CN114928019A - Electric switch emergency protection system and method of automatic control system - Google Patents

Electric switch emergency protection system and method of automatic control system Download PDF

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CN114928019A
CN114928019A CN202210848338.7A CN202210848338A CN114928019A CN 114928019 A CN114928019 A CN 114928019A CN 202210848338 A CN202210848338 A CN 202210848338A CN 114928019 A CN114928019 A CN 114928019A
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CN114928019B (en
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张美云
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Shenzhen Secon Technical Industry Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0092—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0423—Input/output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/20—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution using protection elements, arrangements or systems

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  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric switch emergency protection system and method of an automatic control system, which relate to the technical field of control and solve the technical problem of electric switch emergency protection control.A control module controls the on-off of the electric switch emergency protection so as to analyze data information, a protection module carries out emergency protection on an electric switch, and an optical coupling isolation module accurately transmits analog signals in a detection module; the data exchange module provides data conversion components for different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module, the detection module detects the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit, and the high-precision gain network improves the measurement precision. The flexible control of the automatic control system can be realized, the evaluation of the automatic control can also be realized, and the emergency protection capability of the electric switch is greatly improved.

Description

Electric switch emergency protection system and method of automatic control system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control, in particular to an electric switch emergency protection system and method of an automatic control system.
Background
The automatic control system is used for automatically controlling certain critical parameters in production by using automatic control devices, so that the critical parameters can be automatically adjusted to be in a value range required by a process when the critical parameters deviate from a normal state under the influence of external interference (disturbance). Various process conditions cannot be invariable in the production process. Especially chemical production, mostly continuous production, the equipments are related to each other, when the process condition of one of them changes, it may cause some parameters in other equipments to fluctuate more or less, deviating from the normal process condition. The electric switch emergency protection system needs to take emergency protection measures during application.
In the conventional technology, an electric switch emergency protection circuit is usually adopted to realize electric switch emergency protection of an automatic control system, although the method can improve the electric switch emergency protection capability, the automatic control system cannot be evaluated, the electric switch emergency protection capability is delayed, a fire disaster is easily caused, and the error in the operation process of the automatic control system is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical defects, the invention discloses an electric switch emergency protection system and method of an automatic control system, which not only can realize flexible control of the automatic control system, but also can realize evaluation of the automatic control, and greatly improve the electric switch emergency protection capability.
In order to achieve the technical effects, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electrical switch emergency protection system of an automation control system, wherein the electrical switch emergency protection system comprises:
the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch so as to analyze data information; the control module comprises a command generation module, a data visualization module, a fault detection module and an early warning module;
the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and comprises a short-circuit protection module and an electric leakage protection module, wherein the short-circuit protection module is mainly responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload faults and under-voltage faults, processes monitoring data according to the three-phase voltage and current of the switch collected by the detection module, determines whether to drive the action of a protection actuating mechanism switch, and transmits the monitoring data to the control module through a serial communication interface and receives a control command; the electric leakage protection module is mainly responsible for electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection, and mainly comprises zero sequence voltage, zero sequence voltage of a power supply side and a load side and ground resistance of an electric switch according to electric switch fault characteristic quantities;
the optical coupling isolation module takes a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core, forms negative feedback between a light emitting diode and a photosensitive diode of the optical coupling through designing a proper peripheral circuit, and accurately transmits an analog signal in the detection module;
the data exchange module is used for providing a data conversion assembly aiming at different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in a protection system, integrating and analyzing isolated and dispersed power data, avoiding data redundancy caused by repeated input during data storage and eliminating obstruction of data circulation among the modules; the data exchange module comprises an ETL tool, a data conversion module and a data integration module;
the detection module is used for detecting the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit and improving the measurement precision through a high-precision gain network, wherein the detection module comprises a current detection module, a voltage detection module, a negative sequence detection module and an insulation detection module;
the output end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the optical coupling isolation module, the output end of the optical coupling isolation module is connected with the input end of the data exchange module, the output end of the data exchange module is connected with the input end of the protection module, and the output end of the protection module is connected with the input end of the control module.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the control module is an STM32F407ZGT6 chip based on a Cortex-M4 kernel.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the command generation module is used for generating a command for controlling the electric switch emergency protection and outputting information for controlling the electric switch emergency protection command through an address, a data length, a command capacity and an automatic control priority sequence; the data visualization module is used for visually displaying an electric switch emergency protection command so as to improve the display capability of the electric switch emergency protection command, detecting state information of the automatic control system through the fault detection module, and early warning the electric switch emergency protection through the early warning module.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, a command generation module realizes the control of command data information through a control circuit, the method is that two groups of control modules are driven by two switching value signals, the automatic engagement control circuit does not act before the short-circuit detection is not finished, an IN3001 diode is adopted IN the control circuit to realize the locking of the control circuit, when the short-circuit detection task is executed, a relay J2 is IN a closed state, a terminal relay JZ set is controlled, a signal generation circuit is accessed to a network, a short-circuit detection feedback signal is output by comparing the changes of Uab and Ubc before and after the access to the load network, and a main control unit controls an automatic closing relay J1 through the feedback signal, thereby completing the control of a feed switch.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, the short-circuit protection module includes a voltage output module and a switch emergency protection main board, an output voltage of the voltage output module is output to the switch emergency protection main board, and the short-circuit protection module performs voltage output for turning off the voltage output module according to a control signal of the switch emergency protection main board;
the short-circuit protection module further comprises a short-circuit protection unit and a first switch unit, wherein the input end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the signal output end of the switch emergency protection mainboard, the output end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the first switch unit, and the output end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the voltage output module.
As a further technical scheme of the invention, the leakage protection module comprises a switch control module, a voltage conversion module and a triode cut-off circuit, wherein the switch control module is connected with the voltage conversion module, and the voltage conversion module is connected with the triode cut-off circuit; the working method of the leakage protection module comprises the following steps:
after the leakage protection switch is switched on, 380V alternating current is transformed by a transformer T2 and then is output by a secondary side, and then is rectified by VD3 and filtered by a capacitor C1 to provide a working power supply for VT1 and VT 2; normally, VT1 and VT2 are both in the off state; when the load end generates electric leakage and the signal current is larger than the rated leakage non-action current, a 50Hz signal voltage is added between an emitter and a base of VT1 through an L2 and C2 resonant circuit; in the positive half cycle of the signal, VT1 is conducted, VT2 is also conducted, electromagnetic release coil KR is powered on to act, S trips, and the load power supply is cut off, so that leakage protection is realized.
As a further technical scheme of the present invention, the optical coupling isolation module includes an input part, the input part includes a potentiometer RH1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the optical coupling isolation module further includes a signal isolation part and an output part; the signal isolation part comprises a positive feedback amplifying circuit, a negative feedback amplifying circuit, a linear optocoupler U1 and a linear optocoupler U2, and the signal output part comprises a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit; alternating current signals enter the positive feedback amplifying circuit and the negative feedback amplifying circuit through the potentiometer RH1, the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the amplified signals enter the linear optocoupler U1 and the linear optocoupler U2 for isolation, and the obtained signals are input into a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit of the output part and then are output.
An emergency protection method for an electric switch of an automatic control system comprises the following steps:
step one, controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch through a control module so as to analyze data information;
step two, the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and is responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload and undervoltage faults, electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection;
thirdly, forming negative feedback between the light emitting diode and the photosensitive diode of the optical coupler by designing a proper peripheral circuit by taking a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core through an optical coupling isolation module, and accurately transmitting an analog signal in the detection module;
step four, providing a data conversion component for different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module through the data exchange module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in the protection system, and performing integration analysis on isolated and dispersed power data, so that data redundancy caused by repeated entry during data storage is avoided, and the obstruction of data circulation among the modules is eliminated;
fifthly, the sizes of the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit are detected through a detection module, and the measurement precision is improved through a high-precision gain network; the detection of the monitoring data of the electric switch is realized by improving a GCN algorithm model, and the method comprises the following steps:
the GCN carries out data dimension reduction on a large amount of electric switch monitoring data, uses a characteristic pooling operation mode to extract characteristics, and combines graph convolution and characteristic pooling to better extract relevant characteristics in the data. The BP network continuously modifies the connection weight and the threshold value among the nodes of each layer through reverse calculation, so that the error between the given output and the actual output of the neural network can be minimized.
The collected electrical switch timing data set is
Figure 810631DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The time set corresponding to the power parameter in the data set is
Figure 594959DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Correcting error data in a data set in the automatic control system, calculating a missing value of a control command of the automatic control system in preprocessing, and expressing a function value as follows:
Figure 492508DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
（1）
in the formula (1), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 144069DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is representative of an electrical parameter of the electrical switch,
Figure 376336DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
a time series number representing the data collected,
Figure 771546DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
a data set representing a null character or a non-numeric character; finishing the correction of missing values in the data set of the automatic control system through a formula (1); the long time sequence is decomposed into a plurality of shorter subsequences by Fourier transform, and then each subsequence is decomposed continuously, wherein the decomposition function is expressed as:
Figure 992443DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
（2）
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
Figure 533014DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
a sequence of electrical switching data representing a degree of dispersion,
Figure 800047DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the values of the fourier coefficients are represented,
Figure 671052DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the limited long serial number is represented, and the conversion of the electric switch signal is completed through a formula (2);
the input of the GCN network is a directed horizontal view of electric switch monitoring data, the characteristic of the directed horizontal view of time sequence data is extracted by using an operation mode of characteristic pooling, and a single convolution layer of the GCN is represented as:
Figure 526881DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
（3）
in the formula (3), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 785824DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
represents the output of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 477836DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents the input of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 214848DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
the serial number of the convolutional layer is shown,
Figure 659605DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing the activation function of the GCN network,
Figure 89449DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
a matrix of adjacency is represented by a matrix of adjacency,
Figure 268758DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
the unit matrix is represented by a matrix of units,
Figure 996411DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
a matrix of the degree of representation,
Figure 639882DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
representing the weight of the convolutional layer, completing the feature extraction of the oriented horizontal visual layer by formula (3), and the operation of the pooling operation of the GCN can be represented as:
Figure 912732DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（4）
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,
Figure 828604DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents the input vector of the pooling layer,
Figure 907418DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
it is shown that the pooling operation is performed,
Figure 77500DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
a node sequence number is represented and,
Figure 583568DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
expressing the maximum number of nodes, the feature pooling operation is accomplished by equation (4).
In the above embodiment, the improved GCN algorithm model further includes a BP neural network algorithm model, when the calculated data information is output, the calculation error corrects the network parameter through back propagation, and the function is expressed as:
Figure 252315DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
（5）
in the formula (5), the first and second groups,
Figure 72504DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
representing a BP networkThe correction amount of the weight value is calculated,
Figure 424987DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
indicates the amount of the threshold correction amount,
Figure 572065DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
a hidden layer number is indicated which indicates,
Figure 9999DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
the output vector representing the node is then,
Figure 368299DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
a node of the hidden layer is represented,
Figure 27820DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
which is indicative of the correction factor(s),
Figure 813373DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
indicating an error in the electrical switching data samples,
Figure 738604DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
a metric distance representing the actual output is determined,
Figure 149862DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
representing an electrical switch sample;
finishing parameter correction of the BP network through a formula (5); the output of the output layer node can be represented as:
Figure 414622DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
（6）
in the formula (6), the first and second groups,
Figure 885923DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
a fault detection result of the electrical switch is indicated,
Figure 298450DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
which represents the output layer(s) of the device,
Figure 998553DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
indicating the output layer node sequence number.
The invention has the following positive beneficial effects: the invention not only can realize the flexible control of the automatic control system, but also can realize the evaluation of the automatic control, thereby greatly improving the emergency protection capability of the electric switch. The on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch is controlled by the control module so as to analyze data information, the emergency protection of the electric switch is carried out by the protection module, and the analog signal in the detection module is accurately transmitted by the optical coupling isolation module; the data exchange module provides data conversion components for different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module, data links are established among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in a protection system, and integrated analysis is performed on isolated and dispersed power data, so that data redundancy caused by repeated input during data storage is avoided, and the obstruction of data circulation among the modules is eliminated; the data exchange module comprises an ETL tool, a data conversion module and a data integration module; the detection module is used for detecting the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit, and the high-precision gain network is used for improving the measurement precision.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive labor, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control module according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a command generation module according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the short-circuit protection module according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the earth leakage protection module of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the opto-isolator module according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the improved GCN algorithm model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely for purposes of illustration and explanation, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1 (System)
As shown in fig. 1, an electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system comprises:
the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch so as to analyze data information; the control module comprises a command generation module, a data visualization module, a fault detection module and an early warning module;
the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and comprises a short-circuit protection module and an electric leakage protection module, wherein the short-circuit protection module is mainly responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload faults and under-voltage faults, processes monitoring data according to the three-phase voltage and current of the switch collected by the detection module, determines whether to drive the action of a protection actuating mechanism switch, and transmits the monitoring data to the control module through a serial communication interface and receives a control command; the electric leakage protection module is mainly responsible for electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection, and mainly comprises zero sequence voltage, zero sequence voltage of a power supply side and a load side and ground resistance of an electric switch according to electric switch fault characteristic quantities;
the optical coupling isolation module takes a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core, forms negative feedback between a light emitting diode and a photosensitive diode of the optical coupling through designing a proper peripheral circuit, and accurately transmits an analog signal in the detection module;
the data exchange module is used for providing a data conversion assembly aiming at different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in a protection system, integrating and analyzing isolated and dispersed power data, avoiding data redundancy caused by repeated input during data storage and eliminating obstruction of data circulation among the modules; the data exchange module comprises an ETL tool, a data conversion module and a data integration module;
the detection module is used for detecting the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit and improving the measurement precision through a high-precision gain network, wherein the detection module comprises a current detection module, a voltage detection module, a negative sequence detection module and an insulation detection module;
the output end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the optical coupling isolation module, the output end of the optical coupling isolation module is connected with the input end of the data exchange module, the output end of the data exchange module is connected with the input end of the protection module, and the output end of the protection module is connected with the input end of the control module.
In the above embodiment, the control module is mainly used to obtain a data analysis result, and send a control command to the protection module, so as to protect the electric switch, and completes the definition of the data conversion rule, the data storage structure and the data mapping relation by combining with the VISIONLL display component, presents the statistical data of the electric switch in the form of a visual chart, and presents the state change trend of the electric switch to the user, so that the user can observe the data flow direction and the state parameter change more clearly. The characteristic extraction and analysis of the electric switch data are completed by combining the graph convolution neural network and the BP neural network in the fault detection model, and the fault detection is completed together.
In a specific embodiment, the current detection module in the detection module adopts an integrated current detection amplifier chip to detect the magnitude of the load current and the zero sequence current, and the measurement accuracy can be improved to the greatest extent through a high-accuracy gain network. The negative sequence detection module is mainly used for extracting a negative sequence current component existing in a line and judging whether the switch circuit has an asymmetric overcurrent fault. The insulation detection circuit is used for monitoring the insulation condition of an electric switch of the automatic control system in real time, and the size of the insulation resistance between the switch and the ground can be calculated by collecting the voltage values at the two ends of the sampling resistor, and the insulation detection circuit is used for electric leakage locking.
As shown in FIG. 2, in the above embodiment, the control module is an STM32F407ZGT6 chip based on Cortex-M4 kernel.
In the above embodiment, the intelligent controller designed by the application is used for collecting current and voltage data of the electric switch, receiving a control command sent by the system control module to complete a corresponding protection action, and automatically completing fault detection and switching-on and switching-off control of the feed switch. According to the comprehensive consideration of the IO pin number requirement, the running speed, the data converter digit and sampling frequency, the storage space, the communication interface and the like of the intelligent controller, the STM32F407ZGT6 chip based on a Cortex-M4 kernel is used in the method, the main frequency is up to 168M, the chip is provided with a 4-26 MHz external high-speed crystal oscillator and a 32.768kHz external crystal oscillator, a 16MHz RC circuit and a 32.768kHz RC circuit are integrated inside the chip, and 3 12-bit A/D converters and 2 DMA controllers are connected to the outside of the chip. The working voltage of the main control unit is 3.3V, an LM7824 voltage stabilizing chip is added into the power supply module, 5V direct-current voltage is obtained from the output end, and then the ASM117-3.3 chip is used for converting the voltage into 3.3V voltage to be used as the working voltage of the STM32F 407. The DC/DC converter uses XL6008 chips to generate positive or negative output voltages and to switch the voltage of the control output on and off through a pin to ground.
In the above embodiment, the command generating module is configured to generate a command for controlling the electrical switching emergency protection, and output information for controlling the electrical switching emergency protection command through an address, a data length, a command capacity, and an automation control priority sequence; the data visualization module is used for visually displaying an electric switch emergency protection command so as to improve the display capability of the electric switch emergency protection command, detecting state information of the automatic control system through the fault detection module, and early warning the electric switch emergency protection through the early warning module.
As shown IN fig. 3, IN the above embodiment, the command generating module implements control of command data information through the control circuit, the method is to drive two sets of control modules through two switching value signals, the automatic engagement control circuit does not act before the short circuit detection is not completed, the control circuit employs the IN3001 diode to implement locking of the control circuit, when the short circuit detection task is executed, the relay J2 is IN a closed state, the terminal relay JZ set is controlled, the signal generating circuit is connected to the network, the short circuit detection feedback signal is output by comparing changes of Uab and Ubc before and after being connected to the load network, the main control unit controls the automatic engagement relay J1 through the feedback signal, thereby completing control of the feed switch.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the short-circuit protection module includes a voltage output module and a switch emergency protection main board, an output voltage of the voltage output module is output to the switch emergency protection main board, and the short-circuit protection module performs voltage output for turning off the voltage output module according to a control signal of the switch emergency protection main board;
the short-circuit protection module further comprises a short-circuit protection unit and a first switch unit, wherein the input end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the signal output end of the switch emergency protection mainboard, the output end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the first switch unit, and the output end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the voltage output module.
In a specific embodiment, the short-circuit protection unit further includes a diode d9 and a capacitor c11, an anode of the diode d9 is electrically connected to the signal output terminal of the switch emergency protection main board, a cathode of the diode d9 is electrically connected to the input terminal of the first switch unit and the first terminal of the capacitor c11, respectively, and the second terminal of the capacitor c11 is grounded. In one embodiment, the short-circuit protection unit further includes a resistor r24 and a resistor r25, a first end of the resistor r25 is electrically connected to the cathode of the diode d9, and a second end of the resistor r25 is electrically connected to a first end of the resistor r24 and the input end of the first switch unit, respectively.
In a further specific embodiment, the first switching unit includes a transistor q3, a capacitor c22, and a resistor r9, a base of the transistor q3 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the short-circuit protection unit, a collector of the transistor q3 is electrically connected to the voltage output module through the resistor r9, an emitter of the transistor q3 is grounded, and two ends of the capacitor c22 are respectively connected to the base of the transistor q3 and the emitter of the transistor q 3.
In a further specific embodiment, the voltage output module includes a second switch unit and an output filter unit, an input end of the second switch unit is electrically connected to an output end of the first switch unit, an output end of the second switch unit is electrically connected to an input end of the output filter unit, and an output end of the output filter unit is electrically connected to the switch emergency protection main board.
In a further embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the leakage protection module includes a switch control module, a voltage conversion module and a transistor cut-off circuit, wherein the switch control module is connected to the voltage conversion module, and the voltage conversion module is connected to the transistor cut-off circuit.
In the specific embodiment, after the leakage protection switch is switched on, 380V alternating current is transformed by the transformer T2 and then is output by the secondary side, and then is rectified by the VD3 and filtered by the capacitor C1, so as to provide working power for the VT1 and the VT 2.
Normally, VT1 and VT2 are both in the off state. When the leakage occurs at the load end and the signal current is larger than the rated leakage non-action current, the 50Hz signal voltage is added between the emitter and the base of VT1 through the L2 and C2 resonant circuit. In the positive half cycle of the signal, VT1 is conducted, VT2 is also conducted, electromagnetic release coil KR is powered on to act, S trips, and the load power supply is cut off, so that leakage protection is realized.
In the above embodiment, the ETL tool is an abbreviation of Extract-Transform-Load in english, and is used to describe the process of extracting (Extract), converting (Transform), and loading (Load) data from the source end to the destination end. The popular way of (data warehouse structure) is to extract data from a data source, perform cleaning processing conversion, and load the data into a defined data warehouse model. The method aims to integrate scattered, disordered and standard non-uniform data in an enterprise, and provides analysis basis for enterprise decision making. The ETL is an important link of the BI project, and the quality of the design of the ETL influences the quality of generated data and is directly related to the success or failure of the BI project.
The data conversion module may normalize, discretize, Index, or WOE convert the data. Data integration is a data integration mode that collects, sorts, cleans, and converts (somewhat like ETL) data from different data sources and loads the data into a new data source to provide a unified data view for data consumers. Data consolidation is the process of sharing or merging data from two or more applications, creating one enterprise application with more functionality. Traditional business applications are strongly object-oriented-that is, they rely on persistent data structures to model business entities and processes. When this happens, the logical approach is to integrate through data sharing or merging, while in other cases, data from one application may be reconstructed to match the data structure of another application and then written directly into another database.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the optical coupling isolation module includes an input part, the input part includes a potentiometer RH1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, and the optical coupling isolation module further includes a signal isolation part and an output part; the signal isolation part comprises a positive feedback amplifying circuit, a negative feedback amplifying circuit, a linear optocoupler U1 and a linear optocoupler U2, and the signal output part comprises a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit; alternating current signals enter a positive feedback amplifying circuit and a negative feedback amplifying circuit through a potentiometer RH1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the amplified signals enter a linear optocoupler U1 and a linear optocoupler U2 for isolation, and the obtained signals are input to a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit of an output part and then are output.
In a specific embodiment, the optical coupling isolation module improves the stability and linearity of the signal isolation amplifying circuit.
Example 2 (method)
Step one, controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch through a control module so as to analyze data information;
step two, the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and is responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload and undervoltage faults, electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection;
thirdly, forming negative feedback between the light emitting diode and the photosensitive diode of the optical coupler by designing a proper peripheral circuit by taking a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core through the optical coupling isolation module, and accurately transmitting the analog signal in the detection module;
step four, providing a data conversion component for different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module through the data exchange module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in the protection system, integrating and analyzing isolated and dispersed power data, avoiding data redundancy caused by repeated input during data storage, and eliminating obstruction of data circulation among modules;
fifthly, the sizes of the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit are detected through a detection module, and the measurement precision is improved through a high-precision gain network; the detection of the monitoring data of the electric switch is realized by improving a GCN algorithm model, and the method comprises the following steps:
the GCN carries out data dimension reduction on a large amount of electric switch monitoring data, uses a characteristic pooling operation mode to extract characteristics, and combines graph convolution and characteristic pooling to better extract relevant characteristics in the data. The BP network continuously modifies the connection weight and the threshold value among the nodes of each layer through reverse calculation, so that the error between the given output and the actual output of the neural network can be minimized.
The collected electrical switch timing sequence data set is
Figure 367086DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
The time set corresponding to the power parameter in the data set is
Figure 760021DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Correcting error data in a data set in the automatic control system, calculating a missing value of a control command of the automatic control system in preprocessing, and expressing a function value as follows:
Figure 659844DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
（1）
in the formula (1), the first and second groups,
Figure 412905DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
is representative of an electrical parameter of the electrical switch,
Figure 448994DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
a time series number representing the data collected,
Figure 12831DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
a data set representing a null character or a non-numeric character; finishing the correction of missing values in the data set of the automatic control system through a formula (1); the long time sequence is decomposed into a plurality of shorter subsequences by Fourier transform, and then each subsequence is decomposed continuously, wherein the decomposition function is expressed as:
Figure 586901DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
（2）
in the formula (2), the first and second groups,
Figure 691123DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
representing a sequence of discrete electrical switching data,
Figure 784981DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
the values of the fourier coefficients are represented,
Figure 582035DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
the limited long serial number is represented, and the conversion of the electric switch signal is completed through a formula (2);
the input of the GCN network is a directed horizontal view of electric switch monitoring data, the characteristic of the directed horizontal view of time sequence data is extracted by using an operation mode of characteristic pooling, and a single convolution layer of the GCN is represented as:
Figure 377822DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
（3）
in the formula (3), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 488997DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
represents the output of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 499679DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
represents the input of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 660445DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
the number of the convolutional layer is shown,
Figure 756577DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
representing the activation function of the GCN network,
Figure 140285DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
a contiguous matrix is represented that is,
Figure 458003DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
the unit matrix is represented by a matrix of units,
Figure 596860DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
a matrix of the degree of representation,
Figure 117971DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
representing the weight of the convolutional layer, completing the feature extraction of the oriented horizontal visual layer by formula (3), and the operation of the pooling operation of the GCN can be represented as:
Figure 367687DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
（4）
in the formula (4), the first and second groups,
Figure 539911DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
represents the input vector of the pooling layer,
Figure 787353DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
it is shown that the pooling operation is performed,
Figure 858077DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
a node sequence number is indicated and,
Figure 98434DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
representing nodesMaximum number, the feature pooling operation is done by equation (4).
In the above embodiment, the improved GCN algorithm model further includes a BP neural network algorithm model, when the calculated data information is output, the calculation error corrects the network parameter through back propagation, and the function is expressed as:
Figure 938214DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
（5）
in the formula (5), the first and second groups of the chemical reaction materials are selected from the group consisting of,
Figure 356557DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
the correction amount of the BP network weight is shown,
Figure 835949DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
indicates the amount of the threshold correction amount,
Figure 693047DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
a hidden layer number is indicated which indicates,
Figure 325016DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
the output vector representing the node is then,
Figure 976577DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
a node of the hidden layer is represented,
Figure 208844DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
which is indicative of the correction factor(s),
Figure 541737DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
indicating an error in the electrical switching data samples,
Figure 90530DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
a metric distance representing the actual output is calculated,
Figure 365522DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
representing an electrical switch sample;
finishing parameter correction of the BP network through a formula (5); the output of the output layer node can be represented as:
Figure 632556DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
（6）
in the formula (6), the first and second groups,
Figure 503560DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
indicating the result of the fault detection of the electrical switch,
Figure 359389DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
the output layer is represented by a number of layers,
Figure 618332DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
indicating the output layer node number.
Equation (6) represents the output failure detection result. And performing feature extraction on the converted electric switch time sequence data by using a set graph convolution neural network model, retaining useful information of an original graph signal by using a feature pooling layer, performing higher-level representation on node information in the graph, inputting the node information into a BP network for parameter optimization, and finally outputting a fault detection result of the electric switch. The method is characterized in that an electric switch fault detection model is established based on a Graph convolution neural Network (GCN-Pool) and a Back Propagation (BP) neural Network, firstly, a Fourier transform method is adopted to effectively and rapidly obtain fault characteristic quantity of an electric switch, a digital signal is converted from a time domain to a frequency domain to carry out spectrum analysis on a current signal, and a current side-frequency component of the electric switch signal is extracted with high sensitivity. And detecting the processed electric switch time sequence data, and fully considering the relevant characteristics of the electric switch time sequence data.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that these specific embodiments are merely illustrative and that various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the detail of the methods and systems described above may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, it is within the scope of the present invention to combine the steps of the above-described methods to perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is to be limited only by the following claims.

Claims (8)

1. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automatic control system is characterized in that: an electrical switch emergency protection system comprising:
the control module is used for controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch so as to analyze data information; the control module comprises a command generation module, a data visualization module, a fault detection module and an early warning module;
the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and comprises a short-circuit protection module and an electric leakage protection module, wherein the short-circuit protection module is mainly responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload faults and under-voltage faults, processes monitoring data according to the three-phase voltage and current of the switch collected by the detection module, determines whether to drive the action of a protection actuating mechanism switch, and transmits the monitoring data to the control module through a serial communication interface and receives a control command; the electric leakage protection module is mainly responsible for electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection, and mainly comprises zero sequence voltage, zero sequence voltage of a power supply side and a load side and ground resistance of an electric switch according to electric switch fault characteristic quantities;
the optical coupling isolation module takes a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core, forms negative feedback between a light emitting diode and a photosensitive diode of the optical coupling through designing a proper peripheral circuit, and accurately transmits an analog signal in the detection module;
the data exchange module is used for providing a data conversion component aiming at different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in a protection system, carrying out integration analysis on isolated and dispersed power data, avoiding data redundancy caused by repeated entry during data storage and eliminating obstruction of data circulation among the modules; the data exchange module comprises an ETL tool, a data conversion module and a data integration module;
the detection module is used for detecting the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit and improving the measurement precision through a high-precision gain network, wherein the detection module comprises a current detection module, a voltage detection module, a negative sequence detection module and an insulation detection module;
the output end of the detection module is connected with the input end of the optical coupling isolation module, the output end of the optical coupling isolation module is connected with the input end of the data exchange module, the output end of the data exchange module is connected with the input end of the protection module, and the output end of the protection module is connected with the input end of the control module.
2. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 1, characterised in that: the control module is an STM32F407ZGT6 chip based on a Cortex-M4 kernel.
3. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the command generation module is used for generating a command for controlling the electric switch emergency protection and outputting information for controlling the electric switch emergency protection command through an address, a data length, a command capacity and an automatic control priority sequence; the data visualization module is used for visually displaying an electric switch emergency protection command so as to improve the display capability of the electric switch emergency protection command, detecting state information of the automatic control system through the fault detection module, and early warning the electric switch emergency protection through the early warning module.
4. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the command generation module realizes the control of command data information through a control circuit, the method is that two groups of control modules are driven through two switching value signals, the automatic closing control circuit does not act before the short-circuit detection is not finished, an IN3001 diode is adopted IN the control circuit to realize the locking of the control circuit, when the short-circuit detection task is executed, a relay J2 is IN a closed state, a terminal relay JZ set is controlled, a signal generation circuit is connected to a network, a short-circuit detection feedback signal is output by comparing the changes of Uab and Ubc before and after the signal generation circuit is connected to the load network, a main control unit controls an automatic closing relay J1 through the feedback signal, and therefore the control of a feed switch is finished.
5. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the short-circuit protection module comprises a voltage output module and a switch emergency protection mainboard, wherein the output voltage of the voltage output module is output to the switch emergency protection mainboard, and the short-circuit protection module is used for switching off the voltage output of the voltage output module according to a control signal of the switch emergency protection mainboard;
the short-circuit protection module further comprises a short-circuit protection unit and a first switch unit, wherein the input end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the signal output end of the switch emergency protection mainboard, the output end of the short-circuit protection unit is electrically connected with the input end of the first switch unit, and the output end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the voltage output module.
6. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the leakage protection module comprises a switch control module, a voltage conversion module and a triode cut-off circuit, wherein the switch control module is connected with the voltage conversion module, and the voltage conversion module is connected with the triode cut-off circuit; the working method of the leakage protection module comprises the following steps:
after the leakage protection switch is switched on, 380V alternating current is transformed by a transformer T2 and then is output by a secondary side, and then is rectified by VD3 and filtered by a capacitor C1 to provide a working power supply for VT1 and VT 2; normally, VT1 and VT2 are both in the off state; when the load end generates electric leakage and the signal current is larger than the rated leakage non-action current, a 50Hz signal voltage is added between an emitter and a base of VT1 through an L2 and C2 resonant circuit; in the positive half cycle of the signal, VT1 is conducted, VT2 is also conducted, the electromagnetic release coil KR is electrified to act, S trips, and a load power supply is cut off, so that leakage protection is realized.
7. An electric switch emergency protection system of an automation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the optical coupling isolation module comprises an input part, the input part comprises a potentiometer RH1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, and the optical coupling isolation module further comprises a signal isolation part and an output part; the signal isolation part comprises a positive feedback amplifying circuit, a negative feedback amplifying circuit, a linear optocoupler U1 and a linear optocoupler U2, and the signal output part comprises a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit; alternating current signals enter a positive feedback amplifying circuit and a negative feedback amplifying circuit through a potentiometer RH1, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, the amplified signals enter a linear optocoupler U1 and a linear optocoupler U2 for isolation, and the obtained signals are input to a low-pass filtering amplifying circuit of an output part and then are output.
8. An emergency protection method for an electric switch of an automatic control system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, controlling the on-off of the emergency protection of the electric switch through a control module so as to analyze data information;
step two, the protection module is used for carrying out emergency protection on the electric switch and is responsible for the protection work of short-circuit faults, open-phase faults, overload and undervoltage faults, electric leakage locking and selective electric leakage protection;
thirdly, forming negative feedback between the light emitting diode and the photosensitive diode of the optical coupler by designing a proper peripheral circuit by taking a linear optical coupling isolation circuit as a core through the optical coupling isolation module, and accurately transmitting the analog signal in the detection module;
step four, providing a data conversion component for different types of heterogeneous data sources in the electric switch emergency protection acquisition module through the data exchange module, establishing data links among a plurality of application modules, a database and terminal equipment in the protection system, integrating and analyzing isolated and dispersed power data, avoiding data redundancy caused by repeated input during data storage, and eliminating obstruction of data circulation among modules;
fifthly, detecting the magnitudes of the current, the load current and the zero sequence current in the circuit through a detection module, and improving the measurement precision through a high-precision gain network; the detection of the monitoring data of the electric switch is realized by improving a GCN algorithm model, and the method comprises the following steps:
the GCN network carries out data dimensionality reduction on a large amount of electric switch monitoring data, the characteristics are extracted in a characteristic pooling operation mode, the graph convolution and the characteristic pooling are combined to better extract relevant characteristics in the data, and the BP network continuously modifies the connection weight and the threshold value among all layer nodes through reverse calculation so that the error between the given output and the actual output of the neural network can be minimized;
the collected electrical switch timing sequence data set is
Figure 717861DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The time set corresponding to the power parameter in the data set is
Figure 660409DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Correcting error data in a data set in the automatic control system, calculating a missing value of a control command of the automatic control system in preprocessing, and expressing a function value as follows:
Figure 285294DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
（1）
in the formula (1), the first and second groups,
Figure 643595DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
is representative of an electrical parameter of the electrical switch,
Figure 116164DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
a time series number representing the data collected,
Figure 416564DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
a data set representing a null character or a non-numeric character; finishing the correction of missing values in the data set of the automatic control system through a formula (1); fourier transform decomposes a long-time sequence into a plurality of binsShort subsequences, and then each subsequence is decomposed continuously, wherein the decomposition function is expressed as:
Figure 341795DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
（2）
in the formula (2), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 503786DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
representing a sequence of discrete electrical switching data,
Figure 758093DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the values of the fourier coefficients are represented,
Figure 42444DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
the limited long serial number is represented, and the conversion of the electric switch signal is completed through a formula (2);
the input of the GCN network is a directed horizontal view of electric switch monitoring data, the characteristic of the directed horizontal view of time sequence data is extracted by using an operation mode of characteristic pooling, and a single convolution layer of the GCN is represented as:
Figure 392654DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
（3）
in the formula (3), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 607603DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
represents the output of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 789186DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
represents the input of the i-th convolutional layer,
Figure 916542DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
the serial number of the convolutional layer is shown,
Figure 816365DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing the activation function of the GCN network,
Figure 569426DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
a contiguous matrix is represented that is,
Figure 808778DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
the unit matrix is represented by a matrix of units,
Figure 169352DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
a matrix of the degree of representation,
Figure 743421DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
representing the weight of the convolutional layer, completing the feature extraction of the oriented horizontal visual layer by formula (3), and the operation of the pooling operation of the GCN can be represented as:
Figure 113223DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
（4）
in the formula (4), the first and second groups of the chemical reaction are shown in the specification,
Figure 941502DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
represents the input vector of the pooling layer,
Figure 925507DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
it is shown that the pooling operation is performed,
Figure 534343DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
a node sequence number is represented and,
Figure 645518DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
expressing the maximum number of nodes, and completing the feature pooling operation through formula (4);
the improved GCN algorithm model also comprises a BP neural network algorithm model, when the calculation data information is output, the calculation error corrects the network parameters through back propagation, and the function is expressed as:
Figure 656200DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
（5）
in the formula (5), the first and second groups,
Figure 811106DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
the correction quantity of the BP network weight value is shown,
Figure 844921DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
indicates the amount of the threshold correction amount,
Figure 556525DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
a hidden layer number is indicated which indicates,
Figure 608664DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
the output vector representing the node is then,
Figure 747521DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
a node of the hidden layer is represented,
Figure 268632DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
which is indicative of the correction factor(s),
Figure 705299DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
representing the error in the electrical switching data sample,
Figure 690572DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
a metric distance representing the actual output is calculated,
Figure 938014DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
representing an electrical switch sample;
finishing parameter correction of the BP network through a formula (5); the output of the output layer node can be represented as:
Figure 8738DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
（6）
in the formula (6), the first and second groups of the compound,
Figure 243236DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
indicating the result of the fault detection of the electrical switch,
Figure 20699DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
the output layer is represented by a number of layers,
Figure 501359DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
indicating the output layer node number.
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