CN114918365A - Casting method of cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth - Google Patents
Casting method of cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth Download PDFInfo
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- CN114918365A CN114918365A CN202210462222.XA CN202210462222A CN114918365A CN 114918365 A CN114918365 A CN 114918365A CN 202210462222 A CN202210462222 A CN 202210462222A CN 114918365 A CN114918365 A CN 114918365A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 244000035744 Hura crepitans Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002165 CarbonCast Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
- B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
The application provides a casting method of a water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel, which comprises the following steps: placing the water-cooled furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form a sand mold; opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooled furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooled furnace mouth cavity corresponding to the water-cooled furnace mouth model in the sand box, and coating high-temperature-resistant coating on the inner wall of the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity; fixing a water-cooled tube in a water-cooled furnace mouth cavity, wherein two ends of the water-cooled tube extend out of the sand box after penetrating through the sand mould; closing the sand box; continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe; pouring cast steel molten steel into the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity until the pouring is finished; continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe; and stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of the cast steel. The water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel can be formed by casting molten steel of cast steel, the service life of the water-cooling furnace mouth is prolonged, meanwhile, a fusion tube with a built-in water-cooling tube can be avoided in the casting process, and the casting success rate is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of converter water-cooling furnace mouths, in particular to a casting method of a cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth.
Background
The water-cooled furnace mouth is an important component in electric furnace steelmaking equipment, the structure of the water-cooled furnace mouth is a thick-wall semi-annular shape, the thickness is usually 120-240mm, a seamless steel pipe is embedded in the middle of the interior of the water-cooled furnace mouth for water cooling, the weight of a single piece is 5-12 tons, and the water-cooled furnace mouth is usually made of a nodular cast iron QT400-18 material.
Because the water-cooled furnace mouth of the steel-making converter is used in a high-temperature environment for a long time, in order to prolong the service life, a seamless pipe is pre-embedded in the furnace mouth for water cooling, and the service life of the furnace mouth is prolonged by reducing the temperature. For the water-cooling furnace mouth made of nodular cast iron, radial cracks often appear on the inner ring of the furnace mouth due to the fact that the inner ring of the furnace mouth is in the process of temperature alternation for a long time, and in severe cases, the cracks directly extend to the embedded seamless steel pipe in the furnace mouth, so that great hidden dangers are brought to the safe operation of an electric furnace, the service life is very short, and the important factor for restricting the continuous operation of the whole electric furnace steel-making equipment is formed.
Therefore, how to cast a water-cooling furnace mouth which has long service life and is suitable for being used in the environment with alternating temperature for a long time is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel, comprising:
placing the water-cooling furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form a sand mold;
opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooled furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooled furnace mouth cavity corresponding to the water-cooled furnace mouth model in the sand box, and coating high-temperature-resistant paint on the inner wall of the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity;
fixing a water-cooling pipe in the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity, wherein two ends of the water-cooling pipe penetrate through the sand mould and then extend out of the sand box for being connected with an external cooling water device;
closing the sand box;
continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe;
pouring cast steel molten steel into the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity until the pouring is finished;
continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe;
and stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box and the sand mold to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
Further, the molten steel for casting steelPouringThe temperature was 1540-1570 ℃.
Furthermore, the tensile strength of the cast steel is more than or equal to 400 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 25%.
Further, the cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.35-0.50%, Mn: 0.6-0.8%, Cr: 0.4-0.7%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%.
The cast steel is also called carbon cast steel, which is one of steel materials, and carbon is a main element influencing the mechanical property of the carbon cast steel. As the carbon content increases, the yield point and tensile strength of the carbon cast steel both increase, and the tensile strength increases more than the yield point. In addition, as the carbon content increases, the plasticity and toughness of the carbon cast steel decrease. When the carbon content in the carbon cast steel exceeds 0.45%, the yield point rises little, but the plasticity and toughness are remarkably reduced. With the increase of carbon content, the solidification temperature of the carbon cast steel is reduced, and the fluidity and the casting performance of the molten steel become better. Therefore, in the present application, the cast steel suitable for the present application is finally selected in consideration of the fluidity, castability, and plasticity and toughness of the molten steel of the cast steel, and the carbon content thereof is 0.17 to 0.22% by weight.
The cast steel water-cooled furnace mouth is of a semi-circular thick-wall structure, and two cast steel water-cooled furnace mouths form a complete set of water-cooled furnace mouths (see fig. 3).
It is worth noting that in the application, the material of the water-cooling furnace mouth is changed from the traditional nodular cast iron into the cast steel material, and the service life of the water-cooling furnace mouth is prolonged by virtue of the advantages of low-carbon steel in the aspect of mechanical property. However, the change of the material brings great difficulty to the casting production of the water-cooling furnace mouth, which is mainly shown in the following steps: the liquidus temperature of cast steel is 1508 ℃, which is 290 ℃ higher than that of nodular cast iron; the pouring temperature of the molten steel for casting steel is 1540-1570 ℃, which is nearly 280 ℃ higher than that of nodular cast iron. At such high pouring temperatures, built-in water-cooled tubes (i.e., steel tubes, with a melting point of 1510 ℃) are very prone to tube melting during the pouring process, resulting in scrap of the furnace mouth casting.
Therefore, one of the innovative points of the present application is: when the water-cooled furnace mouth is cast, water is introduced into the built-in water-cooled tube for cooling in the pouring process, the heat of the molten steel for casting takes away the overheating heat through the cooling water flowing in the water-cooled tube, the temperature of the water-cooled tube and the temperature of the casting body are reduced, the tube melting of the water-cooled tube can be avoided, and meanwhile, a compact high-quality casting without the defects of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity and the like can be obtained, so that the service life of the water-cooled furnace mouth is prolonged.
Further, the temperature of the cooling water is 30-60 ℃.
Further, the temperature of the cooling water is 40 ℃.
The temperature of the cooling water is related to whether the water-cooled tube melts the tube, and also to the quality of the cast steel water-cooled furnace mouth (hereinafter referred to as a "casting"). When the temperature of introduced cooling water is too low, the casting is cooled too fast, so that the casting is easy to crack, and the use safety of the casting is influenced; when the temperature of introduced cooling water is too high, the cooling water is very easy to vaporize under the action of high-temperature molten steel for casting steel, so that the cooling water cannot cool, and the part of the water-cooled tube, which is far away from the water inlet end, can generate partial fusion tube, so that the furnace mouth is scrapped.
And further, the water introducing time for continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe is 15-30 min.
And further, the water flowing time for continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe is 20 min.
And after pouring is finished, cooling water is continuously introduced, so that the water cooling pipe is ensured to be melted but not penetrated, and the casting cracking caused by overlong water introduction time is avoided.
The water passage time is also related to whether the water-cooled tube melts or not, and also to the quality of the cast steel water-cooled furnace mouth (hereinafter referred to as a "casting"). If the time for continuously supplying water is too short, after cooling water is not supplied, the waste heat of the high-temperature molten steel casting water still can cause the danger of a fusion tube of the internal water-cooling tube, even the fusion tube of the water-cooling tube and a furnace mouth to be scrapped; if the continuous water supply time is too long, the continuous supply of cooling water can lead to the continuous reduction of the temperature of the casting along with the dispersion of the waste heat of the high-temperature molten steel, so that the casting is easy to crack, and the use safety is influenced.
Further, the method also comprises the step of carrying out annealing treatment at 800-900 ℃ on the water-cooling furnace mouth made of the cast steel material.
The casting is subjected to high-temperature annealing treatment, so that crystal grains of the casting can be refined.
Furthermore, the water-cooling pipe is an S-shaped pipe made of a seamless steel pipe.
Wherein, according to the drawings
The seamless steel pipe is manufactured into an S-shaped water-cooling pipe, the water-cooling pipe is confirmed to have no leakage by applying 1.6-2.4 MPa of water pressure, and the surface of the water-cooling pipe is subjected to shot blasting until the surface of the water-cooling pipe is exposed to luster.
The two ends of the water cooling pipe are connected with the water inlet end and the water outlet end of an external cooling water device, and the external cooling water device can continuously feed cooling water into the water cooling pipe.
Wherein the external cooling water device can be selected as a multistage centrifugal pump.
Wherein the pressure of the cooling water is 0.8-1.3 MPa.
The heat of the molten steel for casting steel takes away overheat heat through water flow flowing in the water cooling pipe, and the temperature of the water cooling pipe and the temperature of the casting body are reduced.
Further, the water-cooled furnace mouth model is made of polystyrene foam.
Further, the upper sand mold and the lower sand mold are both made of resin sand.
Wherein, the sand mould comprises an upper sand mould and a lower sand mould.
The sand mold formed by hardening the resin sand is difficult to bear the baking and erosion of high-temperature molten steel for a long time, so that a high-temperature resistant coating needs to be coated on the inner wall of the cavity of the water-cooling furnace mouth to ensure that a water-cooling furnace mouth casting with a smooth surface is obtained without the generation of hot burnt-on sand defects.
Wherein, the water-cooled furnace mouth made of the cast steel is insulated to prevent the water-cooled furnace mouth obtained by casting from deforming and cracking.
From the above, the casting method of the water-cooled furnace mouth made of the cast steel provided by the application can be used for casting the water-cooled furnace mouth made of the cast steel by using the molten steel of the cast steel, can be suitable for the environment with the temperature changing alternately for a long time, prolongs the service life of the water-cooled furnace mouth, can avoid a fusion tube with a built-in water-cooled tube in the casting process, and improves the casting success rate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present application or related technologies, the drawings required for the embodiments or related technologies in the following description are briefly introduced, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a cast steel water-cooled furnace mouth according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a water-cooled furnace mouth according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a complete water-cooled furnace mouth assembled by two cast steel water-cooled furnace mouths according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure, 101, a sand mold is arranged; 102. a riser; 103. a cross gate; 104. an inner pouring channel; 105. a sprue; 106. a pouring cup; 107. putting a sand mold; 108. a water-cooled tube; 109. water-cooling the furnace mouth cavity; 110. and (5) sand molding.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with specific embodiments.
It should be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should have a general meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present application belongs, unless otherwise defined. The use of "first," "second," and similar terms in the embodiments of the present application do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather the terms are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used only to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel includes the following steps.
(1) And placing the water-cooling furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form the sand mold 110. The sand mold 110 includes an upper sand mold and a lower sand mold which can be opened, and the water-cooled furnace mouth mold is made of polystyrene foam.
(2) And opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooling furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109 corresponding to the water-cooling furnace mouth model in the sand mould 110, and coating high-temperature-resistant zirconium chloride coating on the inner wall of the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109.
(3) And fixing a water-cooling pipe 108 in a water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109, wherein two ends of the water-cooling pipe 108 penetrate through the sand mould 110 and then extend out of the sand box and are connected with an external cooling water device. The water-cooling pipe 108 is an S-shaped pipe made of a seamless steel pipe.
(4) And closing the sand box.
(5) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tube 108, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 30 ℃.
(6) Pouring molten steel for casting steel into the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity 109 until the pouring is finished, and stopping pouring the molten steel for casting steel; the pouring temperature of the molten steel for casting the steel is 1540 ℃, the tensile strength of the cast steel is more than or equal to 400 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 25%, and the cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.35-0.50%, Mn: 0.6-0.8%, Cr: 0.4-0.7%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%.
(7) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tube 108, wherein the water-cooled tube 108 is continuously introduced with the cooling water for 15 min.
(8) Stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box and the sand mold 110 to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
Example 2
A casting method of a water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel comprises the following steps.
(1) And placing the water-cooling furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form the sand mold 110. The sand mold 110 includes an upper sand mold and a lower sand mold which can be opened, and the water-cooled furnace mouth mold is made of polystyrene foam.
(2) And opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooling furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109 corresponding to the water-cooling furnace mouth model in the sand mould 110, and coating high-temperature-resistant zirconium chloride coating on the inner wall of the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109.
(3) And fixing a water-cooling pipe 108 in a water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109, wherein two ends of the water-cooling pipe 108 penetrate through the sand mould 110 and then extend out of the sand box and are connected with an external cooling water device. The water-cooling pipe 108 is an S-shaped pipe made of a seamless steel pipe.
(4) And closing the sand box.
(5) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tube 108, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 60 ℃.
(6) Pouring molten steel into the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity 109 until the pouring is finished, and stopping pouring the molten steel; the pouring temperature of the molten steel for casting the steel is 1570 ℃, the tensile strength of the cast steel is more than or equal to 400 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 25%, and the cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.35-0.50%, Mn: 0.6-0.8%, Cr: 0.4-0.7%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%. In this example, cast steel of type ZG20 was selected.
(7) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tube 108, wherein the water-cooled tube 108 is continuously introduced with the cooling water for 30 min.
(8) Stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box and the sand mold 110 to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
Example 3
A casting method of a water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel comprises the following steps.
(1) And placing the water-cooling furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form the sand mold 110. Wherein, the sand mold 110 comprises an upper sand mold and a lower sand mold which can be opened, and the water-cooled furnace mouth model is made of polystyrene foam.
(2) And opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooling furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109 corresponding to the water-cooling furnace mouth model in the sand mould 110, and coating high-temperature-resistant zirconium chloride coating on the inner wall of the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity 109.
(3) And fixing a water-cooled tube 108 in a water-cooled furnace mouth cavity 109, wherein two ends of the water-cooled tube 108 penetrate through the sand mold 110 and then extend out of the sand box, and are connected with an external cooling water device. The water-cooled tube 108 is an S-shaped tube made of a seamless steel tube.
(4) And closing the sand box.
(5) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tube 108, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 40 ℃.
(6) Pouring molten steel for casting steel into the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity 109 until the pouring is finished, and stopping pouring the molten steel for casting steel; the pouring temperature of the molten steel for casting the steel is 1560 ℃, the tensile strength of the cast steel is more than or equal to 400 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 25 percent, and the cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.35-0.50%, Mn: 0.6-0.8%, Cr: 0.4-0.7%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%.
(7) And continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooled tubes 108, wherein the water-flowing time of continuously introducing the cooling water into the water-cooled tubes 108 is 20 min.
(8) Stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box and the sand mold 110 to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
Example 4
A casting method of a water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel comprises the following steps.
(1) Selecting proper cast steel, wherein the cast steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.17 to 0.22 percent of C, 0.35 to 0.5 percent of Si, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.035 percent of P and less than or equal to 0.035 percent of S, and ensures that the tensile strength of the material is more than or equal to 400 MPa and the elongation is more than or equal to 20 percent. In this example, cast steel of type ZG20 was selected.
(2) And (3) manufacturing a water-cooling furnace mouth model made of foam materials by using a 2% reduced scale, and recycling 1 model for 2 times by considering a pattern drawing mode to just manufacture 1 set of water-cooling furnace mouth sand mold.
(3) An upper sand mold 101 and a lower sand mold 107 for forming a water-cooled furnace mouth were separately prepared by molding with resin sand. Wherein the pouring system is a bottom pouring system and is formed by combining a foam pouring gate and a ceramic tube. The cross section of the ingate 104 is 60 multiplied by 40mm 2 The cross gate 103 has a cross-sectional area of 80X 80mm 2 The sprue 105 is a ceramic tube 120mm in diameter. 7 risers 102 as per FIG. 1The position arrangement is adopted, and the surface of the cavity is coated with zirconium chloride coating to prevent the generation of sand-sticking defects.
(4) A water-cooled tube 108 made of a built-in S-shaped seamless steel tube is fixed at a proper position of an upper sand mold 101 by combining a self-made welding casting clamp with a round steel suspender with the diameter of 8 mm.
(5) And fixing the lower sand mold 107 and the upper sand mold 101, closing the mold, connecting two ends of the pre-embedded water-cooled tube 108 into a centrifugal pump closed pipeline, wherein the centrifugal pump closed pipeline can continuously introduce cooling water with the flow rate of 60 tons/hour, the pressure of 1 MPa and the temperature of 36 ℃ into the water-cooled tube 108. Opening the multistage centrifugal pump 3 minutes before pouring to allow cooling water to start circulating, and pouring after confirming no dripping or leakage and the like, wherein the pouring temperature is 1560 ℃.
(6) And after the pouring is finished, water is continuously filled for 30 minutes, and the pressure is maintained, so that the built-in water-cooled tube 108 is ensured to be melted but not penetrated, and a fusion tube cannot be caused.
(7) And (3) preserving the heat of the water-cooled furnace mouth casting obtained by casting in a box for 56 hours, and boxing, cleaning and polishing to meet the technical requirements.
(8) And (3) carrying out 860 ℃ high-temperature annealing treatment on the casting to refine grains and tissues.
The cast steel water-cooled furnace mouth is of a semi-circular thick-wall structure, and the two cast steel water-cooled furnace mouths form a complete set of water-cooled furnace mouths as shown in figure 3.
Comparative example 1
A method for casting a water-cooled nozzle made of cast steel, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: step (3) and step (5) are not carried out, and cooling water is not introduced into the water-cooling pipe 108 when the pouring in step (4) is carried out.
Comparative example 2
A method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the temperature of the cooling water was 20 ℃.
Comparative example 3
A method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the temperature of the cooling water was 70 ℃.
Comparative example 4
A method for casting a water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: and the water passing time for continuously introducing cooling water into the water-cooling pipe 108 is 5 min.
Comparative example 5
A method for casting a water-cooled nozzle made of cast steel, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: and the water flowing time for continuously flowing cooling water into the water cooling pipe 108 is 45 min.
Comparative example 6
A casting method of a water-cooled furnace mouth, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the molten steel poured in the step (6) is molten nodular cast iron (type: QT400-18), and the pouring temperature of the molten nodular cast iron is 1280 ℃.
Comparative example 7
A casting method of a water-cooled furnace mouth, which is different from embodiment 1 in that: the molten steel poured in the step (6) is nodular cast iron molten iron, the pouring temperature of the nodular cast iron molten iron is 1290 ℃, and cooling water is not introduced.
The water-cooled furnace mouths obtained by casting in the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 7 were put into practical use to verify the service lives of the water-cooled furnace mouths obtained by casting, and the relevant verification data are detailed in the following table 1.
Wherein, in the use, if the water-cooling fire door appears serious crackle, when bringing the potential safety hazard for electric stove safe operation, the water-cooling fire door can't continue to use, and the life of water-cooling fire door reaches the limit.
TABLE 1 tabulation of experimental data for examples and comparative examples
As shown in table 1 above, in examples 1 to 4, the water-cooled nozzle for cast steel (hereinafter referred to as "cast product") obtained by casting by the method of the present application was free from cracks and had a service life of 16 months or longer.
In comparative example 1, in a water-cooled furnace mouth for casting cast steel, cooling water is not introduced into the water-cooled tube 108 during the pouring process, and the extremely high temperature of the molten steel leads to tube melting of the water-cooled tube 108, and finally leads to unsuccessful casting and scrapping of the cast.
In comparative example 2, since the temperature of the introduced cooling water was too low (20 ℃), the cooling energy was too large to cool the casting too fast, resulting in cracking of the cast product. After the casting is used for 5 months, the casting has serious cracks, and when potential safety hazards are brought to the safe operation of the electric furnace, the water-cooling furnace mouth cannot be used continuously, and the service life of the water-cooling furnace mouth reaches the limit.
In comparative example 3, the cooling water cannot effectively cool the cooling water due to the fact that the temperature of the introduced cooling water is too high (70 ℃), and the casting is vaporized and loses the cooling effect due to the effect of the high-temperature molten steel for casting, so that the water outlet end of the water-cooled tube 108 is melted, and finally the furnace mouth is scrapped.
In comparative example 4, after the completion of casting, the water supply time was too short (5min), and when the cooling water was no longer supplied, the residual heat of the high-temperature molten steel for casting caused partial melting of the inner water-cooled tube 108, resulting in the rejection of the furnace mouth.
In comparative example 5, after the completion of casting, water was continuously supplied for a long time (45min), and as the residual heat of the high-temperature molten steel for casting was dissipated, cooling water was continuously supplied to continuously lower the temperature of the cast product, which resulted in cracking of the cast product. After the casting is used for 6 months, the casting has serious cracks, and when potential safety hazards are brought to the safe operation of the electric furnace, the water-cooling furnace mouth cannot be used continuously, and the service life of the water-cooling furnace mouth reaches the limit.
In comparative example 6, under the condition that cooling water is introduced, nodular cast iron molten iron is used for pouring, a built-in water-cooling pipe 108 does not have a molten tube, and the obtained casting has no cracks, but after the casting is used for 8 months, a large number of serious cracks appear on the casting, and when potential safety hazards are brought to safe operation of an electric furnace, the water-cooling furnace mouth cannot be used continuously.
In comparative example 7, when the casting was carried out without introducing cooling water, the nodular cast iron molten iron was used for casting, the built-in water-cooled tube 108 did not generate a fusion tube, and the obtained casting was crack-free, but after 7 months of use, a large number of serious cracks had occurred in the casting, and when potential safety hazards were brought to the safe operation of the electric furnace, the water-cooled furnace mouth could not be used continuously.
In summary, the application provides a casting method of a cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth, which uses the cast steel material to replace the traditional nodular cast iron material, and utilizes the advantages of low-carbon alloy steel in the aspect of mechanical property, thereby greatly improving the service life of the cast water-cooling furnace mouth. Water is introduced into the built-in water-cooling tube 108 for cooling in the casting pouring process, and the built-in water-cooling tube 108 achieves the effect of melting but not penetrating by controlling the temperature and time of introducing cooling water, so that a compact qualified casting without shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity is obtained.
The casting method of the cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth can be used for forming the cast steel water-cooling furnace mouth by casting molten steel, can be suitable for the environment with alternating temperature for a long time, prolongs the service life of the water-cooling furnace mouth, can avoid a fusion tube with a built-in water-cooling tube 108 in the casting process, and improves the casting success rate.
It should be noted that the above describes some embodiments of the disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments described above and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the present disclosure, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The disclosed embodiments are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances which fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A casting method of a water-cooling furnace mouth made of cast steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing the water-cooled furnace mouth model in a sand box, and filling resin sand into the sand box until the resin sand is hardened to form a sand mold;
opening the sand box, taking out the water-cooled furnace mouth model, forming a water-cooled furnace mouth cavity corresponding to the water-cooled furnace mouth model in the sand box, and coating high-temperature-resistant paint on the inner wall of the water-cooled furnace mouth cavity;
fixing a water-cooling pipe in the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity, wherein two ends of the water-cooling pipe penetrate through the sand mould and then extend out of the sand box for being connected with an external cooling water device;
closing the sand box;
continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe;
pouring cast steel molten steel into the water-cooling furnace mouth cavity until the pouring is finished;
continuously introducing cooling water into the water cooling pipe;
stopping introducing cooling water, preserving heat, and opening the sand box and the sand mold to obtain the water-cooled furnace mouth made of cast steel.
2. The casting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting temperature of the molten steel for casting steel is 1540-1570 ℃.
3. The casting method as described in claim 1, wherein the cast steel has a tensile strength of 400 MPa or more and an elongation of 25% or more.
4. The casting method as recited in claim 1, wherein the cast steel includes the following chemical components in weight percent: c: 0.17-0.22%, Si: 0.35-0.50%, Mn: 0.6-0.8%, Cr: 0.4-0.7%, P is less than or equal to 0.035%, S is less than or equal to 0.035%.
5. The casting method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cooling water is 30 to 60 ℃.
6. The casting method according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooling pipe is continuously supplied with cooling water for 15 to 30 minutes.
7. The casting method according to claim 1, further comprising: and carrying out annealing treatment at 800-900 ℃ on the water-cooling furnace mouth made of the cast steel material.
8. The casting method according to claim 1, wherein the water-cooled tube is an S-shaped tube made of a seamless steel tube.
9. The casting method as described in claim 1, wherein the water-cooled fire hole pattern is made using polystyrene foam.
10. A casting method according to claim 1, wherein the sand mold comprises an upper sand mold and a lower sand mold.
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