CN114918240A - Heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar - Google Patents
Heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar Download PDFInfo
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- CN114918240A CN114918240A CN202210409246.9A CN202210409246A CN114918240A CN 114918240 A CN114918240 A CN 114918240A CN 202210409246 A CN202210409246 A CN 202210409246A CN 114918240 A CN114918240 A CN 114918240A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- ZHZFKLKREFECML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;sulfate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZHZFKLKREFECML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical compound CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFOKPVUWYKONLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);oxoarsinite Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][As]=O.[O-][As]=O JFOKPVUWYKONLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil remediation, and particularly relates to a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar, which is used for solving the problem of heavy metal pollution of soil. According to the invention, the contaminated soil range is determined by establishing the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model, and the contamination range, the contaminated heavy metal composition and the contamination severity can be accurately evaluated. Polluted soil is excavated through the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model, the polluted soil and normal soil can be accurately divided, and the pertinence of soil remediation is improved; then, heavy metals are fixed or adsorbed by the passivator, or the heavy metals form insoluble salts, so that the plant absorption of the heavy metals in the polluted soil is reduced, and the effect of soil remediation is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a farmland remediation method, in particular to a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar.
Background
The inorganic pollutants in the soil are relatively outstanding in heavy metal, and the heavy metal is easy to accumulate because the heavy metal cannot be decomposed by soil microorganisms and is converted into methyl compounds with higher toxicity, and even some methyl compounds are accumulated in a human body at harmful concentration through a food chain, so that the human health is seriously harmed.
The soil heavy metal pollutants mainly comprise mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, arsenic, nickel, iron, manganese, zinc and the like, and although arsenic does not belong to heavy metals, the behavior, source and harm of arsenic are similar to those of heavy metals, so that the arsenic is generally listed as heavy metals for discussion. As for the needs of plants, the metal elements can be classified into 2 types: the plant growth and development does not need elements, such as cadmium, mercury, lead and the like, which are obviously harmful to human health. Secondly, elements required by normal growth and development of plants have certain physiological functions to human bodies, such as copper, zinc and the like, but too much elements can cause pollution and hinder the growth and development of the plants.
Since the same metals have different forms in soil, and have different migration transformation characteristics and pollution properties, when researching the hazard of heavy metals in soil, attention must be paid not only to the total content of the metals, but also to the contents of various forms.
Heavy metal elements in soil mainly have two ways of natural sources and artificial interference input. Among natural factors, the soil matrix and the soil forming process have great influence on the heavy metal content of soil. Among various human factors, the proportion of heavy metal pollution in soil caused by industrial, agricultural and traffic sources is high.
1. Natural source of
The soil is weathered from rocks, different rocks contain various heavy metal elements, the chemical elements of the parent soil determine the initial chemical content in the soil, and the environmental background value of the heavy metal elements in the soil is influenced: meanwhile, the influence factors of the parent rock in the soil forming process also influence the heavy metal content in the soil, for example, quartzite with strong wind resistance plays a role in controlling the heavy metal content in the soil developed on the parent rock, while carbonate rocks with weak wind resistance do not play a role in controlling the heavy metal content in the soil developed on the parent rock. The dust fall of heavy metals in the atmosphere is also one of the main natural factors influencing the content of heavy metals in soil. The heavy metal dust floats in the air in the processes of volcanic eruption, forest fire, sea wave splashing, vegetation discharge, wind power dust raising and the like. The heavy metal elements in the air are partially absorbed by plants, and partially fall into water and soil through dust. Soil pollution in nature also affects the heavy metal content of soil. In the deep part of the rock ring, an industrial deposit enriched with heavy metals may be formed due to complicated geochemical processes such as magma action, quality change action and the like, the soil developed in a mineralized stratum near the deposit, the soil developed on a dispersion halo formed in the flowing process of underground water which flows out from the deposit and is enriched with heavy metals, and the heavy metal content of the soil developed by taking the carried mineralized substances as parent rocks is often abnormally high.
2. Heavy metal pollution of soil caused by human factors
With the development of industrial and agricultural modernization and urbanization of human society, soil heavy metal pollution caused by human factors is an increasingly non-negligible environmental problem in the world today. Heavy metals are mostly nonferrous metals, are widely applied in various aspects of production and life of human beings, and are accompanied with serious environmental pollution of the heavy metals. The development and smelting of nonferrous heavy metal deposits are the most major pollution sources for discharging heavy metals into the environment. Industrial and mining enterprises discharging heavy metals to the environment through three wastes, such as: mining, beneficiation, metallurgy, electroplating, electrician, dye, textile, oil refining, and the like.
Since most of these pollution sources are point pollution sources, they are non-uniform pollution to the soil environment, and the heavy metal pollution of the soil in local areas may be quite serious. With the development of urbanization and the increase of various wastes discharged by urban industry and traffic, the heavy metal content in urban soil is increased remarkably, and mercury and lead are the most prominent ones. With the increase of heavy metal pollutants discharged into the atmosphere by human activities, the pollution of the soil by heavy metals through sedimentation is also becoming more serious, especially the combustion of fossil fuels, such as: the mercury released by combustion accounts for 57-71% of the artificial release amount; inputting nickel into the atmosphere by fire coal and fuel oil, wherein the nickel accounts for 60-78% of the artificial release amount; because the gasoline used by the automobile is added with the antiknock agents of tetramethyl lead and tetraethyl lead, the content of lead discharged in the automobile exhaust is 20-50 ug/L. In agriculture, the application of pesticides, fertilizers and sludge and the irrigation of sewage are also one of the main ways for intensifying the heavy metal pollution of soil. In the fertilizer, the impurities of the raw material ore and the pollution of the production process flow cause the heavy metal content to be rather high, such as: some calcium superphosphate fertilizers have high cadmium and arsenic contents, and according to the determination results of phosphate fertilizers and lime in Guangzhou city, the cadmium content is 2-3 mg/kg, the arsenic content is 60-80 ng/kg, and the mercury content is l-2 ng/kg. The pesticide contains more mercury, arsenic and lead, such as: the organic mercury-containing preparation includes Silisan, Xilisheng, etc., the organic arsenic-containing preparation includes Maotai-japonica, Sunong 6401, arsenic acid forceps containing arsenic and lead, lead arsenite, etc., and the pesticide containing other heavy metals includes Daisen lead, etc. Therefore, the soil can be polluted by heavy metals after long-term application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
The fertilizer is not easy to be leached and dissolved with water in soil and can not be decomposed by soil microorganisms; on the contrary, organisms can enrich heavy metals, the heavy metals are often gradually accumulated in the soil environment, even some heavy metal elements can be converted into methyl compounds with higher toxicity in the soil, and the methyl compounds can be accumulated in human bodies at harmful concentration through food chains, so that the human health is seriously harmed. Compared with the pollution of the water environment, the pollution of the heavy metal to the soil environment is more difficult to treat and has more pollution hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the background art, the invention provides a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar, and aims to reduce plant absorption of heavy metals in polluted soil by fixing or adsorbing the heavy metals or forming insoluble salts of the heavy metals through a passivating agent.
The invention provides the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out soil sampling, heavy metal detection and three-dimensional modeling on a polluted area to obtain a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model;
step two: excavating and collecting the polluted soil based on the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model to obtain the polluted soil;
step three: adding the polluted soil into a stirring cylinder, adding a passivator and stirring for 40 min;
step four: adding diammonium phosphate and calcium oxide into a stirring cylinder, and stirring for 20 min;
step five: adding ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide into a stirring tank, and stirring for 20min
Step six: and repeating the third step to the fifth step, and continuously detecting the heavy metal content of the soil until the heavy metal content is lower than the national standard, so as to obtain the renovated soil.
After the scheme is adopted, the biochar has porosity and rich surface functional groups, and can adsorb organic pollutants and heavy metals in the environment, so that the mobility and the bioavailability of the pollutants are effectively reduced, and the environmental risk of the pollutants is reduced. The biological carbon has high adsorption capacity to heavy metals, and the adsorption capacity of soil to heavy metals can be increased by adding the biological carbon into the soil. For organic pollutants, biochar prepared at high temperature generally has stronger polarity and stronger affinity with organic substances; the biochar can improve the activity of microorganisms in soil and improve the degradation capability of organic pollutants.
By applying diammonium phosphate, metal lead, mercury, manganese, chromium, zinc and cadmium can form insoluble phosphate, and the toxic action of heavy metals in soil is reduced.
Adding ferrous sulfate, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide can make arsenic generate insoluble substance and fix, thereby reducing arsenic activity. The ferrous sulfate and the calcium oxide generate calcium sulfate hydrate under the condition of water, and the calcium sulfate/calcium sulfate hydrate and the iron-containing reagent have synergistic effect to further reduce the activity of arsenic.
Preferably, the step one soil sampling comprises:
uniformly arranging a plurality of sampling points in the polluted area;
collecting a plurality of soil samples at different depths at each sampling point by using a soil sampling tool;
and classifying and marking each soil sample according to the coordinates of the sampling points and the collection depth.
Preferably, the coordinates of the sampling points are one of GPS coordinates or beidou coordinates.
Preferably, the step one detecting comprises:
detecting the heavy metal content of each soil sample;
the detected heavy metal content comprises mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic;
the detection method is one of atomic absorption spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, atomic fluorescence, electrochemical method-anodic stripping voltammetry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Preferably, the three-dimensional modeling of the step one includes:
and establishing a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model according to the sampling point coordinates, the sampling point depth and the heavy metal concentration of each soil sample.
Preferably, the digging of step two includes: according to the three-dimensional model of the soil heavy metal distribution, selecting sampling points lower than the national soil heavy metal standard as excavating points, and excavating polluted soil areas corresponding to cubes wrapped by the excavating points to obtain the polluted soil.
After the preferable scheme is adopted, the range of the polluted soil is determined by establishing a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model, and the pollution range, the composition of the polluted heavy metal and the pollution severity can be accurately evaluated. Polluted soil is excavated through the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model, the polluted soil and normal soil can be accurately segmented, and the pertinence of soil remediation is improved.
Preferably, the following step four further includes the step five: and (3) detecting the pH value of the renovated soil, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral by adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium oxide, plant ash or humus soil.
After the preferable scheme is adopted, the PH value of the renovated soil is regulated finally to be suitable for the growth of crops because the PH value may change in the soil renovation process; the passivator and the regulator adopted by the invention are both substances with fertilizer effect, which is beneficial to improving the fertility of the renovated soil.
Preferably, the deactivant comprises, by weight:
60 parts of 300-500-mesh biochar and 40 parts of diatomite.
After the preferred scheme is adopted, the possible mechanisms of the biochar for passivating the heavy metal are ion exchange effect, electrostatic adsorption effect, surface precipitation and complexation effect. Researches show that the adsorption of the biochar prepared from the sludge on Pb is realized by a plurality of mechanisms together, wherein the most important mechanism is Pb 2 + with Ca released from the surface of the charcoal 2 +、Mg 2 + exchange with other cations to promote the co-precipitation and inner complexing of humus and mineral oxide in the charcoal to Pb, which is the main component of the biological charcoal 2 + complexing with surface functional groups, physical adsorption and Pb 2 + play a certain role in the diffusion of the biochar particles. ForFor different heavy metals, the action mechanism of the biochar passivation may be different; different biochar has difference in physicochemical properties, and the mechanisms for passivating heavy metals are different; in addition, the property of the soil polluted by heavy metal also has certain influence on the effect of the biochar on passivating the heavy metal.
The research on the relationship and interaction between the biochar and heavy metals in soil is continuously deepened, and a series of test results on a biochar-soil system and a biochar-soil-plant system show that the biochar can effectively reduce the effectiveness of heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni and the like in the soil.
The diatomite is made of amorphous SiO 2 Composition and containing a small amount of Fe 2 O 3 、CaO、MgO、Al 2 O 3 And organic impurities. Diatomaceous earth is generally light yellow or light gray in color, soft, porous and light. The diatomite has neutral pH value, no toxicity, good suspension performance, strong adsorption performance, light volume weight, oil absorption rate of 115 percent, fineness of 325-500 meshes and good mixing uniformity, can adsorb heavy metals, does not block pipelines of agricultural machinery when in use, can play the roles of moisturizing, loosening soil quality, prolonging the pesticide effect and fertilizer effect time and promoting the growth of crops.
A method for producing biochar according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
sun drying bamboo, cutting and pulverizing to obtain bamboo granule;
heating the bamboo particles for 2h at 500-600 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment to obtain bamboo charcoal;
the bamboo charcoal is crushed and sieved to obtain the biochar with 300-500 meshes.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the biochar has good physicochemical property and nutrient regulating capacity, and after being applied to soil, due to the porous structure of the biochar, the physicochemical property and microbial activity of the soil can be effectively improved, and the loss of soil nutrients is reduced, so that the soil fertility is improved, and the growth of crops is promoted.
2. The pH may change during the soil remediation process, so that the final pH of the renovated soil is adjusted to make it suitable for the growth of crops
3. The passivator and the regulator adopted by the invention are substances with fertilizer effect, which is beneficial to improving the fertility of the renovated soil.
4. The contaminated soil range is determined by establishing a three-dimensional model of soil heavy metal distribution, and the contamination range, the contaminated heavy metal composition and the contamination severity can be accurately evaluated. Polluted soil is excavated through the three-dimensional model of soil heavy metal distribution, the polluted soil and normal soil can be accurately divided, and the pertinence of soil remediation is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, features and effects realized by the present invention easier to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out soil sampling, heavy metal detection and three-dimensional modeling on a polluted area to obtain a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model;
step two: excavating and collecting the polluted soil based on the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model to obtain the polluted soil;
step three: adding the polluted soil into a stirring cylinder, adding a passivator and stirring for 40 min;
step four: adding diammonium phosphate and calcium oxide into a stirring cylinder, and stirring for 20 min;
step five: adding ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide into a stirring tank, and stirring for 20min
Step six: and repeating the third step to the fifth step, and continuously detecting the heavy metal content of the soil until the heavy metal content is lower than the national standard, so as to obtain the renovated soil.
Preferably, the step of sampling soil comprises:
uniformly arranging a plurality of sampling points in the polluted area;
using a soil sampling tool to collect a plurality of soil samples at different depths at each sampling point;
and classifying and marking each soil sample according to the coordinates of the sampling points and the collection depth.
Preferably, the coordinate of the sampling point is one of a GPS coordinate or a beidou coordinate.
Preferably, the step one detecting comprises:
detecting the heavy metal content of each soil sample;
the detected heavy metal content comprises mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic;
the detection method is one of atomic absorption spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, atomic fluorescence, electrochemistry-anodic stripping voltammetry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Preferably, the three-dimensional modeling of the first step includes:
and establishing a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model according to the sampling point coordinates, the sampling point depth and the heavy metal concentration of each soil sample.
Preferably, the digging of step two includes: according to the three-dimensional model of the soil heavy metal distribution, selecting sampling points lower than the national soil heavy metal standard as excavating points, and excavating polluted soil areas corresponding to cubes wrapped by the excavating points to obtain the polluted soil.
Preferably, the following step four further includes the step five: and (3) detecting the pH value of the renovated soil, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral by adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium oxide, plant ash or humus soil.
Preferably, the deactivant comprises, by weight:
60 parts of 300-mesh 500-mesh biochar and 40 parts of diatomite.
A method for preparing biochar as claimed in claim 8, comprising the steps of:
sun drying bamboo, cutting and pulverizing to obtain bamboo granule;
heating the bamboo particles for 2h at 500-600 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment to obtain bamboo charcoal;
the bamboo charcoal is crushed and sieved to obtain the biochar with 300-500 meshes.
The biochar has good physicochemical property and nutrient regulating capacity, and after being applied to soil, due to the porous structure of the biochar, the physicochemical property and the microbial activity of the soil can be effectively improved, the loss of soil nutrients is reduced, the soil fertility is improved, and the growth of crops is promoted.
The PH may change during the soil remediation process, so the PH of the renovated soil is finally adjusted to make it suitable for crop growth.
The passivator and the regulator adopted by the invention are both substances with fertilizer effect, which is beneficial to improving the fertility of the renovated soil.
The soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model is established to determine the range of the polluted soil, so that the pollution range, the composition of the polluted heavy metal and the pollution severity can be accurately evaluated. Polluted soil is excavated through the three-dimensional model of soil heavy metal distribution, the polluted soil and normal soil can be accurately divided, and the pertinence of soil remediation is improved.
The following is a specific use procedure of this embodiment:
the invention relates to a heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar, which comprises the steps of carrying out soil sampling, heavy metal detection and three-dimensional modeling on a polluted area to obtain a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model; excavating and collecting the polluted soil based on the soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model to obtain the polluted soil; adding the polluted soil into a stirring cylinder, adding a passivator and stirring for 40 min; adding diammonium phosphate and calcium oxide into a stirring cylinder, and stirring for 20 min; adding ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide into a stirring tank, and stirring for 20min
And repeating the third step to the fifth step, and continuously detecting the heavy metal content of the soil until the heavy metal content is lower than the national standard, so as to obtain the renovated soil.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A heavy metal soil remediation method based on biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out soil sampling, heavy metal detection and three-dimensional modeling on a polluted area to obtain a three-dimensional model of soil heavy metal distribution;
step two: excavating and collecting the polluted soil based on the three-dimensional model of the heavy metal distribution of the soil to obtain the polluted soil;
step three: adding the polluted soil into a stirring cylinder, adding a passivator and stirring for 40 min;
step four: adding diammonium phosphate and calcium oxide into a stirring cylinder, and stirring for 20 min;
step five: adding ferrous sulfate and magnesium oxide into a stirring tank, and stirring for 20min
Step six: and repeating the third step to the fifth step, and continuously detecting the heavy metal content of the soil until the heavy metal content is lower than the national standard, so as to obtain the renovated soil.
2. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the first step of soil sampling comprises the following steps:
uniformly arranging a plurality of sampling points in the polluted area;
collecting a plurality of soil samples at different depths at each sampling point by using a soil sampling tool;
and classifying and marking each soil sample according to the coordinates of the sampling points and the collection depth.
3. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method of claim 2, wherein: the sampling point coordinate is one of a GPS coordinate or a Beidou coordinate.
4. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method of claim 2, wherein: the step one detection comprises the following steps:
detecting the heavy metal content of each soil sample;
the detected heavy metal content comprises mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and arsenic;
the detection method is one of atomic absorption spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, atomic fluorescence, electrochemistry-anodic stripping voltammetry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
5. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method according to claim 4, wherein the biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method comprises the following steps: the three-dimensional modeling of the step one comprises the following steps:
and establishing a soil heavy metal distribution three-dimensional model according to the sampling point coordinates, the sampling point depth and the heavy metal concentration of each soil sample.
6. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein: the digging in the second step comprises the following steps: according to the three-dimensional model of the soil heavy metal distribution, selecting sampling points lower than the national soil heavy metal standard as excavating points, and excavating polluted soil areas corresponding to cubes wrapped by the excavating points to obtain the polluted soil.
7. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein: the following step four also comprises the step five: and (3) detecting the pH value of the renovated soil, and adjusting the pH value to be neutral by adding monopotassium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, calcium oxide, plant ash or humus soil.
8. The biochar-based heavy metal soil remediation method of claim 1, wherein: the passivator comprises the following components in parts by weight:
60 parts of 300-mesh 500-mesh biochar and 40 parts of diatomite.
9. A preparation method of biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps: for the preparation of biochar as claimed in claim 8, the steps comprising:
sun drying bamboo, cutting and pulverizing to obtain bamboo granule;
heating the bamboo particles for 2h at 500-600 ℃ in an oxygen-free environment to obtain bamboo charcoal;
the bamboo charcoal is crushed and sieved to obtain the biochar with 300-500 meshes.
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