CN114928254A - Electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device of high-current electron beam - Google Patents
Electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device of high-current electron beam Download PDFInfo
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- CN114928254A CN114928254A CN202210727821.XA CN202210727821A CN114928254A CN 114928254 A CN114928254 A CN 114928254A CN 202210727821 A CN202210727821 A CN 202210727821A CN 114928254 A CN114928254 A CN 114928254A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
- H02M1/0058—Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
- H02M5/443—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M5/45—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M5/451—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to an electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device of a high-current electron beam, which is characterized by comprising the following components: the high-frequency sine high-power transmission system comprises N stages of high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers with compensation capacitors and high-power high-frequency sine power supplies matched with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply is used for outputting sinusoidal waveforms, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer at least comprises 3 stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer positioned at the bottommost end is connected with the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply, capacitance compensation is arranged in each stage of transformer, leakage inductance in each stage of transformer is subjected to phase compensation through the capacitance compensation, and sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer positioned at the highest end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then is output; and one part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with the highest-end transformer, the other part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with an N-stage high-voltage power supply realized by the isolation and series connection of the high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformers, and the electronic cooling is realized by the received power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-current electron cooling, in particular to an electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device of a high-current electron beam.
Background
When an ion beam is injected into an accelerator, the beam energy is quickly lost and cannot be accumulated due to large beam energy dispersion and emittance. The electron cooling technology can effectively reduce the emittance of injected ion beams and polymerize beam current, thereby improving the quality of the beam current in a storage ring.
In the known electronic cooling device, a conventional mode based on an integrated voltage-doubling rectifying high-voltage power supply is established as a cathode electric field, and the electronic cooling effect is limited due to the problems of difficult high-voltage insulation, low power transmission efficiency and ubiquitous voltage drop.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for a high-current electron beam, which can improve the transmission efficiency of the power supply and overcome the problem of limited electron cooling effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device of a high-current electron beam, comprising: the high-frequency sine high-power transmission system comprises an N-level high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer with a compensation capacitor and a high-power high-frequency sine power supply matched with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply is used for outputting sinusoidal waveforms as a power source of the bottom end, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer at least comprises 3 stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer positioned at the bottom end is connected with the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply, the capacitor compensation is arranged in each stage of transformer, the leakage inductance in each stage of transformer is subjected to phase compensation through the capacitor compensation, and the sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer positioned at the highest end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then is output; and one part of a power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with the highest-end transformer, the other part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with an N-stage high-voltage power supply realized by the isolation and series connection of the high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformers, and the electronic cooling is realized by the received power.
Further, the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply comprises a high-frequency current/voltage device zero-crossing commutation loop and a square wave sinusoidal commutation loop;
the zero-crossing current conversion of the high-frequency current/voltage device comprises a three-phase alternating current source, a power frequency rectifying circuit, a phase-shifted full bridge, a current conversion device and a zero-crossing current conversion structure; the three-phase alternating current source is used as a basic power source, the three-phase alternating current sequentially passes through the power frequency rectifying circuit and the phase-shifted full bridge, the amplitude of the rectified direct current voltage is adjusted, the rectified direct current voltage is transmitted to the zero-crossing current conversion structure after passing through the current conversion device, the voltage waveform after zero-crossing current conversion is transmitted to the square wave sine conversion loop after primary side voltage is isolated by the isolation transformer T1, and output of quasi sine waves is achieved through the square wave sine conversion loop.
Further, the zero-crossing current conversion mode realized by the zero-crossing current conversion structure is determined according to the selection of devices with different power conditions, and a device with zero-crossing current in the zero-crossing current conversion process is switched on or a device with zero-crossing voltage is switched on.
Further, the square wave sine conversion loop jointly analyzes a characteristic curve of the corresponding amplitude gain and frequency relation of double resonance points or multiple resonance points formed by the whole power supply structure according to the electrical parameters and parasitic parameters under the pre-stage zero-crossing current conversion structure, and parameter setting is carried out based on the characteristic curve.
Further, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer is arranged in the sealing structure, a primary side and a secondary side of each stage of transformer are provided with compensation capacitors, and a coil winding of the transformer adopts a high-frequency litz wire.
Further, a coil winding of the transformer is uniformly wound; and a cooling medium is arranged in the sealing structure, and the transformer is placed in the cooling medium.
Further, the electronic cooling system comprises an anode power supply, a grid power supply and a collector power supply of the electronic gun, wherein the anode power supply, the grid power supply and the collector power supply are connected with the highest-end transformer and all adopt voltage-multiplying rectification structures; the cathode high-voltage power supply of the hot cathode electron gun is connected with an N-level high-voltage power supply, and each level of high-voltage power supply realizes-2 HV high-voltage output by adopting positive HV and negative HV in series connection; high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger silicon controlled rectifier series modules are connected in parallel at the output ends of the positive and negative high-voltage power supplies of each stage, so that the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun is quickly released from the high end to the bottom end, the quick change of an electric field is realized, and the electronic cooling deceleration mode is realized by combining the quick change of the electric field with the output control of the high-voltage power supplies of each stage.
Further, the positive HV and the negative HV are respectively connected to two ends of the silicon controlled rectifier series module, and the silicon controlled rectifier series module comprises a plurality of silicon controlled rectifiers connected in series, a high-voltage resistor-capacitor, a transient voltage suppression diode, a magnetic coupling pair, a light trigger pulser and a high-voltage resistor;
the cathode of the single silicon controlled rectifier connected in series is connected with the anode of the silicon controlled rectifier, and finally is connected to the negative HV; the anode of the serially connected single thyristor is connected with the cathode of the next thyristor and finally connected to the positive HV;
each thyristor is connected with one high-voltage resistor-capacitor and one transient voltage suppression diode in parallel, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor is used as a high-speed bootstrap loop, and the transient voltage suppression diode is used as a thyristor protection device; the high-voltage resistor is connected between the adjacent silicon controlled rectifiers in series and serves as an alternating current path after each silicon controlled rectifier is conducted, and the positive HV terminal charge and the negative HV terminal charge are quickly released;
and the control grid of the thyristor connected with the negative HV is connected with the magnetic coupling pair, and the light trigger pulser carries out isolated magnetic coupling triggering on the thyristor through the magnetic coupling pair.
Furthermore, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor series connection structure arranged between the control gate and the cathode of the silicon controlled rectifiers connected in series forms a bootstrap loop, an optical trigger pulser is used for controlling light transmission control pulses, the pulses can transmit driving pulses to the silicon controlled rectifiers in a magnetic field coupling mode through the magnetic coupling pair, and pulse signals can be communicated with all the bootstrap loops at the same time, so that each silicon controlled rectifier in the silicon controlled rectifier series connection module is in a conducting state, and a speed reduction mode is realized.
Further, the electron cooling system further comprises an electron deflection plate and a magnetic field orbit coil; the collector and the upper part of the electron gun are both provided with the electron deflection plates, and the two electron deflection plates have opposite polarities and have the same voltage of absolute potential; the magnetic field track coil is arranged between the two electronic deflection plates;
and the two electron deflection plates are used for completing the orbit correction of the electron beams, and the magnetic field orbit coil is used for maintaining the cooling state in the process of emitting the electron beams in parallel, so that the electron cooling is realized.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the structure of the positive and negative power supplies adopted by the invention can obtain higher potential lifting in the least number of stages, realize high-voltage output of more than megavolt in fewer stages, improve the transmission efficiency of the power supplies and reduce the height of the cascade structure.
2. According to the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger SCR serial module, due to the potential difference, the high-voltage grade and the output position of high voltage, the number of the thyristors connected in series is required to be selected according to the withstand voltage of a single thyristor, and the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger mode is adopted among the thyristors connected in series to synchronously trigger and release charges so that the thyristors can quickly enter an electronic cooling deceleration mode.
3. The coil winding of the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer adopts uniform winding, can ensure the consistency of leakage inductance of each stage of cascade transformer, improves capacitance compensation and stability, and further reduces the interstage error loss in the power transmission process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high-voltage power supply device for an accelerator;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electron-cooled high power high voltage power supply with a high current electron beam according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger SCR series module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a high power high frequency sinusoidal power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a zero-crossing commutation waveform in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a 3-stage embodiment of a high frequency nanocrystal cascaded transformer with capacitance compensation in one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a side view of an embodiment of a power delivery portion of a high power, high voltage power supply with high electron beam electron cooling in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a top view of an embodiment of a power delivery portion of a high power, high voltage power supply with electron cooling by a high current electron beam in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the description of the embodiments of the invention given above, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Currently, the most common high-voltage power supply applied to the high-voltage power supply is a single voltage-doubling rectification high-voltage power supply (as shown in fig. 1), a high-frequency or power-frequency alternating-current power transmission 17 is used as an integral power source, and an isolation transformer 19 is used for providing isolation protection for a voltage-doubling rectification loop 20 at the rear end and isolation power transmission of the high-voltage power supply. The high-voltage power supply adopting the mode is mainly applied to occasions with low high-voltage control precision. Due to the adoption of a voltage doubling mode, voltage drop and series-parallel connection of a multi-stage diode and a capacitor cause that the output of a single voltage doubling rectification high-voltage power supply cannot be accurately controlled. However, the output accuracy of the latest high-voltage power supply with strong current electronic cooling requires at least one ten thousandth of ripple, so that the conventional single voltage-multiplying rectification high-voltage power supply cannot be applied to electronic cooling high-voltage occasions.
High-voltage power supply unit in present accelerator field is owing to use in electron accelerator's low power occasion, consequently also often adopt the structure of cascade transformer series connection, but owing to simple cascade transformer is established ties, and use the power conduction of power frequency, lead to the volume of power to accomplish the miniaturization, simultaneously because do not compensate the magnetic loss of transformer in multistage power transmission process, lead to holistic efficiency extremely low, after the series progression is greater than 5 grades, top efficiency often is less than 50%, unable normal transmission power is to the highest level after 10 grades, can't realize the electron cooling of high current electron beam.
In the electron cooling process, the high voltage of the cathode of the electron gun for realizing the electron beam strong current emission needs to reach hundreds of kilovolts to megavolts, and the recovery of the electron beam requires the power of the collector to reach more than 10 kilowatt hours, so that the series connection of the conventional cascade transformers and the single voltage doubling rectification power transmission can not be realized.
The invention provides an electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device for generating a high-current electron beam, which comprises a high-frequency sine high-power transmission system, a collector high-voltage power supply for recovering a high-power electron beam and high-voltage power supplies of hot cathode electron guns for emitting the electron beam. The high-frequency sinusoidal high-power transmission system comprises two parts, namely an N-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer with capacitance compensation and a high-frequency sinusoidal power supply matched with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer for power transmission, a high-voltage power collector and high-end high-voltage power supplies such as a hot cathode electron gun anode and a grid adopt voltage-multiplying rectification structures, a hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supply adopts an N-stage high-voltage power supply and is realized by isolating and connecting the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer in series, and each stage of high-voltage power supply adopts a structure that a positive high-voltage-multiplying rectification power supply (HV) and a negative high-voltage-multiplying rectification power supply (-HV) are connected in series to realize-2 HV high-voltage output. The high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger silicon controlled rectifier series module is connected in parallel with the output end of each stage of positive and negative high-voltage power supplies, so that the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun is quickly released from the high end to the bottom end to realize the quick change of an electric field, and the electronic cooling speed reduction mode is realized by combining with the high-voltage output control of each stage. The high-voltage power supply device and the speed reduction mode implementation method can realize high-voltage output of more than megavolts; the high-frequency sinusoidal power supply can effectively transmit sinusoidal power to the highest-level cascaded transformer under specific frequency by matching with the resonant frequency of the multi-level high-frequency nanocrystalline cascaded transformer with capacitance compensation; the deceleration mode method can generate electric field variation of millisecond/hundred kilovolts, thereby emitting a high current electron beam varying at a high speed. The invention can develop a good new generation of strong-current electron cooling physical related experiment on the accelerator.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an electron cooled high power high voltage power supply apparatus for a high current electron beam is provided. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, 7, and 8, the apparatus includes:
the high-frequency sine high-power transmission system comprises an N-level high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 with a compensation capacitor 9 and a high-power high-frequency sine power supply 14 matched with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sine power supply 14 is used for outputting sine waveforms as a power source of the bottom end, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 at least comprises 3 stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer positioned at the bottom end is connected with the output end of the high-power high-frequency sine power supply 14, a capacitor compensation 9 is arranged in each stage of transformer, and leakage inductance in each stage of transformer is subjected to phase compensation through the capacitor compensation 9, so that in the process of conducting sine power from bottom to top, each stage of cascade transformer can be equivalent to a pure resistive load under specific frequency, and the sine power is transmitted to the transformer positioned at the highest end of the cascade without sine phase difference and then is output;
and one part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with the highest-end transformer, the other part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with an N-level high-voltage power supply realized by isolating and connecting the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer 10 in series, and the complete electronic cooling process is realized by the received power.
In the above embodiments, the influence of the upper limit of the switching frequency of the current power electronic power device is limited, and both the conventional sine pulse width modulation and the space vector pulse width modulation cannot realize high-power high-frequency sine output. The high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 in the embodiment can realize sinusoidal waveform output with ultra-low power consumption at a specific frequency. The front stage of the power supply utilizes zero-crossing current conversion to reduce the loss of the power supply and improve the efficiency, and the rear stage of the power supply adopts a square wave sine conversion loop to realize the output of quasi sine waves.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the high power high frequency sinusoidal power supply 14 includes a high frequency current/voltage device zero crossing commutation 15 and a square wave sinusoidal switching loop 16. The zero-crossing current conversion 15 of the high-frequency current/voltage device comprises a three-phase alternating current source 28, a power frequency rectifying circuit 29, a phase-shifted full bridge 30, a current conversion device 31 and a zero-crossing current conversion structure 32. The three-phase alternating current source 28 is used as a basic power source, after the three-phase alternating current sequentially passes through the power frequency rectifying circuit 29 and the phase-shifted full bridge 30, the power frequency rectifying circuit 29 reduces power frequency radiation and conducted ripple interference which are difficult to remove at the rear part of the power supply, and the phase-shifted full bridge 30 realizes amplitude adjustment of rectified direct current voltage; the rectified dc voltage is subjected to amplitude adjustment, is transmitted to the zero-crossing current converting structure 32 after passing through the current converting device 31, so that voltage waveform after zero-crossing current conversion is transmitted to the square wave sine converting loop 16 after primary side voltage is isolated by the isolation transformer T1, and quasi-sine wave output is realized by the square wave sine converting loop 16.
The zero-crossing commutation mode that can be realized by the zero-crossing commutation structure 32 is determined according to device selection of different power conditions adopted by the zero-crossing commutation structure, and device switching with zero-crossing current or device switching with zero-crossing voltage can be adopted in the zero-crossing commutation process, and the zero-crossing commutation mode is necessary for a power supply needing high-power transmission.
The square wave sinusoidal conversion loop 16 must jointly analyze the characteristic curve of the corresponding amplitude gain and frequency relationship of the double resonance points or multiple resonance points formed by the overall power supply structure according to the electrical parameters and the parasitic parameters under the pre-level zero-crossing commutation structure 32, and based on this, the appropriate parameters of the square wave sinusoidal conversion loop can be set for the lowest frequency component in the square wave after zero-crossing commutation. It should be particularly noted that the electrical parameters and parasitic parameters under the preceding stage commutation inversion structure are also affected by the square wave sinusoidal conversion loop to be designed, the strong coupling effect cannot be realized simply by the isolation transformer T1, and needs to be comprehensively considered according to the overall high-order structure, otherwise, a quasi-sinusoidal waveform cannot be obtained.
In the present embodiment, the commutation device 31 selects an insulated gate bipolar transistor or a metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, and completes the commutation process with the zero-crossing commutation structure 32. The zero-crossing commutation structure 32 can adopt a first inductor L1, a second inductor L2, a second capacitor C2 or a combination of the first inductor L1, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 to realize different commutation functions, and after primary side voltage is isolated by an isolation transformer T1, high-power high-frequency sinusoidal output is completed by using the square wave sinusoidal conversion loop 16. The selection of the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth capacitor C5, the third inductor L3, the fourth inductor L4 and the fifth inductor L5 in the square-wave sine-wave conversion loop 16 needs to consider not only the fundamental wave extraction mode of the selected commutation frequency, but also the strong coupling of the third capacitor C3, the fourth capacitor C4, the fifth capacitor C5, the third inductor L3, the fourth inductor L4 and the fifth inductor L5 in the square-wave sine-wave conversion loop 16 with the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 in the zero-crossing commutation structure 32, and the mutual influence between the zero-crossing commutation structure 32 and the square-wave sine-wave conversion loop 16 cannot be completely solved by the isolation transformer T1, and must be considered in combination with a double resonance point formed by a resonance system or a multiple resonance point. Otherwise, low power consumption output cannot be realized, and the commutation device is easily burnt due to heating in the commutation process. As shown in FIG. 5, θ represents the zero-crossing commutation waveform 1 The moment is the zero-crossing commutation process of the system, and in the process, the commutation device 31 is close to lossless commutationAnd (4) realizing high-power high-frequency sinusoidal output.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascaded transformer 10 is disposed in the sealing structure 39, and the primary side and the secondary side of each stage of transformer are provided with the compensation capacitor 9, which can form a characteristic impedance with the leakage inductance of each stage of cascaded transformer at a specific frequency, and is equivalent to a pure impedance structure, thereby realizing power conduction without phase difference. Limited by the skin effect at high frequencies, the coil windings of the transformer use high frequency litz wire 38. The selection of the litz wire is an indispensable part in a high-power occasion, the mutual insulation among the wires can solve the problem of heating of the outer layer wire caused by the skin effect, the transmission efficiency of the wire is improved, and the service life of the wire is prolonged.
The transformer is at least provided with 3 coil windings, wherein 2 windings are responsible for up-down power transmission, and the rest winding is responsible for power transmission of the cathode power supply of the hot cathode electron gun at the middle end of each stage. And a plurality of windings can be connected in parallel to improve the up-down power transmission, so that the power transmission device is suitable for high-power occasions. And under the condition of fewer windings, a winding mode of uniformly winding the whole coil is adopted, so that the leakage inductance of the cascaded transformer is reduced, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
In the present embodiment, the transformer may adopt other magnetic core materials suitable for different power and frequency conditions according to different rated power output conditions.
Preferably, the coil winding of the transformer is uniformly wound, so that the consistency of leakage inductance of each stage of cascaded transformer can be ensured as much as possible, the stability under capacitance compensation is improved, and the interstage error loss in the power transmission process is further reduced. A cooling medium is provided in the sealing structure 39, and the transformer is placed in the cooling medium. In this embodiment, the cooling medium may be transformer oil, cooling water, cooling air, or the like, which effectively avoids the heating loss of the coil caused by the large current of the cascaded transformer during operation.
A first transfer plug 35 and a second transfer plug 36 are respectively arranged on the housing of each stage of the transformer. The first plug-in unit 35 is a plug-in unit for connecting the transformer with the external high-voltage terminal after being sealed in the transformer oil, and the sealing and insulating properties of the plug-in unit determine the high-voltage stability of the whole device. The second pass plug 36 is a power source of the hot cathode electron gun cathode high voltage power supply of each stage at the middle end, and transmits power for the hot cathode electron gun cathode high voltage power supply.
In the above embodiment, in order to be applied to high power applications, the transmission line of the high frequency nanocrystal cascade transformer 10 must use a high frequency litz line.
In the above embodiment, the electron cooling system includes the anode power supply 5 and the grid power supply 6 of the electron gun 1 and the collector power supply 7 of the collector 2 connected to the highest-end transformer, and the anode power supply 5, the grid power supply 6 and the collector power supply 7 all use a voltage-doubling rectification structure to generate high voltage, or use a high-voltage transformer to generate high voltage or use a high-voltage transformer combined with a voltage-doubling rectification mode to generate high voltage. The cathode high-voltage power supply 40 of the hot cathode electron gun is connected with a N-level high-voltage power supply, and each level high-voltage power supply adopts a positive HV (high voltage doubling rectifier) 12 and a negative HV11 which are connected in series to realize-2 HV high-voltage output; in order to realize the electric field change of millisecond/hundred kilovolts generated in the speed reduction mode, the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger silicon controlled rectifier series module 13 is connected in parallel with the output end of each stage of positive and negative high-voltage power supplies, the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun is quickly released from the high end to the bottom end, the quick change of the electric field is realized, and the speed reduction mode of electronic cooling is realized by combining with the output control of each stage of high-voltage power supplies.
The hot cathode electron gun cathode high voltage power supply 40 may adopt a positive and negative power supply structure to realize rapid voltage rise, or may adopt a single power supply structure.
In the above embodiment, the positive HV12 and the negative HV11 are structured as positive and negative power supplies of the nth stage corresponding to the nth stage high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformer, the reference ground of the positive and negative power supplies is connected to and maintains the same potential as the sealing structure 39 of the nth stage high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformer 10, and the output of the nth stage negative power supply needs to be connected to the primary winding of the (n + 1) th stage high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformer and the output of the (n + 1) th stage positive power supply; the output of the positive power supply of the nth stage is connected with the secondary side winding of the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer of the nth-1 stage and the output of the negative power supply of the nth-1 stage. The structure can obtain higher potential lifting in the least number of stages, realize high-voltage output of more than megavolts in fewer stages, improve the transmission efficiency of a power supply and reduce the height of a cascade structure.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the positive HV12 and the negative HV11 are respectively connected to two ends of the scr series module 13, and the scr series module 13 includes a plurality of thyristors 21, a high-voltage resistor-capacitor 22, a transient voltage suppression diode 23, a magnetic coupling pair 24, a light trigger pulser 25, and a high-voltage resistor 27 connected in series.
The cathode of the single thyristor 21 connected in series is connected with the anode of the single thyristor 21 connected in series, and is finally connected to negative HV 11; the anode of the single thyristor 21 in series is connected to the cathode of the next thyristor 21, and finally to positive HV 12; therefore, the voltage resistance of the single thyristor 21 can be improved to 2HV insulation voltage resistance level as a whole by the series connection.
Each thyristor 21 is connected in parallel with a high-voltage resistor-capacitor 22 and a transient voltage suppression diode 23, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor 22 serves as a high-speed bootstrap loop, and the transient voltage suppression diode 23 serves as a thyristor protection device; a high-voltage resistor 27 is connected in series between adjacent thyristors 21, and the high-voltage resistor 27 serves as an alternating current path after each thyristor 21 is conducted, and quickly discharges terminal charges of a positive HV12 and a negative HV 11.
Since the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger thyristor series module is a floating structure and does not form a reference ground with a platform, because an isolation trigger must be used, a magnetic coupling pair 24 is connected to the control gate of the thyristor 21 connected with the negative HV11, and the optical trigger pulser 25 performs isolation magnetic coupling trigger on the thyristor 21 through the magnetic coupling pair 24. After the first thyristor is triggered, all the subsequent thyristors are rapidly triggered one by one to release all charges due to the high-speed bootstrap loops connected with the thyristors in parallel, and an ideal deceleration mode can be completed only by combining with the control of the whole power supply.
The high-voltage resistor-capacitor 22 series structure arranged between the control gate and the cathode of the series-connected thyristors 21 forms a bootstrap loop, the light trigger pulser 25 is used for controlling the light to transmit a control pulse 26, the pulse 26 can transmit a driving pulse to the thyristors 21 in a magnetic field coupling mode through the magnetic coupling pair 24, and the pulse signal can be communicated with all the bootstrap loops at the same time, so that each thyristor 21 in the thyristor series module 13 is in a conducting state, and a deceleration mode is realized.
The charge between the N-th-stage positive and negative power supplies can be quickly released by arranging the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger on the control gate of each controlled silicon 21, and when the N-stage high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger controlled silicon series module 13 acts simultaneously, the quick change of the cathode electric field of the electron gun can be realized, and the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger controlled silicon series module and the high-voltage output control at each stage are combined to realize an electron cooling deceleration mode.
In the above described embodiment, the electron cooling system further comprises an electron deflection plate 3 and a magnetic field orbit coil 4 for accelerating electron cooling. The collector 2 and the upper part of the electron gun 1 are both provided with electron deflection plates 3, and the two electron deflection plates 3 have opposite polarities and have the same voltage of absolute potential; a magnetic field track coil 4 is arranged between the two electronic deflection plates 3; the two electron deflection plates 3 are used for completing the orbit correction of the electron beams, and the magnetic field orbit coil 4 is used for maintaining the cooling state in the process of emitting the electron beams in parallel, so that the electron cooling is realized.
After power is transmitted to the highest-end cascade transformer, the power is transmitted to the electron gun grid power supply 6, the electron gun anode power supply 5 and the collector power supply 7 through the secondary winding 101 of the highest-end cascade transformer. When the high voltage of the cathode terminal of the electron gun provides an accelerating electric field for electrons, after the grid and the anode release the electron beams, the electron deflection plate 3 is utilized to finish the track correction of the electron beams, a magnetic field track coil 4 is needed to maintain a cooling state in the process of emitting the electron beams in parallel, finally, the reverse electron deflection plate is utilized to deflect the electron beams, and the rest electrons are recovered on a collector, thereby realizing the complete electron cooling process. It should be noted that if the collector at the highest end cannot be supplied with the required power, the electron beam cannot be recovered after being emitted and emitted to the vacuum arm, so that the ion beam of the accelerator cannot be accumulated normally, and the vacuum degree will be reduced, and the vacuum will be directly destroyed in severe cases.
In the above embodiments, due to the insulation problem of the high voltage power supply of the cathode of the hot cathode electron gun at each stage of the middle end, the whole power supply device is placed in the closed space filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas to improve the insulation distance.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, in the electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with a three-stage structure and a high-current electron beam according to the present invention, the upper and lower surfaces of the hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supplies 40 of each stage at the middle end are supported by the insulating support 41, and the hot cathode electron gun cathode high-voltage power supplies 40 are provided with the positive HV high-voltage power supply 12, the negative HV high-voltage power supply 11, the controller 44 of the field programmable gate array, and the high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger thyristor series module 13. The outer sealing structure 39 of the transformer is arranged on one side of the cathode high-voltage power supply 40 of each stage of the hot cathode electron gun.
In summary, the implementation of the electron cooling process requires the inclusion of a hot cathode electron gun that produces a high power electron beam, a collector that recovers the electron beam with high efficiency, an electron-cooled electron deflection plate that confines the electron beam trajectory, and magnetic field trajectory coils that accelerate the electron cooling. Aiming at an electron cooling high-power high-voltage power supply device generating a strong current electron beam, a high-power high-frequency sine power supply at the bottom end is required to be used as a power source of the whole device, a hot cathode electron gun cathode power supply at the middle end adopts a multi-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer to realize symmetrical series output of positive and negative high-voltage power supplies at each stage, leakage inductance of a coil needs to be compensated by a capacitor inside the multi-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer, and the multi-stage high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer and the high-power high-frequency sine power supply at the bottom end are matched with a high-frequency sine specific frequency, so that the power can be effectively transmitted to the highest stage of the cascade transformer. The high-end hot cathode electron gun power supply and the high-power collector power supply need to use the cathode potential of the hot cathode electron gun as a platform reference point to realize emission, current intensity control and recovery of electron beams. The electron deflection plate and the magnetic field orbit coil will restrain the orbit of the electron beam to cool the ion beam, reduce the emittance and aggregate the ion beam cluster. The electronic cooling deceleration mode needs to rapidly release the cathode charge of the hot cathode electron gun from a high end to a bottom end to realize the rapid change of an electric field and is combined with the high-voltage output control of each stage, and the rapid release process of the charge can generate high-voltage heavy current, so the invention provides the realization of triggering the controlled silicon series module by adopting high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling. The collector power supply at the high end needs to collect high-current electron beams, so that the power of the collector power supply is the largest in all the electrodes, the high-voltage high-current output characteristic of the collector power supply not only requires that the high-frequency sinusoidal power supply at the bottom end needs to effectively transmit the power to the highest level, but also needs to avoid the heating loss caused by the high current to the coil when the integral cascade transformer works. Meanwhile, due to the insulation problem of the cathode high-voltage power supply of each stage of the hot cathode electron gun at the middle end, the whole power supply device needs to be placed in a closed space filled with sulfur hexafluoride gas to improve the insulation distance.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device for a high-current electron beam, comprising:
the high-frequency sine high-power transmission system comprises N stages of high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers (10) with compensation capacitors (9) and a high-power high-frequency sine power supply (14) matched with the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformers for power transmission; the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14) is used for outputting sinusoidal waveforms as a power source of the bottom end, the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascade transformer (10) at least comprises 3 stages of cascade transformers, the input end of the transformer positioned at the bottom end is connected with the output end of the high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14), the capacitor compensation (9) is arranged in each stage of transformer, the leakage inductance in each stage of transformer is subjected to phase compensation through the capacitor compensation (9), and sinusoidal power is transmitted to the transformer positioned at the highest end of the cascade without sinusoidal phase difference and then is output;
and one part of a power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with the highest-end transformer, the other part of the power supply end of the electronic cooling system is connected with an N-level high-voltage power supply realized by isolating and connecting the high-frequency nanocrystal cascade transformer (10) in series, and the electronic cooling is realized by the received power.
2. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply unit of high-current electron beams according to claim 1, characterized in that said high-power high-frequency sinusoidal power supply (14) comprises a high-frequency current/voltage device zero-crossing commutation (15) and a square-wave sinusoidal commutation loop (16);
the high-frequency current/voltage device zero-crossing commutation (15) comprises a three-phase alternating current source (28), a power frequency rectifying circuit (29), a phase-shifted full bridge (30), a commutation device (31) and a zero-crossing commutation structure (32); the three-phase alternating current source (28) is used as a basic power source, three-phase alternating current sequentially passes through the power frequency rectifying circuit (29) and the phase-shifted full bridge (30), amplitude adjustment is carried out on rectified direct-current voltage, the rectified direct-current voltage is transmitted to the zero-crossing current converting structure (32) after the current converting device (31), voltage waveform after zero-crossing current conversion is achieved, primary side voltage is isolated through an isolation transformer T1, the voltage waveform is transmitted to the square wave sine converting loop (16), and output of quasi sine waves is achieved through the square wave sine converting loop (16).
3. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply unit with high power of electron beam according to claim 2, characterized in that the zero-cross commutation implemented by the zero-cross commutation structure (32) is determined by selecting devices with different power conditions, and the device with zero-cross current is switched on during the zero-cross commutation, or the device with zero-cross voltage is switched on.
4. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device of the high-current electron beam as claimed in claim 2, wherein the square wave sine conversion loop (16) jointly analyzes the characteristic curve of the corresponding amplitude gain and frequency relationship of the double resonance point or the multiple resonance points formed by the whole power supply structure according to the electrical parameters and the parasitic parameters under the pre-stage zero-crossing commutation structure (32), and performs parameter setting based on the characteristic curve.
5. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with high-current electron beams as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high-frequency nanocrystalline cascaded transformer (10) is arranged in the sealing structure (39), the primary side and the secondary side of each transformer stage are provided with compensation capacitors (9), and the coil winding of the transformer adopts high-frequency litz wires.
6. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply unit of claim 5, wherein the coil winding of said transformer is uniformly wound; a cooling medium is arranged in the sealing structure (39), and the transformer is placed in the cooling medium.
7. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device of the high-current electron beam as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electron cooling system comprises an anode power supply (5) of the electron gun (1), a grid power supply (6) and a collector power supply (7) of the collector (2) which are connected with the highest-end transformer, and the anode power supply (5), the grid power supply (6) and the collector power supply (7) all adopt a voltage-doubling rectifying structure; a cathode high-voltage power supply (40) of the hot cathode electron gun is connected with an N-level high-voltage power supply, and each level of high-voltage power supply realizes-2 HV high-voltage output by adopting a positive HV (12) and a negative HV (11) which are connected in series; high-speed bootstrap magnetic coupling trigger silicon controlled rectifier series module (13) is connected in parallel at positive and negative high voltage power supply output end of each stage, cathode charge of hot cathode electron gun is released from high end to bottom end rapidly, rapid change of electric field is realized, and electronic cooling deceleration mode is realized by combining with high voltage power supply output control of each stage.
8. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device of high-current electron beams according to claim 7, wherein the positive HV (12) and the negative HV (11) are respectively connected to two ends of the thyristor series module (13), and the thyristor series module (13) comprises a plurality of thyristors (21), a high-voltage resistor-capacitor (22), a transient voltage suppressor diode (23), a magnetic coupling pair (24), an optical trigger pulser (25) and a high-voltage resistor (27) which are connected in series;
the cathode of the single thyristor (21) connected in series is connected with the anode of the thyristor (21) connected in series and finally connected to the negative HV (11); the anode of the serial single thyristor (21) is connected with the cathode of the next thyristor (21) and finally connected with the positive HV (12);
each thyristor (21) is connected with one high-voltage resistor-capacitor (22) and one transient voltage suppression diode (23) in parallel, the high-voltage resistor-capacitor (22) serves as a high-speed bootstrap loop, and the transient voltage suppression diode (23) serves as a thyristor protection device; the high-voltage resistor (27) is connected between the adjacent thyristors (21) in series, and the high-voltage resistor (27) is used as an alternating current path after each thyristor (21) is conducted to quickly release terminal charges of the positive HV (12) and the negative HV (11);
the control grid of the controllable silicon (21) connected with the negative HV (11) is connected with the magnetic coupling pair (24), and the light trigger pulser (25) carries out isolated magnetic coupling triggering on the controllable silicon (21) through the magnetic coupling pair (24).
9. The electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply device with high power and electron-cooling of high current electron beam as claimed in claim 8, wherein the series structure of the high-voltage resistor-capacitor (22) disposed between the control gate and the cathode of the series connected thyristors (21) forms a bootstrap circuit, and the light trigger pulser (25) is used to control the light transmission control pulse, which can transmit the driving pulse to the thyristors (21) through the magnetic coupling pair (24) in a magnetic field coupling manner, and the pulse signal will connect all the bootstrap circuits at the same time, so that each thyristor (21) in the thyristor series module (13) is in a conducting state to realize a deceleration mode.
10. An electron-cooled high-power high-voltage power supply unit of a high-current electron beam as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the electron cooling system further comprises an electron deflection plate (3) and a magnetic field rail coil (4); the collector (2) and the upper part of the electron gun (1) are both provided with the electron deflection plates (3), and the two electron deflection plates (3) have opposite polarities and have the same voltage of absolute potential; the magnetic field track coil (4) is arranged between the two electronic deflection plates (3);
and the two electron deflection plates (3) are used for completing the orbit correction of the electron beams, and the magnetic field orbit coil (4) is used for maintaining a cooling state in the process of emitting the electron beams in parallel, so that the electron cooling is realized.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118249669A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Active compensation power supply device for generating stability of ultralow-temperature electron beam and control method |
| CN118244820A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Electron beam longitudinal temperature modulation method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN118660377A (en) * | 2024-08-09 | 2024-09-17 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | High-energy strong-current heavy ion beam cooling method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN118660377B (en) * | 2024-08-09 | 2024-10-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | High-energy strong-current heavy ion beam cooling method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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2022
- 2022-06-24 CN CN202210727821.XA patent/CN114928254A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118249669A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Active compensation power supply device for generating stability of ultralow-temperature electron beam and control method |
| CN118244820A (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Electron beam longitudinal temperature modulation method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN118249669B (en) * | 2024-05-30 | 2024-08-06 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Active compensation power supply device for generating stability of ultralow-temperature electron beam and control method |
| CN118660377A (en) * | 2024-08-09 | 2024-09-17 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | High-energy strong-current heavy ion beam cooling method, system, equipment and storage medium |
| CN118660377B (en) * | 2024-08-09 | 2024-10-25 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | High-energy strong-current heavy ion beam cooling method, system, equipment and storage medium |
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