CN114914624A - Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack - Google Patents

Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114914624A
CN114914624A CN202210446244.7A CN202210446244A CN114914624A CN 114914624 A CN114914624 A CN 114914624A CN 202210446244 A CN202210446244 A CN 202210446244A CN 114914624 A CN114914624 A CN 114914624A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
battery
thermal runaway
flue gas
exhaust
pressure valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210446244.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李煜
雷政军
张三学
韩晓宇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shaanxi Olympus Power Energy Co Ltd
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Shaanxi Olympus Power Energy Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shaanxi Olympus Power Energy Co Ltd filed Critical Shaanxi Olympus Power Energy Co Ltd
Priority to CN202210446244.7A priority Critical patent/CN114914624A/en
Publication of CN114914624A publication Critical patent/CN114914624A/en
Priority to AU2022355963A priority patent/AU2022355963A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/121982 priority patent/WO2023051568A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/35—Gas exhaust passages comprising elongated, tortuous or labyrinth-shaped exhaust passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery pack, which comprise an exhaust funnel, a plurality of exhaust nozzles, a pressure valve, an ignition switch and an ignition device, wherein the exhaust nozzles are respectively and fixedly connected with the exhaust funnel to form an exhaust channel of thermal runaway flue gas; the pressure valve and the ignition switch are arranged in the exhaust channel, the pressure valve seals the exhaust channel at normal pressure to keep the exhaust channel closed, and at high pressure, a piston in the pressure valve is pushed by air pressure to move, the exhaust channel is opened, and meanwhile, the pressure valve presses against the ignition switch to open the ignition device; when the battery generates thermal runaway flue gas, along with the gradual increase of air pressure, a plurality of pistons in the pressure valve are sequentially pushed, the ignition switch is sequentially turned on, the ignition device is started, and the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited. The device for treating battery thermal runaway smoke has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in installation, safety, environmental protection and high efficiency.

Description

Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery pack.
Background
The application field of the lithium ion battery is very wide, and the safe use of the lithium ion battery is more and more concerned with the further development of the energy storage field of the lithium ion battery in recent years. The lithium ion battery can generate combustible gas in the thermal runaway process, the combustible gas is gathered in the battery, and if the thermal runaway smoke can not be processed in time, a fire disaster is easily caused. In order to solve the problems, no solution is provided in the field of energy storage batteries at present.
CN208400933U discloses a combined power battery thermal runaway protector, which is characterized in that: comprises an outer frame (1), a heat-insulating flame-retardant material (2), a module bottom plate (6) and a plurality of cover plates (7); the module bottom plate (6) and a plurality of cover plates are respectively arranged at two ends of the outer frame to form a flame-retardant cavity, the battery module is arranged in the flame-retardant cavity, and the plurality of cover plates are respectively covered on the plurality of battery modules in the battery box correspondingly; the heat-insulating flame-retardant material is arranged above the inner wall of the flame-retardant cavity, and the heat-insulating flame-retardant material is released in the flame-retardant cavity and acts on the plurality of battery modules. The utility model discloses can realize the fire extinguishing process of each battery module of single control, and then carry out the protection of thermal runaway from the battery module aspect, avoid the battery module thermal runaway accident.
CN208806333U discloses a lithium ion battery, comprising: a plurality of battery cells (110); the first filtering device (120) is connected with the battery cell (110) and is used for filtering inflammable gases released after the thermal runaway of the battery cell (110); a combustion chamber (200); the pumping device (240) is connected with the combustion chamber (200) and used for inputting air to the combustion chamber (200) so that the air is mixed with the inflammable gas to form mixed gas; the second one-way gas transmission device (410) is connected between the first filtering device (120) and the combustion chamber (200), and the inflammable gas sequentially passes through the first filtering device (120) and the second one-way gas transmission device (410) and then enters the combustion chamber (200); and the control device (500) is electrically connected with the second one-way gas transmission device (410) and the gas pumping device (240) respectively. The lithium ion battery can prevent the inflammable gas from being discharged to the external environment, thereby causing environmental pollution and fire. The inflammable gas released from the battery cells can be rapidly isolated from the plurality of battery cells, ensuring the safety of the lithium ion battery.
However, when the problem of thermal runaway of the battery is solved by the above patent, the provided technical scheme has the disadvantages of complex structure, low efficiency, low safety and high cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is provided, which comprises an exhaust cylinder, a plurality of exhaust nozzles, a pressure valve, an ignition switch and an ignition device,
the exhaust nozzle is respectively and fixedly connected with the exhaust cylinder to form an exhaust channel of thermal runaway smoke;
the pressure valve and the ignition switch are arranged in the exhaust channel, the pressure valve seals the exhaust channel at normal pressure to keep the exhaust channel closed, a piston in the pressure valve is pushed by air pressure to move at high pressure, the exhaust channel is opened, and meanwhile the pressure valve presses against the ignition switch to open the ignition device;
when the battery generates thermal runaway flue gas, along with the gradual increase of air pressure, a plurality of pistons in the pressure valve are sequentially pushed, the ignition switch is sequentially turned on, the ignition device is started, and the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited.
Preferably, the inflator is also provided with an anti-backfire valve.
Preferably, the pressure valve is provided with a sealing gasket.
Preferably, the exhaust funnel and the exhaust nozzle are respectively and fixedly arranged on the fixed cylinder to form a gas channel, so that the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the exhaust funnel, the fixed cylinder and the exhaust nozzle.
Preferably, the pressure valve is fixedly arranged in a joint of the fixed cylinder and the exhaust nozzle, the pressure valve is provided with a protrusion, the ignition switch is arranged in the exhaust nozzle, and when a piston of the pressure valve moves, the protrusion presses the ignition switch, and the ignition device is turned on.
Preferably, the ignition device is a pulse igniter.
Preferably, the flue gas treatment device further comprises an installation part to be installed on the battery shell.
In order to solve the above problem, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a battery casing, which includes the above battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device.
Preferably, the casing further comprises a collecting pipe, one end of the collecting pipe is connected with the explosion venting port of the battery casing, and the other end of the collecting pipe is fixedly connected with the mounting part of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device.
In order to solve the above problem, the present invention provides a high capacity battery, which includes the above battery case.
In order to solve the above problem, another technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a battery box, which includes the above battery housing.
The invention has the advantages that the battery is provided with the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, flue gas generated when the battery is in thermal runaway is released through the exhaust funnel and the exhaust nozzles, the gas channel formed by the exhaust funnel and the exhaust nozzles is internally provided with the pressure valves and the ignition switches, when the air pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas reaches a threshold value, the ignition devices are sequentially started through the exhaust nozzles and the pressure valves by pressing the ignition switches in sequence to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas, the device has a simple and small structure, and the device is used for treating the flue gas generated when the battery is in thermal runaway, is safe, environment-friendly, economical, practical and high in efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery housing according to one embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery case according to an embodiment.
Reference numerals: 41-exhaust cylinder 42-exhaust nozzle 43-ignition switch 44-ignition device 45-pressure valve 451-sealing gasket 452-protrusion 46-anti-backfire valve 47-fixed cylinder 48-mounting part 49-supporting seat 400 smoke treatment device 100 battery shell 101 explosion venting port
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention discloses a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a battery shell and a battery pack in detail by properly referring to the attached drawings. But a detailed description thereof will be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of already known matters and repetitive descriptions of actually the same configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the following description, and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. The drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present invention, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.
All embodiments and alternative embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other to form new solutions, if not specified otherwise. All technical and optional features of the invention may be combined with each other to form new solutions, if not otherwise specified.
The terms "comprising" and "including" as used herein mean open or closed unless otherwise specified. For example, "comprising" and "comprises" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or included, or that only listed components may be included or included.
It is to be understood that relational terms such as "first," "second," and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
The above summary of the present invention is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present invention. The following description more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. At various points throughout this application, guidance is provided through a list of embodiments that can be used in various combinations. In each instance, the list is merely a representative group and should not be construed as exhaustive.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a battery thermal runaway flue gas processing device 400 comprises an exhaust funnel 41, a plurality of exhaust nozzles 42, an ignition switch 43, an ignition device 44, and a pressure valve 45, wherein the exhaust nozzles 42 are respectively fixedly connected with the exhaust funnel 41 to form an exhaust passage of thermal runaway flue gas;
the pressure valve 45 and the ignition switch 43 are arranged in the exhaust channel, the pressure valve 445 seals the exhaust channel at normal pressure to keep the exhaust channel closed, the piston in the pressure valve 5 is pushed by air pressure to move at high pressure, the exhaust channel is opened, and the pressure valve 45 presses the ignition switch 43 to open the ignition device 44;
when the battery generates the thermal runaway flue gas, along with the gradual increase of the air pressure, the pistons in the pressure valves 45 are sequentially pushed, the ignition switches 43 are sequentially turned on, the ignition device 44 is started, and the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited. An anti-backfire valve is also arranged in the exhaust cylinder 41. The pressure valve 45 is provided with a gasket 451. The exhaust tube 41 and the exhaust nozzle 42 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the fixed tube 47 to form a gas channel, so that the thermal runaway smoke sequentially passes through the exhaust tube 41, the fixed tube 47 and the exhaust nozzle 42.
The pressure valve 45 is fixedly arranged in the joint of the fixed cylinder 47 and the exhaust nozzle 42, the pressure valve 45 is provided with a bulge 452, the ignition switch 43 is arranged in the exhaust nozzle 42, when the piston of the pressure valve 45 moves, the bulge 452 presses the ignition switch 43, and the ignition device 44 is opened. The ignition device 44 is a pulse igniter. The ignition device 44 is fixedly mounted on the exhaust stack 41 by a support 49.
The flue gas treatment device also includes a mounting portion 48 to mount on the battery housing.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a battery case 100 is provided, and the battery case 100 includes a battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device 400 provided in example 1. The battery case is connected to the mounting portion 48 of the flue gas treatment device 400 through the explosion vent 101. When the number of the batteries is large, the manifold is connected with the batteries in parallel, and the manifold is connected with the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device through the installation part of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. When any single battery of the battery pack is out of control due to heat, the battery pack generates out-of-control smoke, and the smoke is discharged to the out-of-control smoke treatment device through the collecting pipe to be treated.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a battery thermal runaway flue gas processing device 400 comprises an exhaust funnel 41, a plurality of exhaust nozzles 42, an ignition switch 43, an ignition device 44, and a pressure valve 45, wherein the exhaust nozzles 42 are respectively fixedly connected with the exhaust funnel 41 to form an exhaust passage of thermal runaway flue gas;
the pressure valve 45 and the ignition switch 43 are arranged in the exhaust channel, the pressure valve 445 seals the exhaust channel at normal pressure to keep the exhaust channel closed, the piston in the pressure valve 5 is pushed by air pressure to move at high pressure, the exhaust channel is opened, and the pressure valve 45 presses the ignition switch 43 to open the ignition device 44;
when the battery generates the thermal runaway flue gas, along with the gradual increase of the air pressure, the pistons in the pressure valves 45 are sequentially pushed, the ignition switches 43 are sequentially turned on, the ignition device 44 is started, and the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited. The exhaust pipe 41 is also provided with a back fire valve 46. The pressure valve 45 is provided with a gasket 451. The exhaust tube 41 and the exhaust nozzle 42 are respectively and fixedly arranged on the fixed tube 47 to form a gas channel, so that the thermal runaway smoke sequentially passes through the exhaust tube 41, the fixed tube 47 and the exhaust nozzle 42.
The pressure valve 45 is fixedly arranged in the connecting part of the fixed cylinder 47 and the exhaust nozzle 42, the pressure valve 45 is provided with a bulge 452, the ignition switch 43 is arranged in the exhaust nozzle 42, when the piston of the pressure valve 45 moves, the bulge 452 presses the ignition switch 43, and the ignition device 44 is opened. The ignition device 44 is a pulse igniter. The ignition device 44 is fixedly mounted on the exhaust stack 41 by a support 49.
The flue gas treatment device also includes a mounting portion 48 to mount on the battery housing.
Example 3
This embodiment provides a battery box comprising the flue gas treatment device described in embodiment 1.
Example 4
This implementation provides a high capacity battery comprising the flue gas treatment device described in example 1.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (11)

1. A battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is characterized by comprising an exhaust funnel, a plurality of exhaust nozzles, a pressure valve, an ignition switch and an ignition device,
the exhaust nozzle is respectively and fixedly connected with the exhaust cylinder to form an exhaust channel of thermal runaway smoke;
the pressure valve and the ignition switch are arranged in the exhaust passage, the pressure valve comprises a piston, and the pressure valve seals the exhaust passage at normal pressure to keep the exhaust passage closed; when the pressure valve is under high pressure, a piston in the pressure valve is pushed by air pressure to move, the exhaust channel is opened, and meanwhile, the pressure valve is abutted against the ignition switch to open the ignition device;
when the battery generates thermal runaway flue gas, along with the gradual increase of air pressure, a plurality of pistons in the pressure valve are sequentially pushed, the ignition switch is sequentially turned on, the ignition device is started, and the thermal runaway flue gas is ignited.
2. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein an anti-tempering valve is further disposed in the exhaust funnel.
3. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the pressure valve is provided with a gasket.
4. The battery thermal runaway flue gas processing device of claim 1, wherein the exhaust funnel and the exhaust nozzle are respectively and fixedly arranged on the fixed cylinder to form a gas channel, so that the thermal runaway flue gas sequentially passes through the exhaust funnel, the fixed cylinder and the exhaust nozzle.
5. The battery thermal runaway flue gas processing device according to claim 4, wherein the pressure valve is fixedly arranged in a joint of the fixed cylinder and the exhaust nozzle, the pressure valve is provided with a protrusion, the ignition switch is arranged in the exhaust nozzle, and when a piston of the pressure valve moves, the protrusion presses against the ignition switch, and the ignition device is turned on.
6. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein the ignition device is a pulse igniter.
7. The battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of claim 1, further comprising a mounting portion to mount on a battery housing.
8. A battery housing comprising the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of any of claims 1-7.
9. The battery shell according to claim 8, wherein the shell further comprises a collecting pipe, one end of the collecting pipe is connected with the explosion venting port of the battery shell, and the other end of the collecting pipe is fixedly connected with the mounting portion of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device.
10. A battery box characterized by comprising the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of any one of claims 1 to 7.
11. A high capacity battery comprising the battery thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of any of claims 1 to 7.
CN202210446244.7A 2021-09-29 2022-04-26 Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack Pending CN114914624A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210446244.7A CN114914624A (en) 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack
AU2022355963A AU2022355963A1 (en) 2021-09-29 2022-09-28 Thermal Runaway Flue Gas Treatment Apparatus for Battery, Treatment Method, Battery Group, and Battery Pack
PCT/CN2022/121982 WO2023051568A1 (en) 2021-09-29 2022-09-28 Treatment apparatus for thermal runaway flue gas in battery, treatment method, battery group, and battery pack

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210446244.7A CN114914624A (en) 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Battery thermal runaway flue gas processing apparatus and battery shell and battery pack

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN114914624A true CN114914624A (en) 2022-08-16

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023051568A1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 Treatment apparatus for thermal runaway flue gas in battery, treatment method, battery group, and battery pack
WO2024104278A1 (en) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-23 双澳储能科技（西安）有限公司 Battery pack and energy storage device

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023051568A1 (en) * 2021-09-29 2023-04-06 陕西奥林波斯电力能源有限责任公司 Treatment apparatus for thermal runaway flue gas in battery, treatment method, battery group, and battery pack
WO2024104278A1 (en) * 2022-11-15 2024-05-23 双澳储能科技（西安）有限公司 Battery pack and energy storage device

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