CN114932019B - Method for controlling expansion angle of rectangular jet flow - Google Patents
Method for controlling expansion angle of rectangular jet flow Download PDFInfo
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- CN114932019B CN114932019B CN202210875166.2A CN202210875166A CN114932019B CN 114932019 B CN114932019 B CN 114932019B CN 202210875166 A CN202210875166 A CN 202210875166A CN 114932019 B CN114932019 B CN 114932019B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
- B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
- B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
- B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for controlling the expansion angle of a rectangular jet, which comprises the following steps: a plurality of vortex generators are arranged on a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow; the divergence angle is reduced or increased by changing the mounting position of the vortex generator. According to the invention, the expansion angle of the rectangular jet flow can be reduced and increased according to the use requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of jet flow control, in particular to a method for controlling the expansion angle of a rectangular jet.
Background
When fluid is ejected from the nozzle to an infinite space, the flow is separated from the original limited environment, and the flow continues to spread in the space, and the flow is called jet flow. The jet flow is widely applied in the fields of aerospace engines, petrochemical injection pumps, farmland spray irrigation water jet, fire-fighting spray gun water jet, gas welding, gas cutting injection, metallurgical industry and the like.
A jet orifice is turbulent when its reynolds number (calculated in orifice dimensions and flow rate) is greater than 30, so the actual jet is generally turbulent. Due to the turbulent pulsation, the jet blends with the stationary fluid and the surrounding fluid is entrained by the jet fluid, a phenomenon known as entrainment. Due to entrainment and mixing of surrounding fluids, the jet cross section is continuously enlarged, the speed is reduced, and the flow is increased along the way. Over a considerable distance, the jet undergoes a process from developing to disappearing. The common feature of all jets is the occurrence of entrainment, cross-sectional expansion and central velocity decay. The angle between the outer jet boundary lines is called the jet divergence or spread angle (the relationship between the jet radius and throw).
In the field of engineering applications, the performance of the jet is closely related to the efficiency of the operation. The smaller the jet divergence angle, the smaller the degree of divergence, the more concentrated the jet energy, the further the jet throw, and the stronger the impact force of the jet on the target material. The greater the jet divergence angle, the greater the degree of divergence and the greater the ability to entrain the surrounding medium, i.e., have a greater ability to mix with the surrounding medium, such as is required for air conditioning systems. Therefore, the nozzle structure is optimized, the blending performance is improved, the expansion angle is controllable, the nozzle has deep scientific significance, and the nozzle has important guidance value for equipment research and development in the fields of aerospace, industry, agriculture and biomedicine.
The research work of optimizing the jet nozzle at home and abroad mainly focuses on the overall shape structure of the nozzle, such as a circular nozzle, an annular nozzle, a rectangular or square nozzle, a slotted nozzle (the rectangular nozzle with the length-width ratio larger than 10 belongs to the slotted nozzle or the plane nozzle), or a combination of the above different structures. The spout is selected according to the use requirements and characteristics in different application fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for controlling the expansion angle of a rectangular jet so as to realize the adjustability of the expansion angle of the rectangular jet, namely, the expansion angle of the rectangular jet can be reduced or increased according to the requirements.
The invention provides a method for controlling the divergence angle of a rectangular jet, which comprises the following steps:
a plurality of vortex generators are arranged on a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the divergence angle is reduced or increased by changing the mounting position of the vortex generator.
In some embodiments, the method of reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the mounting position of the vortex generators is:
when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, a plurality of vortex generators are arranged at the corner of a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
when the expansion angle needs to be increased, a plurality of vortex generators are arranged in the middle of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow.
In some embodiments, the vortex generators are installed in 8.
Further, the method for reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the installation position of the vortex generator is as follows:
when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, 2 vortex generators are arranged at each nozzle corner of the rectangular jet;
when the divergence angle needs to be increased, 2 vortex generators are installed in the middle of each jet of the rectangular jet.
In some embodiments, the vortex generators employ spoilers.
Further, the spoiler comprises a triangular spoiler, a rectangular spoiler or a polygonal spoiler.
In some embodiments, the vortex generator employs a turbulent fluid.
Further, the spoiler includes a triangular pyramid spoiler or a streamline spoiler.
In some embodiments, when the vortex generator employs a triangular pyramid to perturb the fluid, the dimensions of the vortex generator are as follows:
the downstream length c of the vortex generator satisfies: c is less than or equal to X, wherein X is the nozzle depth of the rectangular jet flow;
the width d of the vortex generator satisfies: d is more than or equal to 0.03Y and less than or equal to 0.1Y, wherein Y is the side length of the short side of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the thickness t of the vortex generator meets the requirement that t is more than or equal to 0.1d and less than or equal to 0.2d.
In some embodiments, the vortex generators are mounted in the following positions:
when the vortex generator is arranged at the corner of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow, the distance between the vortex generator and the adjacent side wall of the rectangular jet flow nozzle is L, and L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d;
when the vortex generators are arranged in the middle of the rectangular jet nozzle, the distance between the two vortex generators is also L, and L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the use requirements, the expansion angle of the rectangular jet flow can be reduced, and the expansion angle of the rectangular jet flow can be increased;
2. the invention does not change the whole appearance of the original rectangular jet nozzle, and only adds 8 vortex generators at the corner of the rectangular jet nozzle or in the middle of the rectangular jet nozzle, thereby not only maintaining the favorable application characteristic of the original nozzle to the application problem of the original engineering, but also playing the effective control role of a flow guide unit to the expansion angle;
3. the vortex generator of the spoiler or the turbulent fluid has simple appearance, convenient installation and flexible adjustment;
4. the vortex generators are fewer in number and have little influence on jet noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of controlling the divergence angle of a rectangular jet in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of vortex generators mounted at the corners of the rectangular jet nozzle in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of vortex generators arranged in the middle of a nozzle of a rectangular jet according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional view (upper left in the figure: side view; lower left in the figure: top view; upper right in the figure: front view) of a triangular pyramid vortex generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5a is a velocity cloud plot of a horizontal cross-section of a rectangular jet with no vortex generators mounted at the corners of the jet in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5b is a velocity cloud with a rectangular jet horizontal cross-section of a vortex generator mounted at the corner of the nozzle in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6a is a velocity cloud plot of a rectangular jet horizontal cross-section with no vortex generators mounted at the corners of the jet in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6b is a velocity cloud with a rectangular jet horizontal cross-section of a vortex generator mounted at the corner of the nozzle in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a method of controlling the divergence angle of a rectangular jet, comprising:
a plurality of vortex generators are arranged on a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the divergence angle is reduced or increased by changing the mounting position of the vortex generator.
In this embodiment, the method for reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the installation position of the vortex generator is as follows:
when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, a plurality of vortex generators are arranged at the corner of a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow as shown in figure 2;
when the divergence angle needs to be increased, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of vortex generators are installed in the middle of the nozzle orifice of the rectangular jet flow.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, 8 vortex generators can be installed. Thus, the method of reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the mounting position of the vortex generator is:
when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, 2 vortex generators are installed at each nozzle corner of the rectangular jet;
when the divergence angle needs to be increased, 2 vortex generators are installed in the middle of each jet of the rectangular jet.
The shape of the vortex generator in this embodiment is not limited. The vortex generator may employ a spoiler having a certain thickness, such as a triangular spoiler, a rectangular spoiler, or a polygonal spoiler, etc., which is shown as a rectangular spoiler in fig. 2 and 3. The vortex generator may also employ a turbulent fluid, such as a triangular pyramid or a streamlined turbulent fluid, or the like.
As shown in fig. 4, taking a triangular pyramid as an example to illustrate the external dimensions and the installation position of the vortex generator in the present embodiment, specifically:
(1) The vortex generators were dimensioned as follows:
the downstream length c of the vortex generator satisfies: c is less than or equal to X, wherein X is the nozzle depth of the rectangular jet flow;
the width d of the vortex generator satisfies: d is more than or equal to 0.03Y and less than or equal to 0.1Y, and as shown in figure 2, Y is the side length of the short side of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the thickness t of the vortex generator meets the requirement that t is more than or equal to 0.1d and less than or equal to 0.2d.
(2) The vortex generators are installed at the following positions:
when the vortex generator is arranged at the corner of the rectangular jet nozzle, the distance between the vortex generator and the adjacent side wall of the rectangular jet nozzle is L, and as shown in FIG. 2, L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d;
when the vortex generators are arranged in the middle of the rectangular jet nozzle, the distance between the two vortex generators is L, and as shown in FIG. 3, L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d.
Example (a):
the physical mechanism of the vortex generator for controlling the jet divergence angle is researched by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and a speed cloud chart of a horizontal section of the jet is shown in fig. 5a and 5 b; fig. 6a and 6b are velocity clouds (black boxes in the figure are nozzles) of horizontal cross-section of the jet. Due to entrainment and mixing of surrounding fluids, the jet velocity is reduced and the jet cross section is continuously enlarged. All the jet flows have the characteristics of entrainment and section expansion. It can be seen from fig. 5a that the jet flow spreads to both sides with a wider amplitude without the vortex generators, but after the vortex generators are installed at the nozzle corners of the rectangular jet flow, it can be seen from fig. 6b that the strong vortex structures generated by the vortex generators at the nozzle corners attract the turbulent kinetic energy from the middle part of the shear layer to both side corners, thereby suppressing the expansion of the shear layer in the middle part, and compared with fig. 6a, the shear layer in the middle part of the periphery of 4 sides of the nozzle becomes significantly thinner. Comparing fig. 5b and 5a, it can be seen that the jet divergence angle is significantly reduced after the vortex generators are installed at the nozzle corners. Similarly, when the vortex generator is installed in the middle of the nozzle, the suction mechanism of the vortex generator will enlarge the shear layer in the middle of the nozzle, so that the jet divergence angle is increased.
From the above, the present invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the use requirements, the expansion angle of the rectangular jet flow can be reduced, and the expansion angle of the rectangular jet flow can be increased;
2. the invention does not change the overall appearance of the original rectangular jet nozzle, and only adds 8 vortex generators at the corner or the middle of the rectangular jet nozzle, thereby not only maintaining the favorable application characteristic of the original nozzle to the application problem of the original engineering, but also playing the effective control role of the diversion unit to the expansion angle;
3. the vortex generator of the spoiler or the turbulent fluid has simple appearance, convenient installation and flexible adjustment;
4. the vortex generators are fewer in number and have little influence on jet noise.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method of controlling the divergence angle of a rectangular jet, the method comprising:
a plurality of vortex generators are arranged on the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the mounting position of the vortex generator;
the method for reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the installation position of the vortex generator is as follows:
when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, a plurality of vortex generators are arranged at the corner of a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
when the expansion angle needs to be increased, a plurality of vortex generators are arranged in the middle of a nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the vortex generators are arranged in 8 numbers; the method for reducing or increasing the divergence angle by changing the installation position of the vortex generator is as follows: when the divergence angle needs to be reduced, 2 vortex generators are installed at each nozzle corner of the rectangular jet; when the divergence angle needs to be increased, 2 vortex generators are arranged in the middle of each nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the vortex generator adopts a spoiler or a spoiler; the spoilers comprise triangular spoilers, rectangular spoilers or polygonal spoilers; the turbulent body comprises triangular pyramid turbulent fluid or streamline turbulent fluid;
when the vortex generator adopts a triangular pyramid to disturb fluid, the dimensions of the vortex generator are as follows:
the downstream length c of the vortex generator satisfies: c is less than or equal to C, wherein C is the nozzle depth of the rectangular jet flow;
the width d of the vortex generator satisfies: d is more than or equal to 0.03D and less than or equal to 0.1D, wherein D is the side length of the short side of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow;
the thickness t of the vortex generator is satisfied, and t is more than or equal to 0.1d and less than or equal to 0.2d;
the vortex generators are mounted in the following positions:
when the vortex generator is arranged at the corner of the nozzle of the rectangular jet flow, the distance between the vortex generator and the adjacent side wall of the rectangular jet flow nozzle is L, and L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d;
when the vortex generators are arranged in the middle of the rectangular jet nozzle, the distance between the two vortex generators is also L, and L is more than or equal to 0.5d and less than or equal to d.
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| CN202210875166.2A CN114932019B (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Method for controlling expansion angle of rectangular jet flow |
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| CN202210875166.2A CN114932019B (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Method for controlling expansion angle of rectangular jet flow |
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| CN114932019B true CN114932019B (en) | 2022-11-01 |
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| CN114932019A (en) | 2022-08-23 |
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