CN114927653A - Inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel monocrystal positive electrode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel monocrystal positive electrode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of battery material preparation. The technical scheme is as follows: the general structural formula of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal anode material is LiNi a Co b Mn c A d O 2 @ B, where a + B + c + d ═ 1, a ≧ 0.6, d>0; a is one or more of Ta, Mg, Al, Ga, Nb and Ti, and B is inorganic solid electrolyte Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Or a doped derivative thereof. The invention uses inorganic solid electrolyteThe ternary material is compounded, so that the chemical/electrochemical stability of the interface is improved, and the ion transmission efficiency of the material/electrolyte interface is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery material preparation, in particular to an inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of new energy automobiles and large-scale energy storage, the related requirements of power batteries with higher energy density are more urgent, and the continuous innovation of the high-capacity chemical system technology of the lithium battery is promoted. However, in the current state of the art, Li [ Ni ] is still used for the positive electrode with the most promise of achieving the energy density target and large-scale commercialization x Co y Mn 1-x-y ]O 2 (x is more than or equal to 6) high nickel series materials have the advantages of high specific capacity, environmental friendliness and the like, and the materials are developed towards higher nickel content (capacity improvement) and lower cobalt content (cost reduction) by superposing the rare and expensive current situation of cobalt resources.
Polycrystalline Li [ Ni ] composed of secondary spherical particle aggregates x Co y Mn 1-x-y ]O 2 The (x is more than or equal to 6) high nickel material has the problems of serious ion mixed discharge, poor interface stability, easy structure deterioration and the like, and the problems are more serious along with the formation of a new interface of the broken particles, and are shown as poor cycle life and safety. Single crystal Li [ Ni ] x Co y Mn 1-x-y ]O 2 Although the (x is more than or equal to 6) high-nickel material can effectively avoid pulverization and crushing in the service life process of the polycrystalline material, the problem of mixed ion discharge still exists, the problem of poor interface stability is also faced by the lower cobalt content of the high-nickel material, and the ion transmission of the pure single crystal material is slow, so that the high-nickel material has higher impedance and lower rate performance.
In the prior art, chinese patent with publication number CN112886006A discloses a single crystal high nickel positive electrode material, a preparation method and applications thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the precursor, a lithium source and a nano oxide, and carrying out primary sintering treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere to obtain the primary sintered material. The single-crystal high-nickel anode material is obtained by mixing a primary sintered material with a titanium source and a cobalt source and carrying out secondary sintering treatment in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. Chinese patent publication No. CN112886006A discloses an ultra-high nickel single crystal positive electrode material, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide according to a certain molar ratio, adding a doping agent, and calcining in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a primary calcined material. And (3) carrying out coarse crushing, fine crushing, sieving and demagnetizing on the primary calcined material to obtain a crushed material. Adding the crushed materials and water into a reaction kettle according to a certain proportion, and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain a mixed material. And mixing the mixed material with the modified coating agent, and placing the mixture in an atmosphere furnace for secondary calcination to obtain the ternary cathode material. The patent adopts a doping coating method to modify a single crystal material, can improve cation mixed arrangement and improve interface stability, but cannot improve the ion transmission efficiency of a material/electrolyte interface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and designs an inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof aiming at the defects of rare cobalt resources, serious ion mixing, poor interface stability, poor ion transmission of a material body and a material/electrolyte interface and the like of a high-nickel material in the application field of lithium batteries. Through the high-nickel low-cobalt design, the material capacity is improved, and the cost is reduced; by using ion doping, the ion mixing and discharging are improved, and the ion conductivity of the material body is improved; the inorganic solid electrolyte composite ternary material is used, the chemical/electrochemical stability of the interface is improved, and the ion transmission efficiency of the material/electrolyte interface is improved.
On one hand, the invention provides an inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material, and the structural general formula of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material is LiNi a Co b Mn c A d O 2 @ B where a + B + c + d is 1, a is not less than 0.6, d>0; a is one or more of Ta, Mg, Al, Ga, Nb and Ti, and B is inorganic solid electrolyte Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Or doped derivatives thereof, wherein the doped elements are one or more of niobium, titanium, tin, germanium and aluminum.
Preferably, the particle size D50 of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal cathode material is 1-7 μm.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a preparation method of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing lithium hydroxide with oxides of elements contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte, adding zirconia balls and isopropanol, performing ball milling, mixing uniformly, drying, and calcining to obtain the inorganic solid electrolyte;
(2) mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide, adding a dopant, and calcining in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a calcined material;
(3) and (3) ball-milling and mixing the material obtained in the step (1) and the calcined material obtained in the step (2), and calcining to obtain the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel monocrystal positive electrode material.
Preferably, in step (1), the oxides are lanthanum oxide and zirconium oxide; or the oxide is lanthanum oxide and zirconium oxide, and also comprises one or more of niobium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, germanium oxide and aluminum oxide.
Preferably, in the step (1), the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to lanthanum oxide is 7:2.5-3, the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to zirconium oxide is 7:1.5-2, and the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to other oxides is 7: 0-0.5; the diameter of the zirconia ball is 4-8mm, the ball milling speed is 800r/min, the ball milling time is 1-5h, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 3-6h, the calcining temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the calcining time is 8-14 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the molar ratio of the dopant to the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor to the lithium hydroxide is 0.01-1:1: 1.03-1.20; the dopant is one or more of oxides of Al, Ti and Mg.
Preferably, in the step (2), the calcination temperature is 700-1000 ℃, and the calcination time is 6-20 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the mass ratio of the material obtained in the step (1) to the calcined material obtained in the step (2) is 1: 15-30.
Preferably, in the step (3), the ball milling speed is 600-.
Preferably, in the step (3), the calcination temperature is 650-990 ℃, and the calcination time is 4-10 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention firstly proposes the inorganic solid electrolyte composite ternary material, improves the interfacial chemistry/electrochemical stability, improves the ion mixed discharge by using ion doping, and obviously improves the ion transmission efficiency of the material/electrolyte interface, thereby obtaining higher rate performance and longer cycle life. The method has simple process, low cost and easy large-scale production; through the high-nickel and low-cobalt design, the material capacity is improved, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high nickel single crystal positive electrode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high nickel single crystal positive electrode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing rate capability of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high nickel single crystal positive electrode material prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is an SEM image of the high nickel single crystal positive electrode material prepared in comparative example 1.
Fig. 5 is a rate capability of the high nickel single crystal cathode material prepared in comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The preparation method of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel monocrystal cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing lanthanum oxide, zirconium oxide and lithium hydroxide, wherein the molar ratio of (lanthanum oxide + zirconium oxide) to lithium hydroxide is 5: 6; adding zirconia balls with the diameter of 5mm and isopropanol into the mixture, adding the isopropanol until the liquid level exceeds 5-10mL of solid, ball-milling for 2.5h at the speed of 400r/min, drying for 5h at 80 ℃, and calcining for 12h at 850 ℃ to obtain an inorganic solid electrolyte;
(2) the ternary precursor Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 Mixing with lithium hydroxide at a molar ratio of 1:1.07, adding dopant Al 2 O 3 The molar ratio of the dopant to the precursor is 0.06: 1, uniformly mixing, calcining at 900 ℃ for 10 hours in an oxygen atmosphere, drying and crushing to obtain a calcined material;
(3) and (3) mixing the product in the step (1) with the product in the step (2) according to the mass ratio of 1:15, ball-milling at 880r/min for 5h, uniformly mixing, heating to 780 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and calcining for 6h to obtain the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal positive electrode material.
Fig. 1 is an XRD pattern of the cathode material prepared in this example; FIG. 2 shows that the material prepared by the present example is a single crystal morphology material composite solid electrolyte; fig. 3 illustrates that the material prepared by the embodiment has a 1C discharge capacity of 170mAh/g, a 3C discharge capacity of 162mAh/g, and a 5C discharge capacity of 144mAh/g in a voltage range of 3-4.3V, and shows better rate performance.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the high-nickel single crystal cathode material of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
(1) the ternary precursor Ni 0.7 Co 0.1 Mn 0.2 (OH) 2 Mixing with lithium hydroxide at a molar ratio of 1:1.07, adding dopant Al 2 O 3 And calcining the mixture for 10 hours at 900 ℃ in an oxygen atmosphere after the mixture is uniformly mixed, and drying and crushing the mixture to obtain the high-nickel single crystal anode material.
FIG. 4 shows that the material prepared by the present example is a single crystal morphology material; FIG. 5 illustrates that the material prepared by the comparative example has a 1C discharge capacity of 168mAh/g, a 3C discharge capacity of 149mAh/g, and a 5C discharge capacity of 95mAh/g within a voltage range of 3-4.3V. The rate performance is inferior compared with example 1, showing the advantage of the inorganic solid electrolyte in increasing ion transport.
Although the present invention has been described in detail by referring to the drawings in connection with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various equivalent modifications or substitutions can be made on the embodiments of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be within the scope of the present invention/any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present disclosure and the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal cathode material is characterized in that the structural general formula of the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel single crystal cathode material is LiNi a Co b Mn c A d O 2 @ B where a + B + c + d is 1, a is not less than 0.6, d>0; a is one or more of Ta, Mg, Al, Ga, Nb and Ti, and B is inorganic solid electrolyte Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 Or doped derivatives thereof, wherein the doped elements are one or more of niobium, titanium, tin, germanium and aluminum.
2. The inorganic solid electrolyte composite high nickel single crystal positive electrode material according to claim 1, wherein the particle diameter D50 ═ 1 to 7 μm.
3. The method for producing the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high nickel single crystal positive electrode material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing lithium hydroxide with oxides of elements contained in the inorganic solid electrolyte, adding zirconia balls and isopropanol, performing ball milling, mixing uniformly, drying, and calcining to obtain the inorganic solid electrolyte;
(2) mixing the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor with lithium hydroxide, adding a dopant, and calcining in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a calcined material;
(3) and (3) ball-milling and mixing the material obtained in the step (1) and the calcined material obtained in the step (2), and calcining to obtain the inorganic solid electrolyte composite high-nickel monocrystal positive electrode material.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the oxides are lanthanum oxide and zirconium oxide; or the oxide is lanthanum oxide and zirconium oxide, and also comprises one or more of niobium oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, germanium oxide and aluminum oxide.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to lanthanum oxide is 7:2.5 to 3, the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to zirconium oxide is 7:1.5 to 2, and the molar ratio of lithium hydroxide to other oxides is 7:0 to 0.5; the diameter of the zirconia ball is 4-8mm, the ball milling speed is 800r/min, the ball milling time is 1-5h, the drying temperature is 80-100 ℃, the drying time is 3-6h, the calcining temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the calcining time is 8-14 h.
6. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the molar ratio of the dopant, the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary precursor and the lithium hydroxide is 0.01-1:1: 1.03-1.20; the dopant is one or more of Al, Ti and Mg oxides.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the calcination temperature is 700-1000 ℃ and the calcination time is 6-20 h.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the mass ratio of the material obtained in the step (1) to the calcined material obtained in the step (2) is 1: 15-30.
9. The preparation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the ball milling speed is 600-.
10. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the calcination temperature is 650-990 ℃ and the calcination time is 4-10 h.
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Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108023078A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-11 | 宁波容百新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nickelic tertiary cathode material of monocrystalline pattern and preparation method thereof |
CN110474098A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-19 | 天津巴莫科技有限责任公司 | A kind of Garnet-type solid electrolyte material, composite material of its cladding and preparation method and application |
CN113690398A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Preparation method of super-ion conductor structure type material-coated high-nickel single crystal ternary material |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108023078A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-05-11 | 宁波容百新能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of nickelic tertiary cathode material of monocrystalline pattern and preparation method thereof |
CN110474098A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-19 | 天津巴莫科技有限责任公司 | A kind of Garnet-type solid electrolyte material, composite material of its cladding and preparation method and application |
CN113690398A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所 | Preparation method of super-ion conductor structure type material-coated high-nickel single crystal ternary material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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TAO JIANG 等: "《Improved High-Potential Property of Ni-Rich LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 with a Garnet Ceramic LLZTO Surface Modification in Li-Ion Batteries》", 《ACS APPL. ENERGY MATER.》, pages 305 * |
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