CN114931004A - Comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness and red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method - Google Patents
Comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness and red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness and a red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method. The method comprehensively evaluates the red soil dry land acidification index by combining the pH value, the Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) and the calcium-aluminum ratio (Ca/Al) of the red soil dry land; comprehensively evaluating the red soil dry land impoverishment index by combining the red soil dry land organic matter (SOM) concentration, Total Nitrogen (TN) concentration, Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration, total potassium (TK) concentration, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN) concentration, Available Phosphorus (AP) concentration and quick-acting potassium (AK) concentration; the combined acidification index and barrenness index results rank the acidification and barrenness of the red soil dry land. The invention carries out targeted improvement on the red soil dry land according to the grading result and has good improvement effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness and a red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method.
Background
The red soil is a product of interaction of the biological enrichment and desiliconization, iron-rich and aluminizing weathering processes with vigorous biological climate in the middle and subtropical regions, is an important agricultural product production area, and is low in natural fertility due to long-term strong leaching and weathering. In recent years, due to the large amount and unreasonable application of chemical fertilizers, soil degradation, particularly acidification and barrenness phenomena are intensified, and the phenomena of poor soil structure, poor tiltability, enhanced bioavailability of heavy metals, reduced crop yield and quality and the like caused by the phenomena are serious.
The characteristics of acidification and barrenness are different, and the evaluation of soil acidification and barrenness in the prior art is usually considered independently, for example, the soil pH value is taken as a criterion to divide the acidification degree; and (4) diagnosing soil impoverishment by adopting a single index or a comprehensive index method according to the soil nutrient indexes. In fact, the acidification and the barrenness of the soil are mutually related, particularly on red soil dry land, the decomposition and turnover speed of organic matters is high, the contents of kaolinite and iron-aluminum oxide are high, the risk of acidification and barrenness is higher, and the targeted improvement on the basis of comprehensive evaluation of the two is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness and a red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the red soil dry land acidification index according to formula 1:
wherein AI is red soil dry land acidification index, A pH Is pH value, A 'of red soil dry land' pH Is the pH value reference value of red soil dry land, A ANC Is acid neutralization capacity, A 'of red soil dry land' ANC Is the acid neutralization capacity reference value of red soil dry land, A Ca/Al Is red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum ratio, A' Ca/Al Is the red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum reference value;
calculating the red soil dry land impoverishment index according to the formula 2:
wherein PI is red soil dry land barrenness index, C SOM Is organic matter concentration C 'in red soil dry land' SOM Is the reference value of the concentration of organic matters in the red soil dry land, C TN Is total nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TN Is reference value of total nitrogen concentration in red soil dry land, C TP Is total phosphorus concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' TP Is a reference value of total phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C TK Is total potassium concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TK Is the reference value of total potassium concentration in red soil dry land, C AN Is alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' AN Is the reference value of the concentration of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the red soil dry land, C AP Is the effective phosphorus concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AP Is the reference value of the effective phosphorus concentration in the dry land of red soil, C AK Is quick-acting potassium concentration C 'in red soil dry land' AK Is the reference value of the concentration of the quick-acting potassium in the red soil dry land;
determining the comprehensive grade of the red soil dry land according to the AI value and the PI value according to the table 1:
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation index for red soil dry land acidification and barren
Preferably, A' pH Is 6.5, A' ANC Is 60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al Is 9.3;
C' SOM is 12.5g/kg, C' TN Is 1.0g/kg, C' TP Is 0.59g/kg, C' TK Is 16g/kg, C' AN Is 105mg/kg, C' AP Is 7.5mg/kg, C' AK It was 80 mg/kg.
The invention also provides a red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method, which carries out comprehensive evaluation on the red soil dry land according to the technical scheme;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is grade 2 or grade 3, turning and pressing the straws to return to the field;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is level 4, reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer or increasing the application of nitrification inhibitor;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 5-grade or 6-grade, the organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied in a matched manner;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 7 grades, applying an alkaline conditioner;
and when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 8-grade or 9-grade, applying an alkaline conditioner and additionally applying an organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the straws comprise corn straws, rice straws, peanut straws, soybean straws or rape straws;
the straw turnover amount of the straw turnover returning is 3-18 t/ha.
Preferably, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea, an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or an ammonium compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied is reduced to 5-20% of the nitrogen applied in conventional fertilization; the conventional nitrogen application amount is the pure nitrogen content of conventional fertilization, and the conventional fertilization is the average level of the fertilization amount of locally planted crops.
Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, dicyandiamide or 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate;
when the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor is 0.5-1% of the amount of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilization;
when the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor is increased to 5-10% of the amount of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilization;
when the nitrification inhibitor is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor added is 5-10% of the amount of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilization.
Preferably, the proportion of organic nitrogen in the organic-inorganic fertilizer is 20-60% and the proportion of chemical nitrogen fertilizer is 40-80% calculated by the pure nitrogen content of the fertilizer.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, a biological organic fertilizer or a commercial organic fertilizer;
when the organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, the amount of the applied organic fertilizer is 7.5-45 t/ha;
when the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer or a commercial organic fertilizer, the amount of the applied organic fertilizer is 3-7.5 t/ha;
preferably, the alkaline soil conditioner comprises quicklime, limestone, light calcined powder, hydroxyapatite or bone meal; the application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner is 0.75-2.25 t/ha.
The invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness, which comprises the following steps: calculating the red soil dry land acidification index according to formula 1:
wherein AI is red soil dry land acidification index, A pH Is the pH value of red soil dry land, A' pH Is the pH value reference value of red soil dry land, A ANC Is acid neutralization capacity of red soil dry land, A' ANC Is the acid neutralization capacity reference value of red soil dry land, A Ca/Al Is red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum ratio, A' Ca/Al Is the red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum reference value;
calculating the red soil dry land barrenness index according to the formula 2:
wherein PI is red soil dry land barrenness index, C SOM Is organic matter concentration C 'in red soil dry land' SOM Is the reference value of the concentration of organic matters in the red soil dry land, C TN Is total nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TN Is reference value of total nitrogen concentration in red soil dry land, C TP Is total phosphorus concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TP Is a reference value of total phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C TK Is total potassium concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TK Is the reference value of total potassium concentration in red soil dry land, C AN Is alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' AN Is the reference value of the concentration of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the red soil dry land, C AP Is the effective phosphorus concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AP Is a reference value of effective phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C AK Is quick-acting potassium concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AK Is the reference value of the concentration of the quick-acting potassium in the red soil dry land;
and (4) determining the comprehensive grade of the red soil dry land according to the comprehensive AI value and the PI value in the table 1.
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation index for red soil dry land acidification and barren
The method comprehensively evaluates the red soil dry land acidification index by combining the pH value, the Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC) and the calcium-aluminum ratio (Ca/Al) of the red soil dry land; comprehensively evaluating the red soil dry land impoverishment index by combining the red soil dry land organic matter (SOM) concentration, Total Nitrogen (TN) concentration, Total Phosphorus (TP) concentration, total potassium (TK) concentration, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN) concentration, Available Phosphorus (AP) concentration and quick-acting potassium (AK) concentration; and (4) grading the acidification and the barrenness of the red soil dry land by combining the results of the red soil dry land acidification index and the barrenness index. The invention carries out targeted improvement on the red soil dry land according to the grading result, so that the red soil dry land has good improvement effect.
Detailed Description
For the clear understanding of the present invention, the parameters, symbols of the parameters and meanings of the parameters involved in the evaluation method of the present invention will be explained as shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 parameter description of comprehensive evaluation method of red soil acidification barrenness
Note: the numerical value of the detection parameter of the red soil is preferably the detection result of the soil with the depth of 0-20 cm; the red soil is dry land red soil;
document 1: the study of representing the acid neutralization capacity of soil by using quadratic curve fitting [ J ]. agricultural environmental science, 2013,32(01): 29-35;
document 2: zhou Shi Wei, red soil acidification characteristics under long-term fertilization and acid damage threshold value [ D ] of main crops, national academy of agricultural sciences, 2017.
The invention provides a comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness, which comprises the following steps:
calculating the red soil dry land acidification index according to the formula 1:
wherein AI is red soil dry land acidification index, A pH Is pH value, A 'of red soil dry land' pH Is the pH value reference value of red soil dry land, A ANC Is acid neutralization capacity of red soil dry land, A' ANC Is the acid neutralization capacity reference value of red soil dry land, A Ca/Al Is red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum ratio, A' Ca/Al Is the red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum reference value;
calculating the red soil dry land barrenness index according to the formula 2:
wherein PI is red soil dry land barrenness index, C SOM Is organic matter concentration C 'in red soil dry land' SOM Is the reference value of the concentration of organic matters in the red soil dry land, C TN Is total nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TN Is reference value of total nitrogen concentration in red soil dry land, C TP Is total phosphorus concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TP Is a reference value of total phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C TK Is total potassium concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TK Is the reference value of total potassium concentration in red soil dry land, C AN Is the concentration of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, C 'in the red soil dry land' AN Is the reference value of the concentration of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the red soil dry land, C AP Is the effective phosphorus concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AP Is a reference value of effective phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C AK Is quick-acting potassium concentration C 'in red soil dry land' AK Is the reference value of the concentration of the quick-acting potassium in the red soil dry land;
and (4) determining the comprehensive grade of the red soil dry land according to the comprehensive AI value and the PI value in the table 1.
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation index for red soil dry land acidification and barren
In the present invention, said A' ANC Preferably the acid neutralization capacity when the initial pH value of the red soil dry land is reduced to 3.5. In the present invention, A' pH Preferably 6.5, A' ANC Preferably 60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al Preferably 9.3. In the invention, the reference values of the red soil dry land pH value reference value, the acid neutralization capacity reference value and the exchangeable calcium/aluminum ratio are preferably values which determine that the soil is acid soil according to corresponding parameters.
In the present invention, it should be noted that, for the evaluation of red soil dry land acidification, because red soil dry land has buffering property, the pH value of the soil is not necessarily changed by hydrogen ions generated inside the red soil dry land and inputted from outside, and the red soil dry land acidification is not necessarily accompanied by the decrease of the pH of the red soil dry land, so that there is a limitation to measure the change of the acidity of the red soil dry land simply by the pH. A number of studies have defined soil acidification as a reduction in soil Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC), i.e. the difference of alkaline components minus strongly acidic components, which is a better indicator of soil acidification than pH. In addition, the soil exchangeable calcium and exchangeable aluminum jointly drive the crop yield-pH response relation, and the ratio of the exchangeable calcium to the exchangeable aluminum is the most sensitive index for evaluating the acidification effect and improving the improvement effect. Therefore, the soil acidification degree can be more accurately reflected by comprehensively considering the pH value, the ANC and the exchangeable calcium-aluminum ratio of the soil.
In the present invention, C' SOM Preferably 12.5g/kg, C' TN Preferably 1.0g/kg, C' TP Preferably 0.59g/kg, C' TK Preferably 16g/kg, C' AN Preferably 105mg/kg, C' AP Preferably 7.5mg/kg, C' AK Preferably 80 mg/kg.
In the invention, the red soil dry land organic matter concentration reference value, the red soil dry land total nitrogen concentration reference value, the red soil dry land total phosphorus concentration reference value, the red soil dry land total potassium concentration reference value, the red soil dry land alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen concentration reference value, the red soil dry land effective phosphorus concentration reference value and the red soil dry land quick-acting potassium concentration reference value are preferably determined by referring to the soil fertility diagnosis and evaluation of the cultivated land in southern areas NY/T1749-2009.
The invention can comprehensively evaluate the acidification impoverishment degree of the red soil dry land according to the table 1.
The invention also provides a red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method, and the red soil dry land is comprehensively evaluated according to the evaluation method of the technical scheme;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is grade 2 or grade 3, the straws are turned over and pressed and returned to the field;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is level 4, reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer or increasing the application of nitrification inhibitor;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 5-grade or 6-grade, the organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied in a matched manner;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 7 grades, applying an alkaline conditioner;
and when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 8-grade or 9-grade, applying an alkaline conditioner and additionally applying an organic fertilizer.
In the present invention, the improvement method is based on conventional fertilization, which is an average level of the amount of fertilizer applied to locally planted crops. In the present invention, the conventional fertilization is preferably performed with a nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer preferably includes an elemental fertilizer, a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer.
In the invention, when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 2-grade or 3-grade, the straws are turned over and pressed and returned to the field. In the present invention, the stalks preferably include corn stalks, rice stalks, peanut stalks, soybean stalks or rape stalks, more preferably corn stalks; the preferable pressure-turning amount of the straw for pressure-turning returning is 3-18 t/ha, and the more preferable pressure-turning amount is 6-10 t/ha.
In the invention, when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is level 4, the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a reduced way or the nitrification inhibitor is applied in an increased way. In the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer preferably comprises urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer or ammonium compound fertilizer, more preferably urea; the application reducing amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 5-20% of the nitrogen amount of conventional fertilization, and more preferably 10-15%. In the invention, the nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization is the pure nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization, and the conventional fertilization is the average level of the fertilization amount of the local planted crops.
In the present invention, the nitrification inhibitor preferably includes 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine (Nitrapyrin), dicyandiamide (DCD) or 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and more preferably 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine. In the invention, when the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor added is preferably 0.5-1% of the content of normal fertilization pure nitrogen, and more preferably 0.6-0.8%; when the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor added is preferably 5-10% of the pure nitrogen content of the conventional fertilizer application, and more preferably 6-8%; when the nitrification inhibitor is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor added is preferably 5-10% of the content of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilizer application, and more preferably 6-7%. In the present invention, the conventional fertilization is an average level of the amount of fertilizer applied to the locally planted crop.
In the invention, when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 5-grade or 6-grade, the organic and inorganic fertilizer is applied. In the invention, the organic and inorganic fertilizers are matched according to a certain proportion. In the invention, the dosage of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer is calculated by the total nitrogen of the conventional fertilizer, and the proportion of the organic nitrogen in the total nitrogen is preferably 20-60%, more preferably 30-50%; the proportion of the inorganic nitrogen in the total nitrogen is preferably 40-80%, and more preferably 50-70%. In the present invention, the organic nitrogen is nitrogen organically bound to the organic fertilizer, and the inorganic nitrogen is nitrogen contained in an inorganic fertilizer. In the invention, the total content of the organic nitrogen and the inorganic nitrogen is the total nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization fertilizer.
In the present invention, the organic fertilizer preferably includes farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer, and more preferably farmyard manure or bio-organic fertilizer. In the present invention, the farmyard manure preferably comprises compost, retted manure, biogas manure or green manure, more preferably compost or biogas manure. In the present invention, the compost preferably includes compost fermented and matured by pig manure. In the invention, the biological organic fertilizer is preferably prepared by taking livestock and poultry manure as a raw material. In the invention, the inorganic fertilizer is a nitrogenous fertilizer, and the nitrogenous fertilizer preferably comprises an elemental fertilizer, a compound fertilizer and a compound fertilizer, and more preferably is a compound fertilizer.
In the present invention, when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is grade 7, the alkaline conditioner is applied. In the present invention, the alkaline soil conditioner preferably comprises quicklime, limestone, calcined soda, hydroxyapatite or bone meal, more preferably quicklime or calcined soda.
In the invention, the application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner is preferably 0.75-2.25 t/ha, and more preferably 1.1-1.5 t/ha.
In the invention, when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 8-grade or 9-grade, the alkaline conditioner is applied and the organic fertilizer is additionally applied. In the present invention, the alkaline soil conditioner is preferably applied with a lime-based alkaline material. In the present invention, the lime-based alkaline material preferably includes quicklime, limestone, light burned powder, hydroxyapatite or bone powder, more preferably quicklime, light burned powder or bone powder, and most preferably quicklime. In the invention, the application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner is preferably 0.75-2.25 t/ha, and more preferably 1.1-1.5 t/ha.
In the present invention, the organic fertilizer preferably comprises a farmyard manure, a bio-organic fertilizer or a commercial organic fertilizer, and more preferably is a farmyard manure. In the present invention, said farmyard manure preferably comprises compost, retting, manure, biogas manure or green manure, more preferably compost or biogas manure. In the present invention, the compost preferably includes compost fermented and decomposed by pig manure. In the invention, when the organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, the application amount of the additional application organic fertilizer is preferably 7.5-45 t/ha, and more preferably 15-30 t/ha; when the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer or a commercial organic fertilizer, the amount of the additionally applied organic fertilizer is preferably 3-7.5 t/ha, and more preferably 4-6 t/ha.
The sequence of applying the alkaline conditioner and increasing the organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the conventional sequence in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the time for improving the red soil dry land is preferably 3 to 10 years, and more preferably 3 to 5 years.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking soil collected from newly-formed county, Mongolia, town, bridge and village as an example, the detection depth is 0-20 cm, and the result is A pH ＝7.28，A ANC ＝85.2mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A Ca/Al 26.4; reference values, A 'for the acidification parameters were determined according to documents 1 and 2' pH ＝6.5，A' ANC ＝60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al ＝9.3；
The acidification index was calculated according to formula 1:
the soil sample impoverishment parameter of the plough layer with the detection depth of 0-20 cm is C SOM ＝10.5g/kg，C TN ＝0.95g/kg，C TP ＝0.55g/kg，C TK ＝10.5g/kg，C AN ＝70.2mg/kg，C AP ＝2.2mg/kg，C AK 94 mg/kg; determining a reference value, C ', of the barren parameter according to NY/T1749-200' SOM ＝12.5g/kg，C' TN ＝1.0g/kg，C' TP ＝0.59g/kg，C' TK ＝16g/kg，C' AN ＝105mg/kg，C' AP ＝7.5mg/kg，C' AK ＝80mg/kg；
The calculation formula for calculating the barrenness index according to equation 2 is:
the soil sample was determined to have a comprehensive rating according to table 1 of: the acid-free part is lean, and the grade is grade 2;
according to the comprehensive evaluation level, the corn is planted by adopting a pot experiment, and the corn stalks are crushed and pressed (the conversion is 7.5t/ha) on the basis of conventional fertilization on the soil.
Taking no straw addition (conventional fertilization only) as a control;
and (3) detecting acidification parameters and barrenness parameters of the red soil dry land with the improved soil and the control soil depth of 0-20 cm after the corns in the season are ripe, and obtaining results shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 improved and control soil acidification barrenness parameters
It can be seen from table 1 and table 3 that the soil after improvement has a comprehensive evaluation result of grade 1, and has a better improvement effect than the control soil.
Example 2
Taking a red soil dry land pig manure environment risk positioning test field positioned in Yueyang as an example, the detection depth is 0-20 cm plough layer soil sample acidification parameters, and the result is A pH ＝5.8，A ANC ＝53mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A Ca/Al 6.0; reference values, A 'for the acidification parameters were determined according to documents 1 and 2' pH ＝6.5，A' ANC ＝60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al ＝9.3；
The acidification index was calculated according to formula 1:
the soil sample impoverishment parameter of the plough layer with the detection depth of 0-20 cm is C SOM ＝6.5g/kg，C TN ＝0.52g/kg，C TP ＝0.31g/kg，C TK ＝10.5g/kg，C AN ＝42mg/kg，C AP ＝0.6mg/kg，C AK 92 mg/kg; determining a reference value, C ', of the barren parameter according to NY/T1749-200' SOM ＝12.5g/kg，C' TN ＝1.0g/kg，C' TP ＝0.59g/kg，C' TK ＝16g/kg，C' AN ＝105mg/kg，C' AP ＝7.5mg/kg，C' AK ＝80mg/kg；
The calculation formula for calculating the barrenness index according to equation 2 is:
the soil sample was determined to have a comprehensive rating according to table 1 of: the grade is 6 grade compared with acid and thin;
according to comprehensive evaluation grades, on the basis of the total nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization, pig manure compost (compost decomposed by fermentation of pig manure) (the nitrogen content of the pig manure compost accounts for 30 percent of the total nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization) and compound fertilizer (the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer accounts for 70 percent of the total nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization) are applied to the soil, and the soil is continuously improved for 8 years.
Taking no pig manure compost (conventional fertilization) as a control;
and after 8 years, detecting the acidification parameters and the barrenness parameters of the red soil dry land with the improved soil and the control soil depth of 0-20 cm, and obtaining the results shown in the table 4.
TABLE 4 improved and control soil acidification barrenness parameters
| Parameter(s) | Improving soil | Control soil |
| A ANC (mmolH + ·kg -1 ) | 55.1 | 45.3 |
| A pH | 6.5 | 6.0 |
| A Ca/Al | 15.8 | 8.1 |
| AI | 1.26 | 0.85 |
| C SOM (g/kg) | 10.9 | 7.2 |
| C TN (g/kg) | 1.32 | 0.9 |
| C TP (g/kg) | 0.68 | 0.5 |
| C TK (g/kg) | 12.8 | 13.2 |
| C AN (mg/kg) | 86.1 | 46.7 |
| C AP (mg/kg) | 31.9 | 2.1 |
| C AK (mg/kg) | 168.0 | 104.7 |
| PI | 1.99 | 0.80 |
As can be seen from table 1 and table 4, the soil after improvement has a comprehensive evaluation result of grade 1, and has a better improvement effect than the control soil.
Example 3
Taking the low-yield red soil dry land improvement positioning test field positioned in Yueyang as an example, the detection depth is 0-20 cm of plough layer soil sample acidification parameter, and the result is A pH ＝5.5，A ANC ＝45mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A Ca/Al 7.5; reference values, A 'for the acidification parameters were determined according to documents 1 and 2' pH ＝6.5，A' ANC ＝60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al ＝9.3；
The acidification index was calculated according to formula 1:
the soil sample impoverishment parameter of the plough layer with the detection depth of 0-20 cm is C SOM ＝6.8g/kg，C TN ＝0.98g/kg，C TP ＝0.35g/kg，C TK ＝12g/kg，C AN ＝106mg/kg，C AP ＝2.4mg/kg，C AK 104 mg/kg; determination of the reference value of the barrenness parameter, C 'according to NY/T1749-2009' SOM ＝12.5g/kg，C' TN ＝1.0g/kg，C' TP ＝0.59g/kg，C' TK ＝16g/kg，C' AN ＝105mg/kg，C' AP ＝7.5mg/kg，C' AK ＝80mg/kg；
The calculation formula of the denudation index according to the formula 2 is as follows:
the soil sample was determined to have a comprehensive rating according to table 1 as: is slightly leaner than acid, and the grade is 5 grade;
according to comprehensive evaluation grades, the soil is applied with a bio-organic fertilizer (the nitrogen content of the bio-organic fertilizer accounts for 40% of the total nitrogen content) and a compound fertilizer (the nitrogen content of the compound fertilizer accounts for 60% of the total nitrogen content of the conventional fertilization) which are prepared by taking livestock and poultry manure as a raw material, and is continuously improved for 6 years.
Taking no biological organic fertilizer (conventional fertilization) as a control;
and after 6 years, detecting the acidification parameters and the barrenness parameters of the red soil dry land with the improved soil and the control soil depth of 0-20 cm, and obtaining the results shown in the table 5.
TABLE 5 improved and control soil acidification barrenness parameters
| Parameter(s) | Improving soil | Control soil |
| A ANC (mmolH + ·kg -1 ) | 58.0 | 42.0 |
| A pH | 5.9 | 5.3 |
| A Ca/Al | 14 | 4.5 |
| AI | 1.17 | 0.68 |
| C SOM (g/kg) | 8.5 | 8.2 |
| C TN (g/kg) | 0.95 | 0.85 |
| C TP (g/kg) | 0.44 | 0.40 |
| C TK (g/kg) | 11.9 | 11.5 |
| C AN (mg/kg) | 56.3 | 46.0 |
| C AP (mg/kg) | 14.8 | 4.8 |
| C AK (mg/kg) | 154.3 | 119.2 |
| PI | 1.22 | 0.84 |
The results of the comprehensive evaluation of the soil after improvement were 1 grade and showed good improvement effects, as shown in tables 1 and 5.
Example 4
Taking red soil dry land of Liuyang Gugang as an example, the detection depth is 0-20 cm, and the result is A pH ＝5.14，A ANC ＝38mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A Ca/Al 3.4; reference values, A 'for the acidification parameters were determined according to documents 1 and 2' pH ＝6.5，A' ANC ＝60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al ＝9.3；
The acidification index was calculated according to formula 1:
the soil sample impoverishment parameter of the plough layer with the detection depth of 0-20 cm is C SOM ＝7.6g/kg，C TN ＝0.69g/kg，C TP ＝0.35g/kg，C TK ＝15.8g/kg，C AN ＝57mg/kg，C AP ＝0.3mg/kg，C AK 90 mg/kg; determination of the reference value of the barrenness parameter, C 'according to NY/T1749-2009' SOM ＝12.5g/kg，C' TN ＝1.0g/kg，C' TP ＝0.59g/kg，C' TK ＝16g/kg，C' AN ＝105mg/kg，C' AP ＝7.5mg/kg，C' AK ＝80mg/kg；
The calculation formula for calculating the barrenness index according to equation 2 is:
the soil sample was determined to have a comprehensive rating according to table 1 of: the strong acid is thin and the grade is 9;
according to the comprehensive evaluation grade, applying pig manure compost (compost decomposed by pig manure) (reduced to 15t/ha) and applying quick lime (1.1t/ha) to the soil by adopting a pot experiment;
taking conventional fertilization without additionally applying pig manure compost or quicklime as control soil;
and respectively planting corns in the improved soil and the control soil, detecting the acidification parameters and the barrenness parameters of the red soil dry land with the depth of 0-20 cm of the improved soil and the control soil after the corns are harvested, and listing the results in table 6.
TABLE 6 improved and control soil acidification barrenness parameters
As can be seen from table 1 and table 6, the soil after improvement was evaluated to be grade 1, and the soil was improved to have a good improvement effect.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive evaluation method for red soil dry land acidification barrenness comprises the following steps:
calculating the red soil dry land acidification index according to formula 1:
wherein AI is red soil dry land acidification index, A pH Is the pH value of red soil dry land, A' pH Is the pH value reference value of the red soil dry land, A ANC Is acid neutralization capacity of red soil dry land, A' ANC Is the acid neutralization capacity reference value of red soil dry land, A Ca/Al Is red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum ratio, A' Ca/Al Is the red soil dry land exchangeable calcium-aluminum reference value;
calculating the red soil dry land barrenness index according to the formula 2:
wherein PI is red soil dry land barrenness index, C SOM Is organic matter concentration C 'in red soil dry land' SOM Is the reference value of the concentration of organic matters in the red soil dry land, C TN The total nitrogen concentration in the dry land of red soil，C' TN Is reference value of total nitrogen concentration in red soil dry land, C TP Is total phosphorus concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TP Is a reference value of total phosphorus concentration in red soil dry land, C TK Is total potassium concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' TK Is the reference value of total potassium concentration in red soil dry land, C AN Is alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen concentration, C 'in red soil dry land' AN Is the reference value of the concentration of alkaline-hydrolyzed nitrogen in the red soil dry land, C AP Is the effective phosphorus concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AP Is the reference value of the effective phosphorus concentration in the dry land of red soil, C AK Is quick-acting potassium concentration, C 'in the dry land of red soil' AK Is the reference value of the concentration of the quick-acting potassium in the red soil dry land;
determining the comprehensive grade of the red soil dry land according to the AI value and the PI value in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation index for red soil dry land acidification and barren
2. The comprehensive evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein A' pH Is 6.5, A' ANC Is 60mmol H + ·kg -1 ，A' Ca/Al Is 9.3;
C' SOM is 12.5g/kg, C' TN Is 1.0g/kg, C' TP Is 0.59g/kg, C' TK Is 16g/kg, C' AN Is 105mg/kg, C' AP Is 7.5mg/kg, C' AK It was 80 mg/kg.
3. A red soil dry land acidification barrenness improvement method, according to the method of claim 1 or 2 to carry on the comprehensive evaluation to the red soil dry land;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is grade 2 or grade 3, the straws are turned over and pressed and returned to the field;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is level 4, reducing the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer or increasing the application of nitrification inhibitor;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 5-grade or 6-grade, the organic and inorganic fertilizers are applied in a matched manner;
when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 7 grades, applying an alkaline conditioner;
and when the comprehensive evaluation result of the red soil dry land is 8-grade or 9-grade, applying an alkaline conditioner and additionally applying an organic fertilizer.
4. The improvement as claimed in claim 3 wherein said stover comprises corn stover, rice stover, peanut stover, soybean stover, or oilseed rape stover;
the straw turnover amount of the straw turnover returning is 3-18 t/ha.
5. The improved method of claim 3, wherein the chemical nitrogen fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, or ammonium compound fertilizer.
6. The improved method as claimed in claim 3 or 5, wherein the amount of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied is reduced to 5-20% of the nitrogen amount applied in the conventional fertilization; the conventional nitrogen application amount is the pure nitrogen content of conventional fertilization, and the conventional fertilization is the average level of the fertilization amount of locally planted crops.
7. The improved method of claim 3, wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine, dicyandiamide, or 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate;
when the nitrification inhibitor is 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl pyridine, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor is increased to be 0.5-1% of the pure nitrogen amount of the conventional fertilization;
when the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor is increased to 5-10% of the amount of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilization;
when the nitrification inhibitor is 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, the amount of the nitrification inhibitor added is 5-10% of the amount of pure nitrogen in the conventional fertilization.
8. The improvement method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the organic-inorganic fertilizer contains 20-60% of organic nitrogen and 40-80% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, calculated on the basis of the pure nitrogen content of the fertilizer.
9. The improvement method according to claim 3, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer;
when the organic fertilizer is farmyard manure, the amount of the applied organic fertilizer is 7.5-45 t/ha;
when the organic fertilizer is a biological organic fertilizer or a commercial organic fertilizer, the amount of the applied organic fertilizer is 3-7.5 t/ha.
10. The improvement as claimed in claim 3 wherein said alkaline soil conditioner comprises quicklime, limestone, caustic soda, hydroxyapatite or bone meal; the application amount of the alkaline soil conditioner is 0.75-2.25 t/ha.
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