CN114925553B - Infrared image simulation method based on theoretical/semi-empirical method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method, which comprises the following steps: establishing an infrared imaging full link model, simulating an atmospheric transmission effect, simulating a target and a background, quantizing the radiation brightness, and outputting an infrared image, thereby realizing the simulation of the infrared image. The invention also provides an infrared image simulation system, parameters influencing the imaging quality can be conveniently changed in the infrared image simulation system, a required functional module is added, an effect picture is visually obtained, the infrared simulation system has low requirement on hardware, is easy to realize and strong in practicability, can simplify a complex process, greatly reduces the simulation time of the infrared image, is beneficial to the simulation of the infrared image, can calculate the infrared radiation brightness value according to the current scene, and can generate the infrared image in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of infrared image simulation, in particular to an infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, the infrared image simulation technology is widely applied to the fields of national defense, military, aviation, aerospace and the like, a vivid and complex virtual scene is produced by using a computer, the simulation of a given target is completed, the cost is low, and the realization is easy. In addition, targets, backgrounds, materials and time of scenes can be changed and added or deleted at will according to requirements, high-speed target motion and processes such as flight, missile launching, tracking and the like can be simulated, various weather changes such as rain, snow, shade and cloud and special effects such as explosion, fragments and smoke can be simulated, the requirements on site terrain can be simple and complex, and in short, the infrared image simulation technology becomes an important modeling and simulation means in the military field.
There are various simulation methods for infrared images, but the existing simulation method has high cost, complex process and long time consumption for infrared image simulation, which is not beneficial to infrared image simulation, and therefore, an infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method is urgently needed to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an infrared imaging full link model;
(1) the method comprises the following steps Designing an infrared image simulation system;
(2) the method comprises the following steps Modeling a scene;
s2: simulating an atmospheric transmission effect;
s3: simulating a target and a background;
establishing a material library and a texture library on the premise of simulating the target and the background;
s4: quantizing the radiant brightness and outputting an infrared image;
the infrared radiation degree data obtained by calculation is continuous in the value range, and when infrared visual simulation is carried out, the obtained infrared radiation degree data is displayed in the generated infrared image, so that the simulation of the infrared image is realized.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the process of establishing the infrared imaging full-link model, analyzing to obtain factors influencing infrared imaging, and further establishing an infrared entrance pupil front radiance equation formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
L λ ＝(L obj (ε，T)+L sλ +L dsλ +L bsλ +L dελ +L bελ )
furthermore, the infrared band needs to consider the influence of solar radiation and ground object thermal radiation simultaneously, wherein L obj (ε, T) represents the radiance of the ground feature itself, L sλ Denotes solar radiation, L dsλ And L dελ Respectively representing sky light and sky heat radiation, L bsλ And L bελ Respectively representing background light and background thermal radiation, L λ Representing the infrared entrance pupil front radiance.
As a further scheme of the invention: the material library comprises thermodynamic characteristics and optical characteristics of the materials, the thermodynamic characteristics comprise temperature parameters and emissivity parameters of the materials, the optical characteristics comprise various reflection coefficients of the materials to different wavelengths, the reflection coefficients comprise diffuse reflection coefficients and BRDF parameters, and the texture library comprises texture maps.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the quantization process, L is used respectively min And Lmax to represent the minimum and maximum of radiation, L min And Lmax into 256 levels, the formula is as follows:
wherein d is a radiance interval, H represents a gray value, and when the gray value corresponding to the radiance is calculated, the following formula is used for calculation:
wherein
And finally generating an infrared image according to the gray level quantization value of each pixel point in order to round the symbol downwards, wherein L represents the radiation value in the quantization process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the simulation of the infrared image by establishing an infrared imaging full link model, simulating the atmospheric transmission effect, simulating the target and the background and quantizing the radiation brightness and outputting the infrared image, and the invention also provides an infrared image simulation system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
An infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an infrared imaging full link model;
(1) the method comprises the following steps Designing an infrared image simulation system: in the infrared image simulation system, parameters influencing imaging quality can be changed conveniently, required functional modules are added, an effect picture is obtained visually, the infrared image simulation system has low requirement on hardware, is easy to realize and strong in practicability, and can simplify a complex process;
(2) the method comprises the following steps Scene modeling: scene modeling is the basis of infrared image simulation, comprises target modeling, atmosphere modeling, infrared material modeling, background radiation modeling and motion modeling, and establishes a model database which is rich and vivid and has excellent real-time performance through modeling so as to improve the real-time performance and visual effect of an infrared image simulation system;
s2: simulating an atmospheric transmission effect;
the transmission characteristics of infrared radiation in the atmosphere have a very important influence on the quality of infrared imaging, and the actual process of transmission of infrared radiation through the atmosphere is very complex, depending on the type of molecules causing absorption and scattering, the concentration, the size, nature, concentration of airborne particles, and the temperature and pressure at various points along the transmission path;
s3: simulating a target and a background;
establishing a material library and a texture library on the premise of simulating the target and the background;
s4: quantizing the radiation brightness, and outputting an infrared image;
the infrared radiation degree data obtained by calculation is continuous in the value range, and when infrared visual simulation is carried out, the obtained infrared radiation degree data is displayed in the generated infrared image, so that the simulation of the infrared image is realized.
Specifically, the invention can realize the simulation of the infrared image based on the theoretical/semi-empirical method by establishing an infrared imaging full link model, simulating the atmospheric transmission effect, simulating the target and the background and quantizing the radiation brightness and outputting the infrared image.
Example two
An infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an infrared imaging full link model;
(1) the method comprises the following steps Designing an infrared image simulation system: in the infrared image simulation system, parameters influencing imaging quality can be changed conveniently, required functional modules are added, an effect picture can be obtained visually, the infrared image simulation system has low requirement on hardware, is easy to realize and strong in practicability, and can simplify a complex process;
(2) the method comprises the following steps Scene modeling: the scene modeling is the basis of infrared image simulation, comprises target modeling, atmosphere modeling, infrared material modeling, background radiation modeling and motion modeling, and establishes a rich and vivid model database with excellent real-time performance through modeling so as to improve the real-time performance and visual effect of an infrared image simulation system;
in the process of establishing the infrared imaging full-link model, analyzing to obtain factors influencing infrared imaging, and further establishing an infrared entrance pupil front radiance equation formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
L λ ＝(L obj (ε，T)+L sλ +L dsλ +L bsλ +L dελ +L bελ )
furthermore, the infrared band needs to consider the influence of solar radiation and ground object thermal radiation simultaneously, wherein L obj (ε, T) represents the radiance of the ground feature itself, L sλ Denotes solar radiation, L dsλ And L dελ Respectively representing sky light and sky heat radiation, L bsλ And L bελ Respectively representing background light and background heat radiation, L λ Representing the infrared entrance pupil front radiance.
S2: simulating an atmospheric transmission effect;
the transmission characteristics of infrared radiation in the atmosphere have a very important influence on the quality of infrared imaging, and the actual process of infrared radiation transmission through the atmosphere is very complex and depends on the type of molecules causing absorption and scattering, the concentration, the size, characteristics, concentration of airborne particles in the atmosphere, and the temperature and pressure at various points along the transmission path;
s3: simulating a target and a background;
establishing a material library and a texture library on the premise of simulating the target and the background;
s4: quantizing the radiant brightness and outputting an infrared image;
the infrared radiation degree data obtained by calculation is continuous in the value range, and when infrared visual simulation is carried out, the obtained infrared radiation degree data is displayed in the generated infrared image, so that the simulation of the infrared image is realized.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the infrared radiation attenuation includes the following three phenomena: (1) the method comprises the following steps Absorption of gas molecules in the atmosphere; (2) the method comprises the following steps Scattering of molecules and particles in the atmosphere; (3) the method comprises the following steps Attenuation due to meteorological conditions; furthermore, the meteorological conditions include cloud, fog, rain, snow and dust, and these three phenomena must be considered when performing infrared image simulation.
It should be specifically noted that, compared with the first embodiment, the simulation of the infrared image based on the theoretical/semi-empirical method can be better realized through the above steps.
EXAMPLE III
An infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an infrared imaging full link model;
(1) the method comprises the following steps Designing an infrared image simulation system: in the infrared image simulation system, parameters influencing imaging quality can be changed conveniently, required functional modules are added, an effect picture is obtained visually, the infrared image simulation system has low requirement on hardware, is easy to realize and strong in practicability, and can simplify a complex process;
(2) the method comprises the following steps Scene modeling: scene modeling is the basis of infrared image simulation, comprises target modeling, atmosphere modeling, infrared material modeling, background radiation modeling and motion modeling, and establishes a model database which is rich and vivid and has excellent real-time performance through modeling so as to improve the real-time performance and visual effect of an infrared image simulation system;
in the process of establishing the infrared imaging full-link model, analyzing to obtain factors influencing infrared imaging, and further establishing an infrared entrance pupil front radiance equation formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
L λ ＝(L obj (ε，T)+L sλ +L dsλ +L bsλ +L dελ +L bελ )
furthermore, the infrared band needs to consider the influence of solar radiation and ground object thermal radiation simultaneously, wherein L obj (ε, T) represents the radiance of the feature itself, L sλ Denotes solar radiation, L dsλ And L dελ Respectively representing sky light and sky heat radiation, L bsλ And L bελ Respectively representing background light and background thermal radiation, L λ Representing the infrared entrance pupil front radiance.
S2: simulating an atmospheric transmission effect;
the transmission characteristics of infrared radiation in the atmosphere have a very important influence on the quality of infrared imaging, and the actual process of transmission of infrared radiation through the atmosphere is very complex, depending on the type of molecules causing absorption and scattering, the concentration, the size, nature, concentration of airborne particles, and the temperature and pressure at various points along the transmission path;
s3: simulating a target and a background;
the method comprises the steps that a material library and a texture library are required to be established on the premise of simulating a target and a background;
s4: quantizing the radiation brightness, and outputting an infrared image;
the infrared radiation degree data obtained by calculation is continuous in the value range, and when infrared visual simulation is carried out, the obtained infrared radiation degree data is displayed in the generated infrared image, so that the simulation of the infrared image is realized.
In the quantization process, L is used respectively min And Lmax to represent the minimum and maximum values of radiation, L min And Lmax into 256 levels, the formula is as follows:
wherein d is a radiation degree interval, the gray value is represented by H, and when the gray value corresponding to the radiation degree is calculated, the following formula is used for calculating:
wherein
And finally generating an infrared image according to the gray level quantization value of each pixel point in order to round the symbol downwards, wherein L represents the radiation value in the quantization process.
In the whole radiation energy calculation, the calculated basic unit is a triangular surface element in a scene, with the increase and the refinement of a three-dimensional scene, the surface element with the magnitude of millions or even tens of millions exists, and for the large-scale calculation, the calculation speed is greatly improved by using a parallel calculation mode based on a GPU.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, the infrared radiation attenuation includes the following three phenomena: (1) the method comprises the following steps Absorption of gas molecules in the atmosphere; (2) the method comprises the following steps Scattering of molecules and particles in the atmosphere; (3) the method comprises the following steps Attenuation due to meteorological conditions; furthermore, the meteorological conditions include cloud, fog, rain, snow and dust, and these three phenomena must be considered when performing infrared image simulation.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the material library includes thermodynamic characteristics and optical characteristics of the material, the thermodynamic characteristics include a temperature parameter and an emissivity parameter of the material, the optical characteristics include various reflection coefficients of the material for different wavelengths, including a diffuse reflection coefficient and a BRDF parameter, and the texture library includes a texture map.
Specifically, the invention realizes the simulation of the infrared image by establishing an infrared imaging full link model, simulating the atmospheric transmission effect, simulating the target and the background, quantizing the radiation brightness and outputting the infrared image.
The invention also provides an infrared image simulation system, parameters influencing the imaging quality can be conveniently changed in the infrared image simulation system, a required functional module is added, an effect picture can be intuitively obtained, the infrared simulation system has low requirement on hardware, is easy to realize and strong in practicability, can simplify a complex process, greatly reduces the simulation time of the infrared image, is beneficial to the simulation of the infrared image, can calculate the infrared radiation brightness value according to the current scene, and can generate the infrared image in real time.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (4)
1. An infrared image simulation method based on a theoretical/semi-empirical method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing an infrared imaging full link model;
(1) the method comprises the following steps Designing an infrared image simulation system;
(2) the method comprises the following steps Modeling a scene;
in the process of establishing the infrared imaging full-link model, analyzing to obtain factors influencing infrared imaging, and further establishing an infrared entrance pupil front radiance equation formula, wherein the formula is as follows:
L λ ＝(L obj (ε，T)+L sλ +L dsλ +L bsλ +L dελ +L bελ )
furthermore, the infrared band needs to consider the influence of solar radiation and ground object thermal radiation simultaneously, wherein L obj (ε, T) represents the radiance of the ground feature itself, L sλ Denotes solar radiation, L dsλ And L dελ Respectively representing sky light and sky heat radiation, L bsλ And L bελ Respectively representing background light and background thermal radiation, L λ Representing the infrared entrance pupil front radiance;
s2: simulating an atmospheric transmission effect;
s3: simulating a target and a background;
establishing a material library and a texture library;
s4: quantizing the radiant brightness and outputting an infrared image;
the calculated infrared radiation degree data are continuous in the value range, and when infrared visual simulation is carried out, the obtained infrared radiation degree data are displayed in the generated infrared image, so that the simulation of the infrared image is realized.
2. The infrared image simulation method based on the theoretical/semi-empirical method according to claim 1, characterized in that the material library comprises thermodynamic characteristics and optical characteristics of the material, the thermodynamic characteristics comprise temperature parameters and emissivity parameters of the material, the optical characteristics comprise various reflection coefficients of the material for different wavelengths, including diffuse reflection coefficient and BRDF parameters, and the texture library comprises texture maps.
3. The infrared image simulation method based on the theoretical/semi-empirical method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the infrared image is outputted, the infrared function of the signal simulator used by the infrared image simulation system is gray, the infrared image obtained by rendering the scene needs to be gray, when the infrared radiance is mapped to the color of the gray, the continuous infrared radiance value needs to be divided into 256 levels, and the continuous infrared radiance value is quantized according to the distribution range of the radiance.
4. The infrared image simulation method based on the theoretical/semi-empirical method according to claim 3, characterized in that L is used respectively during the quantization process min And Lmax to represent the minimum and maximum of radiation, L min And Lmax into 256 levels, the formula is as follows:
wherein d is a radiation degree interval, the gray value is represented by H, and when the gray value corresponding to the radiation degree is calculated, the following formula is used for calculating:
wherein
To take downwardsAnd (4) integrating the symbols, finally generating an infrared image according to the gray level quantization value of each pixel point, wherein L represents the radiation value in the quantization process.
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