CN114924237A - Filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/36—Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
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Abstract
The invention provides a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data, which determines a system state equation and a measurement equation according to radar measurement and a target state; setting a corresponding sampling interval according to the motion condition of the target, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data; filtering by adopting a nonlinear dynamic filtering method without assuming that noise contained in the measured data is white noise; calculating a measurement correction value by applying the state estimation value according to a measurement equation; and analyzing the residual error between the measured value of the measured data and the corrected value by adopting a box diagram method, thereby realizing the real-time detection of the abnormal value of the measured data. The method has the advantages of simple and clear principle, convenience for realization on a computer, accurate and reliable detection result, great reduction of error of further data processing, capability of dynamically detecting and correcting abnormal values of radar measurement data in real time, and great significance for improving the target tracking track precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar data processing, in particular to a filtering method for radar data abnormal values.
Background
In radar systems, the target signal is typically resolved by a data logger into distance, azimuth, pitch, etc. measurements of the target, also known as the footprint. The radar data processing generally refers to processing a measured value by using a data processor, acquiring target state information (namely position, speed, acceleration and the like) to the maximum extent, and generally includes links such as navigation, track association, data filtering and the like. In actual engineering, the phenomenon that abnormal values appear in measurement data is often generated. Whether static measurement or dynamic measurement is performed, some erroneous measurement, called abnormal value or outlier, may be included in the measurement data due to the measurement device itself, data transmission or manual operation. These outliers in the measurement data are not detected and corrected or rejected, which can introduce significant errors into further data processing.
At present, an abnormal value in static measurement data is easy to judge, and a mature theory exists. For a dynamic measurement data outlier detection method, a linear kalman filtering method is currently studied more frequently. Linear kalman filtering is limited to linear systems and relies on the white noise assumption. In the paper 'application of an outlier elimination method in Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurement data processing', aiming at a large amount of original data obtained by RCS measurement of a target, a Grabas inspection method and a Kalman filtering method are respectively used for analyzing and eliminating outliers of static and dynamic test data; xinxin et al applied the adjacent mean filtering and sliding window type detection method to study the problem of abnormal parameters of radar transmitting power, angle and distance in the study of abnormal value detection and correction method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data. The invention aims to provide a filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data abnormal values, aiming at the problems that the prior art mainly detects the abnormal values of static measurement data, lacks the detection of the abnormal values of dynamic data and excessively depends on a white noise hypothesis. The technical scheme is as follows: determining a system state equation and a measurement equation according to radar measurement and a target state; setting a corresponding sampling interval according to the motion condition of the target, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data; filtering by adopting a nonlinear dynamic filtering method, namely a Cost Reference Particle Filtering (CRPF) method, which does not need to assume that noise contained in the measured data is white noise; calculating a measurement correction value by applying the state estimation value according to a measurement equation; and analyzing the residual error between the measured value of the measured data and the corrected value by adopting a box diagram method, thereby realizing the real-time detection of the abnormal value of the measured data.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
the state equation is: s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 ;
The measurement equation is: m is a unit of k =h(s k ,u k )+w k ;
Where k is the sampling time, s k Is a state variable at time k, m k For the measured variable at time k, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, u (-) respectively k Is an input quantity at time k, v k-1 State noise at time k-1, w k Measuring noise at the moment k, wherein the state and the measurement noise are not related to each other;
step two:setting a corresponding sampling interval delta T according to a sampling theorem, and sampling the dynamic measurement data set { m } according to a sampling time k which is 1,2,3 k } k=1...T Wherein T is the current sampling moment;
step three: filtering by adopting a Cost Reference Particle Filtering (CRPF) method, and constructing a cost function and a risk function; a set of random state particles of a known a posteriori Probability Distribution Function (PDF)Can be used, k is more than or equal to 1,is a state particle, i is a particle index, N is the total number of particles,is a posterior probability distribution function; cost functionIs a measure of the "particle quality" of all current and past particles, and the cost function at time k for the ith particle is defined asIn which λ represents the forgetting factor, 0<λ<1, q is greater than or equal to 1, symbolA norm representing the vector v; risk functionIs to increment a cost functionIs defined as
Step four: based on the state estimateAnd equation of measurementThe measurement data is corrected in such a way that,a measurement correction value representing time k; detecting an abnormal value of the measurement data in real time by the measurement correction value;
step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation valueCorrection valueIf m is k If abnormal value is detected, m is measured k Compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value;
the abnormal value compensation calculation formula of the observed data is as follows
m′ k =m k -r k
Wherein r is k For the measurement residual error of the observation data at the moment k, the increment of the cost function in the CRPF filtering process is updated as follows:
the risk function is updated as:
updating the probability mass function by the updated risk function:
renormalization of probability mass functionAnd for joint cost particle setsRepeating the steps 3.2.2-3.2.5 to obtain an accurate target state estimation valueBased on the state estimateUsing the equation of measurementObtaining accurate correction values of measured data
The CRPF filtering comprises the following specific steps:
3.1 first initialize the filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed asThe initial value of the cost function isObtaining an initial joint cost particle setSetting an initial variance of
3.2 with time k 1.., T, obtain the real-time state estimate through CRPF filtering, the concrete steps are as follows:
3.2.1 for each particle i ═ 1., N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particlesCalculating a risk function from the distance of the particle from the measurement:
calculating a probability mass function from the risk function:
in the formula delta>0,β>0 and delta is 0.1 for ensuring that the denominator is not zero and then normalizing the probability mass functionAnd for joint cost particle setsResampling of (d);
3.2.2 probability mass function according to Risk functionSystematic resampling is carried out on the particles to obtain a new combined cost particle set
3.2.3 particles i pass from time k-1 to time k, the passing process particles obey a Gaussian distribution of adaptively adjusted variances:
3.2.4 after resampling, calculate the cost function of particle i at time kCalculating probability quality function according to cost functionAnd normalizing
3.2.5 according to probability mass functionEstimating a target state at time kUpdating a cost functionUpdating a set of particles
The specific steps of detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time by measuring the correction values include:
whereinN m Representing the total number of measurements, using residual errorsDetecting abnormal values as a result;
4.2 analyzing the measurement residual r by using a boxplot method k Thereby detecting m k Whether it is an outlier.
The specific steps of the step 4.2 for detecting the abnormal value are as follows:
4.2.1 will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U ;
4.2.2 calculating the measurement residual four-bit distance d F =F U -F L And an abnormal value cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F Wherein the value of eta is determined according to the actual condition;
4.2.3 detection of outliers: if r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measure the data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise, measuring data m k Detected as normal.
The invention has the advantages of simple and clear principle and convenient realization on a computer. The method is very suitable for dynamically detecting the abnormal value of the radar data, so that the detection result is accurate and reliable. The error of further data processing is greatly reduced. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the abnormal value of the radar measurement data can be dynamically detected and corrected in real time, and the method has important significance for improving the target tracking track precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of detection of an azimuth anomaly value in an embodiment of a pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of detection of an abnormal pitch angle value in an embodiment of a pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data outliers of the present invention. The invention discloses a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1
Measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k )
Wherein s is k Is a state variable, m k For measuring variables, k is the sampling time, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, respectively, u k As an input quantity, v k-1 And w k Respectively, state and measurement noise.
Step two: setting a sampling interval delta T, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data { m } according to sampling time k ═ 1,2,3 k } k=1...T And T is the current sampling moment.
Step three: filtering by adopting a CRPF nonlinear dynamic filtering method, which comprises the following specific steps:
3.1: initializing the CRPF filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed asSetting the initial value of the cost function asObtaining an initial set of particlesSetting an initial variance of
3.2: iteratively updating k to 1.. times, T according to time, and obtaining a real-time state estimation value through nonlinear dynamic filtering, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
3.2.1: for each particle i 1, N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particlesCalculating a risk function based on the distance of the particle from the measurement:and its probability mass functionAnd normalizing
3.2.2: probability mass function from risk functionSystematic resampling is carried out on the particles to obtain a new combined cost particle set
3.2.3: the particles i are transferred from the moment k-1 to the moment k, and the Gaussian distribution of the particles subjected to the self-adaptive variance adjustment in the transfer process is subjected to the Gaussian distributionWhereinI is an identity matrix with dimensions s.
3.2.4: after resampling, calculating a particle cost function at the k momentAnd its probability mass functionAnd normalizing the probability mass function
3.2.5: computing a real-time state estimate from a probability mass function of a cost functionThe cost function is then updatedUpdating a joint cost particle set
Step four: according to the equation of measurementCalculating a correction value of the measurement dataThe method for detecting the abnormal value of the measurement data in real time comprises the following specific steps:
4.1: calculating measurement data m at k sampling moments k And a correction valueResidual error of (2)
4.2: analysis of residual r using boxplot method k Thereby detecting the measurement data m k Whether the abnormal value is detected or not, the specific steps comprise:
4.2.1: will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U 。
4.2.2: calculating the four-bit distance d of the measurement residual F =F U -F L And an outlier cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F And the value of eta is determined by actual conditions.
4.2.3: an abnormal value is detected. If r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measure the data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise measuring data m k Detected as normal.
Step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation valueCorrection valueIf m is k If the detected value is abnormal, the value is m k And compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value.
In the embodiment of the pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system for simulation test, a system equation is established according to radar angle measurement and the position and the motion state of a target, the state equation is a linear equation, and the state variable is the relative position r of a missile and the target x (k),r y (k),r z (k) Relative velocity v x (k),v y (k),v z (k) And relative acceleration speed a x (k),a y (k),a z (k) (ii) a The observation equation is a nonlinear dynamic model, and the observation variables are an azimuth viewing distance theta and an elevation viewing distance phi. And setting the sampling period delta t to be 0.05s, and setting the simulation time length t of the guidance process to be 3.7 s. Randomly introducing 9 abnormal values, and applying the methodThe results of simulation tests are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. Further, 50 simulation tests were performed, and the statistical result was that the number of abnormal values accumulated in correct detection was 450 in the 50 simulation tests, and the number of abnormal values accumulated in erroneous detection was only 14.
Claims (4)
1. A filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data outliers, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
the state equation is: s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 ;
The measurement equation is: m is k =h(s k ,u k )+w k ;
Where k is the sampling time, s k Is a state variable at time k, m k For measuring variables at time k, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, respectively, u k Is an input quantity at time k, v k-1 State noise at time k-1, w k Measuring noise at the moment k, wherein the state and the measurement noise are not related to each other;
step two: setting a corresponding sampling interval delta T according to a sampling theorem, and sampling a dynamic measurement data set { m } according to a sampling time k as 1,2,3 k } k=1...T Wherein T is the current sampling moment;
step three: filtering by adopting a cost reference particle filtering method, and constructing a cost function and a risk function; a set of randomly-stateful particles of known posterior probability distribution functionCan be used, k is more than or equal to 1,is a state particle, i is a particle index, N is the total number of particles,is a posterior probability distributionA function; cost functionIs a measure of the "particle quality" of all current and past particles, and the cost function at time k for the ith particle is defined asIn which λ represents a forgetting factor, 0<λ<1, q is greater than or equal to 1, symbolA norm representing the vector v; risk functionIs to increment a cost functionIs defined as
Step four: based on the state estimateAnd equation of measurementThe measurement data is corrected in such a way that,a measurement correction value representing time k; detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time through the measurement correction values;
step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation valueCorrection valueIf m is k If the detected value is abnormal, the value is m k Compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value;
the abnormal value compensation calculation formula of the observed data is as follows
m′ k =m k -r k
Wherein r is k For the measurement residual error of the observation data at the moment k, the increment of the cost function in the CRPF filtering process is updated as follows:
the risk function is updated as:
updating the probability mass function by the updated risk function:
2. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the CRPF filtering comprises the following specific steps:
3.1 first initialize the filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed asThe initial value of the cost function isObtaining an initial joint cost particle setSetting an initial variance of
3.2 obtaining real-time state estimation values by CRPF filtering with time k ═ 1., T, specifically including the steps of:
3.2.1 for each particle i ═ 1., N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particlesCalculating a risk function from the distance of the particle from the measurement:
calculating a probability mass function from the risk function:
in the formula of>0,β>0 and delta is 0.1 to ensure that the denominator is not zero, and then normalizing the probability mass functionAnd for combining sets of cost particlesResampling of (1);
3.2.2 probability quality function according to Risk functionThe particles are systematically resampled to obtain a new combined cost particle set
3.2.3 particles i pass from time k-1 to time k, the passing process particles obey a Gaussian distribution of adaptively adjusted variances:
3.2.4 after resampling, calculate the cost function of particle i at time kCalculating probability quality function according to cost functionAnd normalizing
3. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data of claim 1, further comprising:
the specific steps of detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time by measuring the correction values include:
whereinN m Representing the total number of measurements, using the residual r k =[r 1,k ,r 2,k ,...,r Nm,k ] T Detecting abnormal values as a result;
4.2 analysis of the measurement residual r by boxplot method k Thereby detecting m k Whether it is an outlier.
4. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the step 4.2 for detecting the abnormal value are as follows:
4.2.1 will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U ;
4.2.2 calculating the measurement residual four-bit distance d F =F U -F L And an abnormal value cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F Wherein the value of eta is determined according to the actual condition;
4.2.3 detection of outliers: if r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measuring data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise measuring data m k Detected as a normal value.
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