CN114912743A - Carbon emission accounting method for whole life cycle of building - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon emission accounting method for the whole life cycle of a building, which comprises the following steps: establishing a carbon emission accounting model at the whole life cycle stage of the building; calculating carbon emission in the building material production stage; calculating the carbon emission in the building material transportation stage; calculating carbon emission in a construction and construction stage; calculating carbon emission in the dismantling and waste recovery stages; and calculating the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building according to the carbon emission of each stage of the building. According to the technical scheme, calculation is carried out in five stages of building material production, building material transportation, construction and construction, operation and maintenance, dismantling and waste recovery, each stage relates to resource and energy consumption, waste gas and waste water and solid waste discharge, and consumption and carbon discharge of each stage are analyzed by a material balance method, so that a full-life-cycle building carbon footprint calculation result is formed, the calculation result is more accurate, and building carbon discharge is actually reflected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission, in particular to a carbon emission accounting method for a whole life cycle of a building.
Background
The construction industry, as one of three major departments (industry, transportation industry and construction industry) of global energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission, determines to a great extent whether the carbon neutralization target of each country can be achieved as expected. Therefore, the method has very important significance for reasonably and scientifically analyzing the carbon emission trend of the building industry and analyzing the carbon emission influence factors of the building industry. The transformer substation is a basic unit of power transmission, and is one of important basic projects with the largest coverage area and the most common use in the society. The number of the urban transformer substations is large, the distribution is wide, and the energy conservation and consumption reduction of the urban transformer substations have important influence on the energy consumption level of the whole power grid. In the past, the design requirements of designers on the transformer substation buildings are only considered from the perspective of meeting the basic function and process requirements, and the energy-saving design of the transformer substation buildings is less considered due to the limitation of technical factors.
The building part adopts a life cycle evaluation method to carry out carbon footprint analysis, and calculates from five stages of building material production, building material transportation, construction and construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and waste recovery. And each stage relates to resource and energy consumption, the discharge of waste gas, waste water and solid wastes, and the consumption and carbon emission of each stage are analyzed by a material balance method, so that a carbon footprint calculation result of the building in the whole life cycle is formed. By taking the carbon emission evaluation method as a basis, the selection of the green low-carbon transformer substation in the aspects of equipment type, transportation and installation means, operation modes and the like can be effectively guided, the carbon reduction effect under various measures is quantized, and effective assistance is provided for building the carbon emission evaluation standard of the transformer substation.
Chinese patent document CN113837912A discloses a method for analyzing influence factors of carbon emission in the construction industry. Adopts the following steps: determining influence factors of the carbon emission in the building industry, and constructing an equality of the influence factors of the carbon emission in the building industry; constructing a historical data set of carbon emission driving effect in the construction industry; building an accumulative total effect calculation model of the construction industry in the past year with carbon emission being longer than a reference period based on IDA; drawing a trend graph to verify whether the calculation model corresponds to the actual carbon emission trend of the building industry; constructing a calculation formula of carbon emission variation quantity of the construction industry over the years; constructing a calculation formula of the carbon emission fluctuation amount contribution rate of the construction industry over the year; and importing the inspected historical data set, and analyzing the driving effect of the carbon emission influence factor in the building industry based on the calculation result. The technical scheme does not consider the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building, and errors exist in the accounting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problems that the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of a building is not considered in the original technical scheme, and errors exist in the accounting, and provides a carbon emission accounting method of the whole life cycle of the building.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a carbon emission accounting model at the whole life cycle stage of the building;
s2, calculating carbon emission in the building material production stage;
s3, calculating carbon emission in the building material transportation stage;
s4, calculating carbon emission in the construction and construction stage;
s5, calculating carbon emission in the dismantling and waste recovery stages;
s6, calculating the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building according to the carbon emission of each stage of the building.
Preferably, the step S1 is to establish the carbon emission accounting model at the life cycle stage of the building by using an emission factor method, wherein the basic calculation formula of the emission factor method is
E＝∑Q×EF
Wherein E is CO 2 Emission, Q activity level, activity level data for quantified activities causing greenhouse gas emissions, EF emission factor, CO2 emissions per unit activity level. The calculated carbon emissions refer to carbon dioxide equivalent (CO) 2 e) The total greenhouse gas is the sum of six types of greenhouse gases specified in the Kyoto protocol, namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbon and perfluorocarbon.
Preferably, the step S1 of calculating the carbon emission of the building during the life cycle includes a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage, a construction stage, an operation and maintenance stage, and a demolition and waste recycling stage, and the calculation formula is
C lc ＝C mp +C mt +C co +C op +C ma +C de +C wd
Wherein, C lc For building full life cycle carbon emissions (kgCO2e), C mp Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material production stage 2 e)，C mt Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material transportation stage 2 e)，C co For carbon emissions at the construction stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C op For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the operating phase 2 e)，C ma For maintenance phase carbon emissions (kgCO) 2 e)，C de For carbon emission (kgCO) in the demolition stage 2 e)，C wd For waste and recovery stage carbon emissions (kgCO2 e).
Preferably, the carbon emission in the building material production stage of step S2 is determined by the amount of the building material and the corresponding carbon emission factor, and the total weight of the selected main building material is not less than 95% of the total weight of the building material consumed in the building, which is calculated in the formula
M mp，i The amount of the i-th construction material, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for ith construction building material 2 e/unit building material usage). The carbon emission in the production stage of building materials refers to the carbon emission generated by energy consumption and chemical reaction in the process of mining and processing raw materials of the building materials.
Preferably, the carbon emission in the transportation stage of the building materials in the step S3 is determined by the quality of the building materials to be transported, the transportation distance from the building material production site to the construction site, and the transportation mode, and the calculation formula is
Wherein M is mt，i The amount (t) and (D) of the i-th building material mt，i Transport distance (km), EF, for the i-th building material mt，i Carbon emission factor of unit mass transport distance [ kgCO ] in the transport mode of the ith building material 2 e/(t·km)]. Carbon emissions from the transportation stage of building materials are mainly produced by transportation equipment transporting the building materials from their production sites to the construction sites.
Preferably, the carbon emission calculation formula of the construction and construction stage of step S4 is
Wherein E is co，i For the i-th energy consumption (kWh or kg) of the construction stage, EF e，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) as the ith energy source 2 e/kWh or kgCO 2 e/m 2). Carbon emission in the construction stage means that the construction is started to be built to be completedThe worker checks and accepts the carbon emissions generated at this stage. The main sources of the method are energy consumption of various mechanical equipment on a construction site and carbon emission generated by energy consumption of temporary buildings such as office rooms, constructor living rooms and the like which are built according to use requirements.
Preferably, the carbon emission calculation in the demolition and waste recycling stage of step S5 includes a demolition stage and a waste recycling stage, the carbon emission in the demolition stage of the building is mainly generated by energy consumption of demolition equipment, and the carbon emission in the waste recycling stage is mainly generated by transportation of construction waste.
Preferably, the carbon emission calculation formula of the demolition stage is
Wherein E is de，i The amount of i-th energy (kWh or kg) in the demolition stage;
in the actual calculation process, the equipment in the dismantling stage can adopt an empirical formula obtained by a scholarer in the past:
C de ＝CA de ×A B
CA de ＝0.06X+2.01
wherein, CA de Carbon emissions (kgCO) for demolition of a unit area of building for demolition stages 2 e/m2)，A B The total area of the building (square meter) and X is the number of floors (layers) on the building floor.
Preferably, the carbon emission calculation formula of the waste recovery stage is
C w ＝C wd -C rd
Wherein, C w For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the waste recovery stage 2 e)，C rd For carbon reduction in the recovery stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C wd For carbon emission (kgCO) in waste stage 2 e)；
Wherein, M mp，i The amount of the i-th building material, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for the ith building Material 2 e/unit building material amount), η 1 Is the recovery rate of the i-th building material, eta 2 The ratio of the recycled energy consumption of the ith building material to the original production consumption;
wherein M is wd，i Amount of waste (t), D) generated for ith building demolition wd，i Transport distance (km), EF, producing waste for the ith building demolition wd，i Carbon emission factor [ kgCO ] for waste transportation mode for i-th building demolition 2 e/(km·t)]，η 1 The recovery rate of waste generated by dismantling the ith building material is improved. Carbon emission in the waste recovery stage is mainly generated by outward transportation of construction waste. A large amount of construction waste is generated after the construction is dismantled, and part of the construction waste can be recycled after being treated, and the part is the carbon emission reduction amount. Other construction wastes are transported to a landfill site for landfill treatment, and carbon emission is generated due to energy consumption of transportation equipment in the process, and the calculation method is similar to the calculation of the carbon emission in the building material transportation stage. In contrast, the reject and recycle stages also take into account the recovery rate of each building material as compared to the calculation at the building material transport stage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: calculating from five stages of building material production, building material transportation, construction and construction, operation and maintenance, demolition and waste recovery, wherein each stage relates to resource and energy consumption, discharge of waste gas, waste water and solid waste, and analyzing the consumption and carbon emission in each stage by a material balance method, so that a carbon footprint calculation result of a building in a full life cycle is formed, the calculation result is more accurate, and the carbon emission of the building is actually reflected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a building carbon emission of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the method for accounting the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
s1, establishing a carbon emission accounting model in the whole life cycle stage of the building. The carbon emissions calculated for this study refer to carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e), which is the sum of the six greenhouse gases specified in the kyoto protocol, namely the six greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydrofluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons. Establishing a carbon emission accounting model at the life cycle stage of the building by using an emission factor method, wherein the basic calculation formula of the emission factor method is
E＝∑Q×EF
Wherein E is CO 2 Emissions, Q activity level, the activity level data being quantified activities that cause greenhouse gas emissions, such as: residential building living electricity consumption, green land area and the like; EF is the emission factor, i.e., the amount of CO2 emissions per unit activity level.
As shown in FIG. 2, the carbon emission accounting model for the life cycle of the building includes a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage, a construction and construction stage, an operation and maintenance stage, and a demolition and waste recycling stage, and the calculation formula is
C lc ＝C mp +C mt +C co +C op +C ma +C de +C wd
Wherein, C lc For building full life cycle carbon emissions (kgCO2e), C mp Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material production stage 2 e)，C mt Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material transportation stage 2 e)，C co For carbon emissions at the construction stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C op For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the operating phase 2 e)，C ma For maintenance phase carbon emissions (kgCO) 2 e)，C de For carbon emission (kgCO) in the demolition stage 2 e)，C wd For waste and recovery stage carbon emissions (kgCO2 e).
S2, calculating the carbon emission in the building material production stage. The carbon emission in the production stage of building materials refers to the carbon emission generated by energy consumption and chemical reaction in the process of mining and processing raw materials of the building materials. The carbon emission in the stage is determined by the using amount of the building materials and corresponding carbon emission factors, and meanwhile, according to the building carbon emission calculation standard GB/T51366-2019, the total weight of the main building materials selected by the carbon emission calculation in the building material production and transportation stage is not lower than 95 percent of the total weight of the building materials consumed in the building, and the calculation formula is
M mp，i The amount of the i-th construction material, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for ith construction building material 2 e/unit building material usage).
S3 carbon emissions from the construction materials transportation stage are mainly generated by transportation facilities transporting the construction materials from their production sites to the construction sites. The carbon emission in the stage is mainly determined by the quality of the building materials to be transported, the transportation distance from the building material production place to the construction site and the transportation mode, and the calculation formula is
Wherein M is mt，i The amount (t) and (D) of the i-th building material mt，i Transport distance (km), EF, for the i-th building material mt，i Carbon emission factor of unit mass transport distance [ kgCO ] in the transport mode of the ith building material 2 e/(t·km)]。
S4 calculates construction stage carbon emissions. The carbon emission at the construction stage means carbon emission generated from the stage from the start of construction to the acceptance of construction. The main sources of the method are energy consumption of various mechanical equipment on a construction site and carbon emission generated by energy consumption of temporary buildings such as office rooms, constructor living rooms and the like which are built according to use requirements. The carbon emission calculation formula of the construction and construction stage of step S4 is
Wherein E is co，i For the i-th energy consumption (kWh or kg) of the construction stage, EF e，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for the ith energy source 2 e/kWh or kgCO 2 e/m2)。
S5 calculates demolition and waste recovery stage carbon emissions. The carbon emission calculation in the demolition and waste recovery stages comprises a demolition stage and a waste recovery stage, the carbon emission in the construction demolition stage is mainly generated by energy consumption of demolition equipment, and the carbon emission in the waste recovery stage is mainly generated by outward transportation of construction waste.
The carbon emission calculation formula at the dismantling stage is
Wherein E is de，i The amount of i-th energy (kWh or kg) in the demolition stage;
in the actual calculation process, the energy used in the equipment in the removal stage is difficult to count, so the calculation often adopts the empirical formula obtained by the prior scholars:
C de ＝CA de ×A B
CA de ＝0.06X+2.01
wherein, CA de Carbon emissions (kgCO) for demolition of a unit area of building for demolition stages 2 e/m2)，A B The total area of the building (square meter) and X is the number of floors (layers) on the building floor.
Carbon emission in the waste recovery stage is mainly generated by the outward transportation of construction waste. A large amount of construction waste is generated after the construction is dismantled, and part of the construction waste can be recycled after being treated, and the part is the carbon emission reduction amount. Other construction wastes are transported to a landfill site for landfill treatment, and carbon emission is generated due to energy consumption of transportation equipment in the process, and the calculation method is similar to the calculation of the carbon emission in the building material transportation stage. In contrast, the waste and recovery stages also take into account the recovery rate of each building material as compared with the calculation in the building material transportation stage, and the carbon emission calculation formula in the waste recovery stage is
C w ＝C wd -C rd
Wherein, C w For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the waste recovery stage 2 e)，C rd For carbon reduction in the recovery stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C wd For carbon emission (kgCO) in waste stage 2 e)；
Wherein M is mp，i The amount of the i-th building material, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for the ith building material 2 e/unit building material amount), eta 1 Is the recovery rate of the i-th building material, eta 2 The ratio of the recycled energy consumption of the ith building material to the original production consumption;
wherein M is wd，i Amount of waste produced for ith building demolition (t), D wd，i Transport distance (km), EF, producing waste for the ith building demolition wd，i Carbon emission factor [ kgCO ] for waste transportation mode for i-th building demolition 2 e/(km·t)]，η 1 The recovery rate of waste generated for the i-th building material demolition is improved.
And S6, accumulating the carbon emission results of all stages of the building and calculating the carbon emission of all life cycle stages of the building.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although terms such as a full life cycle phase carbon emission accounting model are used more herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for accounting carbon emission of a building in a whole life cycle is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a carbon emission accounting model at the whole life cycle stage of the building;
s2, calculating carbon emission in the building material production stage;
s3, calculating carbon emission in the building material transportation stage;
s4, calculating carbon emission in the construction and construction stage;
s5, calculating carbon emission in the dismantling and waste recovery stages;
s6, calculating the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building according to the carbon emission of each stage of the building.
2. The method for accounting for carbon emission during the whole life cycle of a building of claim 1, wherein, in the step S1, the carbon emission accounting model at the life cycle stage of the building is established by using an emission factor method, and the basic calculation formula of the emission factor method is
E＝∑Q×EF
Wherein E is CO 2 Emission, Q activity level, activity level data quantifying the activity responsible for greenhouse gas emissions, and EF emission factor, CO2 emissions per unit activity level.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 includes a building material production stage, a building material transportation stage, a construction stage, an operation and maintenance stage, and a demolition and waste recycling stage, and the calculation formula is
C lc ＝C mp +C mt +C co +C op +C ma +C de +C wd
Wherein, C lc For building full life cycle carbon emissions (kgCO2e), C mp Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material production stage 2 e)，C mt Carbon emission (kgCO) for building material transportation stage 2 e)，C co For carbon emissions at the construction stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C op For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the operating phase 2 e)，C ma For maintenance phase carbon emissions (kgCO) 2 e)，C de For carbon emission (kgCO) in the demolition stage 2 e)，C wd For waste and recovery stage carbon emissions (kgCO2 e).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S2 is performed in such a way that the carbon emission during the building material production stage is determined by the amount of the building material and the corresponding carbon emission factor, the carbon emission during the building material production and transportation stage is calculated by selecting the total weight of the main building materials not less than 95% of the total weight of the building materials consumed in the building, and the calculation is performed according to the formula
M mp，i Amount of building material for the i-th site construction, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for ith construction building material 2 e/unit building material usage).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon emission during the transportation stage of the building material in step S3 is determined by the quality of the building material to be transported, the transportation distance from the building material production site to the construction site, and the transportation method, and the calculation formula is
Wherein M is mt，i The amount (t) and (D) of the i-th building material mt，i Transport distance (km), EF, for the i-th building material mt，i Carbon emission factor of unit mass transport distance [ kgCO ] in the transport mode of the ith building material 2 e/(t·km)]。
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon emission calculation formula of the construction and construction stage of step S4 is
Wherein E is co，i For the i-th energy consumption (kWh or kg) of the construction stage, EF e，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) as the ith energy source 2 e/kWh or kgCO 2 e/m2)。
7. The method for accounting carbon emission in the whole life cycle of a building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon emission accounting in the demolition and waste recycling stages of step S5 comprises a demolition stage and a waste recycling stage, the carbon emission in the demolition stage of the building is mainly generated by energy consumption of demolition equipment, and the carbon emission in the waste recycling stage is mainly generated by transportation of construction waste.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon emission calculation formula of the demolition stage is
Wherein E is de，i The amount of i-th energy (kWh or kg) in the demolition stage;
in the actual calculation process, the equipment in the dismantling stage can adopt an empirical formula obtained by a scholarer in the past:
C de ＝CA de ×A B
CA de ＝0.06X+2.01
wherein, CA de Carbon emissions (kgCO) for demolition of a unit area of building for demolition stages 2 e/m2)，A B The total area of the building (square meter) and X is the number of floors (layers) on the building floor.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon emission calculation formula of the waste recovery stage is
C w ＝C wd -C rd
Wherein, C w For carbon emissions (kgCO) in the waste recovery stage 2 e)，C rd For carbon reduction in the recovery stage (kgCO) 2 e)，C wd For carbon emission (kgCO) in waste stage 2 e)；
Wherein M is mp，i The amount of the i-th building material, EF mp，i Carbon emission factor (kgCO) for the ith building material 2 e/unit building material amount), η 1 Is the recovery rate of the i-th building material, eta 2 The ratio of the recycled energy consumption of the ith building material to the original production consumption;
wherein M is wd，i Amount of waste (t), D) generated for ith building demolition wd，i Transport distance (km), EF, producing waste for the ith building demolition wd，i Carbon emission factor [ kgCO ] for waste transportation mode for ith building demolition 2 e/(km·t)]，η 1 The recovery rate of waste generated for the i-th building material demolition is improved.
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