CN114917510A - Thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage and suppression method thereof - Google Patents
Thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage and suppression method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114917510A CN114917510A CN202210513444.XA CN202210513444A CN114917510A CN 114917510 A CN114917510 A CN 114917510A CN 202210513444 A CN202210513444 A CN 202210513444A CN 114917510 A CN114917510 A CN 114917510A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- information
- lithium battery
- thermal runaway
- compressed nitrogen
- information fusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012983 electrochemical energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohexan-2-one Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WVSNNWIIMPNRDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C5/00—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use
- A62C5/02—Making of fire-extinguishing materials immediately before use of foam
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage and a suppression method thereof, wherein the system comprises a detection module, an information fusion control unit, compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and a UPS power supply module; the information fusion control unit is respectively in communication connection with the detection module and the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment through a CAN bus, and the UPS power supply module provides a power supply; when the suppression system is configured in the lithium battery energy storage cabinet, the detection module sends acquired information to the information fusion control unit, the information fusion is completed through the fuzzy RBF neural network, and the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment is controlled to act according to the fusion result. According to the method, through layout adjustment and parameter setting, the potential safety hazard problems of poor continuous cooling effect and poor flame retardant capability existing in the traditional method for inhibiting the heating runaway of the lithium battery are solved to a certain extent, so that the inhibiting effect is improved, and the rapidity and accuracy of the thermal runaway early warning are optimized through multi-sensor information fusion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage fire safety, and particularly relates to a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage, and also relates to a thermal runaway suppression method for lithium batteries.
Background
The lithium battery energy storage system is taken as the most important electrochemical energy storage system at present, and the thermal runaway suppression technology of the lithium battery energy storage system is always the key content of attention in the energy storage field. The fire disaster after the thermal runaway of the lithium battery does not belong to a single type of fire disaster, and is a composite type fire disaster comprising B, C, E types. If can not discern fast in early stage and effectively restrain, along with the continuous emergence of the inside electrochemical reaction of battery, lithium cell self can constantly discharge flammable harmful gas and accompany a large amount of heats, raises the electric core temperature, can take place the spontaneous combustion after reaching the combustion condition, and combustible gas concentration is too high can direct explosion even, causes energy storage system heavy loss. In the thermal runaway suppression scheme used at the present stage, such as heptafluoropropane gas, the insulation performance is good, the instantaneous temperature reduction is fast, but the effect of continuously suppressing the temperature rise is poor; the fine water mist scheme has good cooling effect and poor electrical insulating property, and is easy to cause secondary damage when the charged battery is soaked for a long time. Therefore, the problem that the lithium battery is required to be subjected to rapid detection in the early stage of thermal runaway and the suppression process is required to be solved aiming at the characteristic of B, C, E-class fire, combustible gas is isolated, temperature rise is suppressed, and electric secondary damage is avoided. At present, common sensors such as smoke sensors and CO sensors are slow in information acquisition when being applied to detecting fire of a lithium battery, and can only react when the thermal runaway of the lithium battery reaches a certain degree; if a single sensor is adopted, the report is easily missed and the optimal inhibition time is missed, so that the follow-up thermal runaway inhibition is difficult to cause more dangerous conditions. The existing lithium battery energy storage linkage fire-fighting equipment only outputs the inhibitor when receiving the action instruction, but fails to control the output quantity of the inhibitor, seriously influences the fire extinguishing efficiency and causes a great deal of resource waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a thermal runaway suppression system and a suppression method for lithium battery energy storage, and solves the problem that the suppression of the thermal runaway of the lithium battery at present needs to be further optimized and improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage comprises a detection module, an information fusion control unit, compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and a UPS power supply module; the information fusion control unit is in communication connection with the detection module and the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment through a CAN bus respectively, and the UPS power supply module provides power for the suppression system; under the condition that the suppression system is configured in the lithium battery energy storage cabinet, the detection module is used for sending a detected signal to the information fusion control unit, and the information fusion control unit completes information fusion through the fuzzy RBF neural network and controls the action of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment;
the detection module comprises a pyrolytic particle sensor, an expansion force sensor, a temperature sensor, a photoelectric smoke sensor and a CO sensor; the information fusion control unit comprises a preprocessing module, an information fusion module and a central controller; the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment comprises a PLC controller and a foam generating device.
The invention is also characterized in that;
the foam generating device comprises a compressed nitrogen bottle, a foam liquid storage tank, a mixing chamber, a pipeline for transmitting foam with the lithium battery energy storage cabinet and an electromagnetic valve.
The detection module is used for acquiring the environmental information of the concentration of pyrolysis particles, the magnitude of expansive force, the temperature, the smoke concentration and the CO concentration in each lithium battery pack; the detection module transmits the collected environmental information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus.
The preprocessing module is used for converting the environmental information acquired by the detection module into normalized environmental information; the information fusion module adopts a fuzzy RBF neural network method to fuse the normalized environmental information, and the central controller is used for sending action instructions to the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and the pipeline and the electromagnetic valve of the lithium battery energy storage cabinet according to the normalized environmental information.
The expansion force sensor is a stress strain type sensor; the pyrolytic particle sensor is formed by compounding an electrochemical sensor, a laser dust particulate matter sensor and a temperature sensor.
The other technical scheme of the invention is that;
a thermal runaway suppression method for lithium battery energy storage is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: the detection module in each lithium battery pack continuously collects internal environment information and transmits the collected environment information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus;
step 2: the preprocessing module converts the environment information into uniform information quantity and transmits the uniform information quantity to a fuzzy RBF neural network input layer of the information fusion module;
and step 3: analyzing and fusing all information quantities by using a fuzzy RBF neural network self-adaptive online learning function, outputting an information fusion result through weighted combination, judging whether a thermal runaway condition exists in the lithium battery energy storage cabinet, if all the information quantities are in a normal range, continuously monitoring environmental information, and enabling compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment not to act; if the information fusion result indicates that thermal runaway exists, starting compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment for inhibiting by the following steps;
and 4, step 4: firstly, determining accurate position information of a thermal runaway lithium battery pack by a data processing layer in an information fusion module according to the source of characteristic information, simultaneously opening a main outlet pipeline electromagnetic valve of compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and a branch pipeline electromagnetic valve of a corresponding thermal runaway battery pack, and immediately filling compressed nitrogen foam into a corresponding position by the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment according to preset time;
and 5: after the preset pouring time is over, automatically closing the electromagnetic valve of the main outlet pipeline of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment, waiting for the action of a pressure release valve of a lithium battery pack in a thermal runaway state, if the pressure release valve finishes the action of opening and closing once, opening the main outlet pipeline of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment again, performing secondary injection, closing each electromagnetic valve after the secondary injection is over, stopping the operation of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment, and finishing the action of inhibiting the thermal runaway; and if the pressure release valve does not act, the secondary injection is not carried out, and the primary thermal runaway suppression action is directly finished.
The thermal runaway suppression system for the energy storage of the lithium battery has the advantages that compared with conventional fire extinguishing media such as water mist, heptafluoropropane and perfluorohexanone, compressed nitrogen foam is fine in texture and good in coverage, and the effect of continuously cooling the precipitated liquid is obvious. Particularly, compared with compressed air foam, on one hand, the compressed nitrogen foam has no conductivity, so that the battery core of the lithium battery can be well protected, and secondary disasters can be prevented; on the other hand, nitrogen generated after the nitrogen foam is compressed to separate out liquid is inert gas, is not easy to react with combustible gas generated by thermal runaway, can play a role in inerting and diluting the combustible gas, and has an obvious inhibiting effect. Particularly, the fire fighting equipment can accurately control the injection amount of the compressed nitrogen foam, the first full injection time is set according to the injection flow amount, and meanwhile, the re-combustion phenomenon is effectively prevented by adopting a secondary injection mode.
The thermal runaway early warning system has the advantages that the thermal decomposition particle sensor and the expansion force sensor are combined with the three common sensors, and the timeliness and the accuracy of the thermal runaway early warning are ensured through information fusion processing, so that the early warning, the accurate warning and the timely response are realized, and the safety of the whole lithium battery energy storage thermal runaway suppression system is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system framework for a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a work flow of a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a lithium battery pack just after injection of compressed nitrogen foam in an embodiment of a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage according to the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view illustrating a layering phenomenon occurring in a lithium battery pack in a state that compressed nitrogen foam is injected into the lithium battery pack according to an embodiment of the thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of multi-sensor information analysis and fusion in the thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage according to the invention.
In the figure, 1 is a lithium battery pack, 2 is a lithium battery module, 3 is a pressure release valve, 4 is a compressed nitrogen foam input port, 5 is a compressed nitrogen foam, 6 is a liquid layer after liquid separation, 7 is a gas layer after liquid separation, and 8 is a gas-liquid layered part.
Detailed Description
The thermal runaway suppression system and the suppression method for lithium battery energy storage according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The invention provides a thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage, and the embodiment specifically describes a lithium battery PACK1 (battery PACK) in a single lithium battery energy storage cabinet by taking as an example.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for restraining the energy storage thermal runaway of the lithium battery comprises a detection module, an information fusion control unit, a compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing device (CNFS) and a UPS power supply module. The UPS power supply module provides 24-hour uninterrupted power supply for the whole thermal runaway suppression system, and the power utilization requirement of the system is guaranteed. And the information fusion control unit is respectively in communication connection with a detection module and a CNFS in the battery PACK through a CAN bus.
The detection module comprises a pyrolytic particle sensor, an expansive force sensor, a temperature sensor, a photoelectric smoke sensor and a CO sensor, which are all arranged in each monitored lithium battery PACK and are respectively used for collecting environmental information such as pyrolytic particle concentration, expansive force, temperature, smoke concentration and CO concentration in each battery PACK. The detection module is also connected with the information fusion control unit and transmits the acquired environmental information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus, and the five sensors work simultaneously to monitor the thermal runaway condition in the battery PACK in real time, so that accurate prejudgment is facilitated.
The information fusion control unit also comprises a preprocessing module, an information fusion module and a central controller, and the characteristic information is transmitted through the CAN bus in sequence. The preprocessing module is used for carrying out normalization processing on the environmental information acquired by each sensor, namely, various environmental information is converted into uniform information quantity, and information fusion is facilitated. And the information fusion module adopts a fuzzy RBF neural network method to perform fusion processing on the normalized environmental information. The central controller is a master control point of the whole system and is mainly used for sending specific action instructions to the electromagnetic valves on the CNFS and the battery PACK branch pipelines so as to make the switches of all the valves and the like perform corresponding dynamic responses.
CNFS hangs and arranges in the lithium cell energy storage cabinet back, including PLC controller and foam generating device, wherein the PLC controller is arranged in controlling the break-make of each switch valve in the fire-fighting equipment. The foam generating device comprises a compressed nitrogen cylinder and a foam liquid storage tank, the compressed nitrogen cylinder and the foam liquid storage tank are connected with the mixing chamber through corresponding pipelines, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on a main outlet pipeline of the mixing chamber, whether the electromagnetic valve acts or not is determined by a PLC (programmable logic controller) in equipment, the main outlet pipeline is also connected with a corresponding branch pipeline of each battery PACK, an electromagnetic valve is further arranged on a branch pipeline of each battery PACK, and whether the electromagnetic valve acts or not is determined by a central controller of the information fusion control unit on the branch pipeline. The working principle of the CNFS is as follows: the compressed nitrogen and the foam liquid are mixed and foamed in a mixing chamber according to a certain proportion to generate compressed nitrogen foam with uniform and dense texture, and the compressed nitrogen foam is conveyed to a corresponding thermal runaway lithium battery PACK through a pipeline.
Preferably, the expansion force sensor is a stress strain type sensor, an external measurement mode is adopted, and the expansion force of the battery cell is calculated by monitoring the relative deformation quantity of the two ends and the side surface of the lithium battery. According to the obvious expansion degree change before and after the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, the expansion force sensor is used for calibrating and distinguishing the expansion force change in the normal state and the thermal runaway state, the accuracy degree of the thermal runaway early warning is improved, and the reliability and the safety of the whole thermal runaway suppression system are enhanced.
Preferably, the pyrolytic particle sensor is a compound monitoring detector, is formed by 3 kinds of sensor complex of electrochemistry sensor, laser dust particulate matter sensor and temperature sensor, can send out the police dispatch newspaper when insulating material generates heat to 85 ℃ the unusual change of perception pyrolytic particle mass concentration, and all kinds of insulating material can be heated rapidly and decompose and release the particle at the thermal runaway in-process among the lithium cell PACK, adopts the early warning lithium cell thermal runaway condition of pyrolytic particle sensor ability, guarantees that fire control equipment is in time responded to.
A thermal runaway suppression method for lithium battery energy storage is specifically implemented according to the following steps as shown in figure 2:
step 1: the detection module in each lithium battery PACK continuously collects internal environment information and transmits the collected information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus;
step 2: a preprocessing module of the information fusion control unit converts various environmental information into uniform information quantity and transmits the uniform information quantity to a fuzzy RBF neural network input layer of the information fusion module;
and 3, step 3: the method comprises the steps that the fuzzy RBF neural network self-adaptive online learning function is utilized to complete analysis and fusion of all information quantities, information fusion results are output through weighted combination, whether thermal runaway conditions exist in a lithium battery energy storage system is judged, if all the information quantities are within a normal range, environmental information is continuously monitored, and CNFS does not act; and if the information fusion result shows that the thermal runaway exists, starting the CNFS for inhibiting.
And 4, step 4: if thermal runaway is determined to occur in the step 3, firstly, the data processing layer in the information fusion module is required to determine the accurate position information of the thermal runaway battery PACK according to the source of the characteristic information, meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve of the main outlet pipeline of the CNFS and the electromagnetic valve of the branch pipeline of the corresponding thermal runaway battery PACK are both opened, and the CNFS immediately fills compressed nitrogen foam to the corresponding position according to the preset time.
And 5: and 4, presetting the filling time to be one, fully covering the whole lithium battery PACK by compressed nitrogen foam, automatically closing the electromagnetic valve of the CNFS main outlet pipeline, waiting for the action of the pressure relief valve of the thermal runaway battery PACK, opening the CNFS main outlet pipeline again if the pressure relief valve finishes the action of opening and closing once, and performing secondary injection, wherein the filling time is still a set value, and generally, the secondary injection time is not more than three quarters of the first injection time. And after the secondary injection is finished, closing each electromagnetic valve, stopping the operation of the CNFS, and finishing the primary thermal runaway suppression action. If the pressure relief valve is not actuated, no secondary injection is needed, indicating that the first injection has achieved the desired suppression effect.
Furthermore, lithium battery PACK mainly comprises battery module 2, battery management system, thermal management system and electric and mechanical system. The principle plane schematic diagram of compressed nitrogen foam injection lithium battery PACK is shown in figure 3, compressed nitrogen foam 5 is injected into the lithium battery PACK1 through a compressed nitrogen foam input port 4, figure 3 is a plane schematic diagram when the lithium battery PACK is just filled with the compressed nitrogen foam 5, the layering phenomenon occurs in the lithium battery PACK due to the liquid separation of the compressed nitrogen foam 5 after a while, as shown in figure 4, the gas-liquid layering part 8 is taken as a boundary line, the lower layer is a liquid layer 6 after liquid separation, and the upper layer is a gas layer 7 after liquid separation. Setting a gas-liquid ratio of 7: 1 according to compressed nitrogen foam 5, performing chromatography to obtain nitrogen which accounts for seven eighths of the PACK of the whole lithium battery, and inerting and diluting combustible gases such as CO and CO generated by thermal runaway of the lithium battery 2 、H 2 、CH 4 、C 2 H 4 The spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the lithium battery PACK caused by the combustion reaction of the combustible gas are prevented; the lower floor is separated out liquid and is accounted for one eighth of whole battery PACK, plays the effect of quick continuous cooling, and the whole battery module 2 of the submergence can not be prevented to the liquid of separating out simultaneously, prevents as far as possible that lithium cell electricity core is impaired. And after the pressure release valve 3 finishes the action of opening and closing once, performing secondary injection, wherein the secondary injection is to prevent the situation that the compressed nitrogen foam 5 injected for the first time cannot completely inhibit the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and thus the effects of continuously cooling and preventing afterburning are achieved.
As shown in fig. 5, in the system and the method for inhibiting thermal runaway for energy storage of a lithium battery, five sensors in a battery PACK continuously acquire environmental information, and the acquired temperature information, CO concentration information, smoke concentration information, expansive force information and pyrolytic particle information are normalized in a preprocessing module and transmitted to an information fusion module through a CAN bus, so that information fusion of multiple sensors is completed by using a fuzzy RBF neural network. Firstly, fuzzifying input information quantity; secondly, carrying out comprehensive analysis and judgment according to a formulated fuzzy rule, if the concentration or the expansion force of the pyrolysis particles and any one of the rest information contents exceed a normal value, or any three or more than three information contents exceed the normal value, judging that thermal runaway occurs in the battery PACK, otherwise, judging that the battery PACK is normal, and continuing to monitor the environmental information; and finally, outputting an accurate value through weighted combination by using a self-adaptive learning capacity and weight coefficient optimization method of the RBF neural network to obtain an information fusion result, determining accurate position information of thermal runaway according to an information quantity source by using an information fusion control unit, immediately sending an action instruction to the CNFS, simultaneously opening electromagnetic valves on corresponding branch pipelines, and ending the multi-sensor information analysis and fusion process.
The thermal runaway suppression system and the suppression method for lithium battery energy storage are suitable for fire safety design of various lithium battery energy storage systems, and can achieve the best suppression effect through different layout adjustment and parameter setting. The method solves the problems of poor continuous cooling effect, weak flame retardant capability, easy occurrence of re-combustion and the like of the traditional method for inhibiting the thermal runaway of the lithium battery, and ensures the rapidity and the accuracy of the thermal runaway early warning and response through the information fusion of a plurality of sensors.
Claims (6)
1. A thermal runaway suppression system for lithium battery energy storage is characterized by comprising a detection module, an information fusion control unit, compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and a UPS power supply module; the information fusion control unit is respectively in communication connection with the detection module and the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment through a CAN bus, and the UPS power supply module provides a power supply for the suppression system; under the condition that the suppression system is configured in the lithium battery energy storage cabinet, the detection module is used for sending the acquired signals to the information fusion control unit, and the information fusion control unit completes information fusion through the fuzzy RBF neural network and controls the action of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment;
the detection module comprises a pyrolytic particle sensor, an expansion force sensor, a temperature sensor, a photoelectric smoke sensor and a CO sensor; the information fusion control unit comprises a preprocessing module, an information fusion module and a central controller; the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment comprises a PLC controller and a foam generating device.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the foam generating device comprises a compressed nitrogen gas cylinder, a foam liquid storage tank, a mixing chamber, and a pipeline and a solenoid valve for communicating foam with the lithium battery energy storage cabinet.
3. The system for restraining the thermal runaway for the energy storage of the lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the detection module is used for collecting environmental information of pyrolysis particle concentration, expansion force, temperature, smoke concentration and CO concentration in each lithium battery pack (1); and the detection module transmits the acquired environmental information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the preprocessing module is configured to convert the environmental information collected by the detection module into normalized environmental information; the information fusion module fuses the normalized environmental information by adopting a fuzzy RBF neural network method, and the central controller is used for sending action instructions to compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and pipelines and electromagnetic valves of the lithium battery energy storage cabinet according to the normalized environmental information.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the expansion force sensor is a stress strain gauge sensor; the pyrolytic particle sensor is formed by compounding an electrochemical sensor, a laser dust particulate matter sensor and a temperature sensor.
6. A thermal runaway suppression method for energy storage of a lithium battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: the detection module in each lithium battery pack (1) continuously collects internal environment information and transmits all the collected environment information to the information fusion control unit through the CAN bus;
and 2, step: the preprocessing module converts the environment information into uniform information quantity and transmits the uniform information quantity to a fuzzy RBF neural network input layer of the information fusion module;
and step 3: analyzing and fusing all information quantities by using a fuzzy RBF neural network self-adaptive online learning function, outputting an information fusion result through weighted combination, judging whether a thermal runaway condition exists in the lithium battery energy storage cabinet, if all the information quantities are in a normal range, continuously monitoring environmental information, and enabling compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment not to act; if the information fusion result shows that thermal runaway exists, starting compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment for inhibiting by the following steps;
and 4, step 4: firstly, determining accurate position information of a thermal runaway lithium battery pack (1) by a data processing layer in an information fusion module according to the source of characteristic information, simultaneously opening a main outlet pipeline electromagnetic valve of compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment and a branch pipeline electromagnetic valve of a corresponding thermal runaway battery pack, and immediately filling compressed nitrogen foam into a corresponding position by the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment according to preset time;
and 5: after the preset pouring time is over, automatically closing the electromagnetic valves of the main outlet pipeline of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment, waiting for the action of the pressure release valves (3) of the lithium battery pack (1) in the thermal runaway state, opening the main outlet pipeline of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment again if the pressure release valves (3) finish the action of opening and closing once, performing secondary injection, closing the electromagnetic valves after the secondary injection is over, stopping the operation of the compressed nitrogen foam fire extinguishing equipment, and finishing the action of inhibiting the thermal runaway; if the pressure release valve (3) does not act, the secondary injection is not carried out, and the primary thermal runaway suppression action is directly finished.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210513444.XA CN114917510B (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Thermal runaway suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210513444.XA CN114917510B (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Thermal runaway suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114917510A true CN114917510A (en) | 2022-08-19 |
| CN114917510B CN114917510B (en) | 2023-01-17 |
Family
ID=82808874
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210513444.XA Active CN114917510B (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Thermal runaway suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114917510B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115550409A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-30 | 深圳海润新能源科技有限公司 | Method for remotely solving thermal runaway and related product |
| CN115692889A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Safety control method, device, equipment and medium for energy storage battery |
| CN116350973A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-30 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Battery compartment fire control system, battery compartment and battery compartment fire control management method |
| CN116455085A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 尚宁心材(天津)科技有限公司 | Intelligent monitoring system of battery energy storage power station |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207679900U (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-03 | 北京长城华冠汽车技术开发有限公司 | A kind of power battery extinguishing device |
| CN109432634A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system |
| CN113096343A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | Multi-sensor cooperative automobile battery fire prevention system |
| US20210283441A1 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-09-16 | Huazhong University Of Science And Technology | Fire extinguishing system for lithium battery energy storage unit based on stagewise warning and multiple spraying |
-
2022
- 2022-05-12 CN CN202210513444.XA patent/CN114917510B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207679900U (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-08-03 | 北京长城华冠汽车技术开发有限公司 | A kind of power battery extinguishing device |
| CN109432634A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-03-08 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of fire-fighting method of container-type lithium ion battery energy storage system |
| US20210283441A1 (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2021-09-16 | Huazhong University Of Science And Technology | Fire extinguishing system for lithium battery energy storage unit based on stagewise warning and multiple spraying |
| CN113096343A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-09 | 合肥工业大学 | Multi-sensor cooperative automobile battery fire prevention system |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115692889A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Safety control method, device, equipment and medium for energy storage battery |
| CN115550409A (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12-30 | 深圳海润新能源科技有限公司 | Method for remotely solving thermal runaway and related product |
| WO2024114272A1 (en) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-06-06 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | Method for remotely solving thermal runaway, and related product |
| CN116350973A (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-06-30 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Battery compartment fire control system, battery compartment and battery compartment fire control management method |
| CN116350973B (en) * | 2023-06-02 | 2023-08-29 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Battery compartment fire control system, battery compartment and battery compartment fire control management method |
| CN116455085A (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-07-18 | 尚宁心材(天津)科技有限公司 | Intelligent monitoring system of battery energy storage power station |
| CN116455085B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-26 | 尚宁心材(天津)科技有限公司 | Intelligent monitoring system of battery energy storage power station |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114917510B (en) | 2023-01-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN114917510B (en) | Thermal runaway suppression system and method for lithium battery energy storage | |
| CN111060821B (en) | Battery management system and method with early warning function of lithium battery fault | |
| CN207938972U (en) | A kind of intelligent monitor system applied to box-type substation | |
| CN109568833A (en) | A kind of anti-re-ignition automatic fire extinguisher of power battery pack and method | |
| CN103632738B (en) | The fire compartment division methods of nuclear power plant | |
| CN110828920B (en) | Ship lithium iron phosphate battery system and thermal runaway prevention and control method thereof | |
| CN106430070A (en) | Oil station oil and gas monitoring and collecting-processing system and method | |
| CN106340962A (en) | Monitoring and alarming system for DC power supply in transformer substation | |
| CN114913660B (en) | Fire monitoring, early warning and positioning device for prefabricated cabin type electrochemical energy storage system | |
| CN102961842A (en) | Fire alarm joint control system applied to chemical enterprise | |
| CN115671610A (en) | Electrochemistry energy storage station battery compartment fire extinguishing system | |
| CN108896116A (en) | Coal powder leakage and explosion online monitoring method for large coal gasification device | |
| CN108258340A (en) | A kind of battery system with gas monitoring apparatus | |
| CN114705299A (en) | Early warning method for monitoring abnormal temperature state of ship carrying dangerous goods | |
| CN209630480U (en) | A kind of anti-re-ignition automatic fire extinguisher of power battery pack | |
| CN109821179B (en) | Linkage fire extinguishing system of energy storage container | |
| CN205796339U (en) | Chemical industry fire control system | |
| CN116889697A (en) | PACK-level energy storage fire-fighting system | |
| CN104599446B (en) | A kind of hazardous gas intelligent monitoring and emergency warning system | |
| CN214860744U (en) | Perfluoro hexanone fire suppression system for lithium battery charging cabinet | |
| Barelli et al. | A novel concept for grid Li-ion BESS safety: Integration of Vanadium-air flow battery technology in fire protection system | |
| CN214335908U (en) | Fire monitoring system for ship power battery | |
| CN210984881U (en) | Lithium iron phosphate battery system for ship | |
| CN221266975U (en) | Multistage simple fire protection system for electrochemical energy storage system | |
| CN221266972U (en) | Multifunctional fire protection system for electrochemical energy storage system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20231107 Address after: Room 101, 1st Floor, South Cross, Tianhong Park, No. 25 Biyuan 1st Road, High tech Zone, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710077 Patentee after: Xi'an Singularity Energy Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710048 Shaanxi province Xi'an Beilin District Jinhua Road No. 5 Patentee before: XI'AN University OF TECHNOLOGY |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |