CN114924237A - Filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data - Google Patents

Filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data Download PDF

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CN114924237A
CN114924237A CN202210559010.3A CN202210559010A CN114924237A CN 114924237 A CN114924237 A CN 114924237A CN 202210559010 A CN202210559010 A CN 202210559010A CN 114924237 A CN114924237 A CN 114924237A
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function
value
data
time
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张修社
胡小全
韩春雷
周昆正
刘准钆
鹿瑶
杨笛
赵旺
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CETC 20 Research Institute
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/36Means for anti-jamming, e.g. ECCM, i.e. electronic counter-counter measures
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/11Complex mathematical operations for solving equations, e.g. nonlinear equations, general mathematical optimization problems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10Complex mathematical operations
    • G06F17/15Correlation function computation including computation of convolution operations
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/10Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation

Abstract

The invention provides a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data, which determines a system state equation and a measurement equation according to radar measurement and a target state; setting a corresponding sampling interval according to the motion condition of the target, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data; filtering by adopting a nonlinear dynamic filtering method without assuming that noise contained in the measured data is white noise; calculating a measurement correction value by applying the state estimation value according to a measurement equation; and analyzing the residual error between the measured value of the measured data and the corrected value by adopting a box diagram method, thereby realizing the real-time detection of the abnormal value of the measured data. The method has the advantages of simple and clear principle, convenience for realization on a computer, accurate and reliable detection result, great reduction of error of further data processing, capability of dynamically detecting and correcting abnormal values of radar measurement data in real time, and great significance for improving the target tracking track precision.

Description

Filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radar data processing, in particular to a filtering method for radar data abnormal values.
Background
In radar systems, the target signal is typically resolved by a data logger into distance, azimuth, pitch, etc. measurements of the target, also known as the footprint. The radar data processing generally refers to processing a measured value by using a data processor, acquiring target state information (namely position, speed, acceleration and the like) to the maximum extent, and generally includes links such as navigation, track association, data filtering and the like. In actual engineering, the phenomenon that abnormal values appear in measurement data is often generated. Whether static measurement or dynamic measurement is performed, some erroneous measurement, called abnormal value or outlier, may be included in the measurement data due to the measurement device itself, data transmission or manual operation. These outliers in the measurement data are not detected and corrected or rejected, which can introduce significant errors into further data processing.
At present, an abnormal value in static measurement data is easy to judge, and a mature theory exists. For a dynamic measurement data outlier detection method, a linear kalman filtering method is currently studied more frequently. Linear kalman filtering is limited to linear systems and relies on the white noise assumption. In the paper 'application of an outlier elimination method in Radar Cross Section (RCS) measurement data processing', aiming at a large amount of original data obtained by RCS measurement of a target, a Grabas inspection method and a Kalman filtering method are respectively used for analyzing and eliminating outliers of static and dynamic test data; xinxin et al applied the adjacent mean filtering and sliding window type detection method to study the problem of abnormal parameters of radar transmitting power, angle and distance in the study of abnormal value detection and correction method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data. The invention aims to provide a filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data abnormal values, aiming at the problems that the prior art mainly detects the abnormal values of static measurement data, lacks the detection of the abnormal values of dynamic data and excessively depends on a white noise hypothesis. The technical scheme is as follows: determining a system state equation and a measurement equation according to radar measurement and a target state; setting a corresponding sampling interval according to the motion condition of the target, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data; filtering by adopting a nonlinear dynamic filtering method, namely a Cost Reference Particle Filtering (CRPF) method, which does not need to assume that noise contained in the measured data is white noise; calculating a measurement correction value by applying the state estimation value according to a measurement equation; and analyzing the residual error between the measured value of the measured data and the corrected value by adopting a box diagram method, thereby realizing the real-time detection of the abnormal value of the measured data.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
the state equation is: s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1
The measurement equation is: m is a unit of k =h(s k ,u k )+w k
Where k is the sampling time, s k Is a state variable at time k, m k For the measured variable at time k, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, u (-) respectively k Is an input quantity at time k, v k-1 State noise at time k-1, w k Measuring noise at the moment k, wherein the state and the measurement noise are not related to each other;
step two:setting a corresponding sampling interval delta T according to a sampling theorem, and sampling the dynamic measurement data set { m } according to a sampling time k which is 1,2,3 k } k=1...T Wherein T is the current sampling moment;
step three: filtering by adopting a Cost Reference Particle Filtering (CRPF) method, and constructing a cost function and a risk function; a set of random state particles of a known a posteriori Probability Distribution Function (PDF)
Figure BDA0003655751480000021
Can be used, k is more than or equal to 1,
Figure BDA0003655751480000022
is a state particle, i is a particle index, N is the total number of particles,
Figure BDA0003655751480000023
is a posterior probability distribution function; cost function
Figure BDA0003655751480000024
Is a measure of the "particle quality" of all current and past particles, and the cost function at time k for the ith particle is defined as
Figure BDA0003655751480000025
In which λ represents the forgetting factor, 0<λ<1, q is greater than or equal to 1, symbol
Figure BDA0003655751480000026
A norm representing the vector v; risk function
Figure BDA0003655751480000027
Is to increment a cost function
Figure BDA0003655751480000028
Is defined as
Figure BDA0003655751480000029
Step four: based on the state estimate
Figure BDA00036557514800000210
And equation of measurement
Figure BDA00036557514800000211
The measurement data is corrected in such a way that,
Figure BDA00036557514800000212
a measurement correction value representing time k; detecting an abnormal value of the measurement data in real time by the measurement correction value;
step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation value
Figure BDA00036557514800000213
Correction value
Figure BDA00036557514800000214
If m is k If abnormal value is detected, m is measured k Compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value;
the abnormal value compensation calculation formula of the observed data is as follows
m′ k =m k -r k
Wherein r is k For the measurement residual error of the observation data at the moment k, the increment of the cost function in the CRPF filtering process is updated as follows:
Figure BDA00036557514800000215
the risk function is updated as:
Figure BDA0003655751480000031
updating the probability mass function by the updated risk function:
Figure BDA0003655751480000032
renormalization of probability mass function
Figure BDA0003655751480000033
And for joint cost particle sets
Figure BDA0003655751480000034
Repeating the steps 3.2.2-3.2.5 to obtain an accurate target state estimation value
Figure BDA0003655751480000035
Based on the state estimate
Figure BDA0003655751480000036
Using the equation of measurement
Figure BDA0003655751480000037
Obtaining accurate correction values of measured data
Figure BDA0003655751480000038
The CRPF filtering comprises the following specific steps:
3.1 first initialize the filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed as
Figure BDA0003655751480000039
The initial value of the cost function is
Figure BDA00036557514800000310
Obtaining an initial joint cost particle set
Figure BDA00036557514800000311
Setting an initial variance of
Figure BDA00036557514800000312
3.2 with time k 1.., T, obtain the real-time state estimate through CRPF filtering, the concrete steps are as follows:
3.2.1 for each particle i ═ 1., N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particles
Figure BDA00036557514800000313
Calculating a risk function from the distance of the particle from the measurement:
Figure BDA00036557514800000314
calculating a probability mass function from the risk function:
Figure BDA00036557514800000315
in the formula delta>0,β>0 and delta is 0.1 for ensuring that the denominator is not zero and then normalizing the probability mass function
Figure BDA00036557514800000316
And for joint cost particle sets
Figure BDA00036557514800000317
Resampling of (d);
3.2.2 probability mass function according to Risk function
Figure BDA00036557514800000318
Systematic resampling is carried out on the particles to obtain a new combined cost particle set
Figure BDA00036557514800000319
3.2.3 particles i pass from time k-1 to time k, the passing process particles obey a Gaussian distribution of adaptively adjusted variances:
Figure BDA0003655751480000041
wherein
Figure BDA0003655751480000042
I is an identity matrix with s in the same dimension;
3.2.4 after resampling, calculate the cost function of particle i at time k
Figure BDA0003655751480000043
Calculating probability quality function according to cost function
Figure BDA0003655751480000044
And normalizing
Figure BDA0003655751480000045
3.2.5 according to probability mass function
Figure BDA0003655751480000046
Estimating a target state at time k
Figure BDA0003655751480000047
Updating a cost function
Figure BDA0003655751480000048
Updating a set of particles
Figure BDA0003655751480000049
The specific steps of detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time by measuring the correction values include:
4.1 calculating the measurement data m at time k k And a correction value
Figure BDA00036557514800000410
The residual error of (a):
Figure BDA00036557514800000411
wherein
Figure BDA00036557514800000412
N m Representing the total number of measurements, using residual errors
Figure BDA00036557514800000413
Detecting abnormal values as a result;
4.2 analyzing the measurement residual r by using a boxplot method k Thereby detecting m k Whether it is an outlier.
The specific steps of the step 4.2 for detecting the abnormal value are as follows:
4.2.1 will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U
4.2.2 calculating the measurement residual four-bit distance d F =F U -F L And an abnormal value cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F Wherein the value of eta is determined according to the actual condition;
4.2.3 detection of outliers: if r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measure the data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise, measuring data m k Detected as normal.
The invention has the advantages of simple and clear principle and convenient realization on a computer. The method is very suitable for dynamically detecting the abnormal value of the radar data, so that the detection result is accurate and reliable. The error of further data processing is greatly reduced. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the abnormal value of the radar measurement data can be dynamically detected and corrected in real time, and the method has important significance for improving the target tracking track precision.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of detection of an azimuth anomaly value in an embodiment of a pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of detection of an abnormal pitch angle value in an embodiment of a pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of the filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data outliers of the present invention. The invention discloses a filtering method for dynamically detecting abnormal values of radar data, which specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1
Measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k )
Wherein s is k Is a state variable, m k For measuring variables, k is the sampling time, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, respectively, u k As an input quantity, v k-1 And w k Respectively, state and measurement noise.
Step two: setting a sampling interval delta T, and sampling a series of dynamic measurement data { m } according to sampling time k ═ 1,2,3 k } k=1...T And T is the current sampling moment.
Step three: filtering by adopting a CRPF nonlinear dynamic filtering method, which comprises the following specific steps:
3.1: initializing the CRPF filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed as
Figure BDA0003655751480000051
Setting the initial value of the cost function as
Figure BDA0003655751480000052
Obtaining an initial set of particles
Figure BDA0003655751480000053
Setting an initial variance of
Figure BDA0003655751480000054
3.2: iteratively updating k to 1.. times, T according to time, and obtaining a real-time state estimation value through nonlinear dynamic filtering, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
3.2.1: for each particle i 1, N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particles
Figure BDA0003655751480000055
Calculating a risk function based on the distance of the particle from the measurement:
Figure BDA0003655751480000056
and its probability mass function
Figure BDA0003655751480000057
And normalizing
Figure BDA0003655751480000058
3.2.2: probability mass function from risk function
Figure BDA0003655751480000061
Systematic resampling is carried out on the particles to obtain a new combined cost particle set
Figure BDA0003655751480000062
3.2.3: the particles i are transferred from the moment k-1 to the moment k, and the Gaussian distribution of the particles subjected to the self-adaptive variance adjustment in the transfer process is subjected to the Gaussian distribution
Figure BDA0003655751480000063
Wherein
Figure BDA0003655751480000064
I is an identity matrix with dimensions s.
3.2.4: after resampling, calculating a particle cost function at the k moment
Figure BDA0003655751480000065
And its probability mass function
Figure BDA0003655751480000066
And normalizing the probability mass function
Figure BDA0003655751480000067
3.2.5: computing a real-time state estimate from a probability mass function of a cost function
Figure BDA0003655751480000068
The cost function is then updated
Figure BDA0003655751480000069
Updating a joint cost particle set
Figure BDA00036557514800000610
Step four: according to the equation of measurement
Figure BDA00036557514800000611
Calculating a correction value of the measurement data
Figure BDA00036557514800000612
The method for detecting the abnormal value of the measurement data in real time comprises the following specific steps:
4.1: calculating measurement data m at k sampling moments k And a correction value
Figure BDA00036557514800000613
Residual error of (2)
Figure BDA00036557514800000614
4.2: analysis of residual r using boxplot method k Thereby detecting the measurement data m k Whether the abnormal value is detected or not, the specific steps comprise:
4.2.1: will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U
4.2.2: calculating the four-bit distance d of the measurement residual F =F U -F L And an outlier cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F And the value of eta is determined by actual conditions.
4.2.3: an abnormal value is detected. If r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measure the data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise measuring data m k Detected as normal.
Step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation value
Figure BDA00036557514800000615
Correction value
Figure BDA00036557514800000616
If m is k If the detected value is abnormal, the value is m k And compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value.
In the embodiment of the pure azimuth-seeking missile guidance system for simulation test, a system equation is established according to radar angle measurement and the position and the motion state of a target, the state equation is a linear equation, and the state variable is the relative position r of a missile and the target x (k),r y (k),r z (k) Relative velocity v x (k),v y (k),v z (k) And relative acceleration speed a x (k),a y (k),a z (k) (ii) a The observation equation is a nonlinear dynamic model, and the observation variables are an azimuth viewing distance theta and an elevation viewing distance phi. And setting the sampling period delta t to be 0.05s, and setting the simulation time length t of the guidance process to be 3.7 s. Randomly introducing 9 abnormal values, and applying the methodThe results of simulation tests are shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3. Further, 50 simulation tests were performed, and the statistical result was that the number of abnormal values accumulated in correct detection was 450 in the 50 simulation tests, and the number of abnormal values accumulated in erroneous detection was only 14.

Claims (4)

1. A filtering method for dynamically detecting radar data outliers, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: according to radar measurement and a target state, establishing a system equation:
the state equation is: s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1
The measurement equation is: m is k =h(s k ,u k )+w k
Where k is the sampling time, s k Is a state variable at time k, m k For measuring variables at time k, g (-) and h (-) are the state transfer function and the measurement function, respectively, u k Is an input quantity at time k, v k-1 State noise at time k-1, w k Measuring noise at the moment k, wherein the state and the measurement noise are not related to each other;
step two: setting a corresponding sampling interval delta T according to a sampling theorem, and sampling a dynamic measurement data set { m } according to a sampling time k as 1,2,3 k } k=1...T Wherein T is the current sampling moment;
step three: filtering by adopting a cost reference particle filtering method, and constructing a cost function and a risk function; a set of randomly-stateful particles of known posterior probability distribution function
Figure FDA0003655751470000011
Can be used, k is more than or equal to 1,
Figure FDA0003655751470000012
is a state particle, i is a particle index, N is the total number of particles,
Figure FDA0003655751470000013
is a posterior probability distributionA function; cost function
Figure FDA0003655751470000014
Is a measure of the "particle quality" of all current and past particles, and the cost function at time k for the ith particle is defined as
Figure FDA0003655751470000015
In which λ represents a forgetting factor, 0<λ<1, q is greater than or equal to 1, symbol
Figure FDA0003655751470000016
A norm representing the vector v; risk function
Figure FDA0003655751470000017
Is to increment a cost function
Figure FDA0003655751470000018
Is defined as
Figure FDA0003655751470000019
Step four: based on the state estimate
Figure FDA00036557514700000110
And equation of measurement
Figure FDA00036557514700000111
The measurement data is corrected in such a way that,
Figure FDA00036557514700000112
a measurement correction value representing time k; detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time through the measurement correction values;
step five: if the measured data m k If the detected value is a normal value, returning to the real-time state estimation value
Figure FDA00036557514700000113
Correction value
Figure FDA00036557514700000114
If m is k If the detected value is abnormal, the value is m k Compensating, and performing data correction and state estimation by using the compensated observation value;
the abnormal value compensation calculation formula of the observed data is as follows
m′ k =m k -r k
Wherein r is k For the measurement residual error of the observation data at the moment k, the increment of the cost function in the CRPF filtering process is updated as follows:
Figure FDA00036557514700000115
the risk function is updated as:
Figure FDA0003655751470000021
updating the probability mass function by the updated risk function:
Figure FDA0003655751470000022
renormalization of probability mass function
Figure FDA0003655751470000023
And for combining sets of cost particles
Figure FDA0003655751470000024
Repeating the steps 3.2.2-3.2.5 to obtain an accurate target state estimation value
Figure FDA0003655751470000025
Based on the state estimate
Figure FDA0003655751470000026
Using the equation of measurement
Figure FDA0003655751470000027
Obtaining accurate correction value of measured data
Figure FDA0003655751470000028
2. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the CRPF filtering comprises the following specific steps:
3.1 first initialize the filter from the initial distribution function p 0 (s 0 ) The middle sampling obtains N initial particles, and the ith particle state is expressed as
Figure FDA0003655751470000029
The initial value of the cost function is
Figure FDA00036557514700000210
Obtaining an initial joint cost particle set
Figure FDA00036557514700000211
Setting an initial variance of
Figure FDA00036557514700000212
3.2 obtaining real-time state estimation values by CRPF filtering with time k ═ 1., T, specifically including the steps of:
3.2.1 for each particle i ═ 1., N, according to the equation of state s k =g(s k-1 ,u k-1 )+v k-1 And the measurement equation m k =h(s k ,u k )+w k Generating a set of joint cost particles
Figure FDA00036557514700000213
Calculating a risk function from the distance of the particle from the measurement:
Figure FDA00036557514700000214
calculating a probability mass function from the risk function:
Figure FDA00036557514700000215
in the formula of>0,β>0 and delta is 0.1 to ensure that the denominator is not zero, and then normalizing the probability mass function
Figure FDA00036557514700000216
And for combining sets of cost particles
Figure FDA00036557514700000217
Resampling of (1);
3.2.2 probability quality function according to Risk function
Figure FDA00036557514700000218
The particles are systematically resampled to obtain a new combined cost particle set
Figure FDA00036557514700000219
3.2.3 particles i pass from time k-1 to time k, the passing process particles obey a Gaussian distribution of adaptively adjusted variances:
Figure FDA0003655751470000031
wherein
Figure FDA0003655751470000032
I is a unit of same dimension as sA matrix;
3.2.4 after resampling, calculate the cost function of particle i at time k
Figure FDA0003655751470000033
Calculating probability quality function according to cost function
Figure FDA0003655751470000034
And normalizing
Figure FDA0003655751470000035
3.2.5 according to a probability mass function
Figure FDA0003655751470000036
Estimating a target state at time k
Figure FDA0003655751470000037
Updating a cost function
Figure FDA0003655751470000038
Updating a set of particles
Figure FDA0003655751470000039
3. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data of claim 1, further comprising:
the specific steps of detecting abnormal values of the measurement data in real time by measuring the correction values include:
4.1 calculating the measurement data m at time k k And a correction value
Figure FDA00036557514700000310
The residual error of (a):
Figure FDA00036557514700000311
wherein
Figure FDA00036557514700000312
N m Representing the total number of measurements, using the residual r k =[r 1,k ,r 2,k ,...,r Nm,k ] T Detecting abnormal values as a result;
4.2 analysis of the measurement residual r by boxplot method k Thereby detecting m k Whether it is an outlier.
4. The filtering method for dynamically detecting outliers of radar data as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of the step 4.2 for detecting the abnormal value are as follows:
4.2.1 will measure the residual error r 1 ,r 2 ,...,r k ]Sorting from small to large to find out the first quartile F L And a third quartile F U
4.2.2 calculating the measurement residual four-bit distance d F =F U -F L And an abnormal value cutoff point F U +ηd F And F L -ηd F Wherein the value of eta is determined according to the actual condition;
4.2.3 detection of outliers: if r is k ≥F U +ηd F Or r k ≤F L -ηd F Then measuring data m k Detecting as an abnormal value; otherwise measuring data m k Detected as a normal value.
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Citations (4)

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