CN114914492B - Local voltage detection device of fuel cell system and detection analysis method thereof - Google Patents
Local voltage detection device of fuel cell system and detection analysis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114914492B CN114914492B CN202210567954.5A CN202210567954A CN114914492B CN 114914492 B CN114914492 B CN 114914492B CN 202210567954 A CN202210567954 A CN 202210567954A CN 114914492 B CN114914492 B CN 114914492B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 191
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The application discloses a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system and a detection analysis method thereof, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a controller and a fuel cell stack which divides a plurality of reaction areas, and the local voltage detection device comprises a plurality of voltage induction probes which are used for detecting local voltage information of the plurality of reaction areas and a voltage acquisition module which is used for converting the local voltage information and then transmitting the local voltage information to the controller; the method comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring a plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of a fuel cell stack under different currents, and judging whether the fuel cell stack reacts unevenly or not; if yes, executing the step 2; if not, executing the step 1; and 2, acquiring a plurality of groups of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when a plurality of variable parameters change one by one, screening a group of second local instantaneous voltages with relatively large overall values, and acquiring the corresponding variable parameters. The application can provide reference basis for technicians to adjust the control strategy of the electric pile.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cell application, in particular to a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system and a detection analysis method thereof.
Background
The internal environment of the fuel cell stack is very complicated when in operation, and is influenced by factors such as gas distribution uniformity, temperature and the like, voltage difference is formed in adjacent areas of the fuel cell stack, local current is generated, the performance of the stack is influenced, and even the proton exchange membrane is perforated to damage the stack when serious. However, the current fuel cell system does not provide local current detection for the fuel cell stack in a split region, and further fails to analyze the factors generating local voltage difference, and cannot take corresponding control measures to ensure uniform reaction inside the fuel cell stack.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system and a detection analysis method thereof, which are used for solving one or more technical problems in the prior art and at least providing a beneficial selection or creation condition.
The embodiment of the application provides a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell stack and a controller, wherein the local voltage detection device comprises a plurality of voltage induction probes and a voltage acquisition module, the voltage induction probes are connected with the voltage acquisition module, and the voltage acquisition module is connected with the controller;
the fuel cell stack is characterized in that a plurality of reaction areas are uniformly divided, a plurality of voltage sensing probes are correspondingly arranged in the plurality of reaction areas, any one of the voltage sensing probes is used for detecting local voltage information in the reaction area, and the voltage acquisition module is used for converting the local voltage information into local voltage signals identifiable by the controller and transmitting the local voltage signals to the controller.
Further, the fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module and a thermal energy management module;
the hydrogen supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the actually required hydrogen to the fuel cell stack;
the air supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the air actually required to the fuel cell stack;
the thermal energy management module is connected with the fuel cell stack, is controlled by the controller and is used for carrying out heat dissipation regulation and control on the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack.
In addition, an embodiment of the present application further provides a detection and analysis method of a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system, where the detection and analysis method is applied to the local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system, and the detection and analysis method includes:
step S100, acquiring a plurality of variable parameters affecting the operation of the fuel cell stack;
step 200, obtaining a plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack under different currents, and then regulating the working current of the fuel cell stack to an initial state;
step S300, judging whether the fuel cell stack has a phenomenon of uneven reaction or not by utilizing the plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages; if yes, go on to step S400; if not, returning to execute the step S200;
step S400, acquiring a plurality of groups of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when the variable parameters are changed independently one by one, wherein the groups of second local instantaneous voltages are acquired under the same appointed current;
and S500, screening a group of second local instantaneous voltages with relatively large overall values from the groups of second local instantaneous voltages, and designating the variable parameter corresponding to the group of second local instantaneous voltages as the variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
Further, the implementation process of the step S200 includes:
step S210, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is kept at I 0 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S220, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 Obtaining a k-th group first local instantaneous voltage generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when +kxDeltaI is obtained, wherein DeltaI is a set current increment;
step S230, judging that k is more than or equal to N 1 Whether or not to do so, where N 1 For the set total collection times N 1 Is a positive integer and N 1 2 or more; if so, continuing to execute step S240; if not, after controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, assigning k+1 to k, and returning to execute step S220;
step S240, output N 1 A first local instantaneous voltage is set, and then the working current of the fuel cell stack is regulated to an initial state;
wherein the above-described step S220 and the above-described step S230 form a loop operation, and the loop operation is performed starting from k=1.
Further, the implementation process of the step S300 is as follows:
from the N 1 Screening out M groups of first local instantaneous voltages with non-identical overall values from the groups of first local instantaneous voltages, and judgingWhether the broken M is smaller than a set threshold value; if yes, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is uniform; if not, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is not uniform.
Further, the number of variable parameters includes an air flow associated with an excess air factor and a hydrogen flow associated with a hydrogen excess factor.
Further, the implementation process of the step S400 includes:
step S410, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is maintained at I 0 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S420, the excess air ratio is changed from the initial value lambda 1 To lambda rise to 1 +Δλ 1 After the fuel cell stack is controlled to stably operate for a period of time, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a first set of second local instantaneous voltages generated by operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein Δλ 1 For the set first coefficient increment, Δi is the set current increment;
step S430, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is equal to the operating current of the fuel cell stack 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step S440, the hydrogen excess coefficient is changed from the initial value lambda 2 To lambda rise to 2 +Δλ 2 After the fuel cell stack is controlled to stably operate for a period of time, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a second set of second local instantaneous voltages generated by operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein Δλ 2 Adding value for the set second coefficient;
step S450, the working current of the fuel cell stack is controlled from I 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is determined from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 。
Further, the implementation process of the step S500 includes:
when the integral value of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the air flow corresponding to the first group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack;
or when the integral value of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the hydrogen flow corresponding to the second group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
The application has at least the following beneficial effects: by uniformly dividing the fuel cell stack into a plurality of reaction areas and measuring the reaction areas by using a plurality of voltage sensing probes, the acquired instantaneous voltage of each reaction area can be ensured to be at the same moment, thereby ensuring the data reliability when the voltage analysis task is executed subsequently. By collecting and analyzing the instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the reaction areas of the fuel cell stack under different currents, the internal reaction condition of the fuel cell stack can be known more accurately. By collecting the instantaneous voltage generated by the operation of a plurality of reaction areas of the fuel cell stack when different variable parameters change and comparing and analyzing the instantaneous voltage, the variable parameters with the greatest influence on the fuel cell stack can be more accurately obtained, so that technicians can conveniently and timely adjust the operation control strategy of the fuel cell stack, and the operation efficiency of a fuel cell system is further improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate and do not limit the application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural composition diagram of a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation and distribution of several voltage sensing probes disposed on a fuel cell stack in an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a flow chart of a detection and analysis method of a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.
It should be noted that although functional block diagrams are depicted as block diagrams, and logical sequences are shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the block diagrams in the system. The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present application provides a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system, where the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack, a controller, a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, and a thermal energy management module, the local voltage detection device includes a plurality of voltage sensing probes and a voltage acquisition module, a plurality of reaction areas (indicated as an area 1 to an area 2N in fig. 2) are uniformly divided on the fuel cell stack, and the plurality of voltage sensing probes (indicated as a voltage sensing probe 1 to a voltage sensing probe 2N in fig. 2) are correspondingly disposed in the plurality of reaction areas, that is, each reaction area is ensured to be equipped with one voltage sensing probe for detection.
In the embodiment of the application, the hydrogen supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the actually required hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; the air supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the air actually required to the fuel cell stack; the heat energy management module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller, and is used for carrying out heat dissipation regulation and control on the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack and timely discharging superfluous heat generated by the fuel cell stack; the voltage acquisition modules are connected with the controller, wherein any one voltage sensing probe is used for detecting local voltage information in a reaction area where the voltage sensing probes are located, and the voltage acquisition modules are used for converting the local voltage information into local voltage signals identifiable by the controller and transmitting the local voltage signals to the controller so as to execute subsequent instantaneous voltage analysis tasks.
Specifically, the controller may be used to regulate the flow, temperature and humidity of the hydrogen gas delivered by the hydrogen gas supply module to the fuel cell stack, and may also be used to regulate the flow, temperature and humidity of the air delivered by the air supply module to the fuel cell stack, and to regulate the heat dissipation degree of the thermal energy management module to the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature of the fuel cell stack.
The hydrogen supply module comprises hydrogen supply equipment, a first inlet valve, a first exhaust valve and a hydrogen circulating pump, the air supply module comprises air supply equipment, a second inlet valve and a second exhaust valve, the thermal energy management module comprises a radiator and a cooling liquid circulating pump, and the three modules are common equipment in the existing fuel cell system and are not protected by the application, and are not repeated herein.
Based on the above mentioned local voltage detection device of the fuel cell system, the embodiment of the application further provides a detection and analysis method of the local voltage detection device of the fuel cell system, referring to the flow chart shown in fig. 3, the detection and analysis method includes the following steps:
step S100, acquiring a plurality of variable parameters affecting the operation of the fuel cell stack;
step 200, obtaining a plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack under different currents, and then regulating the working current of the fuel cell stack to an initial state;
step S300, judging whether the fuel cell stack has a phenomenon of uneven reaction or not by utilizing the plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages; if yes, go on to step S400; if not, returning to execute the step S200;
step S400, acquiring a plurality of groups of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when the variable parameters are changed independently one by one, wherein the groups of second local instantaneous voltages are acquired under the same appointed current;
and S500, screening a group of second local instantaneous voltages with relatively large overall values from the groups of second local instantaneous voltages, and designating the variable parameter corresponding to the group of second local instantaneous voltages as the variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
In the step S200, any one set of first local instantaneous voltages is detected by the plurality of voltage sensing probes, that is, the number of first instantaneous voltages included in any one set of first local instantaneous voltages is the same as the number of the plurality of voltage sensing probes.
In the step S400, any one set of second local instantaneous voltages is detected by the voltage sensing probes; the number of the groups of the second local instantaneous voltages is the same as the number of the variable parameters, when the number of the variable parameters is K, any group of the second local instantaneous voltages is acquired under the condition that K-1 variable parameters are unchanged and only one variable parameter is changed, and the variable parameters of the change of each group of the second local instantaneous voltages are mutually different.
In the embodiment of the present application, the implementation process of the step S200 includes the following steps:
step S210, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is kept at I 0 When controlling the fuel cellThe stack is operated steadily for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S220, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 Obtaining a k-th group first local instantaneous voltage generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when +kxDeltaI is obtained, wherein DeltaI is a set current increment;
step S230, judging that k is more than or equal to N 1 Whether or not to do so, where N 1 For the set total collection times N 1 Is a positive integer and N 1 2 or more; if so, continuing to execute step S240; if not, after controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, assigning k+1 to k, and returning to execute step S220;
step 240, output N 1 A first local instantaneous voltage is set, and the working current of the fuel cell stack is regulated to an initial state, namely, the working current of the fuel cell stack is kept to be I 0 ；
Wherein the above step S220 and the above step S230 form a loop operation, and the loop operation is performed starting from k=1, thereby ensuring that the loop operation can perform N 1 Secondary to obtain N 1 A first local instantaneous voltage is set.
In the embodiment of the present application, the implementation process of the step S300 is as follows: from the N 1 Screening M groups of first local instantaneous voltages with the whole numerical values not being identical from the groups of first local instantaneous voltages, and judging whether M is smaller than a preset threshold value or not; if yes, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is uniform; if not, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is not uniform.
Wherein the predetermined threshold is N 1 Depending on the value of (2) to ensure that the N 1 In the first partial instantaneous voltages of the group, most of the first partial instantaneous voltages are in a state that the whole values are identical, that is, the values of all the first partial instantaneous voltages contained in any one of the first partial instantaneous voltages of the plurality of the first partial instantaneous voltages are identical, and at this time, it can be judged that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is uniform when the first partial instantaneous voltages of the group are collected.
In step S200, when the cyclic operation is performed to increase the operating current of the fuel cell stack to I 0 +N 1 At x ΔI, the operating current I 0 +N 1 The x Δi should not exceed the allowable operating current range of the fuel cell stack to avoid unnecessary damage to the fuel cell stack; in addition, the above step S300 proposes to use the N 1 The first local instantaneous voltage of the group carries out uneven judgment of reaction, so that misjudgment caused by accidental events can be avoided.
In an embodiment of the present application, the several variable parameters include, but are not limited to, air flow and hydrogen flow; wherein, the air flow rate is related to the excess air coefficient, the hydrogen flow rate is related to the hydrogen excess coefficient, and the relationship between them belongs to the prior art, and will not be described herein.
In the embodiment of the present application, the implementation process of the step S400 includes:
step S410, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is maintained at I 0 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S420, the excess air ratio is changed from the initial value lambda 1 To lambda rise to 1 +Δλ 1 After the fuel cell stack is controlled to stably operate for a period of time, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a first set of second local instantaneous voltages generated by operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein Δλ 1 For the set first coefficient increment, Δi is the set current increment;
step S430, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is equal to the operating current of the fuel cell stack 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step S440, the hydrogen excess coefficient is changed from the initial value lambda 2 To lambda rise to 2 +Δλ 2 Controlling the fuel cellAfter a period of stable operation of the stack, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a second set of second local instantaneous voltages generated by operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein Δλ 2 Adding value for the set second coefficient;
step S450, the working current of the fuel cell stack is controlled from I 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is determined from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 。
In the embodiment of the present application, the implementation process of the step S500 includes: when the integral value of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the air flow corresponding to the first group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack; or when the integral value of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the hydrogen flow corresponding to the second group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
In general, the overall value of the first set of second local instantaneous voltages and the overall value of the second set of second local instantaneous voltages are not identical, and if there is an exception, both the air flow and the hydrogen flow are designated as two variable parameters that have a greater influence on the current operating state of the fuel cell stack.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned control of the fuel cell stack in step S200 and step S400 is performed for a period of time, and the effect is expressed as follows: the plurality of voltage data detected by the plurality of voltage sensing probes may be maintained in a stable state.
The analysis of step S300 and step S500 is performed in the controller, and the adjustment of the operating current in step S200 and the adjustment of the variable parameter and the operating current in step S400 are controlled and adjusted by the controller.
In the embodiment of the present application, for measuring a fuel cell stack with an output power of 5kW, taking the example that the local voltage detection device includes 6 voltage sensing probes, the implementation process of the step S400 and the step S500 is illustrated in detail, which specifically includes the following steps:
a1, when the working current of the fuel cell stack is kept to be 1A, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step A2, increasing the excess air ratio from an initial value of 1.1 to 1.5, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, and then increasing the working current of the fuel cell stack to 1.5A to obtain a first group of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein the first group of second local instantaneous voltages are as follows: u (U) 5,air ＝706mV，U 6,air ＝704mV，U 1,air ＝U 2,air ＝U 3,air ＝U 4,air ＝707mV；
Step A3, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is recovered from 1.5A to 1A and the excess air ratio is recovered from 1.5 to 1.1, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step A4, increasing the hydrogen excess coefficient from an initial value of 1.1 to 1.5, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, and then increasing the working current of the fuel cell stack to 1.5A to obtain a second group of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein the second group of second local instantaneous voltages are as follows: u (U) 5,H2 ＝705mV，U 6,H2 ＝702mV，U 1,H2 ＝U 2,H2 ＝U 3,H2 ＝U 4,H2 ＝707mV；
Step A5, recovering the operating current of the fuel cell stack from 1.5A to 1A, and recovering the excess air ratio from 1.5 to 1.1;
step A6, comparing the first set of second local instantaneous voltages obtained in the step A2 with the second set of second local instantaneous voltages obtained in the step A4, wherein the overall value of the first set of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the second set of second local instantaneous voltages, and the air flow is designated as a variable parameter which has the greatest influence on the current operating state of the fuel cell stack, so that a technician is informed of adjusting the current air flow to improve the operating state of the fuel cell stack.
In the embodiment of the present application, for measuring a fuel cell stack with an output power of 10kW, taking an example that the local voltage detection device includes 8 voltage sensing probes, the implementation process of the step S400 and the step S500 is illustrated in detail, which specifically includes the following steps:
step B1, when the working current of the fuel cell stack is kept to be 2A, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step B2, increasing the excess air ratio from an initial value of 1.1 to 1.2, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, and then increasing the working current of the fuel cell stack to 3A to obtain a first group of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein the first group of second local instantaneous voltages are as follows: u (U) 1,air ＝U 2,air ＝708mV，U 3,air ＝U 4,air ＝U 5,air ＝U 6,air ＝710mV，U 7,air ＝707mV，U 8,air ＝709mV；
Step B3, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is recovered from 3A to 2A and the excess air ratio is recovered from 1.2 to 1.1, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step B4, increasing the hydrogen excess coefficient from an initial value of 1.1 to 1.2, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, and then increasing the working current of the fuel cell stack to 3A to obtain a second group of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein the second group of second local instantaneous voltages are as follows: u (U) 1,H2 ＝704mV，U 2,H2 ＝705mV，U 3,H2 ＝U 4,H2 ＝U 5,H2 ＝U 6,H2 ＝711mV，U 7,H2 ＝705mV，U 8,H2 ＝706mV；
Step B5, recovering the operating current of the fuel cell stack from 3A to 2A, and recovering the excess air ratio from 1.2 to 1.1;
and B6, comparing the first set of second local instantaneous voltages obtained in the step B2 with the second set of second local instantaneous voltages obtained in the step B4 to determine that the overall value of the first set of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the second set of second local instantaneous voltages, and designating the air flow as a variable parameter which has the greatest influence on the current operating state of the fuel cell stack, thereby informing a technician that the current air flow can be adjusted to improve the operating state of the fuel cell stack.
While the present application has been described in considerable detail and with particularity with respect to several described embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to any such detail or embodiments or any particular embodiment, but is to be considered as providing a broad interpretation of such claims by reference to the appended claims in light of the prior art and thus effectively covering the intended scope of the application. Furthermore, the foregoing description of the application has been presented in its embodiments contemplated by the inventors for the purpose of providing a useful description, and for the purposes of providing a non-essential modification of the application that may not be presently contemplated, may represent an equivalent modification of the application.
Claims (7)
1. The detection and analysis method of the local voltage detection device of the fuel cell system is characterized by applying the local voltage detection device of the fuel cell system, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and a controller, the local voltage detection device comprises a plurality of voltage induction probes and a voltage acquisition module, the voltage induction probes are connected with the voltage acquisition module, and the voltage acquisition module is connected with the controller;
the fuel cell stack is uniformly divided into a plurality of reaction areas, the plurality of voltage sensing probes are correspondingly arranged in the plurality of reaction areas, any one of the voltage sensing probes is used for detecting local voltage information in the reaction area, and the voltage acquisition module is used for converting the local voltage information into a local voltage signal which can be identified by the controller and transmitting the local voltage signal to the controller;
the detection and analysis method comprises the following steps:
step S100, acquiring a plurality of variable parameters affecting the operation of the fuel cell stack;
step 200, obtaining a plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack under different currents, and then regulating the working current of the fuel cell stack to an initial state;
step S300, judging whether the fuel cell stack has a phenomenon of uneven reaction or not by utilizing the plurality of groups of first local instantaneous voltages; if yes, go on to step S400; if not, returning to execute the step S200;
step S400, acquiring a plurality of groups of second local instantaneous voltages generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when the variable parameters are changed independently one by one, wherein the groups of second local instantaneous voltages are acquired under the same appointed current;
and S500, screening a group of second local instantaneous voltages with relatively large overall values from the groups of second local instantaneous voltages, and designating the variable parameter corresponding to the group of second local instantaneous voltages as the variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
2. The method for detecting and analyzing the local voltage detecting device for a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the step S200 is performed by:
step S210, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is kept at I 0 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S220, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 Obtaining a k-th group first local instantaneous voltage generated by the operation of the fuel cell stack when +kxDeltaI is obtained, wherein DeltaI is a set current increment;
step S230, judging that k is more than or equal to N 1 Whether or not to do so, where N 1 For the set total collection times N 1 Is a positive integer and N 1 2 or more; if so, proceed to step 240; if not, controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, and then adding k +Assigning 1 to k, and returning to execute step 220;
step S240, output N 1 A first local instantaneous voltage is set, and then the working current of the fuel cell stack is regulated to an initial state;
wherein the above-described step S220 and the above-described step S230 form a loop operation, and the loop operation is performed starting from k=1.
3. The method for detecting and analyzing the local voltage detecting device for a fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the step S300 is performed as follows:
from the N 1 Screening M groups of first local instantaneous voltages with the whole numerical values not being identical from the groups of first local instantaneous voltages, and judging whether M is smaller than a preset threshold value or not; if yes, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is uniform; if not, judging that the internal reaction of the fuel cell stack is not uniform.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of variable parameters include an air flow rate associated with an excess air ratio and a hydrogen flow rate associated with a hydrogen excess ratio.
5. The method for detecting and analyzing the local voltage detecting device for a fuel cell system according to claim 4, wherein the step S400 is performed by:
step S410, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is maintained at I 0 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time, wherein I 0 Represented as a current initial state;
step S420, the excess air ratio is changed from the initial value lambda 1 To lambda rise to 1 +Δλ 1 After the fuel cell stack is controlled to stably operate for a period of time, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a first set of second local areas generated by operation of the fuel cell stackInstantaneous voltage, Δλ 1 For the set first coefficient increment, Δi is the set current increment;
step S430, when the operating current of the fuel cell stack is equal to the operating current of the fuel cell stack 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 Controlling the fuel cell stack to stably operate for a period of time;
step S440, the hydrogen excess coefficient is changed from the initial value lambda 2 To lambda rise to 2 +Δλ 2 After the fuel cell stack is controlled to stably operate for a period of time, the operating current of the fuel cell stack is increased to I 0 +ΔI, obtaining a second set of second local instantaneous voltages generated by operation of the fuel cell stack, wherein Δλ 2 Adding value for the set second coefficient;
step S450, the working current of the fuel cell stack is controlled from I 0 Restoration of +ΔI to I 0 And the excess air ratio is determined from lambda 1 +Δλ 1 Restoring to lambda 1 。
6. The method for detecting and analyzing the local voltage detecting device for a fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein the step S500 is performed by:
when the integral value of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the air flow corresponding to the first group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack;
and when the integral value of the second group of second local instantaneous voltages is larger than that of the first group of second local instantaneous voltages, designating the hydrogen flow corresponding to the second group of second local instantaneous voltages as a variable parameter with the greatest influence on the current running state of the fuel cell stack.
7. The method for detecting and analyzing a local voltage detection device of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen supply module, an air supply module, and a thermal management module;
the hydrogen supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the actually required hydrogen to the fuel cell stack;
the air supply module is connected with the fuel cell stack and is controlled by the controller and used for conveying the air actually required to the fuel cell stack;
the thermal energy management module is connected with the fuel cell stack, is controlled by the controller and is used for carrying out heat dissipation regulation and control on the inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack.
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