CN114917183B - 由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂及其制备方法。该核酸适配子纳米制剂为由外泌体和核酸适配子组成的双层膜结构的中空半球形微粒,为外泌体负载核酸适配子;所述核酸适配子纳米制剂的粒径为30~150nm;所述核酸适配子为Seq58。本发明还提供所述核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备方法。本发明针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子纳米制剂能竞争性地抑制TGF‑β与其受体TβRⅡ结合,并具有良好的生物安全性、免疫原性及长循环半衰期,可应用于抑制青光眼外滤过术后成纤维细胞增殖及转分化,以及其他纤维化相关疾病的体外研究中。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程药物和药剂学领域,特别是涉及一种针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体(transforming growth factor-βreceptorⅡ,TβRⅡ)的核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58(Exosome-mediated delivery of Seq58)及其制备方法。
背景技术
青光眼是一组以病理性高眼压导致进行性视神经损害为特征的不可逆性致盲眼病。然而,青光眼起病隐匿,症状不明显,患者就诊时往往已发展为中晚期,表现为严重的视野缺损及视神经损害。药物治疗和激光治疗对于中晚期的青光眼不足以达到理想的降眼压效果,此时通常选择手术治疗。青光眼的手术治疗方式分为内引流手术和外滤过性手术。其中,外滤过性手术(glaucoma filtration surgery,GFS)依然占据非常重要的地位。青光眼外滤过性手术是通过结膜和巩膜瓣下引流房水、增加房水流出达到降低眼压的目的。然而术后结膜下滤过泡过度纤维化与瘢痕形成是导致手术失败的主要原因。目前临床上应用较广泛的是抗代谢药丝裂霉素C(mitomycin,MMC)、5-氟尿嘧啶(5-fluorouracil,5-Fu)等,但抗代谢药物带来的副作用,如滤过泡渗漏、浅前房和角膜上皮毒性等,限制了此类药物的应用。因此,寻找安全有效的抗纤维化药物,延缓青光眼外滤过性手术后滤过泡瘢痕形成,提高手术成功率,具有重要意义。
研究发现,转化生长因子TGF-β(transforming growth factor-beta,TGF-β)是参与调节细胞增殖和分化、ECM产生、血管生成和免疫调节的最重要的配体,在伤口愈合中起着关键作用。TGF-β有多种异构体,TGF-β2是其主要的眼部异构体,与结膜瘢痕形成和纤维化过程密切相关。TGF-β需要与其受体TβR(transforming growth factor-βreceptor,TβR)结合方能发挥其生物学效应。TGF-βⅠ型受体(TβRⅠ)和TGF-βⅡ型受体(TβRⅡ)存在于所有细胞膜上,在TGF-β信号传递中起主导作用。TβRⅡ具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶活性,结合TGF-β后再与TβRⅠ形成TGF-β-TβRⅡ-TβRⅠ复合物,随后TβRⅡ激活TβRⅠ激酶,发挥信号传递作用。所以TβRⅡ是TGF-β信号传递的始动受体。因此,封阻TGF-β2与其Ⅱ型受体(TβRⅡ)相结合是抑制术后结膜下纤维化形成的关键靶点。对抗TGF-β的现有策略主要包括:(1)干预配体TGF-β的表达水平及活性;(2)利用受体拮抗剂阻断TGF-β与其Ⅱ型受体TβRⅡ的结合,阻止TGF-β信号传入细胞;(3)干预TGF-β受体后信号传递途径。
目前已有很多关于配体TGF-β的特异性抗体、反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)以及小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)的相关研究,大部分结果都显示可用于减少青光眼滤过术后的结膜瘢痕形成,但在实际应用中各有利弊。单抗对TGF-β的阻封效果较弱,在体内容易被降解且多次用药有免疫原性;ASODN和siRNA可以减少TGF-β蛋白的生成,但是动物实验中其组织特异性和穿膜效率差,其应用还有待研究。
利用受体拮抗剂阻断TGF-β与其Ⅱ型受体TβRⅡ的结合,阻止TGF-β信号传入细胞,不失为一种可以尝试的方法。本发明的申请人通过计算机联网检索,检索到1篇关于靶向TGF-β2核酸适配子的文献,并未检索到与TβRⅡ相关的抗体及适配子的文献。那篇关于靶向TGF-β2核酸适配子的文献筛选TGF-β2核酸适配子的目的尽管同样是用作抗眼术后瘢痕,但该适配子靶向的是TGF-β2的配体,未结合药物载体,作用时间短。在过去的研究中,核酸适配子的应用受到广泛关注。核酸适配子(aptamer,又称适配体)是通过配体指数级富集系统进化技术(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX),从大容量的随机寡核苷酸库中筛选出对靶分子具有高度结合能力的寡核苷酸,能够与目标蛋白结合的单链DNA或RNA寡核苷酸,具有低毒性、高选择性和高亲和力的特点。
因此,本发明的申请人应用SELEX技术,从大容量的随机寡核苷酸库中获得了高亲和力、高特异性的靶向TβRⅡ的核酸适配子—Seq58,并通过作用于人Tenon’s囊成纤维细胞(HTFs),证明了Seq58可阻碍TGF-β与TβRⅡ结合。但是核酸适配子普遍存在易被核酸酶降解、作用时效短等缺点。化学性修饰,例如硫代修饰能够增强核酸的稳定性,但同时增强了其细胞毒性及非特异效应。因此,选择一种有效且安全的方法来保持核酸适配子的生物活性,显得很有必要。
纳米载体给药系统可以显著提高药物在眼内的生物利用度和疗效。在RNA药物传递方面,过去的研究中已经使用了病毒载体、壳聚糖、脂质体和外泌体等。在所有基于纳米载体的药物传递系统中,脂质体作为最常见和广泛研究的载体,在许多生物医学领域显示出治疗的潜力。尽管脂质体具有生物相容性、生物降解性、低毒性等优点,但依然存在许多不足,比如脂质体在体内的清除速度快、靶向效率低与潜在免疫原性等限制了其在治疗中的应用。公开号为CN103230369B的专利公开了一种针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子纳米制剂,采用壳聚糖包裹核酸适配子,然而壳聚糖给药系统具备不可忽视的免疫原性,是一种巨噬细胞激活剂,可加速巨噬细胞产生IL-1等细胞因子,促进炎症反应。
近几年来,针对外泌体的研究引起广泛重视。外泌体作为天然的药物传递载体,在靶向结合和免疫原性方面均优于脂质体和聚合纳米微粒。外泌体是一种几乎所有细胞在正常及病理状态下均可分泌的盘状微小囊泡,具有脂质双分子层膜结构,存在于身体内各种体液中,直径为40~100nm。外泌体的主要功能是进行细胞间信息交流,一般是通过传递膜表面或腔内的生物分子来进行细胞间信号传递,从而调节细胞的正常生理功能。外泌体的生物特性来源于其复杂的膜结构,其特征是存在多种蛋白,用于主动靶向、黏附、细胞融合和胞内释放其内容物。外泌体的磷脂双分子层结构可以直接与靶细胞的质膜融合,从而更有效地将被包裹药物内化。外泌体可以来源于人类自身的细胞或体液,不同于通常的合成制剂,外泌体不会引起免疫系统的反应。因此,外泌体作为一种天然的药物传递载体,具有显著的稳定性、长循环半衰期和良好的安全性,能够以相对较小的毒性将药物运送到细胞质。目前已有许多研究证明了外泌体用于多种纤维化疾病的治疗潜力。既往研究发现通过联合靶向TGF-β1的单克隆抗体与间充质干细胞的外泌体可用于治疗肝纤维化。另外,有研究通过制备一种经干扰序列修饰的TGF-β1缄默的白血病的细胞外泌体,从而下调白血病细胞来源的外泌体(LEX)负载的TGF-β1含量,可有效抑制肿瘤生长。已有发明通过制备肝细胞来源的外泌体,发现其能够应用于各种急慢性肝病或急慢性肝病引起的肝脏损伤药物或抑制剂中。外泌体作为寡核苷酸的载体,可有效保护寡核苷酸免于被核酸酶所降解。然而,目前将外泌体作为纳米药物应用于青光眼外滤过术后抗瘢痕的研究仍然缺乏。因此,将外泌体作为核酸适配子Seq58的载体,有望成为保持并延长Seq58生物活性的一种理想手段。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种靶向转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的外泌体负载核酸适配子纳米制剂,即核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58(Exosome-mediated delivery of Seq58),并通过实验初步评价所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的生物安全性、药物负载率、与细胞结合的情况以及其生物学效能。
本发明的目的是提供所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是提供所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58用途及使用浓度。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂,所述纳米制剂为双层膜结构的中空半球形,由外泌体负载核酸适配子而成,所述核酸适配子为Seq58,浓度为50nM,所述核酸适配子与外泌体的质量比为1:5~5:1。
优选地,所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的粒径为30~150nm。
本发明还提供一种制备由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将核酸适配子Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用。
(2)外泌体的提纯
从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,通过纳米流式及western blot检测粒径及浓度,再加入无菌PBS至外泌体的浓度为0.75ug/uL;用0.22μm一次性针头式滤器过滤后,分装置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,得到提纯的外泌体。
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250μL 40ug/ml核酸适配子溶液加入到250μL转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,得混合液;将步骤(2)中2~25μg外泌体加入至上述500μL聚乙烯亚胺-核酸适配子混合物中,37℃共孵育至少2小时,再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子。所述核酸适配子与转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的质量比为4:1.8~3。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58能够抑制TGF-β2诱导的结膜增殖、迁移和纤维化,可用于制备抑制青光眼外滤过术后瘢痕形成的药物或产品。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58能够抑制与TGF-β2相关的纤维化疾病进展,可用于制备减少瘢痕形成的药物或产品。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的生物活性与使用浓度有关。当Exo-Seq58使用浓度大于20nM(即核酸适配子纳米制剂中适配子浓度大于20nM)时,能够在体外明显地抑制成纤维细胞的增殖及转分化。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58可按本领域已知方法制成体外抑制成纤维细胞的增殖及转分化的凝胶(如透明质酸钠凝胶、壳聚糖凝胶、聚丙烯酸凝胶等)、生物膜(如透明质酸钠膜、壳聚糖膜、脂质体膜等)液体制剂、霜剂等制剂。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58可用于制备应用于实验室及临床的转化生长因子βⅡ型受体检测试剂盒。
本发明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58可单独使用或以组合物形式使用,包括联合其他缓释材料使用,与药学上可以接受的辅料或其它药物组成的组合物。
本发明首先通过超速离心从HEK293T细胞中提纯外泌体,再通过PEI转染将SeqS58转染进外泌体中。纳米流式检测发现PEI转染三小时的药物转载率超过89%,且电镜下转染后的外泌体形态结构完整、较转染前没有发生明显改变。通过LDH释放试验和细胞摄入实验的方法评价所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的生物安全性与生物相容性,表明所述核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58能够被细胞摄入,且没有细胞毒性。接着通过cck8实验、transwell迁移实验和Western blot表明Exo-Seq58能够有效抑制结膜成纤维细胞的增殖、迁移和纤维化,较裸核酸适配子Seq58抑制作用更明显。进一步构建大鼠青光眼外滤过术模型,动物实验结果表明Exo-Seq58能够有效改善大鼠青光眼外滤过术后滤过泡功能、抑制结膜瘢痕化。Exo-Seq58有望应用于抑制青光眼外滤过术后成纤维细胞增殖及转分化,以及其他纤维化相关疾病的体外研究中。
本发明的实施对严重危害人类健康的青光眼及其他纤维化相关疾病的预防及治疗具有潜在的社会效益和经济效益。
外泌体作为一种天然的纳米级药物传递载体,亲和力强、能够快速被靶细胞摄取,具有显著的稳定性、长循环半衰期和良好的安全性,能够以较小的毒性和免疫原性将药物运送到细胞质。核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58通过外泌体负载核酸适配子Seq58,相比于常规应用适配子,延长了Seq58的作用时间,增强了Seq58的抑制细胞增殖、迁移和纤维化的效果,提高了药物应用于抗青光眼外滤过术后滤过泡瘢痕化及其他纤维化相关疾病的安全性和时效性,为进一步研究抗瘢痕药物提供理论依据。
附图说明
图1为核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的结构、载药率及与细胞的结合情况;
图2为核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58抑制成纤维细胞增殖、迁移的能力;
图3为核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58抑制成纤维细胞转分化的能力;
图4为核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58延长大鼠青光眼外滤过术后滤过泡的作用时间;
图5为核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58延长大鼠青光眼外滤过术后滤过泡的纤维化。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明的发明内容作进一步的详细描述。应理解,本发明的实施例只用于说明本发明而非限制本发明,在不脱离本发明技术思想的情况下,根据本领域普通技术知识和惯用手段,做出的各种替换和变更,均应包括在本发明的范围内。
实施例1核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的制备
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司合成的核酸适配子序列Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用;
(2)外泌体的提纯
培养细胞人胚肾上皮HEK293T细胞,从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,通过透射电镜观察形态,纳米流式及western blot检测粒径及浓度,再加入无菌PBS至外泌体的浓度为0.75ug/uL;用0.22μm一次性针头式滤器过滤后,分装置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,得到提纯的外泌体;
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250μL 40ug/mL核酸适配子溶液加入到250μL转铁蛋白—多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,所述转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的浓度为0.03mg/mL,得混合液;室温下移液器吹打30下后静置20分钟。将7.5μg外泌体加入至上述500μL聚乙烯亚胺-核酸适配子混合物中,37℃共孵育至少2小时后。再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子。
制备的外泌体负载核酸适配子的结构为双层膜结构的中空半球形,粒径为30~150nm,置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,即得针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的外泌体负载核酸适配子纳米制剂。
实施例2核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的制备
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司合成的核酸适配子序列Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用;
(2)外泌体的提纯
培养细胞人胚肾上皮HEK293T细胞,从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,通过透射电镜观察形态,纳米流式及western blot检测粒径及浓度,再加入无菌PBS至外泌体的浓度为1.0ug/uL;用0.22μm一次性针头式滤器过滤后,分装置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,得到提纯的外泌体;
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250μL 40ug/mL核酸适配子溶液加入到250μL转铁蛋白—多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,所述转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的浓度为0.018mg/mL,得混合液;室温下移液器吹打30下后静置20分钟。将25μg外泌体加入至上述500μL聚乙烯亚胺-核酸适配子混合物中,37℃共孵育至少2小时后。再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子。
制备的外泌体负载核酸适配子的结构为双层膜结构的中空半球形,粒径为30~150nm,置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,即得针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的外泌体负载核酸适配子纳米制剂。
实施例3核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的制备
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司合成的核酸适配子序列Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用;
(2)外泌体的提纯
培养细胞人胚肾上皮HEK293T细胞,从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,通过透射电镜观察形态,纳米流式及western blot检测粒径及浓度,再加入无菌PBS至外泌体的浓度为0.2ug/uL;用0.22μm一次性针头式滤器过滤后,分装置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,得到提纯的外泌体;
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250μL 40ug/mL核酸适配子溶液加入到250μL转铁蛋白—多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,所述转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的浓度为0.024mg/mL,得混合液;室温下移液器吹打30下后静置20分钟。将2μg外泌体加入至上述500μL聚乙烯亚胺-核酸适配子混合物中,37℃共孵育至少2小时后。再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子。
制备的外泌体负载核酸适配子的结构为双层膜结构的中空半球形,粒径为30~150nm,置于无菌小瓶中,-80℃冷藏备用,即得针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的外泌体负载核酸适配子纳米制剂。
实施例4核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的表征鉴定及细胞摄入情况
(1)取适量实施例1制得的Exo-Seq58,采用负染色法观察外泌体形态。取外泌体样品10μL,滴加于带碳膜的铜网上沉淀1min,滤纸吸走浮液。配制2%醋酸双氧铀,取10μL滴加于铜网上对外泌体进行染色,沉淀1min,滤纸吸走浮液。常温干燥5min。去离子水清洗5次,每次2min,100kv进行电镜检测成像。结果表明核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的结构为双层膜结构的中空半球形,转染后的外泌体形态结构完整,较转染前没有发生明显改变(图1B)。
(2)纳米流式检测样本的粒径分布及载药率,将外泌体取出10uL用PBS稀释到30uL,先用标准品进行仪器性能测试合格后方可进行外泌体样品上样。PKH26标记的外泌体与Alexa-488标记的Seq58-转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺混合物共孵育若干小时(1h、2h、3h、4h)后,经4℃、100 000×g超速离心70min去除多余转染试剂,用PBS重悬,上样后用纳米流式分析仪检测外泌体的浓度及粒径分布,并统计Alexa-488荧光为阳性的外泌体比例。结果表明纳米流式检测发现Exo-Seq58的粒径范围为30至150nm,平均粒径为78nm。聚乙烯亚胺转染时间为3小时的药物负载率明显增高,达到89.8%(图1A,C)。
(3)用100μM稀释剂C按1:9的比例稀释PKH26染色剂,然后将10μg外泌体加入50μL染料溶液中,移液器吹打混匀1min。37℃孵育10min后,将孵育后的外泌体-染料混合溶液重新悬浮在10mL PBS中。4℃超速离心10 0000×g,离心90min,弃上清,去除多余染料,无菌PBS洗涤三次。制作细胞爬片,待细胞贴壁后,染色后的外泌体与细胞共孵育24、48小时。最后于激光共聚焦显微镜下观察Exo-Seq58与细胞的结合情况。结果表明Exo-Seq58能被HConFs细胞摄入,48小时的摄入率更高(图1D)。
实施例5核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58的体外生物学功能
(1)用LDH实验统计乳酸脱氢酶释放率,分析各处理组对细胞的毒性作用。将HConFs接种在96孔板中,设置3个复孔,5%CO2、37℃的恒温培养箱中培养过夜后,换为含1%的低血清培养基。各处理组分别在TGF-β2(5ng/mL)诱导的基础上加入Seq58(50nM)、exosomes 3.75ug(未载药)、Exo-Seq58 3.75ug(载药50nM)处理24、48、72小时。到预定时间点前1小时,在样品最大酶活性孔中加入乳酸脱氢酶释放试剂,反复吹打均匀。1小时后将96孔板用400g离心5min,分别取120uL各孔上清液加入新的96孔板。在新的96孔板中各孔加入60uL乳酸脱氢酶监测工作液,室温避光孵育30min。用酶标仪检测在490nm的吸光值。细胞毒性或死亡率(%)=(处理样品吸光度-样品对照孔吸光度)/(细胞最大酶活性的吸光度-样品对照孔吸光度)×100%。乳酸脱氢酶释放实验发现,各处理组的乳酸脱氢酶释放率在24、48、72小时均无明显差异,说明Exo-Seq58不具有明显的细胞毒性(图2A)。
(2)用CCK-8实验分析各处理组对细胞增殖的影响。将对数生长期的人结膜囊成纤维细胞HConFs消化后按100uL 4000/孔接种于96孔板中,设置3个复孔,在边缘空白孔中加入100uL无菌PBS。细胞培养过夜后,各处理组分别在TGF-β2(5ng/mL)诱导的基础上加入Seq58(50nM)、Exosomes 3.75ug(未载药)、Exo-Seq58 3.75ug(载药50nM)处理24、48、72小时。到达预定检测时间后将测试孔中的液体全部更换为正常培养基,每孔加入10μl CCK-8于37℃培养箱孵育2小时,用酶标仪检测在450nm的吸光值,再根据OD值计算出细胞活力:细胞活力(%)=(实验组OD-空白组OD)/(对照组OD-空白组OD)×100%。CCK-8结果表明48小时和72小时中TGF-β2处理组与对照组相比能够显著促进HConFs细胞增殖,Exo-Seq58对TGF-β2诱导的HConFs细胞增殖的抑制程度比单独应用Seq58差异更明显(图2B)。
(3)用含2%FBS的低血清培养基制备HConFs细胞悬液(2×104/mL)随机分为4组:对照组、TGF-β2(5ng/mL)、TGF-β2(5ng/mL)+Seq58(50nM)、TGF-β2(5ng/mL)+Exosomes3.75ug(未载药)、TGF-β2(5ng/mL)+Exo-Seq583.75ug(载药50nM)。于上室中接种100ul细胞悬液,下室中加入20%FBS(600uL)的培养基。在标准细胞培养条件下(37℃,5%CO2),处理24小时后,弃去培养基。用PBS清洗2次,加入4%多聚甲醛固定30min,再用0.1%结晶紫染色15分钟,用棉签除去残留在膜上表面的细胞,PBS清洗三次。倒置显微镜下观察各处理组迁移的细胞数量以此评估不同处理条件对细胞迁移能力的影响。结果表明与TGF-β2诱导产生的细胞迁移数量相比,Exo-Seq58能够显著抑制TGF-β2诱导的HConFs细胞迁移数量,比应用Seq58对TGF-β2处理组的抑制作用更明显(图2C)。
(4)Exo-Seq58处理TGF-β2(5ng/mL)诱导的HConFs 48h,应用Western blot检测细胞纤维化相关蛋白α-SMA,Vimentin,Fibronectin,Collagen-1表达。结果显示Exo-Seq58处理组的细胞纤维化蛋白水平比应用Seq58处理组更低(图3)。
综上所述,Exo-Seq58可以有效抑制结膜成纤维细胞增殖、迁移和纤维化,较裸核酸适配子Seq58效果更明显。
实施例6核酸适配子纳米制剂Exo-Seq58对抗青光眼外滤过术后纤维化的作用
(1)制作大鼠青光眼外滤过性手术模型。从重庆医科大学动物中心购买雄性SD大鼠,200g-300g。按体重3.5mL/1kg的计量10%水合氯醛腹腔注射,待大鼠麻醉后,眼睛局部滴注0.5%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液,测量术前眼压并记录;手术显微镜下,用碘伏消毒眼部周围组织,在大鼠眼球的颞上方球结膜距离角膜缘3mm处,进行结膜下置管;术后按照实验方案每周一次在大鼠滤过泡附近注射药物。实验组分别为Control组、Exo-Seq58组、Seq58组。每组6只大鼠。分别于术前、术后7天和14天用裂隙灯下观察滤过泡形态并进行拍照记录及测量大鼠眼术后眼压变化,每只平行测量9次,记录计算平均值。通过统计分析术后第7天和14天大鼠结膜滤过泡面积的大小发现,术后14天Seq58组和Exo-Seq58组功能性滤过泡的面积明显大于应用生理盐水的Control组,而Exo-Seq58组功能性滤过泡的面积大于Seq58组(图4A,B)。眼压统计结果显示术后7天各组眼压值之间没有显著差异,而术后14天Seq58组和外泌体负载S58组大鼠的眼压值与Control组相比明显降低,而Seq58组大鼠的眼压值显著高于外泌体负载S58组(图4C)。因此我们可以得出结论,与单纯Seq58相比,Exo-Seq58明显延长了滤过泡生存期,对房水的有效引流时间更长。
(2)病理组织学检查
于术后14天每组各取6只大鼠,用大剂量水合氯醛处死后将眼球完整取出,置于FAS眼球固定液中常温固定24小时。将固定好的组织修剪出手术部位的组织块后制备成石蜡切片后进行HE、Masson染色,使用免疫组织化学分析检测ɑ-SMA和Collagen-1的表达。结果显示术后14天通过对大鼠手术区域的结膜组织进行HE染色和Masson染色发现,Control组与Exo-Seq58组和Seq58组相比,胶原组织的形成显著增强,而Exo-Seq58组相对于Seq58组和Control组形成的胶原纤维更稀疏(图5A)。免疫组织化学荧光染色显示,相对于Control组,Exo-Seq58组与Seq58组中ɑ-SMA和Collagen-1的表达水平明显降低。而Exo-Seq58组比Seq58组更低的表达ɑ-SMA和Collagen-1(图5B)。以上数据提示,Exo-Seq58可以有效减少大鼠GFS后的结膜纤维化,相对于未经包裹的裸Seq58的抑制作用更明显。
Claims (8)
1.由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂,其特征在于:所述纳米制剂为双层膜结构的中空半球形,由外泌体负载核酸适配子而成,所述核酸适配子为Seq58,所述核酸适配子与外泌体的质量比为1:5~5:1,所述纳米制剂通过以下方法制备:
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将核酸适配子Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40 ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用;
(2)外泌体的提纯
从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,所述细胞为人胚肾上皮HEK293T细胞;
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250µL核酸适配子溶液加入到250µL转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,得混合液;将步骤(2)中2~25µg外泌体加入至上述500µL混合液中,37℃共孵育至少2小时,再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子;所述核酸适配子与转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的质量比为4:1.8~3。
2.根据权利要求1所述由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂,其特征在于:所述纳米制剂的粒径为30~150 nm。
3.一种制备如权利要求1或2所述由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)核酸适配子溶液的制备
将核酸适配子Seq58充分溶解于1×HBS缓冲液中,得到40 ug/mL的核酸适配子溶液,-20℃冷藏备用;
(2)外泌体的提纯
从细胞上清液中提纯外泌体,所述细胞为人胚肾上皮HEK293T细胞;
(3)核酸适配子纳米制剂的制备
将步骤(1)制备的250µL核酸适配子溶液加入到250µL转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺溶液中,得混合液;将步骤(2)中2~25µg外泌体加入至上述500µL混合液中,37℃共孵育至少2小时,再次提纯外泌体,去除游离的核酸适配子;所述核酸适配子与转铁蛋白-多聚乙烯亚胺的质量比为4:1.8~3。
4.权利要求1或2所述由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂在制备抑制青光眼外滤过术后瘢痕形成的产品中的用途。
5.根据权利要求4所述用途,其特征在于:所述产品的剂型为液体制剂或者霜剂或者凝露剂或者生物膜。
6.根据权利要求5所述用途,其特征在于:所述核酸适配子浓度至少为20 nM。
7.权利要求1或2所述由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂用于制备应用于实验室及临床的转化生长因子βⅡ型受体检测试剂盒的用途。
8.权利要求1或2所述由外泌体负载的针对转化生长因子βⅡ型受体的核酸适配子的纳米制剂,其单独使用或以组合物形式使用,所述以组合物形式使用是联合其他缓释材料使用,或与药学上可以接受的辅料或其它药物组成组合物使用。
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