,内部设置冷却通道6作为随形内冷高压射流结构,钻削过程中高压冷却液由钻头2钻柄1直接注入内部冷却通道6,冷却液由钻尖处冷却通道6出口4及刃沟3处射流孔直孔喷出,起到冷却润滑和将切屑从钻头2刃沟3处冲出的作用,可延长钻头2寿命,提高加工质量,适合于高温合金、淬硬钢等难加工材料的高速高效钻削加工。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a tool with an internal cooling jet structure is used for drilling difficult-to-machine materials, especially the
如图1所示,带有内冷射流结构的刀具,主要包括钻头2钻柄1与钻头2主体,两部分为整体式结构,能够保证刀具刚度,有利于加工稳定性。As shown in Figure 1, a tool with an internal cooling jet structure mainly includes a
如图2所示,钻头2内设有螺旋线状的冷却通道6,冷却通道6一端延伸至钻头2钻尖作为出口4。冷却通道6可以设置为多条,布置在钻头2主体内,对应钻头2上的螺旋形刃沟3的数目,在布置有多条冷却通道6时,所有冷却通道6绕钻头2轴线环向间隔布置,且冷却通道6相离分布,每条冷却通道6均能够单独对钻头2进行冷却。As shown in FIG. 2 , the
冷却通道6通过钻头2侧面预设的射流孔连通外部,靠近出口4的冷却通道6内设有收缩部12,收缩部12的径向截面积小于冷却通道6其他区域的径向截面积,以使冷却液在出口4位置雾化。The cooling channel 6 communicates with the outside through the jet holes preset on the side of the
钻头2的钻柄1内设有直孔通道5,直孔通道5一端对接连通螺旋通道远离出口4一端,直孔通道5另一端延伸至钻头2钻柄1末端作为入口。The drill shank 1 of the
如图2所示,本实施例中,以钻头2内布置两条冷却通道6和两条直孔通道5为例,位于钻柄1内的两条直孔通道5相对于钻头2轴线对称布置,位于钻头2主体内的两条对称布置的冷却通道6,直孔通道5与螺旋通道一一对应连通,多个直孔通道5环绕钻头2轴线间隔布置。As shown in FIG. 2 , in this embodiment, taking the arrangement of two cooling channels 6 and two straight hole channels 5 in the
钻头2内冷却通道6与刃沟3的螺旋角及螺距一致,冷却通道6的轨迹线与钻头2的刃带轨迹线相同,冷却通道6与钻头2侧面保持间距,保证对钻头2端部切削刃和钻头2外壁刃带切削刃具有良好的冷却效果。The helix angle and pitch of the cooling channel 6 in the
在钻头2刃沟3处均布有与冷却通道6相通的直孔,该直孔作为输出冷却液形成射流的射流孔,冷却液经由冷却通道6由刃沟3处射流孔喷出,通过冷却液射流对刃沟3处切屑起到足够压力的冲刷作用。Straight holes communicated with the cooling channel 6 are evenly distributed at the
以双螺旋钻头2为例,对应布置两条冷却通道6,钻头2的两个冷却通道6对称设置在钻头2主体内靠近侧面的刃带切削刃处,射流孔位于刃沟3内,射流孔轴向一端连通冷却通道6,另一端延伸至刃沟3;每个刃沟3内均设置有射流孔,沿刃沟3的延伸方向上,多个射流孔依次间隔布置。Taking the double
可以理解的是,如图1所示,刃沟3处射流孔数目依据侧壁上刃带切削刃头数及螺距进行调节,可以配置直孔间距与刃沟3螺距相等。It can be understood that, as shown in FIG. 1 , the number of jet holes at the
如图2所示,头内设有多条冷却通道6,冷却通道6与刃带一一对应布置,内冷通道的外轮廓形状与钻头2切削刃及刃沟3形状相仿,冷却通道6轨迹线与刃带轨迹线平行布置,沿钻头2径向上,冷却通道6的断面形状与钻头2刃沟3的断面形状为相似图形,保证冷却液流量能够根据切削刃位置合理分布,充分发挥冷却润滑效果。As shown in Figure 2, there are a plurality of cooling channels 6 in the head, and the cooling channels 6 are arranged one-to-one with the land. The line and the margin trajectory line are arranged in parallel, along the radial direction of the
如图4所示,冷却通道6外边缘轮廓与钻头2主体外轮廓及刃沟3之间的距离a均为0.3倍钻头2半径(即R1),冷却通道6内边缘圆弧段圆心与钻头2中心距离同样为0.3倍钻头2半径,冷却通道6内边缘圆弧是通过对靠近刃沟3两侧的两曲线段进行倒圆角获得,其半径值R2约为钻头2半径的0.12倍。As shown in FIG. 4 , the distance a between the outer edge contour of the cooling channel 6 and the outer contour of the main body of the
收缩部12与出口4之间的冷却通道6形成扩张段13,收缩部12与钻头2钻柄1之间的冷却通道6形成输送段,作为如图2所示的内螺旋孔常规段;钻柄1作为钻头2直孔段;沿钻头2径向上,输送段的截面积大于扩张段13的截面积,收缩部12形成收缩段。The cooling channel 6 between the
具体的,在本实施例中,如图2、图3所示,钻头2冷却通道6包括常规段、收缩段和扩张段13三部分,其中靠近钻尖部位的冷却通道6收缩-扩张段13总长度为钻头2主体长度的1/8,冷却通道6收缩段与扩张段13长度之比为2:1,冷却通道6常规段横截面、收缩-扩张界面(即喉部)横截面、出口4处横截面(即冷却通道6钻尖出口4在钻头2轴向的投影面积)尺寸之比为7:5:6。Specifically, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , the cooling passage 6 of the
靠近钻头2钻尖部位的内冷通道收缩-扩张结构能够提高钻头2出口4冷却液的喷射速度并提高其雾化程度,以充分发挥冷却通道6的冷却及润滑效果;如图4所示,出口4位于钻头2钻尖的后面上,钻头2轴线两侧的后面上均布置有出口4。The contraction-expansion structure of the inner cooling channel near the drill tip of the
刃沟3处射流孔直径为钻头2主体部位直径的0.05-0.1倍,以兼顾钻头2整体强度和冷却液流量的双重需求。The diameter of the jet hole at the
如图1所示,钻头2的顶角角度α选取范围为120°-140°,具体角度值可根据被加工工件的材料属性进行确定,材料强度越高时可选取较大的顶角角度;选取不同顶角角度时可以改变钻削过程中轴向钻削力和径向钻削力分配比例,增强加工过程稳定性,保证钻头2具有足够的刚度和钻削稳定性。As shown in Figure 1, the selection range of the apex angle α of the
另外,在本实施例中,钻头2的螺旋角选取范围为20°-40°,具体角度可根据被加工工件的材料属性进行确定,高粘性难断屑材料加工时可适当选取较大的螺旋角。In addition, in this embodiment, the selection range of the helix angle of the
其中,钻头2整体采用超细晶粒硬质合金制造,表面涂覆TiAlN涂层,能够兼顾优异的刀具韧性、刀具高温强度和耐磨性,可实现难加工材料高效钻削,保证加工质量和钻头2寿命。Among them, the
钻头2的刃沟3表面粗糙度Ra=0.15,以减轻切屑与刃沟3表面的摩擦及钻头2刃沟3处的粘结磨损,并保证切屑顺利排出。The surface roughness of the
如图5、图6所示,以直孔作为射流孔,选取直孔7、直孔8、直孔9、直孔10、直孔11以及出口4进行流量和流速检测,对布置常规冷却通道6的钻头2与本实施例中的钻头2进行比对,其中对比的常规圆形截面内冷钻头2的冷却通道6横截面面积与本实施例中钻头2冷却通道6横截面面积相等。As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the straight hole is used as the jet hole, and the straight hole 7, the straight hole 8, the straight hole 9, the
图6和图5是在不同的冷却液入口压力条件下(以20bar和30bar为例),本实施例中钻头2和常规圆形截面内冷通道钻头2各个射流孔的冷却液流速对比,图中示出刃沟3内射流孔和钻尖部位的出口4位置的流速。结果表明,在相同的入口压力条件下,本实施例中各个射流孔及出口4的冷却液流速均高于常规圆形截面内冷钻头2,且冷却液流量更大,冷却液流速和流量最高可提高30%以上。Figures 6 and 5 are the comparison of the coolant flow rate of each jet hole of the
图7是在入口冷却液压力为20bar时,本实施例中钻头2和常规圆形截面内冷钻头2各出口4截面的冷却液流速分布规律,可见在各个冷却液出口4位置处,本实施例中钻头2的出口4冷却液流速均显著高于常规圆形截面内冷钻头2,而且靠近切削刃的冷却通道6外轮廓区域流速最高。Fig. 7 shows the distribution law of the cooling liquid flow velocity of each
综合上述结果,本实施例中在钻头2内布置冷却通道6可以为加工过程带来更好的冷却效果,且冷却效率更高,将有助于保证深孔难加工结构和难加工材料钻削的加工效率及表面质量。Based on the above results, the arrangement of the cooling channel 6 in the
相较于现有技术,本实施例的钻头2设置有随形冷却通道6和刃沟3处直孔,高压冷却液可分别到达钻尖与刃沟3处,对钻削区域起到良好的冷却和润滑作用,同时可将钻尖及刃沟3处堆积的切屑及时排出,有助于减轻钻头2磨损。Compared with the prior art, the
本实施例的钻头2冷却通道6截面形状为随形异形结构,内冷通道轮廓与钻头2切削刃及刃沟3轮廓呈相似形状,能够提高冷却液对钻头2切削刃及钻尖部位的冷却效果和实现更佳合理的冷却液流量分布。The cross-sectional shape of the cooling channel 6 of the
本实施例的钻头2结构简单,使用方便,钻头2的生产及加工制造成本较低,有利于进行大规模推广与应用。同时,本实施例中给出的冷却通道6、直孔通道5和射流孔结构还可以适用于整体式钻头2以及皇冠钻、铲钻等可换头式钻头2,并可扩展应用于其它旋转加工用刀具结构。The
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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