CN114926040B - Comprehensive evaluation method and system for natural capital of drainage basin and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Comprehensive evaluation method and system for natural capital of drainage basin and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive assessment method, a system and electronic equipment for natural capital of a drainage basin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining an evaluation parameter; preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data; performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes; respectively carrying out water source conservation function assessment, soil retention function assessment, carbon storage function assessment, water quality purification function assessment, biological diversity maintenance function assessment and pollination function assessment according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results; and determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result. The invention not only can quantify various ecosystem service functions, but also can carry out space-time dynamic evaluation of the ecosystem service functions, carry out dynamic evaluation of the ecosystem service functions aiming at most of drainage basins, have universality and can provide key and effective information for decision makers to carry out decision making and planning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource assessment, in particular to a comprehensive assessment method, a comprehensive assessment system and electronic equipment for natural capital of a drainage basin.
Background
The natural capital assessment of the drainage basin is to quantitatively calculate the economic value of natural resources and natural environment and monetize and display the economic value. Natural capital assessment in watersheds is mainly directed to the study of ecosystem service functions.
At present, natural capital evaluation methods aiming at a drainage basin are few, most of the natural capital value evaluation methods mainly adopt an economics evaluation method, and natural resource assets with market prices are evaluated by a direct market method; ecosystem service functions without market prices are mainly evaluated using alternative market methods. The evaluation method only estimates the total value of the ecosystem service, ignores the difference and the change of the spatial distribution, cannot integrate various ecosystem service functions, rarely aims at the evaluation method of the drainage basin, and lacks a unified evaluation system and flow.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive assessment method, a system and electronic equipment for natural capital of a drainage basin.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a method for integrated evaluation of natural capital of a watershed, comprising:
obtaining an evaluation parameter; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data;
performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
respectively carrying out water source conservation function assessment, soil retention function assessment, carbon storage function assessment, water quality purification function assessment, biological diversity maintenance function assessment and pollination function assessment according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results;
and determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result.
Preferably, the preprocessing the evaluation parameter includes:
sequentially carrying out radiometric calibration, geometric correction and splicing mosaic on the remote sensing data to obtain an image processing data set;
and extracting land coverage information and estimating ecological parameters of the image processing data set based on an ENVI platform.
Preferably, the preprocessing the evaluation parameter includes:
and based on an ArcGIS platform, performing interpolation and rasterization processing on the land utilization data, the statistical data and the monitoring data respectively.
Preferably, the evaluation index comprises a remote sensing index, a statistical index and an environmental meteorological index;
the remote sensing indexes comprise land utilization classification, biomass estimation, carbon reserve calculation, vegetation coverage calculation and evapotranspiration calculation;
the statistical indexes comprise grain yield, industrial and agricultural water consumption, pollutant emission intensity and GDP;
the environmental weather indicators include: runoff, silt content, precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration and soil type.
Preferably, the water source conservation function assessment, the soil preservation function assessment, the carbon storage function assessment, the water quality purification function assessment, the biodiversity maintenance function assessment and the pollination function assessment are respectively performed according to the evaluation indexes, and correspondingly obtained assessment results include:
calculating a runoff coefficient and a topographic index according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index based on an ArcGIS platform, and obtaining a water source conservation quantity according to the runoff coefficient and the topographic index; the water source conservation quantity is used for evaluating the water source conservation function;
based on an ArcGIS platform, calculating potential soil loss and actual soil loss according to a general soil loss equation and the evaluation index, and obtaining soil retention according to the soil loss and the actual soil loss; the soil retention amount is used for evaluating the soil retention function;
estimating carbon storage capacity and space distribution conditions of the drainage basin at different periods according to the evaluation indexes, and performing carbon storage capacity variation analysis and solid carbon analysis to obtain carbon storage capacity and carbon sink capacity of different land utilization types; the carbon storage capacity and the carbon sequestration capacity are both used for evaluating the carbon storage function;
determining a runoff path according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index, simulating the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus moving by one grid step length according to the runoff path and the nutrient retention of different land use types, and evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus in a watershed according to the retention; the spatial distribution pattern is used for evaluating the water quality purification function;
calculating environment quality index spatial distribution according to the evaluation index, analyzing the influence degree of the artificial activities on land utilization change according to the environment quality index spatial distribution to determine the degradation degree and the degradation quality of the watershed environment, and calculating the relationship between vegetation change and environment quality change caused by the artificial activities according to the influence degree, the degradation degree and the degradation quality; the relationship between the vegetation change and the environmental quality change is used for evaluating the biodiversity maintenance function;
predicting a pollination index based on the evaluation index, and acquiring a landscape unit nest building bee quantity index by utilizing the estimated honeycomb position, plant source and wild bee flight range data according to the pollination index by utilizing the resource demand and flight behavior of wild bees; the landscape unit nesting bee quantity index is used for evaluating the pollination function.
Preferably, after determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result, the method further comprises the following steps:
and evaluating the value characteristics, the regional differences and the change rules of the ecological systems in different periods according to the value quantity.
Preferably, the value amount includes a benchmark value amount and a current value amount of ecosystem protection and destruction.
A system for integrated evaluation of natural capital for a watershed, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the evaluation parameters; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data;
the extraction module is used for performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
the evaluation module is used for respectively evaluating a water source conservation function, a soil retention function, a carbon storage function, a water quality purification function, a biological diversity maintenance function and a pollination function according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results;
and the value estimation module is used for determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result.
An electronic device comprising a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the transceiver, the memory and the processor being connected via the bus, the computer program when executed by the processor implementing a method for the comprehensive assessment of natural capital for a watershed as described above.
A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps in a method for the comprehensive assessment of natural capital of a watershed as described above.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a comprehensive assessment method, a system and electronic equipment for natural capital of a drainage basin, wherein the method comprises the following steps: obtaining an evaluation parameter; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data; preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data; performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes; respectively carrying out water source conservation function assessment, soil retention function assessment, carbon storage function assessment, water quality purification function assessment, biological diversity maintenance function assessment and pollination function assessment according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results; and determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result. The invention not only can quantify various ecosystem service functions, but also can carry out space-time dynamic evaluation of the ecosystem service functions, carry out dynamic evaluation of the ecosystem service functions aiming at most of drainage basins, have universality and can provide key and effective information for decision makers to carry out decision making and planning.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a comprehensive evaluation method in an embodiment provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of a comprehensive evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive assessment method, a system and electronic equipment for natural capital of a drainage basin, which can quantify various ecosystem service functions, can perform space-time dynamic assessment of the ecosystem service functions, perform dynamic assessment of the ecosystem service functions aiming at most drainage basins, have universality and can provide key and effective information for decision makers to make decisions and plan.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a comprehensive assessment method in an embodiment provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a comprehensive assessment method of natural capital of a drainage basin, including:
step 100: obtaining an evaluation parameter; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
step 200: preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data;
step 300: performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
step 400: respectively carrying out water source conservation function assessment, soil retention function assessment, carbon storage function assessment, water quality purification function assessment, biological diversity maintenance function assessment and pollination function assessment according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results;
step 500: and determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result.
The first process in this embodiment is data preparation, including data such as land use, DEM data, NDVI data, annual average rainfall, annual potential evapotranspiration, soil depth, root depth, evapotranspiration coefficient, and carbon reservoir. In this embodiment, the data is divided into remote sensing data, land use data, statistical data, and monitoring data.
Preferably, the step 200 specifically includes:
step 210: sequentially carrying out radiometric calibration, geometric correction and mosaic on the remote sensing data to obtain an image processing data set;
step 211: and extracting land cover information and estimating ecological parameters of the image processing data set based on the ENVI platform.
Preferably, the preprocessing the evaluation parameter includes:
step 220: and based on an ArcGIS platform, performing interpolation and rasterization processing on the land utilization data, the statistical data and the monitoring data respectively.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2, a second flow chart of the embodiment is to perform preprocessing on the preparation data according to an evaluation method. Firstly, the remote sensing image is preprocessed to generate an orthoimage product set. And (4) extracting land coverage information and estimating ecological parameters of the obtained remote sensing image by utilizing ENVI software. And secondly, carrying out spatial interpolation processing on the precipitation data, evapotranspiration data, root depth data, soil available water, rainfall erosion force factors, soil erodibility factors and other data which need spatialization by using an ArcGISI 10.2 platform.
Preferably, the evaluation index comprises a remote sensing index, a statistical index and an environmental meteorological index;
the remote sensing indexes comprise land utilization classification, biomass estimation, carbon reserve calculation, vegetation coverage calculation and evapotranspiration calculation;
the statistical indexes comprise grain yield, industrial and agricultural water consumption, pollutant emission intensity and GDP;
the environmental weather indicators include: runoff, silt content, precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration and soil type.
Further, in the third process of this embodiment, the index data is extracted based on an evaluation method. The method comprises the steps of remote sensing index extraction (land utilization classification, biomass estimation, carbon reserve calculation, vegetation coverage calculation and evapotranspiration calculation), statistical index extraction (grain yield, industrial and agricultural water consumption, pollutant emission intensity, GDP and the like) and environmental meteorological index extraction (runoff, sediment content, precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, soil type and the like).
Preferably, the step 400 specifically includes:
step 401: calculating a runoff coefficient and a topographic index according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index based on an ArcGIS platform, and obtaining a water source conservation quantity according to the runoff coefficient and the topographic index; the water source conservation quantity is used for evaluating the water source conservation function;
step 402: based on an ArcGIS platform, calculating potential soil loss and actual soil loss according to a general soil loss equation and the evaluation index, and obtaining soil retention according to the soil loss and the actual soil loss; the soil retention amount is used for evaluating the soil retention function;
step 403: estimating carbon storage capacity and space distribution conditions of the drainage basin at different periods according to the evaluation indexes, and performing carbon storage capacity variation analysis and solid carbon analysis to obtain carbon storage capacity and carbon sink capacity of different land utilization types; the carbon storage capacity and the carbon sequestration capacity are both used for evaluating the carbon storage function;
step 404: determining a runoff path according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index, simulating the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus for each grid step length of movement according to the runoff path and the nutrient retention capacity of different land utilization types, and evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus in a drainage basin according to the retention; the spatial distribution pattern is used for evaluating the water quality purification function;
step 405: calculating environment quality index spatial distribution according to the evaluation index, analyzing the influence degree of the artificial activities on land utilization change according to the environment quality index spatial distribution to determine the degradation degree and the degradation quality of the watershed environment, and calculating the relationship between vegetation change and environment quality change caused by the artificial activities according to the influence degree, the degradation degree and the degradation quality; the relationship between the vegetation change and the environmental quality change is used for evaluating the biodiversity maintenance function;
step 406: predicting a pollination index based on the evaluation index, and acquiring a landscape unit nesting bee quantity index by utilizing the estimated bee nest position, plant source and wild bee flight range data according to the pollination index by utilizing the resource demand and flight behavior of wild bees; and the landscape unit nesting bee quantity index is used for evaluating the pollination function.
Specifically, the fourth step in this embodiment is to calculate and evaluate each function of each part according to a calculation method, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) And (5) evaluating the water source conservation function. According to the principle of water balance and water circulation, the water source conservation capacity of land utilization types in different years is evaluated, the ArcGIS is used for calculating a runoff coefficient and a topographic index according to the DEM, and the water source conservation capacity is finally calculated by adding data such as soil permeability and the like.
(2) Evaluation of soil retention function. And calculating potential soil loss and actual soil loss by using ArcGISI 10.2 based on USLE on an improved basis, and further calculating the soil retention.
(3) Evaluation of carbon storage function. On the basis of data of land utilization types, soil and the like, estimating the carbon storage capacity and the space distribution condition of the watershed at different periods, further performing carbon storage capacity variation analysis and carbon fixation capacity analysis, and obtaining the carbon storage capacity and carbon sink capacity of different land utilization types.
(4) And (5) evaluating the water quality purification function. And determining a runoff path by utilizing an estimation result of water yield through DEM data, simulating the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus when the nitrogen and phosphorus are moved from one grid to another grid by considering nutrient retention capacities of different land utilization types, and evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of the nitrogen and phosphorus retention of the whole basin.
(5) Biodiversity maintenance function assessment. The habitat quality index spatial distribution is comprehensively calculated according to the land utilization, the threat factors and the sensitivity of the threat factors, the degradation degree and the habitat quality of the watershed habitat are determined by analyzing the influence degree of the artificial activities on the land utilization change, and the relation between the vegetation change and the habitat quality change caused by the artificial activities is calculated.
(6) And (4) evaluating pollination functions. And predicting the pollination index based on the distribution graph of the land utilization type and the resources required by the wild pollinator. And acquiring a honeycomb building quantity index (namely pollinator supply quantity) of the landscape unit by utilizing the resource demand and flight behavior of the wild bees and utilizing the estimated honeycomb position, plant source and the flight range data of the wild bees.
Preferably, after the step 500, the method further comprises:
step 600: and evaluating the value characteristics, the regional differences and the change rules of the ecological systems in different periods according to the value quantity.
Preferably, the value amount includes a benchmark value amount and a current value amount of ecosystem protection and destruction.
Optionally, in the fifth process in this embodiment, based on the ecosystems such as the farmland of the drainage basin, the woodland, the grassland, and the like, the physical quantity characteristics of various ecosystems in the drainage basin are quantitatively evaluated, the reference value and the current value of protection and destruction of the ecosystems are quantitatively calculated, and the value characteristics, the regional differences, and the change laws of various systems in different periods are evaluated.
(1) Calculating the physical quantity and value quantity of the water resource:
and calculating the water yield in the drainage basin by water source conservation evaluation according to the total area of the drainage basin, the average rainfall over years and the hydrological station data. And then estimating the value of the unit water resource according to the water resource benefit (such as the yield increase benefit of irrigation water supply to cultivated land) in the drainage basin, so as to estimate the value of the water resource.
(2) Calculating the physical quantity and value quantity of the water energy resource:
and (4) estimating the theoretical accumulated quantity of the water energy in the drainage basin according to the landform and the runoff in the drainage basin, and then converting into the theoretical total annual hydroelectric generation quantity. And estimating the total value of the water energy resources in the drainage basin based on the average electricity price of the water and electricity on-line.
(3) Calculating the land resource physical quantity and value quantity:
and the remote sensing image is used for interpretation, so that the land use type physical quantity in the river basin is accurately calculated. Comprehensively considering main land types (such as farmlands, grasslands, woodlands, construction lands and the like) in the river basin, selecting the minimum standard value of the standard land price in the river basin as the accounting basis of the land resource value for non-urban villages and industrial and mining lands according to the standard land price and the land acquisition compensation method in the river basin; and selecting an average standard value of the reference land price in the drainage basin as an accounting basis of the land resource value for the town villages and the industrial and mining lands.
(4) Calculating the physical quantity and value quantity of the forest resources:
and performing system calculation on the physical quantity of the forest resources in the flow domain according to the related data in the latest edition of forest resource inventory. And then, evaluating the forest resource value quantity by referring to the market value of the main forest type in the drainage basin according to the conversion coefficient of the forest storage quantity and the volume quantity in the drainage basin.
(5) Calculating the physical quantity and value quantity of mineral resources:
calculating the types and reserves of the mineral products with development and utilization values according to the mineral resource which is already found in the river basin, then determining the reasonable average market price of the mineral resources according to the conditions such as mineral grade, market demand, economic and technical conditions and the like, and calculating the value quantity of the mineral resources.
Fig. 3 is a module connection diagram of the comprehensive evaluation system in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, and in response to the method described above, the embodiment further provides a comprehensive evaluation system for natural capital of a drainage basin, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the evaluation parameters; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data;
the extraction module is used for performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
the evaluation module is used for respectively evaluating a water source conservation function, a soil retention function, a carbon storage function, a water quality purification function, a biological diversity maintenance function and a pollination function according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results;
and the value estimation module is used for determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result.
The embodiment also provides an electronic device, which comprises a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the transceiver, the memory and the processor are connected through the bus, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the method for comprehensively evaluating natural capital of a river basin is realized.
The present embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the steps in the above-mentioned comprehensive assessment method of natural capital of a watershed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can take the GIS as a platform and combines the advantages of the RS and the GIS.
(2) The invention not only can quantify the service function of the ecosystem, but also can spatially express the service function of the ecosystem.
(3) The method can be used for dynamically evaluating the service function of the ecosystem aiming at most of drainage basins, and has universality.
(4) The invention can evaluate and balance various ecosystem service functions and provide key and effective information for decision makers to make decisions and plan.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for comprehensive assessment of natural capital of a watershed, comprising:
obtaining an evaluation parameter; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processing data;
performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
respectively evaluating a water source conservation function, a soil retention function, a carbon storage function, a water quality purification function, a biological diversity maintenance function and a pollination function according to the evaluation indexes, and correspondingly obtaining evaluation results;
determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result;
according to the evaluation index, water source conservation function evaluation, soil preservation function evaluation, carbon storage function evaluation, water quality purification function evaluation, biodiversity maintenance function evaluation and pollination function evaluation are respectively carried out, and evaluation results are correspondingly obtained, wherein the evaluation results comprise:
calculating a runoff coefficient and a topographic index according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index based on an ArcGIS platform, and obtaining a water source conservation quantity according to the runoff coefficient and the topographic index; the water source conservation quantity is used for evaluating the water source conservation function;
based on an ArcGIS platform, calculating potential soil loss and actual soil loss according to a general soil loss equation and the evaluation index, and obtaining soil retention according to the soil loss and the actual soil loss; the soil retention amount is used for evaluating the soil retention function;
estimating carbon storage capacity and space distribution conditions of the drainage basin at different periods according to the evaluation indexes, and performing carbon storage capacity variation analysis and solid carbon analysis to obtain carbon storage capacity and carbon sink capacity of different land utilization types; the carbon storage capacity and the carbon sequestration capacity are both used for evaluating the carbon storage function;
determining a runoff path according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index, simulating the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus for each grid step length of movement according to the runoff path and the nutrient retention capacity of different land utilization types, and evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus in a drainage basin according to the retention; the spatial distribution pattern is used for evaluating the water quality purification function;
calculating environment quality index spatial distribution according to the evaluation index, analyzing the influence degree of the artificial activities on land utilization change according to the environment quality index spatial distribution to determine the degradation degree and the degradation quality of the watershed environment, and calculating the relationship between vegetation change and environment quality change caused by the artificial activities according to the influence degree, the degradation degree and the degradation quality; the relationship between the vegetation change and the environmental quality change is used for evaluating the biodiversity maintenance function;
predicting a pollination index based on the evaluation index, and acquiring a landscape unit nest building bee quantity index by utilizing the estimated honeycomb position, plant source and wild bee flight range data according to the pollination index by utilizing the resource demand and flight behavior of wild bees; the landscape unit nesting bee quantity index is used for evaluating the pollination function.
2. The method of integrated watershed natural capital assessment according to claim 1, wherein said pre-processing of said assessment parameters comprises:
sequentially carrying out radiometric calibration, geometric correction and mosaic on the remote sensing data to obtain an image processing data set;
and extracting land coverage information and estimating ecological parameters of the image processing data set based on an ENVI platform.
3. The method of integrated watershed natural capital assessment according to claim 1, wherein said pre-processing of said assessment parameters comprises:
and based on an ArcGIS platform, performing interpolation and rasterization processing on the land utilization data, the statistical data and the monitoring data respectively.
4. The method for comprehensively evaluating natural capital of a drainage basin according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation index comprises a remote sensing index, a statistical index and an environmental weather index;
the remote sensing indexes comprise land utilization classification, biomass estimation, carbon reserve calculation, vegetation coverage calculation and evapotranspiration calculation;
the statistical indexes comprise grain yield, industrial and agricultural water consumption, pollutant emission intensity and GDP;
the environmental weather indicators include: runoff, silt content, precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation, evapotranspiration and soil type.
5. The method for comprehensively evaluating natural capital of a watershed according to claim 1, further comprising, after determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the watershed according to the evaluation result:
and evaluating the value characteristics, the regional differences and the change rules of the ecological systems in different periods according to the value quantity.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the value measure comprises a benchmark value measure and a current value measure of ecosystem conservation and destruction.
7. A system for integrated evaluation of natural capital for a watershed, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the evaluation parameters; the evaluation parameters comprise remote sensing data, land utilization data, statistical data and monitoring data;
the preprocessing module is used for preprocessing the evaluation parameters to obtain processed data;
the extraction module is used for performing index extraction on the processing data to obtain a plurality of evaluation indexes;
the evaluation module is used for respectively evaluating a water source conservation function, a soil retention function, a carbon storage function, a water quality purification function, a biological diversity maintenance function and a pollination function according to the evaluation indexes to correspondingly obtain evaluation results;
the value estimation module is used for determining the physical quantity and the value quantity of the natural capital of the drainage basin according to the evaluation result;
according to the evaluation index, water source conservation function evaluation, soil preservation function evaluation, carbon storage function evaluation, water quality purification function evaluation, biodiversity maintenance function evaluation and pollination function evaluation are respectively carried out, and evaluation results are correspondingly obtained, wherein the evaluation results comprise:
calculating a runoff coefficient and a terrain index according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index based on an ArcGIS platform, and obtaining a water source conservation quantity according to the runoff coefficient and the terrain index; the water source conservation quantity is used for evaluating the water source conservation function;
based on an ArcGIS platform, calculating potential soil loss and actual soil loss according to a general soil loss equation and the evaluation index, and obtaining soil retention according to the soil loss and the actual soil loss; the soil retention amount is used for evaluating the soil retention function;
estimating the carbon storage capacity and the space distribution condition of the basin at different periods according to the evaluation indexes, and performing carbon storage capacity variation analysis and solid carbon analysis to obtain the carbon storage capacity and the carbon sink capacity of different land utilization types; the carbon storage capacity and the carbon sequestration capacity are both used for evaluating the carbon storage function;
determining a runoff path according to a digital elevation model and the evaluation index, simulating the retention of nitrogen and phosphorus for each grid step length of movement according to the runoff path and the nutrient retention capacity of different land utilization types, and evaluating the spatial distribution pattern of nitrogen and phosphorus in a drainage basin according to the retention; the spatial distribution pattern is used for evaluating the water quality purification function;
calculating environment quality index spatial distribution according to the evaluation index, analyzing the influence degree of the artificial activities on land utilization change according to the environment quality index spatial distribution to determine the degradation degree and the degradation quality of the river basin environment, and calculating the relationship between vegetation change and environment quality change caused by the artificial activities according to the influence degree, the degradation degree and the degradation quality; the relationship between the vegetation change and the environmental quality change is used for evaluating the biodiversity maintenance function;
predicting a pollination index based on the evaluation index, and acquiring a landscape unit nest building bee quantity index by utilizing the estimated honeycomb position, plant source and wild bee flight range data according to the pollination index by utilizing the resource demand and flight behavior of wild bees; the landscape unit nesting bee quantity index is used for evaluating the pollination function.
8. An electronic device comprising a bus, a transceiver, a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the transceiver, the memory and the processor being connected via the bus, characterized in that the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements a method for integrated evaluation of natural capital for a watershed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of a method for the integrated assessment of natural capital for a watershed according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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