CN114910402A - Method and device for testing vapor permeability coefficient of porous material of building envelope - Google Patents

Method and device for testing vapor permeability coefficient of porous material of building envelope Download PDF

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CN114910402A
CN114910402A CN202210444799.8A CN202210444799A CN114910402A CN 114910402 A CN114910402 A CN 114910402A CN 202210444799 A CN202210444799 A CN 202210444799A CN 114910402 A CN114910402 A CN 114910402A
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air
permeability coefficient
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陆江
薛育聪
徐婉清
罗晓予
赵康
葛坚
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Zhejiang Lover Health Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,其由试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统组成。试样固定部件包括试样固定环和紧固器,用于固定合适尺寸的多孔材料试样。下部部件与上部部件用于容纳两种不同的饱和盐溶液,与试样固定部件相接,并分别形成位于试样上方与下方的两个密闭空间,使多孔材料试样两侧保持较为恒定的相对湿度梯度。空气参数记录及温度控制系统用于实时记录测试过程中试样两侧的空气参数,并将空气温度控制至设定值。本发明通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。

Figure 202210444799

The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which consists of a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part, an air parameter recording and a temperature control system. Specimen-holding components include specimen-retaining rings and fasteners for holding appropriately sized specimens of porous material. The lower part and the upper part are used to accommodate two different saturated salt solutions, connect with the sample fixing part, and form two closed spaces above and below the sample respectively, so that the two sides of the porous material sample can be kept relatively constant. Relative Humidity Gradient. The air parameter recording and temperature control system is used to record the air parameters on both sides of the sample in real time during the test, and control the air temperature to the set value. By changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution and the quality change of different parts, the invention can calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under different temperatures and water contents.

Figure 202210444799

Description

一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置A method and device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of enclosure structures

【技术领域】【Technical field】

本发明涉及一种建筑材料性能的测试方法及装置,具体涉及一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,属于建筑工程技术领域。The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the performance of building materials, in particular to a method and device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of an enclosure structure, and belongs to the technical field of construction engineering.

【背景技术】【Background technique】

除热量外,水分也会通过建筑围护结构传入室内,并在围护结构中蓄积、释放,改变了围护结构的热湿物性参数与室内热湿环境,进而对供暖空调能耗、室内人体舒适度、围护结构表面与内部的霉变及冷凝产生了影响。蒸汽渗透系数表征了水蒸气在材料中传递速度的快慢,确定该参数对衡量围护结构内湿传递造成的影响至关重要。In addition to heat, moisture will also be introduced into the room through the building envelope, and accumulated and released in the envelope, which changes the thermal and moisture physical parameters of the envelope and the indoor thermal and humidity environment, which in turn affects the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning, and the indoor heat and humidity. Human comfort, mildew and condensation on the exterior and interior of the envelope had an impact. The vapor permeability coefficient characterizes the speed of water vapor transfer in the material, and determining this parameter is crucial to measure the impact of moisture transfer in the building envelope.

然而,材料的蒸汽渗透系数会随该材料温度与含水率的不同而变化。我国幅员辽阔,建筑气候分区多样,当地区与季节发生改变时,材料的蒸汽渗透系数亦发生较大变化。因此,在衡量围护结构内湿传递造成的影响时,不应将蒸汽渗透系数视作常数;在测试蒸汽渗透系数时,也应测试其在不同温度与含水率情况下的具体数值。However, the vapor permeability coefficient of a material will vary with the temperature and moisture content of the material. my country has a vast territory and various building climate zones. When the regions and seasons change, the vapor permeability coefficient of materials also changes greatly. Therefore, when measuring the effect of moisture transfer in the building envelope, the vapor permeability coefficient should not be regarded as a constant; when testing the vapor permeability coefficient, its specific value under different temperature and moisture content should also be tested.

当前国际与国内主要采用干/湿杯法测量蒸汽渗透系数,其大致过程为:在一敞口容器中注入一定量的饱和盐溶液,将待测试样平放于容器开口处,用胶带、环氧树脂、石蜡等材料固定试样与敞口容器,再将其置于恒温恒湿箱中,使试样两侧空气存在恒定且尽可能小的相对湿度梯度,通过饱和盐溶液的增重/减重速率计算得到试样的蒸汽渗透系数,并将其表达为环境相对湿度的单值函数。At present, the dry/wet cup method is mainly used at home and abroad to measure the steam permeability coefficient. The sample and the open container are fixed with epoxy resin, paraffin and other materials, and then placed in a constant temperature and humidity box, so that the air on both sides of the sample has a constant and as small a relative humidity gradient as possible. The vapor permeability coefficient of the sample was obtained by calculating the weight loss rate, and it was expressed as a single-valued function of the relative humidity of the environment.

从上述测试过程可以看出,传统的测试装置还存在如下不足:1)传统的测试装置仅控制试样一侧的相对湿度,试样另一侧的相对湿度则需由恒温恒湿箱控制,耗资高、占地面积大;2)难以直接测量杯内液面高度与空气层厚度,不便修正空气中蒸汽传递阻力的影响;3)试样与敞口容器间为一次性固定,试样不能重复利用:4)难以快速地调整试样两侧空气的相对湿度与温度,不利于测试多种工况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数。除测试装置外,传统的测试方法也值得改进:1)将蒸汽渗透系数表达为相对湿度的单值函数,不符合物理规律,应表达为温度与含水率的函数;2)由于多种因素的影响,饱和盐溶液或恒温恒湿箱所营造相对湿度并不与理论值完全相同,唯有直接测出试样两侧的空气参数(温度、相对湿度与空气压力)方可准确算得试样在该工况下的蒸汽渗透系数。It can be seen from the above test process that the traditional test device still has the following deficiencies: 1) The traditional test device only controls the relative humidity on one side of the sample, and the relative humidity on the other side of the sample needs to be controlled by a constant temperature and humidity chamber, High cost and large footprint; 2) It is difficult to directly measure the height of the liquid level in the cup and the thickness of the air layer, and it is inconvenient to correct the influence of the vapor transmission resistance in the air; 3) The sample and the open container are fixed at one time, and the sample cannot be Reuse: 4) It is difficult to quickly adjust the relative humidity and temperature of the air on both sides of the sample, which is not conducive to testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under various working conditions. In addition to the test device, the traditional test method is also worth improving: 1) the vapor permeability coefficient is expressed as a single-valued function of relative humidity, which does not conform to physical laws, and should be expressed as a function of temperature and moisture content; 2) due to various factors Influence, the relative humidity created by the saturated salt solution or the constant temperature and humidity box is not exactly the same as the theoretical value. Only by directly measuring the air parameters (temperature, relative humidity and air pressure) on both sides of the sample can the sample be accurately calculated. The vapor permeability coefficient under this condition.

因此,为解决上述技术问题,确有必要提供一种创新的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,以克服现有技术中的所述缺陷。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, it is indeed necessary to provide an innovative method and device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of enclosure structures, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

【发明内容】[Content of the invention]

本发明的目的在于提供一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法,其通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which can calculate the temperature and moisture content of the sample at different temperatures by changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution, and the quality changes of different parts. the vapor permeability coefficient.

本发明的另一目的在于提供一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,该装置结构简单、部件数量少、故障率低、使用简便、测试数据易得,能较为准确地测得围护结构多孔材料在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure. Vapor permeability coefficients of structural porous materials at different temperatures and moisture contents.

为实现上述第一目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法,其包括如下工艺步骤:In order to achieve the above-mentioned first purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which comprises the following process steps:

1),用试样固定环和紧固器固定围护结构多孔材料绝干试样,盖上上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖,用电子天平称取质量,记为m01), use the sample fixing ring and the fastener to fix the dry sample of the porous material of the enclosure structure, cover the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower temporary sealing cover, and weigh the mass with an electronic balance, which is recorded as m 0 ;

2),配置不同种类的饱和盐溶液或去离子水,分别注入下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分,卸下上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖,使下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接;2), configure different kinds of saturated salt solutions or deionized water, inject them into the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part respectively, remove the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower temporary sealing cover, so that the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part are removed The upper liquid holding part is connected with the sample fixing part by threads;

3),将下部空气参数测量模块与上部空气参数测量模块置入下部空气参数测量模块固定槽和上部空气参数测量模块固定槽中,将连接完毕的下部液体盛放部分、上部液体盛放部分与试样固定部件置于底座上,并盖上温度控制罩,形成电流通路,通过数据采集及温度控制模块设置实验温度T,开始实验;3), put the lower air parameter measurement module and the upper air parameter measurement module into the lower air parameter measurement module fixing slot and the upper air parameter measurement module fixing slot, and connect the connected lower liquid holding part and upper liquid holding part with The sample fixing part is placed on the base, and the temperature control cover is covered to form a current path, and the experimental temperature T is set through the data acquisition and temperature control module to start the experiment;

4),在第一阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次试样质量,直至两次称取结果相差不超过0.1%,将此时质量记为m,计算试样质量含水率,并记为ω,质量含水率计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000031
4) In the first stage, the sample mass is weighed with an electronic balance every 1 day until the difference between the two weighing results does not exceed 0.1%, the mass at this time is recorded as m, the moisture content of the sample mass is calculated, and Denoted as ω, the formula for calculating mass moisture content is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000031

5),在第二阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量,连续称量5天以上,记录下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量变化速率,并根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数以及下部液体盛放部分读出的空气层厚度计算在该含水率情况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数;5), in the second stage, take the quality of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part once every 1 day with an electronic balance, continuously weigh more than 5 days, and record the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part. The mass change rate, and according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module and the thickness of the air layer read out from the lower liquid holding part, the steam of the sample under the condition of the moisture content is calculated. permeability coefficient;

6),若需测量不同温度或含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,则更换饱和盐溶液种类,重复进行步骤2)~5)。6), if it is necessary to measure the steam permeability coefficient at different temperatures or moisture contents, change the type of saturated salt solution, and repeat steps 2) to 5).

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述步骤5)具体为:The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the step 5) is specifically:

5-1),假设此时试样下方密闭空间内相对湿度大于试样上方密闭空间内相对湿度,则下部液体盛放部分,上部液体盛放部分的质量增长速率为Gu,当Gd与Gu相差不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当Gd与Gu相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;将试样平行于水平面的表面面积记为A,计算单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率,并记为gv,单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000041
5-1), assuming that the relative humidity in the closed space below the sample is greater than the relative humidity in the closed space above the sample, the mass growth rate of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part is Gu , when G d and When the difference between G u does not exceed 5%, it is considered that the test process is correct, and the test continues; when the difference between G d and G u exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed, and it is necessary to reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and repeat the procedure from step 1) Start the test; denote the surface area of the sample parallel to the horizontal plane as A, calculate the steam transfer rate per unit area, and denote it as g v , the calculation formula of the steam transfer rate per unit area is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000041

5-2),根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数,上方空气参数为温度Tu、相对湿度

Figure BDA0003616249760000045
空气压力pu;下方空气参数为温度Td、相对湿度
Figure BDA0003616249760000046
空气压力pd;当T、Tu与Td间相差均不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当T、Tu与Td间相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;计算试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力,并分别记为pv,u和pv,d,试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力的计算公式分别为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000042
Figure BDA0003616249760000043
计算试样两侧水蒸气分压力差,并记为Δpv,水蒸气分压力差的计算公式为:Δpv=pv,d-pv,u;计算测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力,并记为Rtotal,测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力的计算公式为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000044
5-2), according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module, the air parameters above are temperature Tu , relative humidity
Figure BDA0003616249760000045
Air pressure p u ; the air parameters below are temperature T d , relative humidity
Figure BDA0003616249760000046
Air pressure p d ; when the difference between T, Tu and T d is not more than 5%, the test process is considered to be correct, and the test continues; when the difference between T, Tu and T d exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed , should reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and start the test again from step 1); calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample, and record them as p v,u and p v,d respectively, The formulas for calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample are:
Figure BDA0003616249760000042
and
Figure BDA0003616249760000043
Calculate the water vapor partial pressure difference on both sides of the sample, and denote it as Δp v . The calculation formula of the water vapor partial pressure difference is: Δp v =p v,d -p v,u ; Calculate the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device, And denoted as R total , the calculation formula of the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000044

5-3),根据下部液体盛放部分读出的下方空气层厚度,记为hair,d,并根据标准大气压p0与水蒸气的理想气体常数R计算下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,d,下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000051
读出上方空气层厚度,记为hair,u,计算上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,u,上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000052
5-3), according to the thickness of the lower air layer read from the lower liquid holding part, denoted as h air,d , and calculate the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer according to the standard atmospheric pressure p 0 and the ideal gas constant R of water vapor, and Denoted as R air,d , the formula for calculating the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000051
Read out the thickness of the upper air layer, denoted as h air,u , calculate the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer, and denote it as R air,u , the calculation formula of the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000052

5-4),将试样厚度记为h,计算试样蒸汽渗透系数,并记为δ,试样蒸汽渗透系数的计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000053
即得到了该试样在温度为T、含水率为ω情况下的蒸汽渗透系数。5-4), record the thickness of the sample as h, calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample, and record it as δ, the calculation formula of the sample vapor permeability coefficient is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000053
That is, the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under the condition of temperature T and moisture content ω is obtained.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述试样固定环由对称的两部分组成,其合拢时形成截面为正方形且上下贯通的空间;试样固定环与试样直接相接的表面附有软硅胶密封圈;试样固定环的对称两部分相接处设有插槽,通过紧固器将试样固定环的两部分紧密连接;所述试样固定环上、下表面均嵌有磁铁;所述试样固定环外周设有螺纹;螺纹中央设有翼状附属构件;翼状附属构件上下附有软硅胶密封圈,使下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the sample fixing ring is composed of two symmetrical parts, which form a space with a square cross section and an upper and lower connection when they are closed; the sample fixing ring is directly connected to the sample. A soft silicone sealing ring is attached to the connecting surface; a slot is provided at the junction of the two symmetrical parts of the sample fixing ring, and the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected by a fastener; The lower surface is embedded with magnets; the outer periphery of the sample fixing ring is provided with threads; the center of the threads is provided with a wing-shaped accessory member; the wing-shaped accessory member is attached with a soft silicone sealing ring up and down, so that the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part pass through The thread is connected with the sample fixing part to form a closed space.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述紧固器由上半部分和下半部分组成;上半部分截面为正方形;下半部分呈H形;下半部分完全插入试样固定环的空槽中,使试样固定环的两部分紧密连接。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the fastener is composed of an upper half and a lower half; the cross section of the upper half is square; the lower half is H-shaped; the lower half is completely inserted In the empty groove of the sample fixing ring, the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述下部液体盛放部分的壁面的顶部嵌有磁铁;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部,自底面起标有刻度线;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部设有下部空气参数测量模块固定槽,用于固定下部空气参数测量模块;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部较上部分设有螺纹;下部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,并形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: a magnet is embedded on the top of the wall surface of the lower liquid holding part; There is a lower air parameter measurement module fixing groove inside the wall of the holding part, which is used to fix the lower air parameter measurement module; the inner wall of the lower liquid holding part is provided with a thread on the upper part; the lower liquid holding part is connected to the sample through the screw thread. The fixed parts are connected and form a closed space.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述上部液体盛放部分的壁面的底部嵌有磁铁;上部液体盛放部分的内部连有溶液盛放槽;上部液体盛放部分的壁面内部设有上部空气参数测量模块固定槽,用于固定上部空气参数测量模块;上部溶液盛放部分的壁面内部较下部分设有螺纹;上部溶液盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,并形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: a magnet is embedded in the bottom of the wall surface of the upper liquid holding part; a solution holding tank is connected inside the upper liquid holding part; the upper liquid holding part is There is an upper air parameter measurement module fixing groove inside the wall surface of the tester, which is used to fix the upper air parameter measurement module; the lower part of the wall surface of the upper solution holding part is provided with a thread; the upper solution holding part is connected with the sample fixing part through the thread , and form a closed space.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述下部空气参数测量模块由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器集成得到,空气参数测量模块通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further: the lower air parameter measurement module is composed of a temperature sensor with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C, and a measurement range of not less than 0 to The relative humidity sensor with 100% RH and accuracy not less than ±3% RH, the measurement range of not less than 90000~110000Pa and the air pressure sensor with accuracy not less than 10Pa is integrated. The air parameter measurement module is connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires Directly connected, the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述上部空气参数测量模块由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器集成得到,空气参数测量模块通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further: the upper air parameter measurement module is composed of a temperature sensor with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C. The measurement range is not less than 0 to 85°C. The relative humidity sensor with 100% RH and accuracy not less than ±3% RH, the measurement range of not less than 90000~110000Pa and the air pressure sensor with accuracy not less than 10Pa is integrated. The air parameter measurement module is connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires Directly connected, the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug.

本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述温度控制罩由电加热层、保温材料层、外壳组合得到,温度控制罩通过导电插头与底座相连,并形成电流通路;所述底座通过导电插座与温度控制罩相连,并形成电流通路;底座通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the temperature control cover is obtained by combining an electric heating layer, a thermal insulation material layer and a shell, and the temperature control cover is connected to the base through a conductive plug to form a current path; The base is connected with the temperature control cover through a conductive socket and forms a current path; the base is directly connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires

为实现上述第二目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,其包括试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统:In order to achieve the above-mentioned second purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a steam permeability coefficient testing device for porous materials of an enclosure structure, which includes a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part, an air parameter recording and a temperature control system:

所述试样固定部件用于固定试样,其由试样固定环、紧固器、上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖组成;所述上侧临时密封盖的底面与所述下侧临时密封盖的顶面嵌有磁铁;The sample fixing part is used to fix the sample, and is composed of a sample fixing ring, a fastener, an upper temporary sealing cover and a lower temporary sealing cover; the bottom surface of the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower side The top surface of the temporary sealing cover is embedded with magnets;

所述下部部件由下部液体盛放部分和下部部件临时密封盖组成;所述下部部件临时密封盖的底面嵌有磁铁;The lower part is composed of a lower liquid holding part and a temporary sealing cover of the lower part; the bottom surface of the temporary sealing cover of the lower part is embedded with a magnet;

所述上部部件由上部液体盛放部分、顶盖和上部部件临时密封盖组成;所述顶盖四周附有厚的软硅胶密封圈;所述上部部件临时密封盖的顶面嵌有磁铁;The upper part is composed of an upper liquid holding part, a top cover and a temporary sealing cover of the upper part; a thick soft silicone sealing ring is attached around the top cover; the top surface of the temporary sealing cover of the upper part is embedded with a magnet;

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统由下部空气参数测量模块、上部空气参数测量模块、温度控制罩、底座和数据采集及温度控制模块组成;所述下部空气参数测量模块安装于下部液体盛放部分;所述上部空气参数测量模块安装于上部液体盛放部分;所述下部部件和下部部件收容于温度控制罩;所述温度控制罩和底座插接;所述数据采集及温度控制模块和下部空气参数测量模块、上部空气参数测量模块电性连接。The air parameter recording and temperature control system is composed of a lower air parameter measurement module, an upper air parameter measurement module, a temperature control cover, a base and a data acquisition and temperature control module; the lower air parameter measurement module is installed in the lower liquid holding part The upper air parameter measurement module is installed in the upper liquid holding part; the lower part and the lower part are accommodated in the temperature control cover; the temperature control cover and the base are plugged; the data acquisition and temperature control module and the lower air The parameter measurement module and the upper air parameter measurement module are electrically connected.

与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1.本发明通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数;同时,本发明可在无恒温恒湿箱等昂贵的大型设备辅助下完成测试,降低了测试条件。1. The present invention can calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample at different temperatures and moisture contents by changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution and the quality changes of different parts; at the same time, the present invention can be used without constant temperature and humidity. The test is completed with the aid of expensive large equipment such as a box, which reduces the test conditions.

2.本发明可较为方便地调节试样两侧空气相对湿度与温度,有利于测得试样在不同温度及含水率情况下的水蒸汽渗透系数,符合物理规律,亦有助于对围护结构内部湿传递的准确预测;2. The present invention can more conveniently adjust the relative humidity and temperature of the air on both sides of the sample, which is conducive to measuring the water vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under different temperatures and moisture contents, conforms to physical laws, and also helps to protect the enclosure. Accurate prediction of moisture transfer within structures;

3.本发明的测试装置结构简单、部件数量少、故障率低、单件造价低且可多件组合使用。此外,该测试方法简便、测试数据易得且较为准确;3. The testing device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, small number of components, low failure rate, low cost per piece, and can be used in combination with multiple pieces. In addition, the test method is simple, the test data is easy to obtain and relatively accurate;

4.本发明同一试样可多次利用,避免由于试样差异对测试结果的影响。4. The same sample of the present invention can be used multiple times to avoid the influence of sample differences on the test results.

【附图说明】【Description of drawings】

图1是本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure according to the present invention.

图2是本发明中的试样固定部件的剖面图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sample fixing member in the present invention.

图3-1是本发明中的试样固定部件与试样的立体分解图。3-1 is an exploded perspective view of the sample fixing member and the sample in the present invention.

图3-2是本发明中的试样固定部件、紧固器以及试样的立体图。3-2 is a perspective view of the sample fixing member, the fastener and the sample in the present invention.

图4是本发明中的下部部件的剖面图。4 is a cross-sectional view of a lower member in the present invention.

图5是本发明中的上部部件的剖面图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an upper member in the present invention.

图6是本发明中的空气参数记录及温度控制系统的剖面图。6 is a cross-sectional view of the air parameter recording and temperature control system in the present invention.

图7是本发明的局部剖面图。Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.

【具体实施方式】【Detailed ways】

请参阅说明书附图1至附图7所示,本发明为一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,其由试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统。Please refer to the accompanying drawings 1 to 7 of the description, the present invention is a test device for the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which consists of a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part, an air parameter recording and a temperature control system.

其中,所述试样固定部件的功能为固定试样,其由试样固定环1、紧固器2、上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4组成;所述上侧临时密封盖3的底面与所述下侧临时密封盖4的顶面嵌有磁铁3-1和4-1。The function of the sample fixing part is to fix the sample, which is composed of a sample fixing ring 1, a fastener 2, an upper temporary sealing cover 3 and a lower temporary sealing cover 4; the upper temporary sealing cover Magnets 3-1 and 4-1 are embedded in the bottom surface of 3 and the top surface of the lower temporary sealing cover 4.

进一步的,所述试样固定部件的中的试样固定环1由对称的两部分组成;试样固定环1合拢时形成截面为正方形且上下贯通的空间;试样固定环1与试样直接相接的表面附有软硅胶密封圈1-2;试样固定环1的对称两部分相接处设有插槽1-3,可通过紧固器2将试样固定环1的两部分紧密连接;试样固定环1上、下表面均嵌有磁铁1-4;试样固定环1外周设有螺纹1-5;螺纹1-5中央设有翼状附属构件1-6;翼状附属构件1-6上下附有软硅胶密封圈1-7,使下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接时,形成密闭空间。Further, the sample fixing ring 1 in the sample fixing part is composed of two symmetrical parts; when the sample fixing ring 1 is closed, a space with a square cross-section and up and down is formed; the sample fixing ring 1 is directly connected to the sample. A soft silicone sealing ring 1-2 is attached to the connecting surface; a slot 1-3 is provided at the junction of the symmetrical two parts of the sample fixing ring 1, and the two parts of the sample fixing ring 1 can be tightened by the fastener 2 Connection; the upper and lower surfaces of the sample fixing ring 1 are embedded with magnets 1-4; the outer periphery of the sample fixing ring 1 is provided with threads 1-5; the center of the thread 1-5 is provided with a wing-shaped accessory member 1-6; -6 Soft silicone sealing rings 1-7 are attached up and down to form a closed space when the lower liquid holding part 5 and the upper liquid holding part 7 are connected with the sample fixing part by threads.

所述紧固器2由上半部分2-1和下半部分2-2组成;上半部分2-1截面为正方形;下半部分2-2为“H”形;下半部分2-2可完全插入试样固定环1的空槽1-3中,使试样固定环1的两部分紧密连接。The fastener 2 is composed of an upper half part 2-1 and a lower half part 2-2; the upper half part 2-1 is square in section; the lower half part 2-2 is "H" shape; the lower half part 2-2 It can be completely inserted into the empty grooves 1-3 of the sample fixing ring 1, so that the two parts of the sample fixing ring 1 are tightly connected.

所述下部部件的功能为盛放饱和盐溶液或去离子水、读取液体高度和固定传感器,其由下部液体盛放部分5和下部部件临时密封盖6组成;所述下部部件临时密封盖6的底面嵌有磁铁6-1。The function of the lower part is to hold saturated salt solution or deionized water, read the liquid height and fix the sensor, which is composed of the lower liquid holding part 5 and the temporary sealing cover 6 of the lower part; the temporary sealing cover 6 of the lower part is composed of The bottom surface of the magnet 6-1 is embedded.

所述下部部件中的下部液体盛放部分5的壁面的顶部嵌有磁铁5-1;在下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部,自底面起标有刻度线5-2;在下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部设有下部空气参数测量模块固定槽5-3,用于固定下部空气参数测量模块10;下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部较上部分设有螺纹5-4;下部液体盛放部分5可通过螺纹5-4与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭空间。A magnet 5-1 is embedded on the top of the wall surface of the lower liquid holding part 5 in the lower part; inside the wall surface of the lower liquid holding part 5, a scale line 5-2 is marked from the bottom; The inner wall of the part 5 is provided with a lower air parameter measurement module fixing groove 5-3 for fixing the lower air parameter measurement module 10; the inner wall of the lower liquid holding part 5 is provided with a thread 5-4 on the upper part; The placing part 5 can be connected with the sample fixing part through the thread 5-4 to form a closed space.

所述上部部件的功能为盛放饱和盐溶液或去离子水和固定传感器,其由上部液体盛放部分7、顶盖8和上部部件临时密封盖9组成;所述顶盖8四周附有厚的软硅胶密封圈8-1;所述上部部件临时密封盖9的顶面嵌有磁铁9-1。The function of the upper part is to hold saturated salt solution or deionized water and fix the sensor, which is composed of the upper liquid holding part 7, the top cover 8 and the temporary sealing cover 9 of the upper part; The top surface of the temporary sealing cover 9 of the upper part is embedded with a magnet 9-1.

所述上部部件中的上部液体盛放部分7的壁面的底部嵌有磁铁7-1;上部液体盛放部分7的内部连有溶液盛放槽7-2;上部液体盛放部分7的壁面内部设有上部空气参数测量模块固定槽7-3,用于固定上部空气参数测量模块11;上部溶液盛放部分7的壁面内部较下部分设有螺纹7-4;上部溶液盛放部分7可通过螺纹7-4与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭空间。A magnet 7-1 is embedded in the bottom of the wall of the upper liquid holding part 7 in the upper part; the interior of the upper liquid holding part 7 is connected with a solution holding groove 7-2; the interior of the wall of the upper liquid holding part 7 There is an upper air parameter measurement module fixing groove 7-3 for fixing the upper air parameter measurement module 11; the lower part of the wall surface of the upper solution holding part 7 is provided with a thread 7-4; the upper solution holding part 7 can pass through The thread 7-4 is connected with the sample fixing part to form a closed space.

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统的功能为实时记录下部部件与上部部件中空气的温度、相对湿度与压力,其由下部空气参数测量模块10、上部空气参数测量模块11、温度控制罩12、底座13和数据采集及温度控制模块14组成。所述下部空气参数测量模块10安装于下部液体盛放部分5;所述上部空气参数测量模块11安装于上部液体盛放部分7。所述下部部件和下部部件收容于温度控制罩12内;所述温度控制罩12和底座13插接。所述数据采集及温度控制模块14和下部空气参数测量模块10、上部空气参数测量模块11电性连接,其能读取测量的各种参数。The function of the air parameter recording and temperature control system is to record the temperature, relative humidity and pressure of the air in the lower part and the upper part in real time. The base 13 is composed of a data acquisition and temperature control module 14 . The lower air parameter measurement module 10 is installed in the lower liquid holding part 5 ; the upper air parameter measurement module 11 is installed in the upper liquid holding part 7 . The lower part and the lower part are accommodated in the temperature control cover 12 ; the temperature control cover 12 and the base 13 are plugged. The data acquisition and temperature control module 14 is electrically connected with the lower air parameter measurement module 10 and the upper air parameter measurement module 11, which can read various parameters measured.

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的下部空气参数测量模块10由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器10-1,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器10-2,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器10-3集成得到,空气参数测量模块10通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞10-4。The lower air parameter measurement module 10 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system consists of a temperature sensor 10-1 with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C, and a measurement range of not less than 0 to 100% RH. , The relative humidity sensor 10-2 with an accuracy of not less than ±3%RH, a measurement range of not less than 90000-110000Pa, and an air pressure sensor 10-3 with an accuracy of not less than 10Pa are integrated. The air parameter measurement module 10 collects data through wires It is directly connected with the temperature control module 14, and the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug 10-4.

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的上部空气参数测量模块11由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器11-1,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器11-2,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器11-3集成得到,空气参数测量模块11通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞11-4。The upper air parameter measurement module 11 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system consists of a temperature sensor 11-1 with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C, and a measurement range of not less than 0 to 100% RH. , The relative humidity sensor 11-2 with an accuracy of not less than ±3%RH, the air pressure sensor 11-3 with a measurement range of not less than 90000-110000Pa and an accuracy of not less than 10Pa is integrated. The air parameter measurement module 11 collects data through wires It is directly connected with the temperature control module 14, and the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug 11-4.

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的温度控制罩12由电加热层12-1、保温材料层12-2、外壳12-3组合得到,温度控制罩12通过导电插头12-4与底座13相连,并形成电流通路。The temperature control cover 12 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system is obtained by combining the electric heating layer 12-1, the thermal insulation material layer 12-2 and the outer shell 12-3. The temperature control cover 12 is connected to the base 13 through the conductive plug 12-4. connected and form a current path.

所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的底座13通过导电插座13-1与温度控制罩12相连,并形成电流通路;底座13通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连。The base 13 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system is connected to the temperature control cover 12 through a conductive socket 13-1 to form a current path; the base 13 is directly connected to the data acquisition and temperature control module 14 through wires.

采用上述装置对围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法Test method for vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of building envelope by using the above device

1),试样固定环1和紧固器2固定围护结构多孔材料绝干试样,盖上上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4,用电子天平称取质量,记为m01), the sample fixing ring 1 and the fastener 2 fix the dry sample of the porous material of the enclosure structure, cover the upper temporary sealing cover 3 and the lower temporary sealing cover 4, and weigh the mass with an electronic balance, denoted as m 0 .

2),配置不同种类的饱和盐溶液或去离子水,分别注入下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7,卸下上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4,使下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接。2), configure different kinds of saturated salt solution or deionized water, inject the lower liquid holding part 5 and the upper liquid holding part 7 respectively, remove the upper temporary sealing cover 3 and the lower temporary sealing cover 4, and make the lower liquid The holding part 5 and the upper liquid holding part 7 are connected to the sample fixing part by threads.

3),下部空气参数测量模块10与上部空气参数测量模块11置入下部空气参数测量模块固定槽5-3和上部空气参数测量模块固定槽7-3,将连接完毕的下部液体盛放部分5、上部液体盛放部分7与试样固定部件置于底座13上,并盖上温度控制罩12,形成电流通路,通过数据采集及温度控制模块14设置实验温度T,开始实验。3), the lower air parameter measurement module 10 and the upper air parameter measurement module 11 are inserted into the lower air parameter measurement module fixing groove 5-3 and the upper air parameter measurement module fixing groove 7-3, and the connected lower liquid storage part 5 , The upper liquid holding part 7 and the sample fixing part are placed on the base 13, and the temperature control cover 12 is covered to form a current path, and the experiment temperature T is set through the data acquisition and temperature control module 14 to start the experiment.

4),在第一阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次试样质量连同试样固定环1、紧固器2、上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4一起称量,直至两次称取结果相差不超过0.1%,将此时质量记为m,计算试样质量含水率,并记为ω,质量含水率计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000121
4), in the first stage, the mass of the sample is weighed with an electronic balance every 1 day together with the sample fixing ring 1, the fastener 2, the upper temporary sealing cover 3 and the lower temporary sealing cover 4. Until the difference between the two weighing results does not exceed 0.1%, the mass at this time is recorded as m, the mass moisture content of the sample is calculated, and it is recorded as ω, and the calculation formula for mass moisture content is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000121

5),在第二阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量,连续称量5天以上,记录下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量变化速率,并根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数以及下部液体盛放部分读出的空气层厚度计算在该含水率情况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数。5), in the second stage, take the quality of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part once every 1 day with an electronic balance, continuously weigh more than 5 days, and record the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part. The mass change rate, and according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module and the thickness of the air layer read out from the lower liquid holding part, the steam of the sample under the condition of the moisture content is calculated. permeability coefficient.

具体包括如下工艺步骤:Specifically include the following process steps:

5-1),假设此时试样下方密闭空间内相对湿度大于试样上方密闭空间内相对湿度,则下部液体盛放部分,上部液体盛放部分的质量增长速率为Gu,当Gd与Gu相差不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当Gd与Gu相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;将试样平行于水平面的表面面积记为A,计算单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率,并记为gv,单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000122
5-1), assuming that the relative humidity in the closed space below the sample is greater than the relative humidity in the closed space above the sample, the mass growth rate of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part is Gu , when G d and When the difference between G u does not exceed 5%, it is considered that the test process is correct, and the test continues; when the difference between G d and G u exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed, and it is necessary to reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and repeat the procedure from step 1) Start the test; denote the surface area of the sample parallel to the horizontal plane as A, calculate the steam transfer rate per unit area, and denote it as g v , the calculation formula of the steam transfer rate per unit area is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000122

5-2),根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数,上方空气参数为温度Tu、相对湿度

Figure BDA0003616249760000137
空气压力pu;下方空气参数为温度Td、相对湿度
Figure BDA0003616249760000138
空气压力pd;当T、Tu与Td间相差均不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当T、Tu与Td间相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;计算试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力,并分别记为pv,u和pv,d,试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力的计算公式分别为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000131
Figure BDA0003616249760000132
计算试样两侧水蒸气分压力差,并记为Δpv,水蒸气分压力差的计算公式为:Δpv=pv,d-pv,u;计算测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力,并记为Rtotal,测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力的计算公式为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000133
5-2), according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module, the air parameters above are temperature Tu , relative humidity
Figure BDA0003616249760000137
Air pressure p u ; the air parameters below are temperature T d , relative humidity
Figure BDA0003616249760000138
Air pressure p d ; when the difference between T, Tu and T d is not more than 5%, the test process is considered to be correct, and the test continues; when the difference between T, Tu and T d exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed , should reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and start the test again from step 1); calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample, and record them as p v,u and p v,d respectively, The formulas for calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample are:
Figure BDA0003616249760000131
and
Figure BDA0003616249760000132
Calculate the water vapor partial pressure difference on both sides of the sample, and denote it as Δp v . The calculation formula of the water vapor partial pressure difference is: Δp v =p v,d -p v,u ; Calculate the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device, And denoted as R total , the calculation formula of the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000133

5-3),根据下部液体盛放部分读出的下方空气层厚度,记为hair,d,并根据标准大气压p0与水蒸气的理想气体常数R计算下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,d,下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000134
读出上方空气层厚度,记为hair,u,计算上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,u,上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:
Figure BDA0003616249760000135
5-3), according to the thickness of the lower air layer read from the lower liquid holding part, denoted as h air,d , and calculate the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer according to the standard atmospheric pressure p 0 and the ideal gas constant R of water vapor, and Denoted as R air,d , the formula for calculating the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000134
Read out the thickness of the upper air layer, denoted as h air,u , calculate the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer, and denote it as R air,u , the calculation formula of the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000135

5-4),将试样厚度记为h,计算试样蒸汽渗透系数,并记为δ,试样蒸汽渗透系数的计算公式为:

Figure BDA0003616249760000136
即得到了该试样在温度为T、含水率为ω情况下的蒸汽渗透系数。5-4), record the thickness of the sample as h, calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample, and record it as δ, the calculation formula of the sample vapor permeability coefficient is:
Figure BDA0003616249760000136
That is, the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under the condition of temperature T and moisture content ω is obtained.

6),若需测量不同温度或含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,则更换饱和盐溶液种类,重复进行步骤2)~5)。6), if it is necessary to measure the steam permeability coefficient at different temperatures or moisture contents, change the type of saturated salt solution, and repeat steps 2) to 5).

综上所述,本发明在被测试围护结构多孔材料的两侧设置两个不同工况空气环境的特点,并可分别监测和设置两个空气环境的温度、相对湿度与空气压力,用于测试围护结构多孔材料在多种工况温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,弥补了现有装置需要在恒温恒湿箱等大型设备辅助下方可测试的缺陷,有利于多工况测试的开展,也提高了测试结果的准确度。通过采用该装置和方法,可测得不同温度及含水率下围护结构多孔材料的蒸汽渗透系数,使对围护结构内部湿传递的预测结果更为准确且更符合实际情况,为建筑负荷评估、围护结构保温隔热隔汽等优化提供了较大帮助。To sum up, the present invention sets the characteristics of two air environments under different working conditions on both sides of the porous material of the enclosure under test, and can monitor and set the temperature, relative humidity and air pressure of the two air environments respectively, for The test of the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the envelope structure under various working conditions of temperature and moisture content makes up for the defect that the existing device needs to be tested with the aid of large equipment such as constant temperature and humidity chambers, which is conducive to the development of multi-working conditions testing. , which also improves the accuracy of the test results. By adopting the device and method, the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the envelope structure under different temperatures and moisture contents can be measured, so that the prediction result of the moisture transfer inside the envelope structure is more accurate and more in line with the actual situation, and it can be used for building load evaluation. , The optimization of thermal insulation and steam insulation of the envelope structure has provided great help.

以上的具体实施方式仅为本创作的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本创作,凡在本创作的精神及原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本创作的保护范围之内。The above specific embodiments are only preferred embodiments of this creation, and are not intended to limit this creation. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this creation shall be included in this creation. within the scope of protection.

Claims (10)

1. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of porous material of a building envelope is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following process steps:
1) fixing a porous material oven-dried sample of the enclosure structure by using a sample fixing ring and a fastener, covering an upper temporary sealing cover and a lower temporary sealing cover, weighing the mass by using an electronic balance, and recording the mass as m 0
2) Preparing different kinds of saturated salt solutions or deionized water, respectively injecting the saturated salt solutions or the deionized water into the lower liquid containing part and the upper liquid containing part, and detaching the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower temporary sealing cover to enable the lower liquid containing part and the upper liquid containing part to be connected with the sample fixing part through threads;
3) placing a lower air parameter measuring module and an upper air parameter measuring module into a lower air parameter measuring module fixing groove and an upper air parameter measuring module fixing groove, placing a connected lower liquid containing part, an upper liquid containing part and a sample fixing part on a base, covering a temperature control cover to form a current path, setting an experiment temperature T through a data acquisition and temperature control module, and starting an experiment;
4) in the first stage, the mass of the sample is weighed once every 1 day by using an electronic balance until the difference between the two weighing results is not more than 0.1%, the mass is recorded as m, the mass water content of the sample is calculated and recorded as omega, and the calculation formula of the mass water content is as follows:
Figure FDA0003616249750000011
5) in the second stage, the mass of the lower liquid containing part and the mass of the upper liquid containing part are weighed once every 1 day by an electronic balance, the change rate of the mass of the lower liquid containing part and the mass of the upper liquid containing part is recorded for more than 5 days continuously, and the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under the condition of the water content is calculated according to the air parameters in the two closed spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module and the thickness of the air layer read by the lower liquid containing part;
6) and if the vapor permeability coefficient under different temperatures or water contents needs to be measured, replacing the type of the saturated salt solution, and repeating the steps 2) to 5).
2. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 5) is specifically as follows:
5-1), assuming that the relative humidity in the closed space below the sample is higher than the relative humidity in the closed space above the sample, the mass growth rate of the lower liquid containing part and the upper liquid containing part is G u When G is d And G u When the difference is not more than 5%, the testing process is considered to be correct, and the testing is continued; when G is d And G u When the difference is more than 5%, the test is considered to fail, whether the connection of each part is tight or not is confirmed again, and the test is started again from the step 1); the surface area of the sample parallel to the horizontal plane is designated A, the vapor transmission rate per unit area is calculated and designated g v The vapor transfer rate per unit area is calculated by the formula:
Figure FDA0003616249750000021
5-2) according to the air parameters in the upper and lower closed spaces of the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module, wherein the upper air parameter is the temperature T u Relative humidity of
Figure FDA0003616249750000022
Air pressure p u (ii) a The lower air parameter is the temperature T d Relative humidity of
Figure FDA0003616249750000023
Air pressure p d (ii) a When T, T u And T d When the phase difference does not exceed 5%, the testing process is considered to be correct, and the testing is continued; when T, T u And T d When the difference is more than 5%, the test is considered to fail, whether the connection of each part is tight or not is confirmed again, and the test is started again from the step 1); calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in two closed spaces above and below the sample, and respectively recording as p v,u And p v,d The calculation formulas of the partial pressures of the water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample are respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0003616249750000024
and
Figure FDA0003616249750000025
calculating partial pressure difference of water vapor on two sides of the sample and recording the partial pressure difference as delta p v The calculation formula of the partial pressure difference of the water vapor is as follows: Δ p v =p v,d -p v,u (ii) a The total resistance to vapor transmission in the test unit was calculated and recorded as R total The calculation formula of the total resistance to steam transmission in the test unit is:
Figure FDA0003616249750000031
5-3), the thickness of the lower air layer, recorded as h, read from the lower liquid containing part air,d And according to the standard atmospheric pressure p 0 The vapor transmission resistance of the underlying air layer was calculated from the ideal gas constant R for water vapor and is noted as R air,d The calculation formula of the steam transfer resistance of the lower air layer is as follows:
Figure FDA0003616249750000032
read the thickness of the upper air layer, and record as h air,u The vapor transmission resistance of the upper air layer is calculated and is denoted as R air,u The formula for calculating the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer is as follows:
Figure FDA0003616249750000033
5-4), recording the thickness of the sample as h, calculating the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample as delta, and calculating the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample according to the formula:
Figure FDA0003616249750000034
that is, the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample was obtained at a temperature T and a water content ω.
3. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sample fixing ring consists of two symmetrical parts, and a space which is square in section and is through up and down is formed when the sample fixing ring is folded; the surface of the sample fixing ring directly connected with the sample is attached with a soft silica gel sealing ring; slots are arranged at the joint of the two symmetrical parts of the sample fixing ring, and the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected through a fastener; magnets are embedded on the upper surface and the lower surface of the sample fixing ring; the periphery of the sample fixing ring is provided with threads; wing-shaped accessory components are arranged in the center of the thread; the upper part and the lower part of the wing-shaped accessory component are respectively provided with a soft silica gel sealing ring, so that the lower liquid containing part and the upper liquid containing part are connected with the sample fixing part through threads to form a closed space.
4. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of porous material of a building envelope according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fastener consists of an upper half part and a lower half part; the section of the upper half part is square; the lower half part is in an H shape; the lower half part is completely inserted into the empty groove of the sample fixing ring, so that the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected.
5. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: a magnet is embedded at the top of the wall surface of the lower liquid containing part; the inner part of the wall surface of the lower liquid containing part is marked with scale marks from the bottom surface; a lower air parameter measuring module fixing groove is formed in the wall surface of the lower liquid containing part and used for fixing the lower air parameter measuring module; the upper part of the inner wall surface of the lower liquid containing part is provided with threads; the lower liquid containing part is connected with the sample fixing part through threads and forms a closed space.
6. The envelope porous material vapor permeability coefficient test method of claim 1, characterized in that: a magnet is embedded at the bottom of the wall surface of the upper liquid containing part; the inside of the upper liquid containing part is connected with a solution containing groove; an upper air parameter measuring module fixing groove is formed in the wall surface of the upper liquid containing part and used for fixing an upper air parameter measuring module; the lower part of the inner wall surface of the upper solution containing part is provided with threads; the upper solution containing part is connected with the sample fixing part through threads and forms a closed space.
7. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the lower air parameter measuring module is formed by integrating a temperature sensor with a measuring range of not less than 0-85 ℃ and a precision of not less than +/-0.5 ℃, a relative humidity sensor with a measuring range of not less than 0-100% RH and a precision of not less than +/-3% RH, and an air pressure sensor with a measuring range of not less than 90000-110000 Pa and a precision of not less than 10Pa, the air parameter measuring module is directly connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through an electric wire, and a silica gel soft plug is sleeved on a wiring.
8. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper air parameter measuring module is formed by integrating a temperature sensor with a measuring range of not less than 0-85 ℃ and a precision of not less than +/-0.5 ℃, a relative humidity sensor with a measuring range of not less than 0-100% RH and a precision of not less than +/-3% RH, and an air pressure sensor with a measuring range of not less than 90000-110000 Pa and a precision of not less than 10Pa, the air parameter measuring module is directly connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through an electric wire, and a silica gel soft plug is sleeved on a wiring.
9. A method for testing vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of a building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature control cover is formed by combining an electric heating layer, a heat insulation material layer and a shell, and is connected with the base through a conductive plug to form a current path; the base is connected with the temperature control cover through the conductive socket and forms a current path; the base is directly connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through an electric wire.
10. The utility model provides a building envelope porous material vapor permeability coefficient testing arrangement which characterized in that: the device comprises a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part and an air parameter recording and temperature control system:
the sample fixing part is used for fixing a sample and consists of a sample fixing ring, a fastener, an upper temporary sealing cover and a lower temporary sealing cover; magnets are embedded in the bottom surface of the upper temporary sealing cover and the top surface of the lower temporary sealing cover;
the lower part consists of a lower liquid containing part and a lower part temporary sealing cover; a magnet is embedded in the bottom surface of the lower part temporary sealing cover;
the upper part consists of an upper liquid containing part, a top cover and an upper part temporary sealing cover; thick soft silica gel sealing rings are attached to the periphery of the top cover; a magnet is embedded on the top surface of the temporary sealing cover of the upper part component;
the air parameter recording and temperature control system consists of a lower air parameter measuring module, an upper air parameter measuring module, a temperature control cover, a base and a data acquisition and temperature control module; the lower air parameter measuring module is arranged on the lower liquid containing part; the upper air parameter measuring module is arranged on the upper liquid containing part; the lower part and the lower part are accommodated in the temperature control cover; the temperature control cover is inserted into the base; the data acquisition and temperature control module is electrically connected with the lower air parameter measuring module and the upper air parameter measuring module.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115711913A (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-02-24 浙江大学 Method for measuring thermal resistance and wet resistance of multi-size building envelope structure member based on building wind tunnel
CN116930042A (en) * 2023-09-19 2023-10-24 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115711913A (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-02-24 浙江大学 Method for measuring thermal resistance and wet resistance of multi-size building envelope structure member based on building wind tunnel
CN116930042A (en) * 2023-09-19 2023-10-24 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method
CN116930042B (en) * 2023-09-19 2023-12-01 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method

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