CN114917942A - Preparation method of one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst and application of photocatalyst in synthesis of lactic acid through photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide - Google Patents
Preparation method of one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst and application of photocatalyst in synthesis of lactic acid through photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide Download PDFInfo
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/39—
-
- B01J35/50—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/12—Oxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/23—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of photocatalytic synthesis, and discloses a preparation method of a one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst and application thereof in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing a soluble nitrogen-containing compound precursor and one-dimensional linear nano-cellulose in water, then performing freeze drying and calcination, and finally performing hydrothermal treatment on the calcined sample and hydrogen peroxide to obtain the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride material (HCN) material with the structure introduced with oxygen atoms and nitrogen vacancies. Mixing the prepared HCN photocatalyst, monosaccharide and alkaline solution, and catalytically oxidizing the monosaccharide to synthesize lactic acid under the irradiation of visible light. The method for preparing the catalyst has better universality, not only has wide precursor sources, but also has the advantages of diversity in substrate selection, high activity, good thermal stability, recyclability and the like, and compared with the traditional thermal catalysis and enzyme catalysis, the method can quickly synthesize the lactic acid under the conditions of being green and close to normal temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of photocatalytic synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst and application of the photocatalyst in synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide.
Background
With the development of human society, the shortage of energy and resources is increasingly prominent, and the climate and environmental problems caused by the use of a large amount of non-renewable energy are also more serious. The development of low-carbon green recycling economy becomes the mainstream of the current society. Biomass is used as a unique renewable carbon source, has the advantages of rich source, biodegradability and the like, and has become one of the choices for replacing fossil energy. Wood fiber is the most important source of biomass, and the conversion and utilization of wood fiber is of great significance to solve the current energy and environmental problems. The three major components of the wood fiber are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin respectively, wherein the cellulose and the hemicellulose are bio-based high molecular polymers taking monosaccharide as a structural unit, wherein the content of glucose is first, and the content of xylose is second. Monosaccharides represented by xylose can be converted into various high-value platform chemicals such as sugar acid, furfural, lactic acid and the like, and are widely applied to the fields of chemical industry, medical treatment, agriculture, food and the like. Therefore, the high-value conversion and utilization of biomass-based monosaccharides represented by xylose are important means and ways for realizing 'carbon peak reaching' and 'carbon neutralization' in China.
Lactic Acid (LA), also known as alpha-hydroxy-propionic acid, is an organic acid having both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, is a multifunctional platform chemical, and has wide applications in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and daily chemical industries. Meanwhile, lactic acid is also a main raw material for synthesizing polylactic acid (PLA), which is an environment-friendly bio-based degradable material and is widely applied to the fields of packaging, medical treatment, textile and the like at present. The capacity of the polylactic acid is also in an explosive growth stage, and according to the statistical data of the European bioplastic society, the worldwide capacity of the polylactic acid is about 27.13 ten thousand tons in 2019; in 2020, the capacity is increased to 39.48 ten thousand tons. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a large-scale, efficient and green method for synthesizing lactic acid.
At present, the synthesis method of lactic acid is mainly a chemical method and a biological method. Lactic acid is a product of metabolism of some organisms, and thus biological methods mainly include enzyme catalysis and fermentation methods, in which hydrolysis of carbohydrates is catalyzed by biological enzymes to obtain lactic acid. Although the method has wide raw material sources, the method has the problems of long reaction period, low yield, high energy consumption, difficult purification of lactic acid, incapability of recycling enzyme and the like. The lactic acid is synthesized by a chemical method, and is mainly obtained by the catalytic oxidation of saccharides by a thermal catalysis method. The chemical synthesis method has the advantages of easy separation of products, high reaction rate and the like, but the industrial application of the method is limited to a certain extent due to high reaction temperature and the need of a special high-pressure container. Therefore, the development of a green and mild method for synthesizing lactic acid is one of the targets of the industrial research. The photocatalytic oxidation technology is a green reaction technology taking sunlight as energy, has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easy catalyst recovery, low energy consumption, high reaction rate, high selectivity and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of organic pollutant degradation, virus killing, organic synthesis and the like at present. The photocatalytic oxidation technology is applied to monosaccharide selective oxidation synthesis of lactic acid, and a new way is provided for green and efficient synthesis of lactic acid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst.
The invention also aims to provide the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst prepared by the method.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst in synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a preparation method of a one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing a nitrogen-containing compound precursor and nano Cellulose (CNF) water dispersion in water, then carrying out ultrasonic treatment to fully dissolve the nitrogen-containing compound precursor, and finally drying the obtained liquid to obtain a mixture;
(2) calcining the dried mixture in the step (1), and naturally cooling to room temperature after the calcination is finished to obtain the carbon nitride photocatalyst containing amorphous carbon;
(3) and (3) mixing the carbon nitride photocatalyst containing amorphous carbon obtained in the step (2) with hydrogen peroxide, carrying out hydrothermal treatment, washing and drying the obtained product, and thus obtaining the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN) with the structure introduced with oxygen atoms and nitrogen vacancies.
The precursor of the nitrogen-containing compound in the step (1) is cyanamide, urea, thiourea or dicyanodiamide (dicyandiamide);
the concentration of the nano Cellulose (CNF) aqueous dispersion in the step (1) is 0.5-2 wt%;
the dry weight mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound precursor to the nano Cellulose (CNF) in the step (1) is 10: 1-200: 1;
the ultrasonic time in the step (1) is 1-4 h; the drying is freeze drying;
in the step (2), the calcining temperature is 550 ℃, the calcining time is 4h, and the calcining atmosphere is N 2 ， N 2 The flow rate is 10-30 ml/min;
in the step (3), the solid-to-liquid ratio of the carbon nitride containing the amorphous carbon to the hydrogen peroxide is 1: 20-1: 50 (g/ml), and the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide;
the hydrothermal treatment in the step (3) is to remove free amorphous carbon by hydrothermal treatment for 8-48 hours at the temperature of 100-180 ℃;
the washing in the step (3) refers to washing with water; the drying is preferably carried out for 12 hours at 60 ℃, and the obtained light yellow solid is the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN).
A one-dimensional nanometer rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN) prepared by the method.
The one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst is applied to the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide.
A method for synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide comprises the following steps:
mixing a one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst, monosaccharide and an alkaline solution, introducing air or oxygen at a certain temperature, and reacting under the illumination of visible light.
The alkaline solution is a water-soluble alkaline solution, such as a potassium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution and the like, and preferably a potassium hydroxide solution; the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1-6.0 mol/L, preferably 2 mol/L;
the monosaccharide is glucose, fructose, xylose or arabinose, and preferably fructose;
the ratio of the monosaccharide to the alkaline solution to the HCN photocatalyst is 0.05-0.2 g: 5-15 m L: 5 to 80mg, preferably 0.1 g: 10mL of: 40 mg;
the reaction temperature is 30-80 ℃, and preferably 50 ℃; the reaction time is 30-180 min, preferably 90 min;
the flow rate of the air or the oxygen is 0-10 ml/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the raw materials for preparing the catalyst are easy to obtain, wide in selection, universal, non-toxic and pollution-free; compared with unmodified carbon nitride (BCN), the prepared one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride material (HCN) not only has a typical one-dimensional nano rod-shaped appearance, but also has stronger light absorption capacity and a large specific surface, so that the material has higher photocatalytic activity. The method for synthesizing the lactic acid has the advantages of high reaction rate, reusable catalyst, easy product separation, low equipment requirement and the like, and has certain industrial application prospect; the lactic acid synthesized by the invention is a chemical with high value, has two functional groups of carboxyl and hydroxyl and is an important chemical raw material, and the lactic acid is a product of human metabolism and has wide application prospect in the fields of medicines, foods and the like.
(2) The one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst prepared by the invention is applied to the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of fructose, and experimental conditions are optimized respectively from the aspects of reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, KOH concentration, reaction time and the like; the optimal reaction conditions are 0.1g of fructose, 10m L2.0.0 mol/L KOH solution and 40mg of HCN photocatalyst, the reaction temperature is 50 ℃, and the reaction time is 90 min.
(3) The one-dimensional nano-rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst prepared by the invention is used for the reaction of synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of fructose, and the method has the advantages of mild condition, low equipment requirement, easy product separation, reusable catalyst and the like. The lactic acid synthesized by the HCN photocatalyst through photocatalytic oxidation can be used as a new energy source and a high-value chemical product, has wide application prospects in the aspects of medicines, cosmetics, foods and the like, particularly, polylactic acid (PLA) taking the lactic acid as a raw material is a biomass-based degradable high polymer material with wide application, and has important significance for reducing the use of petroleum-based materials such as plastics and the like, so that the use of fossil energy is reduced, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the fossil energy is also reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the preparation of HCN according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern for the preparation of HCN according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows N for the preparation of HCN and unmodified carbon nitride (BCN) according to the invention 2 The drawing is drawn by desorption;
FIG. 4 is a ultraviolet-visible Diffuse Reflectance (DRS) spectrum of the present invention for the preparation of HCN and unmodified carbon nitride (BCN);
FIG. 5 is a chart showing the effect of different KOH concentrations, catalyst amounts, light irradiation times and reaction temperatures on the synthesis of lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of HCN prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a chart of cycle performance of the catalyst prepared in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the performance of different monosaccharide catalysts in photooxidation to produce lactic acid.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are conventional products which are not indicated by manufacturers and are commercially available.
The reagents used in the examples are commercially available without specific reference.
Example 1
(1) Accurately weighing 4g of dicyandiamide and 4ml of 1 wt% nano Cellulose (CNF) aqueous dispersion, adding into a 150ml beaker, adding 96ml of deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to fully dissolve dicyandiamide, and finally drying the obtained liquid in a freeze drying manner to obtain a mixture.
(2) Taking 2g of the dried mixture obtained in the step (1), heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 2.3 ℃/min under a nitrogen atmosphere (nitrogen flow rate of 10ml/min), preserving heat for 4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature after the heating is finished to obtain black carbon nitride solid containing amorphous carbon.
(3) And (3) adding 20ml of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide into 1g of the product obtained by calcining in the step (2), carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 24h at 100 ℃, washing the obtained product with deionized water, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN).
Example 2
(1) Accurately weighing 10g of urea and 10ml of 1 wt% nano Cellulose (CNF) dispersion liquid, adding the urea and the CNF dispersion liquid into a 50ml beaker, adding 10ml of deionized water, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to fully dissolve the urea, and finally drying the obtained liquid in a freeze drying mode to obtain a mixture.
(2) And (2) taking 5g of the mixture obtained in the step (1), heating to 550 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃/min in a nitrogen atmosphere (at a nitrogen flow rate of 10ml/min), preserving heat for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain black carbon nitride solid containing amorphous carbon.
(3) And (3) taking 1g of the product obtained by calcining in the step (2), adding 20ml of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 100 ℃ for 24h, washing the obtained product with deionized water, and drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN).
Example 3
(1) Accurately weighing 10g of cyanamide and 20ml of 1 wt% nano-Cellulose (CNF) dispersion liquid, adding the mixture into a 50ml beaker, performing ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours to fully dissolve the cyanamide, and finally drying the obtained liquid in a freeze drying mode.
(2) And (2) taking 5g of the mixture obtained in the step (1), heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 2.3 ℃/min under the nitrogen atmosphere (the nitrogen flow rate is 10ml/min), preserving the heat for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain black carbon nitride solid containing amorphous carbon.
(3) And (3) adding 20ml of 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide into 1g of the product obtained by calcining in the step (2), carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 48 hours at 100 ℃, washing the obtained product with deionized water, and drying for 12 hours at 60 ℃ to obtain the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst (HCN).
Example 4
(1) The HCN photocatalyst prepared in example 1 (20 mg, 30mg, 40mg, 50mg, 60mg, respectively) was charged into a pressure-resistant bottle using 0.1g of fructose and 10m L1 mol/L KOH solution at a temperature of 40 ℃;
(2) sealing the system in the step (1), and then carrying out a xenon lamp illumination reaction for 60min by using 300W (additionally provided with a 420nm cut-off filter);
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using the filtrate obtained in the step (2) through a high performance liquid chromatography.
Example 5
(1) The KOH concentrations were set to 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L, 0.5mol/L, 1.0mol/L, 2.0mol/L, and 6mol/L, respectively, and the same procedure as in (1) of example 4 was repeated;
(2) the catalyst amount of the system was maintained at 40mg, which was the same as in step (2) of example 4;
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method on the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
Example 6
(1) Setting the reaction time of the system to 30min, 60min, 90min, 120min, 150min and 180min respectively, and the other steps are the same as the step (1) of the embodiment 4;
(2) the KOH concentration of the system was maintained at 2mol/L, which was the same as in step (2) of example 5;
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method on the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
Example 7
(1) The reaction temperature of the system was set to 30 ℃, 40 ℃, 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and 80 ℃ respectively, and the same procedure as in (1) of example 6 was carried out;
(2) the reaction time of the system was maintained at 90min, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in step (2) of example 6;
(3) and (3) determining the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method for the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
Example 8
(1) 0.1g of xylose and 10m L2 mol/L KOH solution were added to 40mg of the HCN photocatalyst prepared in example 1 at 50 ℃ in a pressure bottle;
(2) sealing the system in the step (1), and then carrying out a xenon lamp illumination reaction for 90min by using 300W (additionally provided with a 420nm cut-off filter);
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method on the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
Example 9
(1) Taking 0.1g glucose and 10m L2 mol/L KOH solution, adding 40mg of the HCN photocatalyst prepared in the example 1 into a pressure-resistant bottle at the temperature of 50 ℃;
(2) sealing the system in the step (1), and then carrying out a xenon lamp illumination reaction for 90min by using 300W (additionally provided with a 420nm cut-off filter);
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method on the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
Example 10
(1) Taking 0.1g glucose and 10m L2 mol/L KOH solution, adding 40mg of the HCN photocatalyst prepared in the example 1 into a pressure-resistant bottle at the temperature of 50 ℃;
(2) sealing the system in the step (1), and then carrying out a xenon lamp illumination reaction for 90min by using 300W (additionally provided with a 420nm cut-off filter);
(3) and (3) measuring the yield of the lactic acid by using a high performance liquid chromatography method on the filtrate obtained in the step (2).
The one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride (HCN) photocatalyst prepared by the invention is applied to the synthesis of lactic acid by photo-catalytic oxidation of fructose, and experimental conditions are optimized respectively in the aspects of reaction temperature, catalyst dosage, KOH concentration, reaction time and the like, and the experimental result is shown in figure 5; under the optimal reaction conditions (0.1g of fructose, 10m L2.0.0 mol/L KOH solution, 40mg of HCN photocatalyst, reaction temperature of 50 ℃ and reaction time of 90min), the yield of lactic acid reaches 77.5%, after five times of circulation, the yield of lactic acid still reaches 72.65%, and the experimental result is shown in FIG. 6. The yield of lactic acid was 55.49%, 41.37%, 37.62% when the substrate was changed to glucose, xylose, arabinose, respectively, and the results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 7, which shows the good substrate compatibility of the method.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dispersing a nitrogen-containing compound precursor and nano-cellulose aqueous dispersion in a hydrate, then performing ultrasonic treatment to fully dissolve the nitrogen-containing compound precursor, and finally drying the obtained liquid to obtain a mixture;
(2) calcining the dried mixture in the step (1), and naturally cooling to room temperature after the calcination is finished to obtain the carbon nitride photocatalyst containing amorphous carbon;
(3) and (3) mixing the carbon nitride photocatalyst containing amorphous carbon obtained in the step (2) with hydrogen peroxide, carrying out hydrothermal treatment, washing and drying the obtained product, and thus obtaining the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst with the structure introduced with oxygen atoms and nitrogen vacancies.
2. The method for preparing a one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the precursor of the nitrogen-containing compound in the step (1) is cyanamide, urea, thiourea or dicyanodiamine;
the concentration of the nano-cellulose aqueous dispersion in the step (1) is 0.5 wt% -2 wt%.
3. The method for preparing a one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the dry weight mass ratio of the nitrogen-containing compound precursor to the nano-cellulose in the step (1) is 10: 1-200: 1;
the drying in the step (1) is freeze drying.
4. The method for preparing a one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the calcination temperature is 550 ℃, the calcination time is 4h, and the calcination atmosphere is N 2 ，N 2 The flow rate is 10-30 ml/min.
5. The preparation method of the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst according to claim 1, wherein: the solid-to-liquid ratio of the carbon nitride containing amorphous carbon to hydrogen peroxide in the step (3) is 1: 20-1: 50, g/ml, and the hydrogen peroxide is preferably 30 wt% hydrogen peroxide;
the hydrothermal treatment in the step (3) is hydrothermal for 8-48 hours at the temperature of 100-180 ℃;
the drying in step (3) is preferably carried out at 60 ℃ for 12 h.
6. The use of the one-dimensional nanorod carbon nitride photocatalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst is used for synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide.
7. A method for synthesizing lactic acid by photocatalytic oxidation of monosaccharide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the one-dimensional nano rod-shaped carbon nitride photocatalyst, the monosaccharide and the alkaline solution, simultaneously introducing air or oxygen at a certain temperature, and reacting under the illumination of visible light.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of photocatalytically oxidizing monosaccharides to produce lactic acid comprises the steps of: the alkaline solution is one of a potassium hydroxide solution and a sodium hydroxide solution, and is preferably a potassium hydroxide solution; the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1-6.0 mol/L, and preferably 2 mol/L.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of photocatalytically oxidizing monosaccharides to produce lactic acid comprises the steps of: the monosaccharide is glucose, fructose, xylose or arabinose, and preferably fructose;
the ratio of the monosaccharide to the alkaline solution to the carbon nitride photocatalyst is 0.05-0.2 g: 5-15 m L: 5-80 mg, preferably 0.1 g: 10m L: 40 mg.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of photocatalytically oxidizing monosaccharides to produce lactic acid comprises the steps of: the reaction temperature is 30-80 ℃, and preferably 50 ℃; the reaction time is 30-180 min, preferably 90 min;
the flow rate of the air or the oxygen is 0-10 ml/min.
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