CN114921597A - Production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather - Google Patents
Production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C13/00—Manufacture of special kinds or leather, e.g. vellum
- C14C13/02—Manufacture of technical leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/06—Facilitating unhairing, e.g. by painting, by liming
- C14C1/065—Enzymatic unhairing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C1/00—Chemical treatment prior to tanning
- C14C1/08—Deliming; Bating; Pickling; Degreasing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C11/00—Surface finishing of leather
- C14C11/003—Surface finishing of leather using macromolecular compounds
- C14C11/006—Surface finishing of leather using macromolecular compounds using polymeric products of isocyanates (or isothiocyanates) with compounds having active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
- C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
- C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
- C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
- C14C3/28—Multi-step processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
- Y02P70/62—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear
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- Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of industrial leather manufacturing, and discloses a production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather, which comprises the following production steps: liming: liming by using an auxiliary agent with strongly dispersed collagen fibers and liming enzyme in cooperation with the dispersed fibers; softening: deeply softening the hide fibers by adopting low-temperature softening enzyme; tanning: tanning the leather blank by adopting a zeolite tanning agent; retanning: retanning and filling by adopting an acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer retanning agent; coating: coating with silica composite bi-component waterborne polyurethane. Compared with the existing processing technology of wear-resistant leather, the invention strengthens the treatment of the raw leather from the source (liming and softening), and preferably selects the optimal chemical material for combination, thereby ensuring the good compactness and low extensibility of the base material of the leather and the excellent wear-resistant and scratch-resistant performance of the coating. The production process can be carried out in large scale by adopting the existing equipment and facilities, the process is easy to control, and the implementability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of industrial leather manufacturing, in particular to a production method of wear-resistant, scratch-resistant and chrome-free tanned sofa leather.
Background
Leather is a common fabric for high-grade sofas. Since sofas are large pieces of furniture, often used for years, their durability is of increasing consumer interest. When the sofa is used, the leather fabric in contact with the outside is often subjected to the effects of friction and scraping, and particularly, the parts protruding from the edges of the suture lines are easy to be damaged due to friction and scraping, and have the quality problems of cracking, coating falling and the like. Rubbing and scraping thus constitute two independent quality indicators for the leather. Meanwhile, with the progress of society, consumers also put forward higher and higher requirements on the ecological environmental protection performance of leather, wherein the chrome-free tanned leather becomes the inevitable trend of social development. Therefore, the development of the wear-resistant and scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather not only has obvious economic value, but also has good social value.
The leather with high wear resistance and scratch resistance is prepared by systematic optimization of key processes such as liming, softening, tanning, retanning, coating and the like in the conventional production process, and particularly, chemical materials are strictly screened. Since the properties of the finished leather are mainly determined by the chemical materials. In the prior art, the preparation of abrasion-resistant leather is described. The existing patent document CN103525957A increases the wear resistance by improving the density of leather, but the leather prepared by the method has high hardness and poor hand feeling, and loses the natural texture of the leather; patent document CN109536647A is prepared based on tanned leather, and adopts materials such as chrome retanning, nano silver, nano titanium dioxide, etc. to process, and adopts low temperature (-40 ℃) freeze drying, the leather prepared by the technology has no ecological environmental protection property because of containing chrome, and the low temperature freeze drying can not match with the existing leather making process and equipment, and the feasibility is not strong. Therefore, a set of production technology which is matched with the existing leather making process and equipment and has strong practicability and excellent wear resistance and scratch resistance is required to be developed for the chrome-free tanned sofa leather.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather comprises the following production steps:
a) liming: liming by using an auxiliary agent with strongly dispersed collagen fibers and liming enzyme to cooperate with the dispersed fibers; adopting an auxiliary agent and liming enzyme with strong collagen fiber dispersing capability, and fully dispersing unhaired hide fibers by the cooperation of the two materials so as to promote subsequent softening and tanning effects;
b) softening: the leather fibers are deeply softened by adopting low-temperature softening enzyme, so that the penetration and combination of materials in the retanning process are ensured, the elongation of the finished leather is reduced, and a foundation is laid for the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the finished leather;
c) tanning: the leather blank is tanned by adopting the zeolite tanning agent, the traditional chrome powder tanning is completely abandoned, the heavy metal chromium is not contained in the finished leather, and the ecological characteristics of the product are outstanding. Meanwhile, the discharged waste liquid after tanning and the waste liquid in the subsequent process are chromium-free, so that the comprehensive waste water and the comprehensive sludge are easy to treat;
d) retanning: the acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer retanning agent is adopted for retanning filling, and after the material enters leather fibers, intermolecular polymerization can be carried out, so that the compactness of the leather is effectively improved, and the extensibility is reduced;
e) coating: the leather coating is coated by using silica-compounded bi-component waterborne polyurethane, wherein the component A is an isocyanate prepolymer, the component B is a polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substance, and the component C is water-dispersible silica sol, the components A, B and C are mixed and quickly mixed, and the mixture is immediately conveyed to a roller coating machine for roller coating, so that the leather coating is endowed with excellent toughness, wear resistance and scratch resistance.
Preferably, before the liming process of step a), batching, soaking, fleshing and unhairing are carried out, wherein the unhairing process comprises the following steps: adding 90-110 parts of water, SINTERAL DH2800.9-1.1 parts of unhairing assistant and 0.9-1.1 parts of unhairing protease DOWELLZYM TM per 100 parts of unhairing skin embryo, rotating for 1 hour, then adding 1.4-1.6 parts of lime and 1.4-1.6 parts of sodium sulfide, rotating for 1.8-2.2 hours until all hairs fall off, and filtering the hairs.
Preferably, the liming process of step a) specifically comprises: the weight of the fleshed skin embryo is calculated by 100 parts, and the weight of the fleshed skin embryo is calculated by adding 180-220 parts of water, 0.9-1.1 parts of lime, 1.0-1.5 parts of liming enzyme DOWELLZYM LM, 1.0-2.0 parts of liming auxiliary agent SINTERAL B65 (organic acid sodium salt), 800.9-1.1 parts of degreasing agent Supralan, rotating for 18-22 minutes, then rotating for 4.5-5.5 minutes, stopping for 55-65 minutes, and lasting for 8-9 hours; draining, washing and discharging.
Preferably, in the softening process of the step b), the method specifically comprises the steps of adding 180-220 parts of water into the trimmed leather blank by weight of 100 parts, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of deliming agent into the trimmed leather blank by water temperature of 30-32 ℃, rotating for 8-12 minutes, adding 0.4-0.6 part of hydrochloric acid into the trimmed leather blank by weight, rotating for 35-45 minutes, checking the cut of the leather blank (taking phenolphthalein solution as an indicator, leading the leather core to have a red line), adding 1.8-2.2 parts of softening enzyme DOWELLZ YMCBK, rotating for 90-120 minutes, and discharging the liquid.
Preferably, before the softening process of step b), the method comprises the steps of flaking and trimming; the softening step of step (b) is followed by a step of pickling.
Preferably, in the tanning step of step c), the tanning is carried out in pickle liquor, 6.0 parts of ZLR100 reagent is added, the mixture is rotated for 3.5 to 4.5 hours, 1.8 to 2.2 parts of baking soda are added (the addition is carried out in 4 times), and the pH value is 4.0 to 4.2; adding 0.4-0.6 part of mildew preventive 30L, and rotating for 50-70 minutes; draining, drum discharging, horse building, draining, squeezing and stretching, shaving, trimming and grading.
Preferably, after the tanning step of step c), further comprising 1) rewetting: adding the evenly-shaved leather blank into a rotary drum, wherein the weight of the leather blank is calculated by 100 parts, water is 140-160 parts, wetting agent ProSoak is added in 0.4-0.6 part, the water temperature is 22-25 ℃, the leather blank is rotated for 25-35 minutes, and water is drained; 2) neutralizing: adding 90-110 parts of water, cooling to 30-35 ℃, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of neutralizing tannin JNG, rotating for 18-22 minutes, adding 0.4-0.6 part of baking soda (adding in 3 times), rotating for 35-45 minutes after finishing, and discharging liquid.
Preferably, in the retanning procedure of the step d), 45 to 55 parts of water is supplemented according to 100 parts of the weight of the leather embryo, 3.8 to 4.2 parts of retanning agent Rheoskin 2000 (acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer) is added, and the leather is rotated for 18 to 22 minutes; adding Tara tannin extract Tara 0.9-1.1 parts, rotating for 18-22 min, heating the system to 40-45 deg.C, adding acrylic acid retanning agent R831.8-2.2 parts, and rotating for 35-45 min.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps after the retanning step in step d):
fat liquoring: performing in one bath with retanning, adding 2.8-3.2 parts of fatliquoring agent TRUPON SWS, rotating for 18-22 minutes, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of fatliquoring agent BAPROVOL BA, and 10100.14-0.16 part of antioxidant, and rotating for 35-45 minutes;
dyeing: the method is carried out in one bath with retanning and fatliquoring, and is a conventional operation, the dye dosage is determined by the final color of the product, and the adopted dye is an environment-friendly dye;
fixing: adding 1001.4-1.6 parts of zeolite tanning agent ZLR into the bath foam, rotating for 25-35 minutes, and draining;
washing with water: adding 140-160 parts of water into the rotary drum, rotating for 13-17 minutes, discharging liquid, and discharging the liquid out of the drum;
and (3) vacuum drying: the vacuum temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the vacuum time is 220-260 seconds;
the processes of toggling drying, hanging and drying, buffing, dampening, vibrating and softening and repairing the injury.
Preferably, in the coating process of step e), the coating process is performed by a combination of spraying, rolling and spraying, wherein: (1) spraying for the 1 st time: 90-110 parts of deionized water as medium and soft cation45-55 parts of waterborne polyurethane, 25-35 parts of waterborne pigment paste and 15-30g/m of spraying amount 2 Then drying the mixture for 1.8 to 2.2 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃; (2) roll coating: 28-32 parts of deionized water, 28-32 parts of component A (isocyanate prepolymer), 18-22 parts of component B (polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substance) and 18-22 parts of component C (water dispersible silica sol), quickly stirring and uniformly mixing for 1.8-2.2 minutes after mixing, immediately conveying to a roll coating machine for roll coating, wherein the roll coating amount is 22-28g/m 2 Then drying for 1.8-2.2 minutes at the temperature of 100-; (3) and (3) spraying for the 2 nd time: 90-110 parts of deionized water, 18-22 parts of bright waterborne polyurethane, 8-12 parts of cross-linking agent, 4-6 parts of hand feeling agent and 8-12g/m of spraying amount 2 Then drying at 100-130 ℃ for 0.8-1.2 min, and hanging and drying for 22-26 h.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: compared with the existing processing technology of the wear-resistant leather, the method strengthens the treatment of the raw leather from the source (liming and softening), and preferably selects the optimal chemical material for combination, thereby ensuring the good compactness and low extensibility of the base material of the leather and the excellent wear-resistant and scratch-resistant performance of the coating. The production process can be carried out in large scale by adopting the existing equipment and facilities, and is easy to control and strong in implementability.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
A production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather comprises the following production steps:
a) liming: adopting an auxiliary agent with strong dispersed collagen fibers and liming enzyme to cooperate with the dispersed fibers for liming, wherein the weight of the fleshed skin embryo is calculated by 100 parts, 200 parts of water is added, 1 part of lime is added, 1.0 part of liming enzyme DOWELLZYM LM is added, 2.0 parts of liming auxiliary agent SINTERAL B65 (organic acid sodium salt) and 801 parts of degreasing agent Supralan are rotated for 20 minutes, then the rotation is carried out for 5 minutes, the stop is carried out for 60 minutes, and the duration is 8-9 hours; liquid discharging, water washing and drum discharging; adopting an auxiliary agent and liming enzyme with strong collagen fiber dispersing ability, and fully dispersing unhaired hide fibers by the cooperation of the two materials so as to promote subsequent softening and tanning effects;
b) softening: deeply softening the hide fibers by adopting low-temperature softening enzyme, specifically, calculating the weight of the trimmed hide blank by 100 parts, adding 200 parts of water, keeping the water temperature at 30-32 ℃, adding 2 parts of deliming agent, rotating for 10 minutes, adding 0.5 part of hydrochloric acid, rotating for 40 minutes, checking the cut of the hide blank (taking phenolphthalein solution as an indicator and leading the hide center to be red), adding 2 parts of softening enzyme DOWLZLZYM CBK, rotating for 90 minutes, draining liquid, ensuring the permeation and combination of materials in the retanning process, reducing the elongation of finished leather, and laying a foundation for the wear resistance and scratch resistance of the finished leather;
c) tanning: tanning leather blank by adopting zeolite tanning agent, adding 6.0 parts of ZLR100 reagent into pickle liquor, rotating for 4 hours, adding 2 parts of baking soda (adding by 4 times) until pH is 4.0-4.2; adding 0.5 part of mildew preventive 30L, and rotating for 60 minutes; discharging liquid, discharging, building, draining, squeezing, stretching, shaving, trimming and grading, completely abandoning the traditional chrome powder tanning, ensuring that the finished leather has no heavy metal chrome and the ecological characteristics of the product are outstanding. Meanwhile, the discharged waste liquid after tanning and the waste liquid in the subsequent process are chromium-free, and the comprehensive waste water and the comprehensive sludge are easy to dispose;
d) retanning: retanning and filling by adopting an acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer retanning agent, supplementing 50 parts of water by taking the weight of a leather blank as 100 parts, adding 4 parts of a retanning agent Rheoskin 2000 (acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer), and rotating for 20 minutes; adding 1 part of Tara tannin extract Tara, rotating for 20 minutes, then heating the system to 40-45 ℃, adding 832 parts of acrylic acid retanning agent, rotating for 40 minutes, and after the material enters leather fibers, intermolecular polymerization can be carried out, thus effectively improving the compactness of leather and reducing the extensibility;
e) coating: coating with silica-compounded bi-component waterborne polyurethane, wherein the component A is isocyanate prepolymer, the component B is polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substances, and the component C is water-dispersible silica sol, mixing the components, quickly mixing the components, and immediately conveying the mixture to a roller coating machine for roller coating, wherein the specific coating process comprises the steps of spraying, roller coating and spraying combination, wherein: (1) spraying for the 1 st time: 100 parts of deionized water, medium soft cation aqueous polymer50 parts of polyurethane, 30 parts of water-based pigment paste and 15g/m of spraying amount 2 Then drying for 2 minutes at 110 ℃; (2) roll coating: 30 parts of deionized water, 30 parts of component A (isocyanate prepolymer), 20 parts of component B (polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substances) and 20 parts of component C (water-dispersible silica sol), quickly stirring and uniformly mixing for 2 minutes after mixing, immediately conveying to a roll coating machine for roll coating, wherein the roll coating amount is 25g/m 2 Then drying for 2 minutes at 110 ℃; (3) and (3) spraying for the 2 nd time: 100 parts of deionized water, 20 parts of bright waterborne polyurethane, 10 parts of crosslinking agent, 5 parts of hand feeling agent, and 8-12g/m of spraying amount 2 Then drying for 1 minute at 110 ℃, hanging and drying for 24 hours, and endowing the leather coating with excellent toughness, wear resistance and scratch resistance.
Before the liming process of the step a), batching, soaking, fleshing and unhairing are required, wherein the unhairing process comprises the following steps: 100 parts of water, SINTERAL DH2801 parts of unhairing assistant and 1 part of unhairing protease DOWELLZYM TM are added into the unhairing skin embryo in 100 parts by weight, the mixture is rotated for 1 hour, then 1.5 parts of lime and 1.5 parts of sodium sulfide are added, the mixture is rotated for 2 hours until the hairs fall off completely, and the hairs are filtered.
Before the softening process of the step b), the method comprises the steps of flaking and trimming; the softening step of step (b) is followed by a step of pickling.
After the tanning process of step c), further comprising 1) rewetting: adding the evenly ground leather blank into a rotary drum, adding 15 parts of water by weight based on 100 parts of the leather blank, adding 0.5 part of wetting agent ProSoak, rotating for 30 minutes at the water temperature of 22-25 ℃, and draining; 2) neutralizing: adding 100 parts of water, adding 2 parts of neutralizing tannin JNG at the water temperature of 30-35 ℃, rotating for 20 minutes, adding 0.5 part of baking soda (adding by 3 times), rotating for 35-45 minutes after finishing the adding, and discharging the liquid.
After the retanning procedure of the step d), the method also comprises the following procedures:
fat liquoring: the retanning is carried out in the same bath, 3 parts of fatliquor TRUPON SWS are added, the rotation is carried out for 20 minutes, 2 parts of fatliquor BAPROVOL BA and 10100.15 parts of antioxidant are added, and the rotation is carried out for 40 minutes;
dyeing: the method is carried out in one bath with retanning and fatliquoring, and is a conventional operation, the dye dosage is determined by the final color of the product, and the adopted dye is an environment-friendly dye;
fixing: adding 1001.5 parts of zeolite tanning agent ZLR into the bath foam, rotating for 30 minutes, and discharging liquid;
washing with water: adding 150 parts of water into the rotary drum, rotating for 14 minutes, discharging liquid, and discharging from the drum;
and (3) vacuum drying: the vacuum temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the vacuum time is 250 seconds;
the processes of toggling drying, hanging and drying, buffing, dampening, vibrating and softening and repairing the injury.
Example 2
Because the difference of the buffalo skin is large, the skin fiber is thick, and the grain surface has more damage, the fiber dispersion should be strengthened, and the grain surface covering should be strengthened.
In the liming procedure, the dosage of the liming enzyme DOWELLZYM LM is replaced by 1.5 parts, and the dosage of the liming auxiliary agent SINTERAL B65 is replaced by 2.0 parts; in the softening process, the softening time is replaced by 120 minutes; in the coating operation, the coating amount was changed to 30g/m in the 1 st coat 2 Otherwise, the procedure was as in example 1.
Example 3
The Brazilian cattle hide fiber weaving is similar to that of American oxhide, but the grain side is damaged more, and the grain side covering is enhanced during coating.
The spraying amount of the 1 st spraying in the coating process is replaced by 30g/m 2 Otherwise, the procedure was the same as in example 1.
TABLE 1 detection results of the main quality indicators of the leathers produced by the technique of the invention
The results of the tests of the main quality indicators of the leathers prepared by the technique of the present invention (examples 1, 2 and 3) are shown in table 1. Compared with the content of the current national standard GB/T16799-2018, the measured index completely meets the requirement of the standard, and the technology is shown to have applicability to raw skins from different sources.
(1) Influence of liming and softening degree on wear-resisting and scratch-resisting effects of products
Comparative example 1 (examination of degree of fiber Dispersion on abrasion and scratch resistance)
The only difference from example 1 is: in the liming operation, liming enzyme is not added, and the dosage of the liming auxiliary agent SINTERAL B65 is replaced by 0.5 part; the same procedure as in example 1 was followed except that in the softening operation, after the addition of the softening enzyme DOWELLZYM CBK, the rotation time was changed to 30 minutes.
TABLE 2 Effect of liming and softening on leather elongation, abrasion and scratch resistance
Liming and bating are the process of breaking apart the hide fiber bundles, releasing more active groups, thus facilitating the penetration and combination of the tanning agent and the retanning agent, and ensuring good compactness and low elongation of the substrate (leather blank). The level of liming and softening affects the overall performance of the leather (including abrasion and scratch resistance). The elongation, abrasion resistance and scratch resistance of the leathers prepared in example 1 and comparative example 1 are compared in table 2, wherein the elongation (21.3%) of the comparative example 1 sample is significantly higher than that of example 1 (8.4%), indicating that the extensibility of the substrate (leather blank) prepared in comparative example 1 is higher, also resulting in a decrease in the scratch resistance of the sample coating (grade 3 at 20N). This indicates that insufficient liming and softening results in a reduction of the scratch resistance of the coating of the leather product.
(2) Influence of retanning agent Rheoskin 2000 on wear-resisting and scratch-resisting effects of product
Comparative example 2
The only difference from example 1 is: the retanning operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the amount of the retanning agent Rheoskin 2000 was changed to 1.0 part.
TABLE 3 impact of the retanning agent Rheoskin 2000 on leather elongation, abrasion and scratch resistance
After the retanning agent is combined with the leather fiber, the retanning agent has a fixing effect on the fiber, and macroscopically, the leather fiber is firmer and has reduced extensibility. The capability of fixing the leather fibers by different retanning agents is greatly different, and the fixing degree of the leather fibers is greatly influenced by different using amounts of the same retanning agent. In Table 3 the elongation, abrasion and scratch resistance of the leather are compared when the amount of retanning agent material Rheoskin 2000 is 4.0 parts (example 1) and 1.0 part (comparative example 2), respectively. The results show that the elongation increase is more pronounced (16.4%) at lower amounts of retanning agent (comparative example 2), while a scratch resistance test is carried out at a pressure of 15N already yielding clear scratch lines (grade 2). Thus the proper amount of retanning material Rheoskin 2000 should be ensured.
The main component of Rheoskin 2000 is acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer, which endows leather with good filling property and simultaneously does not obviously reduce the hand feeling of the leather. On the other hand, the leather has a reduced hand feeling, although a better filling property can be obtained by increasing the amount of tannin extract Tara or acrylic acid retanning agent R83. Therefore, based on the judgment of the integral performance of the leather, Rheoskin 2000 is a key material for preparing the high-wear-resistant, scratch-resistant and chrome-free tanned sofa leather. (3) Influence of silicon dioxide on abrasion and scratch resistance
Comparative example 3
The only difference from example 1 is: the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that the component C (water-dispersible silica sol) was not added in the roll coating step of the coating operation.
TABLE 4 influence of silicon dioxide on the abrasion and scratch resistance of leather
The double-component polyurethane coating has excellent mechanical property, and water can be selected as a dispersion in each component, so that the cleanness of the production process is ensured. Meanwhile, silicon dioxide contains hydroxyl, so that the silicon dioxide can also be used as a reaction component and added into the two-component polyurethane to strengthen the crosslinking of the coating. In addition, the silicon dioxide which does not participate in the reaction is dispersed in the coating, so that the coating is endowed with good wear resistance and scratch resistance. The effect of silica on the abrasion and scratch resistance of the coating is compared in table 4 and the results show that the incorporation of silica into the coating (example 1) results in a leather with abrasion resistance significantly better than that of the leather without silica (comparative example 3) and a coating with no silica (comparative example 3) with poor scratch resistance. The use of silica in the finishing process thus ensures excellent abrasion and scratch resistance of the coating.
(4) Influence of two-component polyurethane on wear-resisting and scratch-resisting effects
Comparative example 4
The only difference from example 1 is: the procedure of the roll coating was the same as that of example 1 except that 50 parts of an aqueous polyurethane RODA Pur 64/N was used in place of the A component and the B component in the roll coating step in the coating operation.
TABLE 5 influence of the polyurethane type on the abrasion and scratch resistance of leather
The polyurethane type has a significant impact on the properties of the coating. In the experiment, the conventional waterborne polyurethane with equal parts is adopted to replace two-component polyurethane, and the two-component polyurethane is compounded with silicon dioxide and then is subjected to roll coating. The results show that the abrasion resistance and the scratch resistance of the coating obtained by the coating mode are obviously poor (see table 5). The reason is that under such conditions, silica does not react sufficiently with polyurethane, resulting in a large amount of silica particles merely embedded in the coating in physical form, which rather impairs the properties of the coating.
Therefore, based on the results of tables 4 and 5, it can be seen that: the component A (isocyanate prepolymer), the component B (polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substance) and the component C (water dispersible silica sol) adopted in the invention have good cooperativity, and the coating can be endowed with excellent wear resistance and scratch resistance under reasonable compounding.
Claims (10)
1. A production method of wear-resistant scraping-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather is characterized by comprising the following steps: the production steps comprise:
a) liming: liming by using an auxiliary agent with strongly dispersed collagen fibers and liming enzyme in cooperation with the dispersed fibers;
b) softening: deeply softening the hide fibers by adopting low-temperature softening enzyme;
c) tanning: tanning the leather blank by adopting a zeolite tanning agent;
d) retanning: retanning and filling by adopting an acrylic acid-polyphenol polymer retanning agent;
e) coating: coating silica-compounded two-component waterborne polyurethane, wherein the component A is isocyanate prepolymer, the component B is polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substance, and the component C is water-dispersible silica sol, mixing the components, quickly mixing uniformly, and immediately conveying to a roller coating machine for roller coating.
2. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the liming process of the step a), batching, soaking, fleshing and unhairing are required, wherein the unhairing process comprises the following steps: adding 90-110 parts of water, 0.9-1.1 parts of unhairing assistant and 0.9-1.1 parts of unhairing protease into the unhairing skin blank by 100 parts of the unhairing skin blank, rotating for 1 hour, then adding 1.4-1.6 parts of lime and 1.4-1.6 parts of sodium sulfide into the unhairing skin blank, rotating for 1.8-2.2 hours until all hairs fall off, and filtering the hairs.
3. The method for producing wear-resistant and scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the liming process of step a) specifically comprises: the weight of the fleshed skin blank is calculated by 100 parts, the weight of water is 180-220 parts, lime is 0.9-1.1 parts, liming enzyme is 1.0-1.5 parts, liming auxiliary agent is 1.0-2.0 parts, degreasing agent is 0.9-1.1 parts, the leather blank rotates for 18-22 minutes, then rotates for 4.5-5.5 minutes, stops for 55-65 minutes and lasts for 8-9 hours; liquid discharge, water washing and drum discharge.
4. The method for producing wear-resistant and scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the softening process of the step b), the method specifically comprises the steps of adding 220 parts of water 180-plus materials by weight based on 100 parts of trimmed leather blank, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of deliming agent at the temperature of 30-32 ℃, rotating for 8-12 minutes, adding 0.4-0.6 part of hydrochloric acid, rotating for 35-45 minutes, checking the cut of the leather blank, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of softening enzyme, rotating for 90-120 minutes and draining.
5. The method for producing wear-resistant and scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the softening process of the step b), the method comprises the steps of flaking and trimming; the softening process of step (b) is followed by a step of pickling.
6. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the tanning process of the step c), adding 6.0 parts of ZLR100 reagent into pickle liquor, rotating for 3.5-4.5 hours, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of baking soda until the pH value is 4.0-4.2; adding 0.4-0.6 part of mildew preventive, and rotating for 50-70 minutes; draining, drum discharging, horse building, draining, squeezing and stretching, shaving, trimming and grading.
7. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the tanning process of step c), further comprising 1) rewetting: adding the evenly-shaved leather blank into a rotary drum, wherein the weight of the leather blank is calculated by 100 parts, water is 140 plus 160 parts, 0.4-0.6 part of wetting agent is added, the water temperature is 22-25 ℃, the leather blank is rotated for 25-35 minutes, and water is drained; 2) neutralizing: adding 90-110 parts of water, cooling to 30-35 ℃, adding 1.8-2.2 parts of neutralized tannin, rotating for 18-22 minutes, adding 0.4-0.6 part of baking soda, rotating for 35-45 minutes after the completion, and discharging liquid.
8. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the retanning procedure of the step d), adding 45-55 parts of water according to 100 parts of the weight of the leather embryo, adding 3.8-4.2 parts of retanning agent, and rotating for 18-22 minutes; adding tara tannin extract 0.9-1.1 weight portions, rotating for 18-22 min, heating the system to 40-45 deg.c, adding acrylic acid retanning agent 1.8-2.2 weight portions, and rotating for 35-45 min.
9. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: after the retanning procedure of the step d), the method also comprises the following procedures:
fat liquoring: the retanning is carried out in one bath, 2.8-3.2 parts of fatting agent is added, the rotation is carried out for 18-22 minutes, 1.8-2.2 parts of fatting agent and 0.14-0.16 part of antioxidant are added, and the rotation is carried out for 35-45 minutes;
dyeing: the method is carried out in one bath with retanning and fatliquoring, and is a conventional operation, the dye dosage is determined by the final color of the product, and the adopted dye is an environment-friendly dye;
fixing: adding 1.4-1.6 parts of zeolite tanning agent into the bath foam, rotating for 25-35 minutes, and discharging liquid;
washing with water: adding 140 and 160 parts of water into the rotary drum, rotating for 13-17 minutes, discharging liquid, and discharging the liquid out of the drum;
and (3) vacuum drying: the vacuum temperature is 55-60 ℃, and the vacuum time is 220-260 seconds;
the processes of toggling drying, hanging and drying, buffing, dampening, vibrating and softening and repairing the injury.
10. The production method of the wear-resistant scratch-resistant chrome-free tanned sofa leather according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the coating process of the step e), spraying, rolling and spraying are combined, wherein: (1) spraying for the 1 st time: 90-110 parts of deionized water, 45-55 parts of medium-soft cationic waterborne polyurethane and 25-35 parts of waterborne pigment paste, wherein the spraying amount is 15-30g/m2, and then the mixture is dried for 1.8-2.2 minutes at the temperature of 100-; (2) roll coating: 28-32 parts of deionized water, 28-32 parts of component A (isocyanate prepolymer), 18-22 parts of component B (polyhydric hydroxyl alcohol substance) and 18-22 parts of component C (water dispersible silica sol), quickly stirring and uniformly mixing for 1.8-2.2 minutes after mixing, immediately conveying to a roll coating machine for roll coating, wherein the roll coating amount is 22-28g/m2, and then drying for 1.8-2.2 minutes at the temperature of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃; (3) spraying for the 2 nd time: 90-110 parts of deionized water, 18-22 parts of bright waterborne polyurethane, 8-12 parts of cross-linking agent, 4-6 parts of hand feeling agent, 8-12g/m2 of spraying amount, drying for 0.8-1.2 minutes at the temperature of 100-.
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