CN114927755A - Application of cyano-containing star-like amine compound in non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery, non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Application of cyano-containing star-like amine compound in non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery, non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- -1 amine compound Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013385 LiN(SO2C2F5)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 78
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- FYYPYNRGACGNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[bis(2-cyanoethyl)amino]propanenitrile Chemical compound N#CCCN(CCC#N)CCC#N FYYPYNRGACGNNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007922 dissolution test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYOZKLLJJHRFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].N Chemical compound [F].N VYOZKLLJJHRFNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and provides application of a cyano-containing star-like amine compound in a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte and the lithium ion battery; the cyano-containing star-like amine compound provided by the invention can improve the capability of dewatering the non-aqueous electrolyte and inhibiting acid generation, has strong complexing capability with metal ions, can reduce the dissolution of transition metal in the battery circulation process, and reduces the interface reaction between the electrolyte and an electrode material, thereby improving the overall cycle life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to application of a cyano-containing star-shaped amine compound in a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte and the lithium ion battery.
Background
Since its birth in 1991, lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the fields of 3C digital products, electric tools and electric vehicles because of their advantages of high operating voltage, wide operating temperature range, high energy density and long service life. The lithium battery electrolyte is one of four main materials of the lithium ion battery, is used as an ion transmission carrier, plays a role in transmitting ions, plays a key role in the performance of the lithium ion battery, and is also called as 'blood' of the lithium ion battery. The traditional lithium ion electrolyte consists of three parts, namely lithium salt, an organic solvent and various functional additives. It is well known that moisture and acidity in the electrolyte of a lithium ion battery are important indicators for controlling the quality of the electrolyte, and the moisture in the electrolyte causes the hydrolysis and the increase of the acidity of lithium salt, which directly affects the capacity, cycle life and safety performance of the battery. Therefore, the moisture and acidity of the electrolyte must be strictly controlled during the production, storage and use of the electrolyte. The moisture and acidity in the electrolyte may be derived from trace moisture contained in raw materials in production, or from a container in the electrolyte preparation process, even from the battery assembly process, and the battery accessories can bring in trace moisture, so that the moisture content and acidity of the electrolyte are increased. The existence of moisture in the electrolyte can directly affect the quality guarantee period and stability of the electrolyte, and the service performance and service life of the electrolyte are reduced. In addition, moisture in the electrolyte causes irreversible decomposition of the lithium salt, which is particularly severe with the lithium salt lithium hexafluorophosphate, which is commonly used in the electrolyte, and produces hydrofluoric acid and lithium fluoride through a series of reactions with water. The hydrofluoric acid can corrode the anode material, so that the material structure collapses and fails; and lithium fluoride can be deposited on the electrode interface, so that interface polarization and internal resistance are increased, the insertion and extraction of lithium ions are influenced, and finally the service life of the battery is reduced.
In recent years, the pursuit of high energy density for lithium ion batteries has made the trend of high voltage and high nickel content of positive electrode materials increasingly apparent. To synthesize structurally ordered layered nickelic cathode materials, it is generally necessary to add an excess of the lithium source so that the nickelic material surface contains residual active lithiates, such as: lithium oxide and lithium peroxide, both of which react with water and carbon dioxide to produce lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate, slow the transport of lithium ions and result in irreversible capacity loss. Therefore, high nickel positive electrode materials are also very sensitive to moisture, and electrolytes used in match therewith also require higher requirements in terms of moisture and acidity control. In addition, it is known that the improvement of the working voltage of the lithium ion battery and the high nickel content of the positive electrode material both aggravate the interfacial reaction between the electrolyte and the electrode material, force the transition metal in the positive electrode material to be dissolved out into the electrolyte and deposited on the surface of the negative electrode material, so that the structure of the positive electrode material is damaged, and simultaneously, the reduction reaction on the surface of the negative electrode is promoted, the consumption of electrolysis is increased, and finally, the cycle life of the lithium battery is seriously influenced.
In the prior art, in controlling acidity and moisture removal of lithium ion battery electrolyte, a small amount of amines or silazanes are added in the process of preparing the electrolyte, such as: tributylamine, triethylamine, hexamethyldisilazane and heptamethyldisilamine, etc. However, the effect of such additives is not completely ideal, and the above additives react with an acid to generate a non-aqueous solvent-insoluble substance, precipitate, and affect the cycle performance of the battery. In addition, such additives do not help to inhibit the interfacial reaction between the electrolyte and the cathode material, and it is difficult to meet the demand of the current lithium battery material for development toward high voltage and high nickel.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an application of a cyano-containing star-shaped amine compound in a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, and aims to solve the problems that an existing electrolyte additive has a poor effect of inhibiting interfacial reaction between an electrolyte and a positive electrode material, and the existing lithium battery material is difficult to meet the requirements of the development of high-voltage and high-nickel directions.
The embodiment of the invention is realized by applying the cyano-containing star-like amine compound to the nonaqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, wherein the structure of the cyano-containing star-like amine compound is shown as the formula I:
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, which contains the cyano group-containing star amine compound.
Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery comprising the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The cyano-containing star amine compound provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the water removal capability and the acid generation inhibition capability of a non-aqueous electrolyte, has strong complexing capability with metal ions, can reduce the dissolution of transition metal in the battery circulation process, and reduces the interface reaction between the electrolyte and an electrode material, thereby improving the overall cycle life of the battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of the results of a nonaqueous electrolyte acidity suppression test provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the results of a battery performance test provided by an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the results of a dissolution test of a transition metal in the anode material after the recovery cycle according to the example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
The application provides an application of a cyano-containing star-like amine compound in a non-aqueous electrolyte of a lithium ion battery, wherein the structure of the cyano-containing star-like amine compound is shown as a formula I:
Embodiments of the present application also provide a nonaqueous electrolyte solution, which includes the cyano-containing star amine compound.
The cyano-containing star-shaped amine compound shown in the formula I is added into the non-aqueous electrolyte used for the lithium ion battery as an additive, and the using amount accounts for 0.01wt% to 10.0wt% of the total mass of the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery, more preferably 0.1wt% to 1.0wt%, such as 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1.0wt%, and most preferably 0.25 wt%. When 0.25wt% of the total electrolyte is added, the storage life of the electrolyte can be prolonged by effectively removing water and inhibiting the increase of acid content in the electrolyte, and meanwhile, the cycle performance of the high-nickel anode material under high pressure can be obviously improved, the dissolution of transition metal can be effectively inhibited, and the overall cycle life of the battery can be prolonged.
The application provides another non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium ion battery, which also comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent.
In some embodiments, carbonate-based solvents are used as organic solvents, such as: one or more of chain carbonates and cyclic carbonates are included as the organic solvent.
Among them, chain carbonates are as follows: but are not limited to, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, which are used alone or in combination in the present invention.
Among them, cyclic carbonates are: but are not limited to, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, and fluoroethylene carbonate, which are used alone or in combination in the present invention.
The mixed solution of the cyclic carbonate organic solvent with high dielectric constant and the chain carbonate organic solvent with low viscosity is used as the solvent of the lithium ion battery electrolyte, so that the mixed solution of the organic solvent has high ionic conductivity, high dielectric constant and low viscosity. The preferred embodiment in this application is a combination of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, which can be mixed in any ratio.
In some embodimentsLithium salts such as: but is not limited to, LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiSbF 6 、LiAsF 6 、LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 、LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 、LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 And LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 These lithium salts are used in the present invention alone or in combination, wherein LiPF is used 6 Has balanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance, relatively low production cost and is most widely used in lithium ion batteries, so that the application prefers LiPF 6 。
The electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery prepared from the non-aqueous electrolyte for the lithium ion battery provided by the application is remarkably improved, such as: the overall cycle life of the battery is prolonged, and particularly the lithium ion battery with high nickel anode material (the nickel content is equal to or more than 60 percent).
The application provides a lithium ion battery, still includes negative pole, positive pole and diaphragm.
In one embodiment of the lithium ion battery, the cathode active material is LiNi x Co y Mn z L (1-x-y-z) O 2 Wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x + y + z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
In another embodiment of the lithium ion battery, the active material of the cathode is LiCo x L (1-x) O 2 Wherein L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0<x≤1。
The test methods used in the following examples of the present application are specifically illustrated below:
1) cyanogroup-containing star amine compound
In this embodiment, tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine is used as the cyano-containing star amine compound, and the amount of the cyano-containing aliphatic amine compound added is preferably 0.01wt% to 10.0wt%, more preferably 0.1wt% to 1.0wt%, for example, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.25wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt%, 0.6wt%, 0.7wt%, 0.8wt%, 0.9wt%, 1.0wt%, and most preferably 0.25wt%, based on the total mass of the nonaqueous electrolyte solution of the lithium ion battery.
2) Preparation of electrolyte
Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) are mixed according to the mass ratio: EC EMC 3:7 or 4:6, and after mixing, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was added at a concentration of 1.2mol/L 6 ). The cyano-containing chain amine compound was not added or added in an amount of 0.25wt% based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
3) Button cell assembly
And sequentially putting a metal elastic sheet and a stainless steel spacer into a button cell negative shell containing a plastic sealing ring, dropwise adding the electrolyte in a half volume of the electrolyte in the comparative example or the embodiment, dropwise adding the electrolyte in the other half comparative example or the embodiment after placing a Celgard2320 diaphragm, sequentially putting the prepared positive plate and the stainless steel spacer, and finally covering the positive shell, compacting and sealing.
4) Acidity suppression test of electrolyte
In a glove box under argon atmosphere, 2mL of each of the formulated electrolytes was added to a 4mL clear glass sample bottle and transferred to a fume hood. And after 100 muL of deionized water is added into each sample bottle, sealing the sample bottle and regularly observing and photographing.
5) Battery performance testing
The prepared lithium ion battery electrolytes are respectively added into a button battery with a ternary material as a positive electrode, a mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) as a negative electrode and a Celgard2320 as a diaphragm, the rated capacity of the battery is about 3mAh, and the battery is subjected to cycle performance test. The battery is placed in a constant temperature box with constant temperature of 30 ℃, is charged to 4.35V with constant current and constant voltage of 0.1C and has cut-off current of 0.05C, and then is discharged to 3.0V with constant current of 0.1C, and the cycle is carried out for 4 circles. And starting to charge to 4.35V at the 5 th circle by using a current constant current and a constant voltage of 0.5C, discharging to 3.0V at the constant current of 0.5C, circulating to 104 circles in such a way, taking the discharge specific capacity of the 5 th circle as the initial discharge specific capacity, and calculating the capacity retention rate according to the following steps.
Capacity retention ratio (%) at n-th turn (= (specific discharge capacity at n-th turn/specific discharge capacity at 5-th turn) × 100%.
6) Dissolution test of transition metal of recycled negative electrode material
And (3) disassembling the button cell containing the electrolyte after circulation is finished, washing the circulated MCMB negative plate by using anhydrous methyl carbonate, scraping the graphite coating from the negative plate, weighing, and loading into a quartz boat. And (3) putting the quartz boat into a muffle furnace, heating to 700 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 8 hours to remove organic substances in the sample. And naturally cooling to obtain a residual sample, dissolving the residual sample with a small amount of ultrapure water, 3mL of hydrochloric acid and 2mL of nitric acid, digesting for 1 hour at 220 ℃ in a graphite digestion instrument, transferring the obtained solution into a 25mL volumetric flask, performing constant volume with the ultrapure water, and finally testing with Agilent 5110VDV type ICP-AES to obtain the content of the transition metal in the negative electrode.
Example 1
Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed at a mass ratio of EC: EMC of 3:7, and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was added 6 ) The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2mol/L, and tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine (T3 CN) was added in an amount of 0.25% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a positive electrode LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 831205) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, wherein the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Example 2
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC to EMC being 4:6, and adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2mol/L, and tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine (T3 CN) was added in an amount of 0.25% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a positive electrode LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 831205) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, wherein the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Example 3
Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed at a mass ratio of EC: EMC of 3:7, and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was added 6 ) The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2mol/L, and tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine (T3 CN) was added in an amount of 0.25% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. Will be provided withThe prepared electrolyte is added into the positive electrode and is LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM 622) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, wherein the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Example 4
Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) were mixed at a mass ratio of EC: EMC of 3:7, and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) was added 6 ) The concentration of the lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2mol/L, and tris (2-cyanoethyl) amine (T3 CN) was added in an amount of 0.25% based on the total mass of the electrolyte. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a positive electrode LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 900505) ternary material, wherein the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, and the rated capacity of the button cell is about 3 mAh.
Comparative example 1
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC to EMC of 3:7, and adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2 mol/L. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a cathode material LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 831205) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), the diaphragm is Celgard2320, and the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Comparative example 2
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC to EMC being 4:6, and adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2 mol/L. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a positive electrode LiNi 0.83 Co 0.12 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 831205) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, wherein the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Comparative example 3
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC to EMC of 3:7, and adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2 mol/L. Adding the prepared electrolyte intoThe positive electrode is LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 (NCM 622) ternary material, the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, wherein the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
Comparative example 4
Mixing Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) according to the mass ratio of EC to EMC of 3:7, and adding lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF) 6 ) The concentration of lithium salt in the electrolyte was adjusted to 1.2 mol/L. Adding the prepared electrolyte into a cathode material LiNi 0.9 Co 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM 900505) ternary material, wherein the cathode is mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and the diaphragm is Celgard2320, and the rated capacity of the battery is about 3 mAh.
The respective electrolytes prepared in examples 1 to 2 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to an acidity suppression test of the electrolyte, and the test results are shown in fig. 1.
Comparative examples 1 and 2 lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte was hydrolyzed by the addition of water to produce a low solubility lithium salt which caused the electrolyte to become cloudy and a highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid which corroded the glass sample bottle.
The electrolytes of examples 1 and 2 remained clear liquid after one week of standing, and showed no significant corrosion of the glass sample bottles, showing good acid-inhibiting, water-removing function of the multifunctional additive.
It is thus seen that the cyano group-containing star amine compound is easily bonded to water molecules due to the presence of the cyano group, and can bond to lithium salt molecules prior to water and the solvent in the electrolyte, thereby inhibiting the hydrolysis reaction of lithium hexafluorophosphate in the electrolyte. In addition, the cyano-containing star amine compound is an amine compound, and the Lewis base of the compound can be combined with hydrofluoric acid already existing in the electrolyte to generate fluorine ammonium salt, so that the aim of removing the free hydrofluoric acid is fulfilled.
The respective electrolytes prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were subjected to a battery performance test, and the test results are shown in fig. 2.
The electrolytes of examples 1 to 2 exhibited better capacity retention rates than the electrolytes of comparative examples 1 to 2 when used in lithium ion batteries, and it was confirmed that the cyano-containing star amine compound not only extended the shelf life of the electrolyte but also promoted the performance of the lithium ion batteries. The reason is that the additive can inhibit the generation of acid and the subsequent decomposition reaction of the electrolyte, reduce the damage of the electrolyte to an electrode in the circulating process, and indicate that the additive can be used in electrolyte solvent systems mixed in different proportions. In examples 3 to 4, the same electrolyte solution of star amine compound containing cyano group was used for different positive electrode materials NMC622 and NMC900505, and both showed better capacity retention than the battery without additive, indicating that the electrolyte solution containing such additive can be used for different positive electrode materials.
The structural damage of the cathode material is usually caused by an oxidative decomposition reaction of the electrolyte on the surface of the cathode, so that transition metals of nickel, cobalt and manganese in the cathode material are dissolved out into the electrolyte in the form of metal ions and are deposited on the surface of the cathode, and the process not only gradually causes the collapse of the cathode material structure, but also promotes the reduction reaction of the electrolyte on the surface of the cathode, so that the SEI film thickness of the cathode is continuously increased, the impedance of an interface is increased, and the transmission of lithium ions is influenced.
In the experiment, the elution condition of the transition metal of the cathode material in the circulation process is generally quantitatively analyzed by measuring the content of the transition metal deposited in the cathode after the recovery cycle by ICP-AES. As shown in fig. 3, the lithium ion batteries using the electrolytes of examples 1 to 4 all exhibited lower elution amounts of transition metals than the lithium ion batteries using the electrolytes of comparative examples 1 to 4, and the cyano group-containing star amine compound of the present example was shown to have a good effect of suppressing elution of transition metals, and at the same time, it was also laterally reflected that the cyano group-containing star amine compound effectively reduced damage to the positive electrode junction structure during the cycle, and was suitable for electrolyte systems of different ratios and different positive electrode material systems.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the cyano-containing star amine compound in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is characterized in that the structure of the cyano-containing star amine compound is shown as a formula I:
2. The use of the cyano-containing star amine compound in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries according to claim 1, wherein the cyano-containing star amine compound is added to the nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries in an amount of 0.01wt% to 10.0 wt%.
3. A nonaqueous electrolytic solution characterized by comprising the cyano-containing star amine compound according to claim 1.
4. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of claim 3, wherein the amount of the cyano-containing star amine compound is 0.01wt% to 10.0 wt%.
5. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of claim 3, further comprising a lithium salt and an organic solvent; the lithium salt is LiPF 6 、LiBF 4 、LiSbF 6 、LiAsF 6 、LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 、LiN(SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 、LiC(SO 2 CF 3 ) 3 And LiN (SO) 2 F) 2 One or more of the above; the organic solvent is a carbonate solvent.
6. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent is one or more selected from dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and fluoroethylene carbonate.
7. A lithium ion battery comprising the nonaqueous electrolytic solution according to any one of claims 3 to 6.
8. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, further comprising a high nickel positive electrode material.
9. The lithium ion battery of claim 7, further comprising a cathode material, wherein an active material of the cathode material is LiNi x Co y Mn z L (1-x-y-z) O 2 Wherein, L is one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1, and x + y + z is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1.
10. The lithium ion battery of claim 9, wherein the active material of the cathode is LiCo x L (1-x) O 2 Wherein L is one of Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si and Fe, 0<x≤1。
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