CN114910402A - Method and device for testing vapor permeability coefficient of porous material of building envelope - Google Patents
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 46
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- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,其由试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统组成。试样固定部件包括试样固定环和紧固器,用于固定合适尺寸的多孔材料试样。下部部件与上部部件用于容纳两种不同的饱和盐溶液,与试样固定部件相接,并分别形成位于试样上方与下方的两个密闭空间,使多孔材料试样两侧保持较为恒定的相对湿度梯度。空气参数记录及温度控制系统用于实时记录测试过程中试样两侧的空气参数,并将空气温度控制至设定值。本发明通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。
The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which consists of a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part, an air parameter recording and a temperature control system. Specimen-holding components include specimen-retaining rings and fasteners for holding appropriately sized specimens of porous material. The lower part and the upper part are used to accommodate two different saturated salt solutions, connect with the sample fixing part, and form two closed spaces above and below the sample respectively, so that the two sides of the porous material sample can be kept relatively constant. Relative Humidity Gradient. The air parameter recording and temperature control system is used to record the air parameters on both sides of the sample in real time during the test, and control the air temperature to the set value. By changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution and the quality change of different parts, the invention can calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under different temperatures and water contents.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及一种建筑材料性能的测试方法及装置,具体涉及一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,属于建筑工程技术领域。The invention relates to a method and a device for testing the performance of building materials, in particular to a method and device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of a porous material of an enclosure structure, and belongs to the technical field of construction engineering.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
除热量外,水分也会通过建筑围护结构传入室内,并在围护结构中蓄积、释放,改变了围护结构的热湿物性参数与室内热湿环境,进而对供暖空调能耗、室内人体舒适度、围护结构表面与内部的霉变及冷凝产生了影响。蒸汽渗透系数表征了水蒸气在材料中传递速度的快慢,确定该参数对衡量围护结构内湿传递造成的影响至关重要。In addition to heat, moisture will also be introduced into the room through the building envelope, and accumulated and released in the envelope, which changes the thermal and moisture physical parameters of the envelope and the indoor thermal and humidity environment, which in turn affects the energy consumption of heating and air conditioning, and the indoor heat and humidity. Human comfort, mildew and condensation on the exterior and interior of the envelope had an impact. The vapor permeability coefficient characterizes the speed of water vapor transfer in the material, and determining this parameter is crucial to measure the impact of moisture transfer in the building envelope.
然而,材料的蒸汽渗透系数会随该材料温度与含水率的不同而变化。我国幅员辽阔,建筑气候分区多样,当地区与季节发生改变时,材料的蒸汽渗透系数亦发生较大变化。因此,在衡量围护结构内湿传递造成的影响时,不应将蒸汽渗透系数视作常数;在测试蒸汽渗透系数时,也应测试其在不同温度与含水率情况下的具体数值。However, the vapor permeability coefficient of a material will vary with the temperature and moisture content of the material. my country has a vast territory and various building climate zones. When the regions and seasons change, the vapor permeability coefficient of materials also changes greatly. Therefore, when measuring the effect of moisture transfer in the building envelope, the vapor permeability coefficient should not be regarded as a constant; when testing the vapor permeability coefficient, its specific value under different temperature and moisture content should also be tested.
当前国际与国内主要采用干/湿杯法测量蒸汽渗透系数,其大致过程为:在一敞口容器中注入一定量的饱和盐溶液,将待测试样平放于容器开口处,用胶带、环氧树脂、石蜡等材料固定试样与敞口容器,再将其置于恒温恒湿箱中,使试样两侧空气存在恒定且尽可能小的相对湿度梯度,通过饱和盐溶液的增重/减重速率计算得到试样的蒸汽渗透系数,并将其表达为环境相对湿度的单值函数。At present, the dry/wet cup method is mainly used at home and abroad to measure the steam permeability coefficient. The sample and the open container are fixed with epoxy resin, paraffin and other materials, and then placed in a constant temperature and humidity box, so that the air on both sides of the sample has a constant and as small a relative humidity gradient as possible. The vapor permeability coefficient of the sample was obtained by calculating the weight loss rate, and it was expressed as a single-valued function of the relative humidity of the environment.
从上述测试过程可以看出,传统的测试装置还存在如下不足:1)传统的测试装置仅控制试样一侧的相对湿度,试样另一侧的相对湿度则需由恒温恒湿箱控制,耗资高、占地面积大;2)难以直接测量杯内液面高度与空气层厚度,不便修正空气中蒸汽传递阻力的影响;3)试样与敞口容器间为一次性固定,试样不能重复利用:4)难以快速地调整试样两侧空气的相对湿度与温度,不利于测试多种工况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数。除测试装置外,传统的测试方法也值得改进:1)将蒸汽渗透系数表达为相对湿度的单值函数,不符合物理规律,应表达为温度与含水率的函数;2)由于多种因素的影响,饱和盐溶液或恒温恒湿箱所营造相对湿度并不与理论值完全相同,唯有直接测出试样两侧的空气参数(温度、相对湿度与空气压力)方可准确算得试样在该工况下的蒸汽渗透系数。It can be seen from the above test process that the traditional test device still has the following deficiencies: 1) The traditional test device only controls the relative humidity on one side of the sample, and the relative humidity on the other side of the sample needs to be controlled by a constant temperature and humidity chamber, High cost and large footprint; 2) It is difficult to directly measure the height of the liquid level in the cup and the thickness of the air layer, and it is inconvenient to correct the influence of the vapor transmission resistance in the air; 3) The sample and the open container are fixed at one time, and the sample cannot be Reuse: 4) It is difficult to quickly adjust the relative humidity and temperature of the air on both sides of the sample, which is not conducive to testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under various working conditions. In addition to the test device, the traditional test method is also worth improving: 1) the vapor permeability coefficient is expressed as a single-valued function of relative humidity, which does not conform to physical laws, and should be expressed as a function of temperature and moisture content; 2) due to various factors Influence, the relative humidity created by the saturated salt solution or the constant temperature and humidity box is not exactly the same as the theoretical value. Only by directly measuring the air parameters (temperature, relative humidity and air pressure) on both sides of the sample can the sample be accurately calculated. The vapor permeability coefficient under this condition.
因此,为解决上述技术问题,确有必要提供一种创新的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法及装置,以克服现有技术中的所述缺陷。Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, it is indeed necessary to provide an innovative method and device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of enclosure structures, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.
【发明内容】[Content of the invention]
本发明的目的在于提供一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法,其通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which can calculate the temperature and moisture content of the sample at different temperatures by changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution, and the quality changes of different parts. the vapor permeability coefficient.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,该装置结构简单、部件数量少、故障率低、使用简便、测试数据易得,能较为准确地测得围护结构多孔材料在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数。Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure. Vapor permeability coefficients of structural porous materials at different temperatures and moisture contents.
为实现上述第一目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法,其包括如下工艺步骤:In order to achieve the above-mentioned first purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of an enclosure structure, which comprises the following process steps:
1),用试样固定环和紧固器固定围护结构多孔材料绝干试样,盖上上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖,用电子天平称取质量,记为m0;1), use the sample fixing ring and the fastener to fix the dry sample of the porous material of the enclosure structure, cover the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower temporary sealing cover, and weigh the mass with an electronic balance, which is recorded as m 0 ;
2),配置不同种类的饱和盐溶液或去离子水,分别注入下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分,卸下上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖,使下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接;2), configure different kinds of saturated salt solutions or deionized water, inject them into the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part respectively, remove the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower temporary sealing cover, so that the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part are removed The upper liquid holding part is connected with the sample fixing part by threads;
3),将下部空气参数测量模块与上部空气参数测量模块置入下部空气参数测量模块固定槽和上部空气参数测量模块固定槽中,将连接完毕的下部液体盛放部分、上部液体盛放部分与试样固定部件置于底座上,并盖上温度控制罩,形成电流通路,通过数据采集及温度控制模块设置实验温度T,开始实验;3), put the lower air parameter measurement module and the upper air parameter measurement module into the lower air parameter measurement module fixing slot and the upper air parameter measurement module fixing slot, and connect the connected lower liquid holding part and upper liquid holding part with The sample fixing part is placed on the base, and the temperature control cover is covered to form a current path, and the experimental temperature T is set through the data acquisition and temperature control module to start the experiment;
4),在第一阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次试样质量,直至两次称取结果相差不超过0.1%,将此时质量记为m,计算试样质量含水率,并记为ω,质量含水率计算公式为: 4) In the first stage, the sample mass is weighed with an electronic balance every 1 day until the difference between the two weighing results does not exceed 0.1%, the mass at this time is recorded as m, the moisture content of the sample mass is calculated, and Denoted as ω, the formula for calculating mass moisture content is:
5),在第二阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量,连续称量5天以上,记录下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量变化速率,并根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数以及下部液体盛放部分读出的空气层厚度计算在该含水率情况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数;5), in the second stage, take the quality of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part once every 1 day with an electronic balance, continuously weigh more than 5 days, and record the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part. The mass change rate, and according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module and the thickness of the air layer read out from the lower liquid holding part, the steam of the sample under the condition of the moisture content is calculated. permeability coefficient;
6),若需测量不同温度或含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,则更换饱和盐溶液种类,重复进行步骤2)~5)。6), if it is necessary to measure the steam permeability coefficient at different temperatures or moisture contents, change the type of saturated salt solution, and repeat steps 2) to 5).
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述步骤5)具体为:The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the step 5) is specifically:
5-1),假设此时试样下方密闭空间内相对湿度大于试样上方密闭空间内相对湿度,则下部液体盛放部分,上部液体盛放部分的质量增长速率为Gu,当Gd与Gu相差不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当Gd与Gu相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;将试样平行于水平面的表面面积记为A,计算单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率,并记为gv,单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率计算公式为: 5-1), assuming that the relative humidity in the closed space below the sample is greater than the relative humidity in the closed space above the sample, the mass growth rate of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part is Gu , when G d and When the difference between G u does not exceed 5%, it is considered that the test process is correct, and the test continues; when the difference between G d and G u exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed, and it is necessary to reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and repeat the procedure from step 1) Start the test; denote the surface area of the sample parallel to the horizontal plane as A, calculate the steam transfer rate per unit area, and denote it as g v , the calculation formula of the steam transfer rate per unit area is:
5-2),根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数,上方空气参数为温度Tu、相对湿度空气压力pu;下方空气参数为温度Td、相对湿度空气压力pd;当T、Tu与Td间相差均不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当T、Tu与Td间相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;计算试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力,并分别记为pv,u和pv,d,试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力的计算公式分别为:和计算试样两侧水蒸气分压力差,并记为Δpv,水蒸气分压力差的计算公式为:Δpv=pv,d-pv,u;计算测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力,并记为Rtotal,测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力的计算公式为: 5-2), according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module, the air parameters above are temperature Tu , relative humidity Air pressure p u ; the air parameters below are temperature T d , relative humidity Air pressure p d ; when the difference between T, Tu and T d is not more than 5%, the test process is considered to be correct, and the test continues; when the difference between T, Tu and T d exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed , should reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and start the test again from step 1); calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample, and record them as p v,u and p v,d respectively, The formulas for calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample are: and Calculate the water vapor partial pressure difference on both sides of the sample, and denote it as Δp v . The calculation formula of the water vapor partial pressure difference is: Δp v =p v,d -p v,u ; Calculate the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device, And denoted as R total , the calculation formula of the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device is:
5-3),根据下部液体盛放部分读出的下方空气层厚度,记为hair,d,并根据标准大气压p0与水蒸气的理想气体常数R计算下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,d,下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:读出上方空气层厚度,记为hair,u,计算上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,u,上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为: 5-3), according to the thickness of the lower air layer read from the lower liquid holding part, denoted as h air,d , and calculate the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer according to the standard atmospheric pressure p 0 and the ideal gas constant R of water vapor, and Denoted as R air,d , the formula for calculating the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer is: Read out the thickness of the upper air layer, denoted as h air,u , calculate the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer, and denote it as R air,u , the calculation formula of the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer is:
5-4),将试样厚度记为h,计算试样蒸汽渗透系数,并记为δ,试样蒸汽渗透系数的计算公式为:即得到了该试样在温度为T、含水率为ω情况下的蒸汽渗透系数。5-4), record the thickness of the sample as h, calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample, and record it as δ, the calculation formula of the sample vapor permeability coefficient is: That is, the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under the condition of temperature T and moisture content ω is obtained.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述试样固定环由对称的两部分组成,其合拢时形成截面为正方形且上下贯通的空间;试样固定环与试样直接相接的表面附有软硅胶密封圈;试样固定环的对称两部分相接处设有插槽,通过紧固器将试样固定环的两部分紧密连接;所述试样固定环上、下表面均嵌有磁铁;所述试样固定环外周设有螺纹;螺纹中央设有翼状附属构件;翼状附属构件上下附有软硅胶密封圈,使下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the sample fixing ring is composed of two symmetrical parts, which form a space with a square cross section and an upper and lower connection when they are closed; the sample fixing ring is directly connected to the sample. A soft silicone sealing ring is attached to the connecting surface; a slot is provided at the junction of the two symmetrical parts of the sample fixing ring, and the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected by a fastener; The lower surface is embedded with magnets; the outer periphery of the sample fixing ring is provided with threads; the center of the threads is provided with a wing-shaped accessory member; the wing-shaped accessory member is attached with a soft silicone sealing ring up and down, so that the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part pass through The thread is connected with the sample fixing part to form a closed space.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述紧固器由上半部分和下半部分组成;上半部分截面为正方形;下半部分呈H形;下半部分完全插入试样固定环的空槽中,使试样固定环的两部分紧密连接。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the fastener is composed of an upper half and a lower half; the cross section of the upper half is square; the lower half is H-shaped; the lower half is completely inserted In the empty groove of the sample fixing ring, the two parts of the sample fixing ring are tightly connected.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述下部液体盛放部分的壁面的顶部嵌有磁铁;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部,自底面起标有刻度线;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部设有下部空气参数测量模块固定槽,用于固定下部空气参数测量模块;下部液体盛放部分的壁面内部较上部分设有螺纹;下部液体盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,并形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: a magnet is embedded on the top of the wall surface of the lower liquid holding part; There is a lower air parameter measurement module fixing groove inside the wall of the holding part, which is used to fix the lower air parameter measurement module; the inner wall of the lower liquid holding part is provided with a thread on the upper part; the lower liquid holding part is connected to the sample through the screw thread. The fixed parts are connected and form a closed space.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述上部液体盛放部分的壁面的底部嵌有磁铁;上部液体盛放部分的内部连有溶液盛放槽;上部液体盛放部分的壁面内部设有上部空气参数测量模块固定槽,用于固定上部空气参数测量模块;上部溶液盛放部分的壁面内部较下部分设有螺纹;上部溶液盛放部分通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接,并形成密闭的空间。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: a magnet is embedded in the bottom of the wall surface of the upper liquid holding part; a solution holding tank is connected inside the upper liquid holding part; the upper liquid holding part is There is an upper air parameter measurement module fixing groove inside the wall surface of the tester, which is used to fix the upper air parameter measurement module; the lower part of the wall surface of the upper solution holding part is provided with a thread; the upper solution holding part is connected with the sample fixing part through the thread , and form a closed space.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述下部空气参数测量模块由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器集成得到,空气参数测量模块通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further: the lower air parameter measurement module is composed of a temperature sensor with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C, and a measurement range of not less than 0 to The relative humidity sensor with 100% RH and accuracy not less than ±3% RH, the measurement range of not less than 90000~110000Pa and the air pressure sensor with accuracy not less than 10Pa is integrated. The air parameter measurement module is connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires Directly connected, the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述上部空气参数测量模块由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器集成得到,空气参数测量模块通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞。The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further: the upper air parameter measurement module is composed of a temperature sensor with a measurement range of not less than 0 to 85°C and an accuracy of not less than ±0.5°C. The measurement range is not less than 0 to 85°C. The relative humidity sensor with 100% RH and accuracy not less than ±3% RH, the measurement range of not less than 90000~110000Pa and the air pressure sensor with accuracy not less than 10Pa is integrated. The air parameter measurement module is connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires Directly connected, the wiring is covered with a silicone soft plug.
本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法进一步为:所述温度控制罩由电加热层、保温材料层、外壳组合得到,温度控制罩通过导电插头与底座相连,并形成电流通路;所述底座通过导电插座与温度控制罩相连,并形成电流通路;底座通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块直接相连The method for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure of the present invention is further as follows: the temperature control cover is obtained by combining an electric heating layer, a thermal insulation material layer and a shell, and the temperature control cover is connected to the base through a conductive plug to form a current path; The base is connected with the temperature control cover through a conductive socket and forms a current path; the base is directly connected with the data acquisition and temperature control module through wires
为实现上述第二目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,其包括试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统:In order to achieve the above-mentioned second purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a steam permeability coefficient testing device for porous materials of an enclosure structure, which includes a sample fixing part, a lower part, an upper part, an air parameter recording and a temperature control system:
所述试样固定部件用于固定试样,其由试样固定环、紧固器、上侧临时密封盖和下侧临时密封盖组成;所述上侧临时密封盖的底面与所述下侧临时密封盖的顶面嵌有磁铁;The sample fixing part is used to fix the sample, and is composed of a sample fixing ring, a fastener, an upper temporary sealing cover and a lower temporary sealing cover; the bottom surface of the upper temporary sealing cover and the lower side The top surface of the temporary sealing cover is embedded with magnets;
所述下部部件由下部液体盛放部分和下部部件临时密封盖组成;所述下部部件临时密封盖的底面嵌有磁铁;The lower part is composed of a lower liquid holding part and a temporary sealing cover of the lower part; the bottom surface of the temporary sealing cover of the lower part is embedded with a magnet;
所述上部部件由上部液体盛放部分、顶盖和上部部件临时密封盖组成;所述顶盖四周附有厚的软硅胶密封圈;所述上部部件临时密封盖的顶面嵌有磁铁;The upper part is composed of an upper liquid holding part, a top cover and a temporary sealing cover of the upper part; a thick soft silicone sealing ring is attached around the top cover; the top surface of the temporary sealing cover of the upper part is embedded with a magnet;
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统由下部空气参数测量模块、上部空气参数测量模块、温度控制罩、底座和数据采集及温度控制模块组成;所述下部空气参数测量模块安装于下部液体盛放部分;所述上部空气参数测量模块安装于上部液体盛放部分;所述下部部件和下部部件收容于温度控制罩;所述温度控制罩和底座插接;所述数据采集及温度控制模块和下部空气参数测量模块、上部空气参数测量模块电性连接。The air parameter recording and temperature control system is composed of a lower air parameter measurement module, an upper air parameter measurement module, a temperature control cover, a base and a data acquisition and temperature control module; the lower air parameter measurement module is installed in the lower liquid holding part The upper air parameter measurement module is installed in the upper liquid holding part; the lower part and the lower part are accommodated in the temperature control cover; the temperature control cover and the base are plugged; the data acquisition and temperature control module and the lower air The parameter measurement module and the upper air parameter measurement module are electrically connected.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1.本发明通过改变设定温度、饱和盐溶液的种类及不同部件的质量变化情况,可计算得到试样在不同温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数;同时,本发明可在无恒温恒湿箱等昂贵的大型设备辅助下完成测试,降低了测试条件。1. The present invention can calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample at different temperatures and moisture contents by changing the set temperature, the type of saturated salt solution and the quality changes of different parts; at the same time, the present invention can be used without constant temperature and humidity. The test is completed with the aid of expensive large equipment such as a box, which reduces the test conditions.
2.本发明可较为方便地调节试样两侧空气相对湿度与温度,有利于测得试样在不同温度及含水率情况下的水蒸汽渗透系数,符合物理规律,亦有助于对围护结构内部湿传递的准确预测;2. The present invention can more conveniently adjust the relative humidity and temperature of the air on both sides of the sample, which is conducive to measuring the water vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under different temperatures and moisture contents, conforms to physical laws, and also helps to protect the enclosure. Accurate prediction of moisture transfer within structures;
3.本发明的测试装置结构简单、部件数量少、故障率低、单件造价低且可多件组合使用。此外,该测试方法简便、测试数据易得且较为准确;3. The testing device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, small number of components, low failure rate, low cost per piece, and can be used in combination with multiple pieces. In addition, the test method is simple, the test data is easy to obtain and relatively accurate;
4.本发明同一试样可多次利用,避免由于试样差异对测试结果的影响。4. The same sample of the present invention can be used multiple times to avoid the influence of sample differences on the test results.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1是本发明的围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus for testing the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the enclosure structure according to the present invention.
图2是本发明中的试样固定部件的剖面图。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sample fixing member in the present invention.
图3-1是本发明中的试样固定部件与试样的立体分解图。3-1 is an exploded perspective view of the sample fixing member and the sample in the present invention.
图3-2是本发明中的试样固定部件、紧固器以及试样的立体图。3-2 is a perspective view of the sample fixing member, the fastener and the sample in the present invention.
图4是本发明中的下部部件的剖面图。4 is a cross-sectional view of a lower member in the present invention.
图5是本发明中的上部部件的剖面图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an upper member in the present invention.
图6是本发明中的空气参数记录及温度控制系统的剖面图。6 is a cross-sectional view of the air parameter recording and temperature control system in the present invention.
图7是本发明的局部剖面图。Fig. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
【具体实施方式】【Detailed ways】
请参阅说明书附图1至附图7所示,本发明为一种围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试装置,其由试样固定部件、下部部件、上部部件、空气参数记录及温度控制系统。Please refer to the accompanying
其中,所述试样固定部件的功能为固定试样,其由试样固定环1、紧固器2、上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4组成;所述上侧临时密封盖3的底面与所述下侧临时密封盖4的顶面嵌有磁铁3-1和4-1。The function of the sample fixing part is to fix the sample, which is composed of a
进一步的,所述试样固定部件的中的试样固定环1由对称的两部分组成;试样固定环1合拢时形成截面为正方形且上下贯通的空间;试样固定环1与试样直接相接的表面附有软硅胶密封圈1-2;试样固定环1的对称两部分相接处设有插槽1-3,可通过紧固器2将试样固定环1的两部分紧密连接;试样固定环1上、下表面均嵌有磁铁1-4;试样固定环1外周设有螺纹1-5;螺纹1-5中央设有翼状附属构件1-6;翼状附属构件1-6上下附有软硅胶密封圈1-7,使下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接时,形成密闭空间。Further, the
所述紧固器2由上半部分2-1和下半部分2-2组成;上半部分2-1截面为正方形;下半部分2-2为“H”形;下半部分2-2可完全插入试样固定环1的空槽1-3中,使试样固定环1的两部分紧密连接。The
所述下部部件的功能为盛放饱和盐溶液或去离子水、读取液体高度和固定传感器,其由下部液体盛放部分5和下部部件临时密封盖6组成;所述下部部件临时密封盖6的底面嵌有磁铁6-1。The function of the lower part is to hold saturated salt solution or deionized water, read the liquid height and fix the sensor, which is composed of the lower
所述下部部件中的下部液体盛放部分5的壁面的顶部嵌有磁铁5-1;在下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部,自底面起标有刻度线5-2;在下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部设有下部空气参数测量模块固定槽5-3,用于固定下部空气参数测量模块10;下部液体盛放部分5的壁面内部较上部分设有螺纹5-4;下部液体盛放部分5可通过螺纹5-4与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭空间。A magnet 5-1 is embedded on the top of the wall surface of the lower
所述上部部件的功能为盛放饱和盐溶液或去离子水和固定传感器,其由上部液体盛放部分7、顶盖8和上部部件临时密封盖9组成;所述顶盖8四周附有厚的软硅胶密封圈8-1;所述上部部件临时密封盖9的顶面嵌有磁铁9-1。The function of the upper part is to hold saturated salt solution or deionized water and fix the sensor, which is composed of the upper
所述上部部件中的上部液体盛放部分7的壁面的底部嵌有磁铁7-1;上部液体盛放部分7的内部连有溶液盛放槽7-2;上部液体盛放部分7的壁面内部设有上部空气参数测量模块固定槽7-3,用于固定上部空气参数测量模块11;上部溶液盛放部分7的壁面内部较下部分设有螺纹7-4;上部溶液盛放部分7可通过螺纹7-4与试样固定部件连接,形成密闭空间。A magnet 7-1 is embedded in the bottom of the wall of the upper
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统的功能为实时记录下部部件与上部部件中空气的温度、相对湿度与压力,其由下部空气参数测量模块10、上部空气参数测量模块11、温度控制罩12、底座13和数据采集及温度控制模块14组成。所述下部空气参数测量模块10安装于下部液体盛放部分5;所述上部空气参数测量模块11安装于上部液体盛放部分7。所述下部部件和下部部件收容于温度控制罩12内;所述温度控制罩12和底座13插接。所述数据采集及温度控制模块14和下部空气参数测量模块10、上部空气参数测量模块11电性连接,其能读取测量的各种参数。The function of the air parameter recording and temperature control system is to record the temperature, relative humidity and pressure of the air in the lower part and the upper part in real time. The
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的下部空气参数测量模块10由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器10-1,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器10-2,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器10-3集成得到,空气参数测量模块10通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞10-4。The lower air
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的上部空气参数测量模块11由测量范围不小于0~85℃、精度不低于±0.5℃的温度传感器11-1,测量范围不小于0~100%RH、精度不低于±3%RH的相对湿度传感器11-2,测量范围不小于90000~110000Pa、精度不低于10Pa的空气压力传感器11-3集成得到,空气参数测量模块11通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连,接线上套有硅胶软塞11-4。The upper air
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的温度控制罩12由电加热层12-1、保温材料层12-2、外壳12-3组合得到,温度控制罩12通过导电插头12-4与底座13相连,并形成电流通路。The temperature control cover 12 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system is obtained by combining the electric heating layer 12-1, the thermal insulation material layer 12-2 and the outer shell 12-3. The temperature control cover 12 is connected to the base 13 through the conductive plug 12-4. connected and form a current path.
所述空气参数记录及温度控制系统中的底座13通过导电插座13-1与温度控制罩12相连,并形成电流通路;底座13通过电线与数据采集及温度控制模块14直接相连。The base 13 in the air parameter recording and temperature control system is connected to the temperature control cover 12 through a conductive socket 13-1 to form a current path; the
采用上述装置对围护结构多孔材料蒸汽渗透系数测试方法Test method for vapor permeability coefficient of porous materials of building envelope by using the above device
1),试样固定环1和紧固器2固定围护结构多孔材料绝干试样,盖上上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4,用电子天平称取质量,记为m0。1), the
2),配置不同种类的饱和盐溶液或去离子水,分别注入下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7,卸下上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4,使下部液体盛放部分5与上部液体盛放部分7通过螺纹与试样固定部件连接。2), configure different kinds of saturated salt solution or deionized water, inject the lower
3),下部空气参数测量模块10与上部空气参数测量模块11置入下部空气参数测量模块固定槽5-3和上部空气参数测量模块固定槽7-3,将连接完毕的下部液体盛放部分5、上部液体盛放部分7与试样固定部件置于底座13上,并盖上温度控制罩12,形成电流通路,通过数据采集及温度控制模块14设置实验温度T,开始实验。3), the lower air
4),在第一阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次试样质量连同试样固定环1、紧固器2、上侧临时密封盖3和下侧临时密封盖4一起称量,直至两次称取结果相差不超过0.1%,将此时质量记为m,计算试样质量含水率,并记为ω,质量含水率计算公式为: 4), in the first stage, the mass of the sample is weighed with an electronic balance every 1 day together with the
5),在第二阶段,每隔1天用电子天平称取一次下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量,连续称量5天以上,记录下部液体盛放部分与上部液体盛放部分质量变化速率,并根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数以及下部液体盛放部分读出的空气层厚度计算在该含水率情况下试样的蒸汽渗透系数。5), in the second stage, take the quality of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part once every 1 day with an electronic balance, continuously weigh more than 5 days, and record the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part. The mass change rate, and according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module and the thickness of the air layer read out from the lower liquid holding part, the steam of the sample under the condition of the moisture content is calculated. permeability coefficient.
具体包括如下工艺步骤:Specifically include the following process steps:
5-1),假设此时试样下方密闭空间内相对湿度大于试样上方密闭空间内相对湿度,则下部液体盛放部分,上部液体盛放部分的质量增长速率为Gu,当Gd与Gu相差不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当Gd与Gu相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;将试样平行于水平面的表面面积记为A,计算单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率,并记为gv,单位面积上的蒸汽传递速率计算公式为: 5-1), assuming that the relative humidity in the closed space below the sample is greater than the relative humidity in the closed space above the sample, the mass growth rate of the lower liquid holding part and the upper liquid holding part is Gu , when G d and When the difference between G u does not exceed 5%, it is considered that the test process is correct, and the test continues; when the difference between G d and G u exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed, and it is necessary to reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and repeat the procedure from step 1) Start the test; denote the surface area of the sample parallel to the horizontal plane as A, calculate the steam transfer rate per unit area, and denote it as g v , the calculation formula of the steam transfer rate per unit area is:
5-2),根据数据采集及温度控制模块记录的试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的空气参数,上方空气参数为温度Tu、相对湿度空气压力pu;下方空气参数为温度Td、相对湿度空气压力pd;当T、Tu与Td间相差均不超过5%时,认为测试过程无误,测试继续;当T、Tu与Td间相差超过5%时,认为此次测试失败,应重新确认各部件是否连接紧密,并重新由步骤1)开始测试;计算试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力,并分别记为pv,u和pv,d,试样上方与下方两个密闭空间内的水蒸气分压力的计算公式分别为:和计算试样两侧水蒸气分压力差,并记为Δpv,水蒸气分压力差的计算公式为:Δpv=pv,d-pv,u;计算测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力,并记为Rtotal,测试装置中蒸汽传递的总阻力的计算公式为: 5-2), according to the air parameters in the two confined spaces above and below the sample recorded by the data acquisition and temperature control module, the air parameters above are temperature Tu , relative humidity Air pressure p u ; the air parameters below are temperature T d , relative humidity Air pressure p d ; when the difference between T, Tu and T d is not more than 5%, the test process is considered to be correct, and the test continues; when the difference between T, Tu and T d exceeds 5%, the test is considered to have failed , should reconfirm whether the components are tightly connected, and start the test again from step 1); calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample, and record them as p v,u and p v,d respectively, The formulas for calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in the two closed spaces above and below the sample are: and Calculate the water vapor partial pressure difference on both sides of the sample, and denote it as Δp v . The calculation formula of the water vapor partial pressure difference is: Δp v =p v,d -p v,u ; Calculate the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device, And denoted as R total , the calculation formula of the total resistance of steam transmission in the test device is:
5-3),根据下部液体盛放部分读出的下方空气层厚度,记为hair,d,并根据标准大气压p0与水蒸气的理想气体常数R计算下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,d,下方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为:读出上方空气层厚度,记为hair,u,计算上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力,并记为Rair,u,上方空气层的蒸汽传递阻力的计算公式为: 5-3), according to the thickness of the lower air layer read from the lower liquid holding part, denoted as h air,d , and calculate the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer according to the standard atmospheric pressure p 0 and the ideal gas constant R of water vapor, and Denoted as R air,d , the formula for calculating the vapor transfer resistance of the lower air layer is: Read out the thickness of the upper air layer, denoted as h air,u , calculate the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer, and denote it as R air,u , the calculation formula of the steam transfer resistance of the upper air layer is:
5-4),将试样厚度记为h,计算试样蒸汽渗透系数,并记为δ,试样蒸汽渗透系数的计算公式为:即得到了该试样在温度为T、含水率为ω情况下的蒸汽渗透系数。5-4), record the thickness of the sample as h, calculate the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample, and record it as δ, the calculation formula of the sample vapor permeability coefficient is: That is, the vapor permeability coefficient of the sample under the condition of temperature T and moisture content ω is obtained.
6),若需测量不同温度或含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,则更换饱和盐溶液种类,重复进行步骤2)~5)。6), if it is necessary to measure the steam permeability coefficient at different temperatures or moisture contents, change the type of saturated salt solution, and repeat steps 2) to 5).
综上所述,本发明在被测试围护结构多孔材料的两侧设置两个不同工况空气环境的特点,并可分别监测和设置两个空气环境的温度、相对湿度与空气压力,用于测试围护结构多孔材料在多种工况温度与含水率下的蒸汽渗透系数,弥补了现有装置需要在恒温恒湿箱等大型设备辅助下方可测试的缺陷,有利于多工况测试的开展,也提高了测试结果的准确度。通过采用该装置和方法,可测得不同温度及含水率下围护结构多孔材料的蒸汽渗透系数,使对围护结构内部湿传递的预测结果更为准确且更符合实际情况,为建筑负荷评估、围护结构保温隔热隔汽等优化提供了较大帮助。To sum up, the present invention sets the characteristics of two air environments under different working conditions on both sides of the porous material of the enclosure under test, and can monitor and set the temperature, relative humidity and air pressure of the two air environments respectively, for The test of the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the envelope structure under various working conditions of temperature and moisture content makes up for the defect that the existing device needs to be tested with the aid of large equipment such as constant temperature and humidity chambers, which is conducive to the development of multi-working conditions testing. , which also improves the accuracy of the test results. By adopting the device and method, the vapor permeability coefficient of the porous material of the envelope structure under different temperatures and moisture contents can be measured, so that the prediction result of the moisture transfer inside the envelope structure is more accurate and more in line with the actual situation, and it can be used for building load evaluation. , The optimization of thermal insulation and steam insulation of the envelope structure has provided great help.
以上的具体实施方式仅为本创作的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本创作,凡在本创作的精神及原则之内所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本创作的保护范围之内。The above specific embodiments are only preferred embodiments of this creation, and are not intended to limit this creation. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of this creation shall be included in this creation. within the scope of protection.
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CN115711913A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-02-24 | 浙江大学 | Method for measuring thermal resistance and wet resistance of multi-size building envelope structure member based on building wind tunnel |
CN116930042A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-24 | 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 | Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method |
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CN115711913A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-02-24 | 浙江大学 | Method for measuring thermal resistance and wet resistance of multi-size building envelope structure member based on building wind tunnel |
CN116930042A (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-10-24 | 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 | Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method |
CN116930042B (en) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-01 | 常州建昊建筑鉴定检测有限公司 | Building waterproof material performance detection equipment and method |
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