CN114927679A - Lithium battery negative electrode slurry and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Lithium battery negative electrode slurry and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114927679A
CN114927679A CN202210214567.3A CN202210214567A CN114927679A CN 114927679 A CN114927679 A CN 114927679A CN 202210214567 A CN202210214567 A CN 202210214567A CN 114927679 A CN114927679 A CN 114927679A
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negative electrode
slurry
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CN114927679B (en
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张卫龙
周中心
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Shanghai Lanjun New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
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    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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    • H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a lithium battery cathode slurry and a preparation method thereof, wherein the lithium battery cathode slurry comprises a solvent, a binder and powder, and the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of graphite, 53-55 parts of silicon cathode, 0.18-0.4 part of conductive agent, 0.22-0.6 part of single-walled carbon nanotube and 1.0-1.8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the solvent comprises deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone. The preparation method comprises dry mixing, kneading, diluting, pulping, slow stirring and vacuumizing. Compared with the prior art, the invention can improve the energy density, and the invention provides a novel mixed pulping method which can improve the stability of the pulp and reduce the adverse effect caused during coating.

Description

Lithium battery negative electrode slurry and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery processing, in particular to lithium battery negative electrode slurry and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the electrode manufacturing process of the lithium ion battery, the anode slurry is composed of an adhesive, a conductive agent, an anode material and the like; the negative electrode slurry is composed of a binder, graphite carbon powder and the like. The preparation of the positive electrode slurry and the negative electrode slurry comprises a series of processes of mixing, dissolving, dispersing and the like between liquid and between liquid and solid materials, and the processes are accompanied by changes of temperature, viscosity, environment and the like. In the positive electrode slurry and the negative electrode slurry, the dispersibility and uniformity of the granular active substances directly influence the movement of lithium ions between two electrodes of the battery, so that the mixing and dispersion of the slurry of each electrode plate material in the production of the lithium ion battery are very important, and the quality of the dispersion of the slurry directly influences the quality of the subsequent production of the lithium ion battery and the performance of the product thereof.
Lithium ion battery electrode paste is one of fluids, and in general, fluids can be classified into newtonian fluids and non-newtonian fluids. The non-Newtonian fluid can be classified into dilatant fluid, time-dependent non-Newtonian fluid, pseudoplastic fluid, Bingham plastic fluid and the like. Newtonian fluids are low-viscosity fluids which are very easy to deform after being stressed and have shear stress in direct proportion to the deformation rate, and the shear stress at any point is in a linear function relationship with the shear deformation rate. Many fluids in nature are newtonian fluids. Most pure liquids such as water and alcohol, light oil, low molecular compound solutions, and gases flowing at low speed are newtonian fluids. non-Newtonian fluids, are fluids that do not satisfy the experimental laws of Newtonian viscosity, i.e., fluids whose shear stress and shear strain rate are not linear. Non-newtonian fluids are widely found in life, production and nature. Concentrated solutions and suspensions of high molecular weight polymers, etc., are generally non-newtonian fluids. Most biological fluids belong to the non-newtonian fluids now defined. In humans, many body fluids such as blood, lymph, cystic fluid, and "semifluid" such as cytoplasm are non-newtonian fluids.
The electrode slurry is composed of a plurality of raw materials with different specific gravities and different particle sizes, and is formed by solid-liquid phase mixing and dispersing, and belongs to non-Newtonian fluid. The lithium battery slurry can be divided into two types of positive electrode slurry and negative electrode slurry, and the properties of the slurry are different due to different slurry systems (oil and water).
At present, graphite used as a main material is adopted by a negative electrode, and pulping is divided into dry pulping and wet pulping. The capacity of the prior art can not meet the requirement, the theoretical gram capacity of the graphite material in the negative electrode is 372mAh/g (1 lithium ion is inserted into each 6 carbon atoms to form a LiC6 structure), but the practical maximum is about 330-350 mAh/g. At present, the maximum limit of high-end products reaches 360-365mAh/g, which is close to the theoretical capacity, but the graphite cathode material gradually reaches the upper limit, so that new materials with higher energy density and new processes are needed to meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide lithium battery negative electrode slurry and a preparation method thereof, which are used for improving energy density.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: the lithium battery negative electrode slurry comprises a solvent, a binder and powder, wherein the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of graphite, 53-55 parts of silicon cathode, 0.18-0.4 part of conductive agent, 0.22-0.6 part of single-walled carbon nanotube and 1.0-1.8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the solvent comprises deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone.
In the invention, the silicon cathode is silicon oxide and composite material SiO-C.
In the invention, the reason for adding the single-walled carbon nanotube is that the volume of silicon expands greatly in the charging and discharging process of the battery, and cracks can be generated after the expansion, so that the silicon cathode is granulated, and the connection between silicon cathode material particles is broken, so that the silicon cathode battery is attenuated quickly. The single-walled carbon nanotube can solve the problem and simultaneously meet the fundamental problem of the application of the silicon cathode in the lithium battery. Due to the advantages of good conductivity, high strength, high flexibility and the like, the single-walled carbon nanotube has small addition amount in the proportion of ingredients and can simultaneously meet the capability of forming coating and connection in the material, and after the silicon cathode is introduced, the single-walled carbon nanotube can cover the surface of silicon particles and establish high conductivity and durable connection among the silicon particles. The single-walled carbon nanotube can effectively prolong the cycle life of the silicon cathode, and the battery with high silicon content can meet the requirement of the cycle life by adding the single-walled carbon nanotube.
Preferably, the binder is styrene-butadiene rubber latex.
Preferably, the solid content of the anode slurry is 55% ± 5%.
The preparation method of the lithium battery negative electrode slurry comprises the following steps:
(1) dry mixing: dry-mixing graphite, a conductive agent and part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose to obtain first powder, dry-mixing a silicon cathode and a single-walled carbon nanotube to obtain second powder, and dry-mixing the first powder and the second powder to obtain dry mixture;
(2) kneading: adding deionized water into the dry mixture, stirring, adding the rest sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and continuing kneading;
(3) diluting: adding deionized water and N-methylpyrrolidone, and stirring;
(4) pulping: adding a binder and stirring;
(5) slowly stirring and vacuumizing: vacuumizing and stirring continuously.
Preferably, in the step (1), the parameters of the first powder, the second powder and the dry mixture are as follows: the stirring revolution is 20-80rpm, the rotation is 500-2000rpm, the stirring time is 2-5min, and the temperature is 15-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the parameters after adding the deionized water into the dry mixture are as follows: stirring revolution is 30-80rpm, rotation is 1000-3000rpm, stirring time is 10-20min, wall scraping treatment is carried out in the process, and the temperature is 25 +/-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (2), the stirring revolution is 20-50rpm, the rotation is 500-2000rpm, the stirring time is 10-20min when the residual sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added and continuously kneaded, and wall scraping treatment is carried out in the process, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (3), the stirring revolution is 20-50rpm, the rotation is 500-1000rpm, the stirring time is 30-90min, and the wall scraping treatment is carried out during the process, and the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (4), the stirring revolution is 20-30rpm, the self-rotation is 500-800rpm, the stirring time is 10-30min, and the slurry cooling is carried out during the process, and the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (5), the vacuum degree is-0.095-0.085 Mpa, the stirring revolution is 10-20rpm, the rotation is 200-500rpm, the stirring time is 30-60min, and the slurry is cooled in the process, and the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ +/-10 ℃.
The manufacturing process of the invention can be carried out by adopting a double-planet stirrer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, through the formula design of the cathode slurry, the energy density can be improved, the problem of connection fracture between silicon cathode particles in the battery charging and discharging process is relieved through the single-walled carbon nanotube, and the cycle life is prolonged;
2. the invention provides a novel mixed pulping method, which can improve the stability of the pulp and reduce the adverse effect caused by coating.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, and the following examples are given to illustrate the detailed embodiments and specific procedures of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The negative electrode slurry mainly comprises the following components in addition amount:
powder material 1: first negative electrode material (graphite): 35-45%, and the total amount of the additive is marked as A;
powder 2: second anode material (silicon anode): 53-55%, and the total addition amount is marked as B;
note: the proportion of the first negative electrode material to the second negative electrode material is 94-96.5%;
powder 3: conductive agent: sp (carbon ecp): 0.18 to 0.4 percent, and the total addition amount is marked as C;
powder 4: single-walled carbon nanotubes: 0.22-0.6%, and the addition amount is marked as D;
binder (SBR): 1.0 to 1.6 percent (SBR is styrene butadiene rubber latex), and the total addition amount is marked as E;
powder 5: CMC (sodium carboxymethylcellulose): 1.0-1.8 percent, and the total addition amount is marked as F;
solvent 1: deionized water, the total amount added is marked as G;
solvent 2: NMP, the total amount added is recorded as H;
the total weight of the solvent is recorded as N, wherein the deionized water accounts for 75 percent, and the NMP accounts for 25 percent;
marking the total weight of the powder as P;
total weight of slurry, taken as M:
a) the viscosity of the negative electrode is controlled to be 5000-;
b) the solid content is 55% +/-5%
c) The weight of the solvent is added according to the mixture ratio and the total weight of the slurry;
d) note the effect of temperature and humidity on viscosity (25 ℃. + -. 5 ℃)
The preparation method comprises the following process steps:
1. dry blending (divided into 3 steps);
2. kneading (kneading is divided into two steps);
3. diluting;
4. pulping;
5. slowly stirring and vacuumizing.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: dry blending
1) And adding three powder materials of a first negative electrode material (adding enough A), a conductive agent (adding enough C) and 60% F (namely 60% of the total weight of the CMC) for dry mixing, stirring and revolving: 20-80rpm, autorotation: 500-: 2-5 min; setting specific parameters according to equipment with different volumes;
2) and simultaneously adding a second negative electrode material (adding sufficient B) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (adding sufficient D) into another stirrer for dry mixing, stirring and revolving: 20-80rpm, autorotation: 500-: 2-5 min;
note: the two steps are carried out in different stirring devices simultaneously;
3) and adding the mixed powder in the two steps into the same stirring equipment for dry mixing, stirring and revolving: 20-80rpm, autorotation: 500 and 2000rpm, stirring time: 2-5 min; finally forming the required dry mixture;
in the process, materials need to be cooled and circulated, the consistency of the materials is ensured, and the recommended temperature is between 15 and 40 ℃;
the second step is that: kneading the mixture
1) Adding a solvent 1 into the dry mixture prepared in the first step, adding according to 75% of solid content, stirring and revolving: 30-80rpm, autorotation: 1000-: 10-20 min; in the process, wall scraping treatment is required, and meanwhile, the temperature of the slurry is ensured to be reduced, and the temperature is kept at 25 +/-10 ℃;
2) and when 1) is finished, adding the residual 40 percent of CMC to continue kneading, stirring and revolving: 20-50rpm, autorotation: 500-: 10-20 min; in the process, wall scraping treatment is required, and meanwhile, the temperature of the slurry is ensured to be reduced, and the temperature is kept at 25 +/-10 ℃;
the third step: dilution of
All remaining solvents (solvent 1 and solvent 2) were added, and: here, the addition of all the remaining solvent means that the solvent used at the time of kneading is subtracted from the solvent required for setting the 55% solid content;
stirring and revolving: 20-50rpm, autorotation: 500-: 30-90 min; in the process, wall scraping treatment is required, and meanwhile, the temperature of the slurry is ensured to be reduced, and the temperature is kept at 25 +/-10 ℃;
the fourth step: pulping
Adding SBR, stirring, and stirring for revolution: 20-30rpm, autorotation: 500-800rpm, stirring time: 10-30 min; cooling the slurry in the process, and simultaneously ensuring the temperature of the slurry to be reduced, wherein the temperature is kept at 25 +/-10 ℃;
the fifth step: slowly stirring and vacuumizing
Opening the vacuum degree to-0.095-0.085 Mpa, stirring and revolving: 10-20rpm, autorotation: 200-500rpm, stirring time: 30-60 min; the in-process carries out the thick liquids cooling, guarantees the thick liquids cooling simultaneously, and the temperature keeps at 25 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
The invention changes the traditional wet pulping process, changes the defects of the prior art, and simultaneously improves the battery capacity and performance:
as shown in the table below, the cycle life of the silicon carbon cathode used alone is relatively short, and the single-walled carbon nanotube added in the invention can solve the disadvantages of the silicon cathode.
TABLE 1 comparison of various negative electrode performances
Figure BDA0003533867290000051
Figure BDA0003533867290000061
The single-walled carbon nanotube is added into the silicon cathode mixed material to manufacture the silicon cathode with SiO content of about 15-25%, 1500mAh/g specific capacity and 1500 cycles, and basically enough satisfies high energy density, high rate capability and high cost performance.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make modifications and alterations without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The lithium battery negative electrode slurry is characterized by comprising a solvent, a binder and powder, wherein the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of graphite, 53-55 parts of silicon cathode, 0.18-0.4 part of conductive agent, 0.22-0.6 part of single-walled carbon nanotube and 1.0-1.8 parts of sodium carboxymethylcellulose; the solvent comprises deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone.
2. The negative electrode slurry for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the binder is styrene-butadiene rubber latex.
3. The negative electrode slurry for lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the solid content of the negative electrode slurry is 55% ± 5%.
4. A method for manufacturing the negative electrode slurry for a lithium battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
(1) dry mixing: dry-mixing graphite, a conductive agent and part of sodium carboxymethylcellulose to obtain first powder, dry-mixing a silicon cathode and the single-walled carbon nanotube to obtain second powder, and dry-mixing the first powder and the second powder to obtain dry-mixed material;
(2) kneading: adding deionized water into the dry mixture, stirring, adding the rest sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and continuing kneading;
(3) diluting: adding deionized water and N-methyl pyrrolidone, and stirring;
(4) pulping: adding a binder and stirring;
(5) slowly stirring and vacuumizing: vacuumizing and stirring continuously.
5. The method for preparing the negative electrode slurry for the lithium battery according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the parameters of the first powder, the second powder and the dry mixture are as follows: the stirring revolution is 20-80rpm, the rotation is 500-2000rpm, the stirring time is 2-5min, and the temperature is 15-40 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the negative electrode slurry for the lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the parameters after adding the deionized water into the dry mixture are as follows: the stirring revolution is 30-80rpm, the rotation is 1000-3000rpm, the stirring time is 10-20min, and the wall scraping treatment is carried out in the process, wherein the temperature is 25 +/-10 ℃.
7. The method for preparing anode slurry of lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (2), the stirring revolution is 20-50rpm, the rotation is 500-2000rpm, the stirring time is 10-20min while the remaining sodium carboxymethylcellulose is added and kneaded, and the wall scraping treatment is performed during the stirring process, wherein the temperature is 25 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
8. The method for preparing anode slurry of lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the stirring revolution is 20-50rpm, the rotation is 500-1000rpm, the stirring time is 30-90min, and the wall scraping treatment is performed during the process, and the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
9. The method for preparing anode slurry of lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the stirring revolution is 20-30rpm, the revolution is 500-800rpm, the stirring time is 10-30min, and the slurry is cooled while the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the slurry for the negative electrode of the lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step (5), the degree of vacuum is-0.095-0.085 MPa, the rotation rate of stirring is 10-20rpm, the rotation rate of rotation is 200-500rpm, the stirring time is 30-60min, and the slurry is cooled while the temperature is kept at 25 ℃ ± 10 ℃.
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