CN114920242A - Preparation method of high-capacity graphite composite material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-capacity graphite composite material, which comprises the following steps: polystyrene, an organic silane compound, needle coke and oily carbon nanotube conductive liquid are added into an organic solvent to prepare a uniform solution, then precursor microspheres are prepared by spray drying, then the precursor microspheres are added into a coating agent to carry out wet ball milling, and then the high-capacity graphite composite material is prepared by microwave heating polymerization and carbonization. The prepared graphite composite material utilizes micro-holes left after polystyrene decomposition to reduce the expansion of silicon materials of the graphite composite material and improve the capacity by doping silicon, and simultaneously shortens the preparation period of the material by combining microwave heating polymerization and reduces the cost, and the prepared material has the characteristics of high specific capacity, excellent cycle performance and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of lithium ion battery materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-capacity graphite composite material.
Background
Along with the expansion of the application of the lithium ion battery to the fields of power batteries, energy storage and the like, higher and higher requirements are put forward on the energy density, the power density and the cycle life of the lithium ion battery. The negative electrode material used by the lithium ion battery at present mainly takes graphite materials and silicon carbon materials as main materials, but the silicon carbon materials used at present have the defects of high expansion rate, poor cycle times (less than or equal to 1500 times), high price and the like, and the requirements of marketization on the cycle performance of the negative electrode material at present are difficult to meet, so the specific capacity and the cycle life of the artificial graphite are improved only by modifying the artificial graphite which is low in price, mature, stable and excellent in cycle performance at present. At present, the modification of artificial graphite is mainly optimized by processes of secondary granulation, surface coating modification and the like of materials, and the defects of small capacity improvement amplitude, large cycle deviation, large expansion rate and the like exist.
Patent application CN 107871859A discloses a preparation method of a high cycle power lithium ion battery negative electrode material, which comprises the following steps: (1) crushing; (2) mixing materials; (3) low-temperature heat treatment; (4) medium-temperature or high-temperature treatment; (5) and cooling and grading, wherein the coating agent is a composition of asphalt and heavy oil, which is beneficial to realizing uniform coating, and simultaneously, the material has higher energy density, and the prepared negative electrode material has the advantages of obviously improved liquid absorption performance and peel strength, high charge-discharge rate and good cycle performance. However, the liquid absorption and the cycle performance of the material do not reach an ideal state, and the main reason is that the material is modified through a post-process, the stability deviation of the formed SEI film and the structural stability deviation of the material are not modified by a precursor process, so that the specific capacity is not obviously improved, and the cycle performance is required to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the specific capacity and the cycle performance of the graphite composite material, the structural stability of the material and the matching property of the material and electrolyte are improved by doping and modifying the graphite precursor material, so that the specific capacity and the cycle performance of the material are improved.
The invention provides a preparation method of a high-capacity graphite composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a precursor microsphere A:
adding polystyrene, an organic silane compound, needle coke and an oily carbon nano tube conductive liquid into an organic solvent to prepare a uniform solution, and then preparing a precursor microsphere A by spray drying, wherein the mass ratio of the components is polystyrene to the organic silane compound to the needle coke to the oily carbon nano tube conductive liquid solid to the organic solvent = (1-5) to (100 to 1-5) to (500-1000);
(2) preparing a graphite precursor composite material B:
mixing the precursor microsphere A, asphalt and a thiobenzene compound to obtain a graphite precursor composite material B, wherein the mass ratio of the components is (10-30) to (50-200) that the precursor microsphere A is 100 to the asphalt and the thiobenzene compound is 100 to the thiobenzene compound;
(3) preparation of composite material C:
transferring the graphite precursor composite material B into a microwave oven, and heating and polymerizing by a microwave technology to obtain a composite material C;
(4) preparation of composite material D:
and (3) carrying out medium-temperature heat treatment on the composite material C for 1-2 hours at 1000-1200 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas, and then cooling, grading and demagnetizing under an inert atmosphere to obtain a graphite composite material D.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organosilane compound in step (1) is one of dichlorodimethylsilane, hexamethyldisilazane, phenyltrichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, diphenyldihydroxysilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane, chloromethylsilane, chlorophenylsilane, and trimethylchlorosilane.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thiobenzene compound in the step (2) is one of thiobenzamide, phenyl thiocarbamate, 4-hydroxythiobenzamide, 2-acetyl-4-methylthiobenzene, phenyl thiobenzoate and 5-bromothiobenzene-2-carbaldehyde oxime.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixed gas in the step (4) is a mixed gas of argon and chlorine trifluoride, and the volume ratio of the mixed gas to the mixed gas is 100 (1-10).
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for the heating polymerization in the step (3) is 5 to 20 min.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microwave power in step (3) is 500W.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
by taking polystyrene as a template and doping an organosilane compound and a graphite precursor material needle coke on the surface of the polystyrene as a template, preparing a needle coke precursor microsphere containing a silicon compound, and then heating to decompose the precursor microsphere to leave nano-micron holes, on one hand, the expansion of the silicon material of the precursor microsphere is reduced, and on the other hand, the carbon nano tube doped in the inner core reduces the expansion of the silicon material of the inner core and improves the conductivity of the silicon material of the inner core, so that the composite material with the inner core made of the silicon compound and the graphite composite material and the outer surface made of a carbon-nitrogen substance coating layer with a stable structure formed by the crosslinking of a sulfur group and a benzene ring group in a thiobenzene compound and asphalt is obtained. Finally, the surface modification of the chlorine trifluoride gas reduces the active points of the surface groups of the material, reduces the side reaction of the chlorine trifluoride gas and the electrolyte, and improves the cycle performance of the chlorine trifluoride gas. Meanwhile, the preparation process can be greatly shortened by adopting microwave heating.
Drawings
The invention may be better understood by reference to the following description of embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is an SEM image of the graphite composite material prepared in example 1.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1) Preparing a precursor microsphere A:
adding 3g of polystyrene, 3g of dichlorodimethylsilane, 100g of needle coke and 60ml of 5% oily carbon nanotube conductive liquid into 800ml of N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a uniform solution, and then preparing a precursor microsphere A by spray drying;
2) preparing a graphite precursor composite material B:
weighing 100g of precursor microspheres A, 20g of asphalt and 100g of phenyl thiocarbamate, and mixing to obtain a graphite precursor composite material B;
3) preparation of composite material C:
transferring the graphite precursor composite material B into a microwave oven, and heating and polymerizing for 10min by a microwave technology (with the power of 500W) to obtain a composite material C;
4) preparation of composite material D:
and (3) under the protection of mixed gas of argon and chlorine trifluoride (volume ratio, 100:5, flow rate 10 ml/min), carrying out moderate-temperature heat treatment on the composite material C at 1100 ℃ for 1.5 hours, and then cooling, grading and demagnetizing under an argon inert atmosphere to obtain a graphite composite material D.
Example 2
1) Preparing a precursor microsphere A:
adding 1g of polystyrene, 1g of hexamethyldisilazane, 100g of needle coke and 20ml of 5% oily carbon nanotube conductive liquid into 500ml of N-methylpyrrolidone to prepare a uniform solution, and then preparing a precursor microsphere A by spray drying;
2) preparing a graphite precursor composite material:
weighing 100g of precursor microsphere A, 10g of pitch and 50g of phenyl thiocarbonate, and mixing to obtain a graphite precursor composite material B;
3) preparation of composite material C:
transferring the graphite precursor composite material B into a microwave oven, and heating and polymerizing for 5min by using a microwave technology (with the power of 500W) to obtain a composite material C;
4) preparation of composite material D:
and (2) carrying out moderate-temperature heat treatment on the composite material C at 1000 ℃ for 2 hours under the protection of mixed gas of argon and chlorine trifluoride (volume ratio, 100:1, flow rate of 10 ml/min), and then cooling, grading and demagnetizing under an argon inert atmosphere to obtain a graphite composite material D.
Example 3
1) Preparing a precursor microsphere A:
adding 5g of polystyrene, 5g of trimethylchlorosilane, 100g of needle coke and 100ml of 5% oily carbon nanotube conductive solution into 1000ml of N-methylpyrrolidone organic solvent to prepare a uniform solution, and then preparing a precursor microsphere A by spray drying;
2) preparing a graphite precursor composite material:
weighing 100g of precursor microsphere A, 30g of asphalt and 200g of 4-hydroxythiobenzamide, and mixing to obtain a graphite precursor composite material B;
3) preparation of composite material C:
transferring the graphite precursor composite material B into a microwave oven, and heating and polymerizing for 20min by a microwave technology (with the power of 500W) to obtain a composite material C;
4) preparation of composite material D:
and (3) under the protection of mixed gas of argon and chlorine trifluoride (volume ratio, 100:10, flow rate 10 ml/min), carrying out moderate-temperature heat treatment on the composite material C at 1200 ℃ for 1 hour, and then cooling, grading and demagnetizing under the inert atmosphere of argon to obtain the graphite composite material D.
Comparative example
Uniformly mixing 100g of needle coke and 30g of asphalt, transferring the mixture into a tube furnace, sintering the mixture under the protection of argon atmosphere at 1200 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, naturally cooling the mixture to room temperature, and grading and demagnetizing the mixture to obtain the graphite composite material.
1) And (4) SEM test:
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the graphite composite material prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the SEM image that the material has a spheroidal structure, the size distribution is reasonable, and the particle size is 10-15 μm.
2) Physical and chemical properties and button cell test:
assembling the lithium ion battery negative electrode materials obtained in the examples 1-3 and the comparative example into button batteries A1, A2, A3 and B1 respectively; the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a binder, a conductive agent and a solvent into the negative electrode material, stirring and pulping, coating the mixture on a copper foil, and drying and rolling the copper foil to obtain the copper-clad laminate. The binder is LA132 binder, the conductive agent SP, the negative electrode material is respectively the negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment 1-3 and the comparative example, the solvent is secondary distilled water, and the proportion is as follows: the negative electrode material is SP, LA132, secondary distilled water =95g, 1g, 4g, 220mL, and a negative electrode piece is prepared; the electrolyte is LiPF 6 EC + DEC (volume ratio 1: 1), lithium metalThe sheet is a counter electrode, a diaphragm adopts a Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene propylene (PEP) composite membrane, the simulated battery is assembled in a glove box filled with argon, the electrochemical performance is carried out on a Wuhan blue CT2001A type battery tester, the charging and discharging voltage range is 0.005V to 2.0V, and the charging and discharging rate is 0.1C. And simultaneously testing the compaction density and the liquid absorption and retention capacity of the front pole piece, and testing the cycle performance (0.1C/0.1C, 25 ℃, 5 mV-2V) of the button cell. The test data are detailed in table 1.
As can be seen from Table 1, the discharge capacity and the first efficiency of the discharge cells using the negative electrode materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 are significantly higher than those of the comparative examples. The experimental result shows that the surface of the graphite is coated with the doped organosilane compound and the graphite precursor material needle coke, nano-micron holes are left after carbonization, the expansion of the material can be controlled by utilizing the high capacity of the silicon material, and meanwhile, the polystyrene microspheres are decomposed to leave the nano-micron holes, so that the liquid absorption and retention capacity is high, and the cycle performance of the button cell in the embodiment is improved.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-capacity graphite composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a precursor microsphere A:
adding polystyrene, an organic silane compound, needle coke and an oily carbon nanotube conductive liquid into an organic solvent to prepare a uniform solution, and then preparing a precursor microsphere A by spray drying, wherein the mass ratio of the polystyrene to the organic silane compound to the needle coke to the oily carbon nanotube conductive liquid solid to the organic solvent is (1-5) to (100) to (1-5) to (500-1000);
(2) preparing a graphite precursor composite material B:
mixing the precursor microsphere A, asphalt and a thiobenzene compound to obtain a graphite precursor composite material B, wherein the mass ratio of the components is (10-30) to (50-200) that the precursor microsphere A is 100 to the asphalt and the thiobenzene compound is 100 to the precursor microsphere A;
(3) preparation of composite material C:
transferring the graphite precursor composite material B into a microwave oven, and heating and polymerizing by a microwave technology to obtain a composite material C;
(4) preparation of composite material D:
and (3) carrying out medium-temperature heat treatment on the composite material C for 1-2 hours at 1000-1200 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas, and then cooling, grading and demagnetizing under an inert atmosphere to obtain a high-capacity graphite composite material D.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the organosilane compound in the step (1) is one of dichlorodimethylsilane, hexamethyldisilazane, phenyltrichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, hexamethyldisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, diphenyldihydroxysilane, diphenyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane, chloromethylsilane, chlorophenylsilane, and trimethylchlorosilane.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thiobenzene compound in the step (2) is one of thiobenzamide, phenylthiocarbamate, 4-hydroxythiobenzamide, 2-acetyl-4-methylthiobenzene, phenylthiobenzoate, and 5-bromothiobenzene-2-carbaldehyde oxime.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed gas in the step (4) is a mixed gas of argon and chlorine trifluoride, and the volume ratio of the mixed gas to the mixed gas is 100 (1-10).
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the heating polymerization in the step (3) is carried out for 5 to 20 min.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the microwave power in the step (3) is 500W.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116505117A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-07-28 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for coating waste lithium battery negative electrode graphite by microwave pyrolytic carbon |
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| WO2010029135A2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Method for producing a silicon/carbon composite material, material produced thereby, and electrode, especially negative electrode, comprising said material |
| CN114242987A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Preparation method of three-dimensional porous silicon-carbon composite material |
| CN114400312A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-26 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Low-expansion silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010029135A2 (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2010-03-18 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Method for producing a silicon/carbon composite material, material produced thereby, and electrode, especially negative electrode, comprising said material |
| CN114242987A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Preparation method of three-dimensional porous silicon-carbon composite material |
| CN114400312A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-26 | 格龙新材料科技(常州)有限公司 | Low-expansion silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116505117A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-07-28 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for coating waste lithium battery negative electrode graphite by microwave pyrolytic carbon |
| CN116505117B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-02-20 | 山东产研绿洲环境产业技术研究院有限公司 | Device and method for coating waste lithium battery negative electrode graphite by microwave pyrolytic carbon |
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