CN114927678A - Surface modification method of silicon negative electrode material - Google Patents
Surface modification method of silicon negative electrode material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114927678A CN114927678A CN202210700893.5A CN202210700893A CN114927678A CN 114927678 A CN114927678 A CN 114927678A CN 202210700893 A CN202210700893 A CN 202210700893A CN 114927678 A CN114927678 A CN 114927678A
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 carbon quantum dot modified silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a surface modification method of a silicon negative electrode material. The modification method comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing the carbon quantum dot solution with a certain concentration and silicon powder, and reacting at the temperature of 20-180 ℃ for 1-24 h; and centrifugally separating the turbid liquid after the reaction to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain the carbon quantum dot coated silicon cathode material. The modification method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of short period, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness and the like, and the modified carbon quantum dot-coated silicon negative electrode material is greatly improved in specific capacity, first coulombic efficiency and cycling stability, and is suitable for high-energy-density lithium ion batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrode materials, and particularly relates to a surface modification method of a silicon negative electrode material.
Background
With the higher requirements of people on environment and energy, the more and more lithium ion batteries are used in various fields in life, so that the lithium ion batteries become a vital part in life of people. However, with the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the demand for lithium ion batteries with higher energy density and high performance is more urgent.
In commercial lithium ion batteries on the market today, the negative electrode material is mainly a graphite negative electrode material with good safety performance and stability (the theoretical specific capacity is 372 mAh/g). The novel silicon negative electrode material is used as a potential next-generation negative electrode material, and has the advantages that the theoretical capacity (the theoretical specific capacity is 4200mAh/g) of the novel silicon negative electrode material is far larger than that of a graphite negative electrode material, and the novel silicon negative electrode material has a moderate voltage platform (about 0.4V vs Li/Li) + ) And lower production costs. However, the silicon negative electrode material has low conductivity, and has large volume expansion (expansion rate is more than 300%) in the process of lithium ion deintercalation, so that the related electrode pulverization is stripped from a current collector, a new SEI film is continuously formed, and a large amount of Li is consumed + Resulting in a drastic drop in the capacity of the battery.
In response to these problems, the surface carbon coating is often used to increase the conductivity and suppress the volume expansion of the silicon negative electrode material. However, the process requires high temperature treatment, which results in high energy consumption and inevitably produces exhaust gas.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of volume expansion in the charging and discharging processes of the silicon negative electrode material, the surface modification method of the silicon negative electrode material is provided, and the obtained material has high specific capacity, first coulombic efficiency and good cycling stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
stirring and mixing the carbon quantum dot solution with a certain concentration and silicon powder, and reacting at the temperature of 20-180 ℃ (preferably 40-80 ℃) for 1-24 h (preferably 4-8 h); and centrifugally separating the turbid liquid after the reaction to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain the carbon quantum dot coated silicon cathode material.
More preferably, the carbon quantum dot concentration is more than 0.1 mg/ml.
More preferably, the carbon quantum dots are composed of a carbon skeleton and a surface functional group, the size of the carbon quantum dots is less than 20nm (preferably 2.5 nm-5.5 nm), and the surface functional group at least contains one of carboxyl or amino.
Preferably, the silicon powder is one of pure silicon, carbon-coated silicon or a silicon-carbon composite (preferably pure silicon), wherein the carbon content in the carbon-coated silicon is less than 5%, and the silicon content in the silicon-carbon composite is more than 1%.
More preferably, the solvent of the carbon quantum dot solution is at least one of water, absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol (preferably ethanol).
The invention uses carbon quantum dots containing carboxyl groups and amino groups to modify the surface of a silicon material. Abundant functional groups on the surface of the carbon quantum dots can form bonds with the silicon surface to inhibit the volume expansion effect of the silicon; on the other hand, the carbon quantum dots have good electronic conductivity, and the residual surface polar groups can also improve the conductivity of lithium ions. Therefore, the modification of the carbon quantum dots can simultaneously inhibit the volume expansion effect of the silicon negative electrode material and improve the electronic/ionic conductivity of the silicon negative electrode material, thereby effectively improving the electrochemical performance of the silicon negative electrode material. It is worth mentioning that the related modification process has the advantages of simple steps and low requirements on equipment, and is suitable for industrial production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the temperature in the modification treatment process is low, and the energy consumption is low;
2. no waste gas is generated in the modification treatment, and the method is environment-friendly;
3. the modification treatment period is short, and the yield is high;
4. the modified product has good contact with electrolyte.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Firstly, mixing 50ml of carbon quantum dot ethanol solution (1mg/ml) with the size of 3nm and 10g of pure silicon material powder; then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to be sufficiently contacted with the pure silicon particles and to be bonded through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon cathode material.
Respectively weighing 0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, adding the weighed materials into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution, and magnetically mixing and stirring the materials into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing, preparing a button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon anode material is superior to that of the pure silicon anode material before modification.
Example 2
Firstly, mixing 50ml of 2.5nm carbon quantum dot ethanol/water (volume ratio is 1: 10) mixed solution (1mg/ml) with 10g of pure silicon material powder; then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ℃ for 7 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to be sufficiently contacted with the pure silicon particles and to be bonded through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon cathode material.
Respectively weighing 0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, adding the weighed materials into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution, and magnetically mixing and stirring the materials into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing, preparing a button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon anode material is superior to that of the pure silicon anode material before modification.
Example 3
Firstly, 50ml of carbon quantum dot aqueous solution (2mg/ml) with the size of 2.5nm and 10g of pure silicon material powder are weighed and mixed together; then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ℃ for 7 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to sufficiently contact and be bonded to the pure silicon particles through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon cathode material.
0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR are respectively weighed according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, and are added into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution to be magnetically mixed and stirred into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing, preparing a button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon anode material is superior to that of the pure silicon anode material before modification.
Example 4
Firstly, mixing 50ml of carbon quantum dot ethanol solution (1mg/ml) with the size of 3nm and 10g of weighed carbon-coated silicon material powder (the carbon content is 1%); then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to sufficiently contact and be bonded to the carbon-coated silicon particles through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon cathode material.
0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot coated silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR are respectively weighed according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, and added into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution to be magnetically mixed and stirred into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing to prepare the button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material is superior to that of the carbon-coated silicon negative electrode material prepared by using asphalt as a carbon source.
Example 5
Firstly, mixing 50ml of 2.5nm carbon quantum dot ethanol/water (volume ratio of 1: 10) mixed solution (1mg/ml) and 10g of weighed carbon-coated silicon material powder (carbon content of 0.5 percent) together; then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ℃ for 7 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to sufficiently contact and be bonded to the carbon-coated silicon particles through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon cathode material.
0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR are respectively weighed according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, and are added into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution to be magnetically mixed and stirred into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing, preparing a button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material is superior to that of the carbon-coated silicon negative electrode material prepared by taking asphalt as a carbon source.
Example 6
Firstly, mixing 50ml of 2.5 nm-sized carbon quantum dot aqueous solution (2mg/ml) with weighed carbon-coated silicon material powder; then, the mixture was stirred at a temperature of 50 ℃ for 7 hours to allow the carbon quantum dots to sufficiently contact and be bonded to the carbon-coated silicon particles through chemical bonds. And finally, centrifugally separating and drying the formed turbid liquid to obtain the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material.
Respectively weighing 0.64g, 0.08g, 0.04g and 0.04g of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment, conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR according to the mass ratio of 16: 2: 1, adding the weighed materials into 4ml of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol mixed solution, and magnetically mixing and stirring the materials into slurry; then uniformly coating the copper foil on the surface of the copper foil, and drying for 0.5h at 60 ℃; then putting the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to be dried for 12 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃; and finally, slicing to prepare the button cell, and carrying out charge-discharge cycle test at a current density of 400 mA/g. The test results are shown in table 1, which indicates that the electrochemical performance of the carbon quantum dot modified silicon negative electrode material is superior to that of the carbon-coated silicon negative electrode material prepared by using asphalt as a carbon source.
TABLE 1 electrochemical Properties of different samples
Note: comparative example 1 described above is a pure silicon negative electrode material, and comparative example 2 is a 1% carbon-coated silicon negative electrode material.
Claims (5)
1. A surface modification method of a silicon negative electrode material is characterized by comprising the following steps: stirring and mixing the carbon quantum dot solution with a certain concentration and silicon powder, and reacting at the temperature of 20-180 ℃ for 1-24 h; and centrifugally separating the turbid liquid after the reaction to obtain a precipitate, and drying to obtain the silicon cathode material coated with the carbon quantum dots.
2. The surface modification method of the silicon negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the concentration of the carbon quantum dots is more than 0.1 mg/ml.
3. The surface modification method of the silicon negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the carbon quantum dots are composed of a carbon skeleton and a surface functional group, the size of the carbon quantum dots is less than 20nm, and the surface functional group at least contains one of carboxyl or amino.
4. The surface modification method of the silicon negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the silicon powder is one of pure silicon, carbon-coated silicon or a silicon-carbon composite, wherein the carbon content in the carbon-coated silicon is less than 5%, and the silicon content in the silicon-carbon composite is more than 1%.
5. The surface modification method of the silicon negative electrode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the solvent of the carbon quantum dot solution is at least one of water, absolute ethyl alcohol, methanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210700893.5A CN114927678A (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Surface modification method of silicon negative electrode material |
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| CN202210700893.5A CN114927678A (en) | 2022-06-20 | 2022-06-20 | Surface modification method of silicon negative electrode material |
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