CN114905598A - 3D printing suspension slurry and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
3D printing suspension slurry and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114905598A CN114905598A CN202210568430.8A CN202210568430A CN114905598A CN 114905598 A CN114905598 A CN 114905598A CN 202210568430 A CN202210568430 A CN 202210568430A CN 114905598 A CN114905598 A CN 114905598A
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012802 nanoclay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical group O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000034189 Sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[K+] WPUINVXKIPAAHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000005323 carbonate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to 3D printing suspension slurry and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of 3D printing. The 3D printing suspension slurry comprises the following preparation raw materials: marble powder, basalt powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, cellulose ether and an accelerating agent. According to the invention, by manufacturing an inert suspension environment with similar initial rheological properties of concrete materials, under the condition of ensuring that the hydrostatic pressure of a system is relatively stable, the extrusion speed of the concrete and the moving speed of a printing nozzle are controlled according to the pipe diameter size of a nozzle, the density of suspension slurry and the rheological properties (represented by yield stress and plastic viscosity) of the suspension slurry, so that 3D printing of the concrete on a path in any direction is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to 3D printing suspension slurry and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The concrete article or structure is in a plastic state prior to setting, so in theory concrete can be formed into any shape. Before the concrete product is formed, the shape of the concrete product can be controlled by adopting a template; the templates used in the related art mainly include personalized templates and standardized templates; however, the cost of the personalized template is high, and the reuse rate is low, so that the standardized template is used in a large scale at present, but the construction mode of the standardized template is as follows: firstly, pre-supporting a template and then pouring and molding; this construction mode limits the geometric properties of the concrete and increases the cost of standardized forms. On the basis, a 3D printing technology is adopted to produce concrete products in the related technology; however, the concrete product produced by the 3D printing technology in the related art has the following disadvantages:
1. in the related art, the concrete 3D printing adopts a horizontal stacking technology, namely, a new material is stacked on the concrete by utilizing the supporting action of the lower layer, the 3D printing mode has less freedom degree, more is free on the horizontal plane, and the vertical direction needs the support of the material per se, so the freedom degree is smaller, the geometrical complexity degree is limited, the structure with larger span still needs a temporary template supporting structure.
2. What concrete 3D printed the adoption among the correlation technique is that the stacking technology of horizontal direction once only prints highly limitedly, because it is not enough to support too high upper portion material dead weight to print material intensity, consequently need print the take the altitude after, wait that lower part material intensity increases to a definite value, is carrying out superstructure and prints, can't once only print out great more complicated structure.
3. Ordinary cement-based materials or concrete in the related art cannot be applied to a concrete 3D printing technology. At present, the concrete 3D printing technology has high requirements on the performance of printing materials, especially the rheological property of the printing materials, ensures the smoothness of printing, and has the requirement of keeping stable shape after printing and enough strength to support the gravity of the upper printing materials. The production cost is high.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a 3D printing suspension slurry, which is low in production cost for preparing a cement prefabricated member and can realize printing of concrete in any direction.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides 3D printing suspension slurry, which is used for preparing a cement prefabricated member, the production cost is low, and the concrete can be printed in any direction.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the 3D printing suspension slurry.
The invention also provides application of the 3D printing suspension slurry in preparation of a 3D printing cement prefabricated member.
The invention also provides a cement prefabricated member.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the cement prefabricated member.
The invention also provides application of the cement prefabricated member in preparation of building materials.
The method comprises the following specific steps: the invention provides 3D printing suspension slurry in a first aspect, which comprises the following preparation raw materials:
marble powder, basalt powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, cellulose ether and an accelerating agent.
According to one technical scheme of the 3D printing suspension slurry, the method at least has the following beneficial effects:
in the 3D printing suspension slurry, the selected marble powder, the basalt powder and the iron slag powder are inert in an alkaline environment and cannot react with a concrete material, the three selected in proportion form the basis of the suspension slurry meeting rheological characteristic requirements, the nano clay particles are small in size and are effectively filled among the marble powder, the basalt powder and the iron slag powder to form a compact stacking structure, and meanwhile, the nano clay has strong water absorption performance and can lock water and prevent the suspension slurry from bleeding under a standing condition.
The cellulose ether is dissolved in water, has good thickening effect and has the effect of stably suspending the slurry.
The accelerator makes concrete material set fast, disperses the accelerator in the suspension thick liquids, does not influence the nature of suspension thick liquids, and when concrete material entered into the suspension thick liquids, the contact of the accelerator in surface and the suspension thick liquids promotes the rapid setting sclerosis of surface, and earlier formation mechanical strength of concrete material like this to can play the effect of pinning inside moisture, reinforcing concrete material's maintenance effect.
The density of the 3D printing suspension slurry is similar to that of a concrete material, so that the concrete material is effectively borne in the 3D printing process of the concrete material, and the 3D printing of the concrete material is realized.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the 3D printing suspension slurry comprises the following raw materials:
15 to 25 percent of marble powder, 15 to 25 percent of basalt powder, 5 to 10 percent of iron slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of nano clay, 0.8 to 1 percent of setting accelerator and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cellulose ether.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the raw material for preparing the 3D printing suspension paste further comprises water.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the 3D printing suspension paste consists of the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
15 to 25 percent of marble powder, 15 to 25 percent of basalt powder, 5 to 10 percent of iron slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of nano clay, 0.8 to 1 percent of setting accelerator, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cellulose ether and 40 to 63 percent of water.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the 3D printing suspension paste is composed of the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
15 to 25 percent of marble powder, 15 to 25 percent of basalt powder, 5 to 10 percent of iron slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of nano clay, 0.8 to 1 percent of setting accelerator, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cellulose ether and the balance of water.
The mass fractions of the marble powder, the basalt powder, the iron slag powder, the nano clay, the accelerator and the cellulose ether are controlled, so that the density of the suspension slurry is controlled; and by controlling the mass fraction of the water, the yield stress of the suspension slurry is controlled, and finally, the concrete material is well supported.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the marble powder has a fineness of 300 to 400 mesh.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the basalt powder has a fineness of 300 mesh to 500 mesh.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fineness of the fine iron slag is 400 to 600 mesh.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nanoclay has a D50 of below 100 nm.
The fineness of the marble powder is 300-400 meshes, and the fineness of the basalt powder is 300-500 meshes, so that the particle size range of the marble powder is close to that of a concrete material, the 3D printing suspension slurry with the rheological property close to that of a concrete material slurry is prepared, and meanwhile, the grinding energy consumption is low and the economical efficiency is good under the condition that the performance requirements are met.
The fineness of the iron slag powder is controlled to be 400-600 meshes; the fineness of the iron slag powder is smaller than that of the marble powder and the basalt powder, so that the iron slag powder is uniformly filled in the marble powder and the basalt powder, and the sedimentation of iron slag powder particles is avoided.
The D50 of the nano-clay is controlled to be 100 nm; thereby ensuring the tackifying effect of the nano clay; namely, the effect of stabilizing the internal microstructure of the 3D printing suspension slurry is kept, and the effect is weakened due to the overlarge granularity, so that the effects of tackifying and stabilizing the slurry cannot be achieved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nanoclay is a nano-montmorillonite powder.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nanoclay has a D50 of 80 nm.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the marble powder has a density of 2600kg/m 3 ～2800kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the density of the marble powder is 2700kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the density of the basalt powder is 3000kg/m 3 ～3200kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the density of the basalt powder is 3200kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the iron slag powder has a density of 4000kg/m 3 ～4200kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fine iron slag has a density of 4100kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nanoclay has a density of 1200kg/m 3 ～1400kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the nanoclay has a density of 1300kg/m 3 。
The density of the marble powder is slightly less than that of the concrete material, the density of the basalt powder is close to that of the concrete material, the density of the iron slag powder is greater than that of the concrete material, the three materials are rich in resources, the material cost is low, and the manufacturing method is simple; thereby reducing the production cost.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the density of the 3D printing suspension paste is 1900kg/m 3 ～2000kg/m 3 。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the plastic viscosity of the 3D printing suspension paste is 20 to 30Pa · s.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the 3D printing suspension paste has a yield stress of 300Pa to 350 Pa.
Various components of the suspension slurry are fully mixed to form a stable suspension with a certain yield stress, the density of the suspension is similar to that of a concrete material, the yield stress is slightly larger than that of the concrete material, and the viscosity is similar, so that stable space support is provided for the concrete material, the 3D printing nozzle can extrude the printing material on any direction path, and due to the existence of the suspension slurry, the concrete material can keep the extruded shape stable and unchanged, so that the purpose of 3D printing on any direction path is achieved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the accelerator comprises the following preparation raw materials:
meta-aluminates, carbonates, and calcium oxide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the accelerator consists of the following mass fractions of preparation raw materials
38-41% of meta-aluminate, 40-42% of carbonate and 17-22% of calcium oxide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the metaaluminate comprises at least one of sodium metaaluminate and potassium metaaluminate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the carbonate salt comprises at least one of sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the accelerator comprises a Trunano TR-SN type concrete accelerator.
The invention provides a preparation method of the 3D printing suspension slurry, which comprises the following steps: mixing the marble powder, the basalt powder, the iron slag powder, the nanoclay, the cellulose ether, and the accelerator.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing 3D printing suspension paste comprises the steps of: and mixing the marble powder, the basalt powder, the iron slag powder, the nano clay, the cellulose ether and the accelerator, adding the mixture into the water, and stirring.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the stirring speed is 145r/min to 285 r/min.
The invention provides an application of the 3D printing suspension slurry in preparation of a 3D printing cement prefabricated member.
The invention provides a cement prefabricated member, which comprises the following preparation raw materials:
the 3D printing suspension paste described above.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the raw materials for the preparation of the cement preform further comprise a concrete material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the yield stress τ of the concrete material 0 >200Pa。
When the surface yield stress is more than 200Pa, the material has certain plasticity, can better maintain the geometrical shape of the spray head when sprayed out, and is easy to deform due to the disturbance of the surrounding environment when the surface yield stress is less than 200 Pa.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concrete material has a density of 1900kg/m 3 ～2000kg/m 3 。
In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing the above cement preform, comprising the steps of: taking the 3D printing suspension slurry as a carrier; and printing the concrete material by adopting 3D.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the rate of movement of the nozzles during said printing is:
in the formula: k is a constant; k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;
ρ 1 density of the 3D printing suspension paste;
τ 1 the yield stress of the 3D printing suspension slurry;
η 1 a plastic viscosity for the 3D printing suspension paste;
D n is the outer diameter of the nozzle.
By controlling the moving speed of the nozzle, the suspension slurry is controlled not to generate turbulence.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the extrusion speed of the nozzle during said printing is:
in the formula, D n Is the outer diameter of the nozzle;
D e is the inner diameter of the nozzle;
V n is the rate of movement of the nozzle.
By controlling the extrusion speed of the nozzle, the cross section of the printing structure is ensured to be stable in size, and no corrugation or cavity is generated.
The invention also provides the application of the cement prefabricated member in the preparation of building materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus in embodiments 1-2 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a method for 3D printing of concrete in any direction in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a method for 3D printing of concrete in any direction in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. printing the container; 2. suspending the slurry; 3. a nozzle; 4. a robot; 5. a delivery conduit; 101. an overflow aperture.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
Specific examples of the present invention are described in detail below.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing apparatus is shown in fig. 1, a holding device (not shown) is disposed on a robot 4, the holding device is used for holding a nozzle 3, and the nozzle 3 is connected to an input pipeline 5.
During printing, the nozzle 3 is immersed in the suspension paste 2 to perform a 3D printing operation.
The suspension slurry 2 is placed in a printing container 1, and a plurality of overflow holes 101 are formed in the upper portion of the printing container 1.
The size of the printing container 1 depends on the size of the printing structure, and the volume of the printing container 1 needs to be more than 10 times the volume of the printing result.
The lower edges of the overflow holes 101 are in the same horizontal plane.
The suspended slurry 2 provides a stable environment for 3D printing in any direction.
The nozzle 3 is an invasive nozzle, is L-shaped integrally, has arc-shaped corner, circular cross section and inner diameter equal to D e The outer diameter is equal to D n (ii) a The concrete material is extruded from the nozzle 3 to form the print structure.
The robot 4 is a multi-degree-of-freedom robot, and the printing path, the direction and the speed of the nozzle 3 are controlled by selecting adaptive technical parameters according to the structure type and the size.
The robot 4 has 6 or more degrees of freedom.
The positioning precision of the robot 4 is 0.5 mm-0.2 mm, and the working range is correspondingly selected by the size of the 3D printing piece.
The delivery pipe 5 is connected to a concrete delivery device (not shown) and the extrusion rate, i.e. the delivery rate, is controlled by the delivery device.
The concrete material is purchased from at least one of XW-C30 of Hunan Limited company of Zhongjian West construction, XW-C40 of Hunan Limited company of Zhongjian West construction, XW-C50 of Hunan Limited company of Zhongjian West construction and XW-C60 of Hunan Limited company of Zhongjian West construction.
Example 1
This example is a method for making a cement preform.
S1, providing a common concrete material as a 3D printing material, testing the density of the concrete raw material, and marking as rho 0; the yield stress is recorded as τ 0 (ii) a Yield stress tau of concrete material 0 >200Pa。
S2, preparing the suspension paste 2 in the printing container 1 of the 3D printing apparatus shown in fig. 1, wherein the liquid level of the suspension paste reaches the lower edge of the overflow hole 101, and the suspension paste 2 has the following composition: marble stone powder, basalt stone powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, water, cellulose ether and an accelerating agent. The mass ratio is as follows: 15-25% of marble powder, 15-20% of basalt powder, 5-10% of iron slag powder and nano clay: 2 to 5 percent of accelerator, 0.8 to 1 percent of cellulose ether and the balance of water. Stirring fully to form stable suspension slurry, and recording the density of the suspension slurry as rho 1 (ρ 1 ＝ρ 0 ) Yield stress is denoted as τ 1 (τ 1 ＝n·τ 0 N ∈ (1,1.5)), and the plastic viscosity is recorded as η 1 。
S3, conveying the concrete material to the nozzle 3 through the conveying pipeline 5, extruding the concrete material from the nozzle 3, wherein the extrusion speed is recorded as Ve, the printing robot 4 controls the nozzle 3 to print according to the printing path through the fixing device, and the nozzle moving speed is recorded as Vn;
the value range of Vn is as follows: ensuring that the suspension slurry does not generate turbulence:
wherein k is ∈ [1,2 ].
The value range of Ve is as follows: guarantee to print that structure cross section size is stable, not take place ripple or cavity:
and S4, after printing is finished, taking out the printing piece from the suspension slurry, flushing the surface of the printing piece, or pumping the suspension slurry from the container, and flushing the surface of the printing piece to finish the printing process of the printing piece.
Example 2
The embodiment is a 3D printing suspension slurry, a cement prefabricated member and a preparation method thereof.
The 3D printing suspension slurry in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
water: 55 percent of marble powder, 25 percent of basalt powder, 5 percent of iron slag powder, 3.5 percent of nano clay, 1 percent of accelerating agent and 0.5 percent of cellulose ether.
The marble powder is produced by Changsha in Hunan province; density 2700kg/m 3 The fineness is 400 meshes.
The basalt powder is produced by Changsha in Hunan province; density 3200kg/m 3 The fineness is 400 meshes.
The iron slag powder is produced by Changsha in Hunan province; density 4100Kg/m 3 The fineness is 600 meshes.
The nano clay is montmorillonite nano clay produced by Changsha in Hunan, and has a density of 1300kg/m 3 The average particle diameter was 85 nm.
The cellulose ether is BERMOCOLL CCA 328.
The accelerator is a Tronano TR-SN concrete accelerator (the mass fraction of sodium metaaluminate is 40%, the mass fraction of sodium carbonate is 40%, and the mass fraction of calcium oxide is 20%).
Density of the suspension slurry is ρ 1 ＝1950Kg/m 3 Yield stress of τ 1 310Pa and a plastic viscosity η 1 ＝24.5Pa·s。
The preparation method of the 3D printing suspension slurry in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
mixing marble powder, basalt powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, an accelerator and cellulose ether, and then fully stirring at the stirring speed of 200 r/min; then fully stirring with water to form stable suspension slurry, wherein the stirring speed is 245 r/min.
The preparation raw materials of the cement prefabricated member in this embodiment are:
the 3D printing of this example suspended slurry and concrete material.
The concrete material is XW-C30 of Hunan limited company built in the West of China, and the density is rho 0 1950kg/m 3 Yield stress is denoted as τ 0 Is 230Pa (τ) 1 ＝1.35τ 0 )。
The preparation method of the cement prefabricated member in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
s1, filling the 3D printing suspension paste in the present embodiment into the printing container 1 shown in fig. 1, wherein the liquid level of the filled 3D printing suspension paste reaches the lower edge of the overflow hole 101.
S2, conveying the concrete selected in the embodiment to a nozzle 3 through a conveying pipeline 5, extruding the concrete from the nozzle 3, wherein the inner diameter of the nozzle is 2cm, the outer diameter of the nozzle is 3cm, and the extrusion speed is recorded as V e The preset cement prefabricated member structure is a hyperboloid structure as shown in fig. 2, printing is carried out in the space according to a printing path A → B → C → D → A with A (-100, 0) as an origin, and the moving speed of the nozzle is marked as V n 。
Determining V n The value range ensures that the suspension slurry does not generate turbulent flow:
i.e. Vn ≦ 0.4m/s, which is taken here in conjunction with the actual printing requirements to be 0.05 m/s.
Substituting Vn to obtain V e The value is taken, the stable cross-sectional dimension of the printing structure is ensured, and no corrugation or cavity is generated:
that is, Ve is 0.1125 m/s.
S3, after printing is finished, the suspension slurry is pumped out of the container, and the printing process of the hyperboloid structure can be finished by flushing the surface of a printed part; thus obtaining the cement prefabricated member.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a 3D printing suspension slurry, a cement prefabricated member and a preparation method thereof.
The 3D printing suspension slurry in the embodiment is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
15-25% of marble powder, 15-20% of basalt powder, 5-10% of iron slag powder and nano clay: 2 to 5 percent of accelerator, 0.8 to 1 percent of cellulose ether and the balance of water.
Water: 41.5 percent of marble powder, 25 percent of basalt powder, 7.5 percent of iron slag powder, 4.5 percent of nano clay, 1 percent of accelerating agent and 0.5 percent of cellulose ether.
The marble powder is marble powder produced by Changsha in Hunan; density 2700kg/m 3 The fineness is 400 meshes.
The basalt powder is produced by Changsha in Hunan province; density 3200kg/m 3 The fineness is 400 meshes.
The iron slag powder is produced by Changsha in Hunan province; density 4100Kg/m 3 And the fineness is 600 meshes.
The nano clay is montmorillonite nano clay produced by Changsha in Hunan, and has a density of 1300kg/m 3 The average particle diameter was 85 nm.
The cellulose ether is BERMOCOLL CCA 328.
The accelerator is a Trunno TR-SN type concrete accelerator.
Density of the suspension slurry is ρ 1 ＝2100Kg/m 3 Yield stress of τ 1 280Pa and a plastic viscosity of eta 1 ＝21.5Pa·s。
The preparation method of the 3D printing suspension slurry in this embodiment comprises the following steps:
mixing marble powder, basalt powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, an accelerator and cellulose ether, and then fully stirring at the stirring speed of 180 r/min; then fully stirring with water to form stable suspension slurry, wherein the stirring speed is 225 r/min.
The preparation raw materials of the cement prefabricated member in this embodiment are:
the 3D printing of this example suspended slurry and concrete material.
The concrete material is XW-C35 of Hunan limited company built in the West of China, and the density is rho 0 Is 2100kg/m 3 Yield stress is denoted as τ 0 Is 210Pa (tau) 1 ＝1.33τ 0 )。
The preparation method of the cement prefabricated member in the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
s1, filling the 3D printing suspension paste in the present embodiment into the printing container 1 shown in fig. 1, wherein the liquid level of the filled 3D printing suspension paste reaches the lower edge of the overflow hole 101.
S2, conveying the concrete selected by the embodiment to the nozzle 3 through the conveying pipeline 5, extruding the concrete from the nozzle 3, and ensuring the inner diameter D of the nozzle e At 2cm, an external diameter Dn of 3cm and an extrusion rate V e The preset cement prefabricated member structure is an inverted cone structure as shown in fig. 3 and 4, printing is carried out in space according to a spirally rising printing path by taking O (0,0,0) as an origin, and the moving speed of a nozzle is recorded as V n 。
Determining V n The value range ensures that the suspension slurry does not generate turbulent flow:
i.e. Vn ≦ 0.35m/s, which is taken here in conjunction with the actual printing requirements to be 0.05 m/s.
Substituting Vn to obtain V e The value is taken, the stable cross-sectional dimension of the printing structure is ensured, and no corrugation or cavity is generated:
that is, Ve is 0.1125 m/s.
S3, after printing is finished, the suspended slurry is pumped out of the container, and the surface of a printed part is washed, so that the printing process of the inverted conical structure can be finished; and obtaining the cement prefabricated member.
Since the ordinary fresh concrete material is a plastic fluid and cannot bear load (so the ordinary concrete material cannot be used for the current 3D printed material). Even the special material used for the concrete 3D printing in the related art can bear the self weight of the upper material only to a certain extent.
In the embodiment mode of the invention, the invention breaks through the layer-by-layer stacking of the current concrete material 3D printing, namely the limitation of the degree of freedom only in the horizontal direction, realizes the 3D printing in any spatial direction and keeps the stable structure; the embodiment of the invention also solves the problem of time-interval and time-interval printing caused by weak mechanical strength of the lower part structure which is not solidified and hardened in the existing 3D printing, and realizes one-time printing of the integral complex structure; meanwhile, the application of common concrete materials in the 3D printing technology is realized; the cross section size of the concrete is stable in the concrete material 3D printing process, and the inert suspension slurry does not generate turbulence.
According to the invention, by manufacturing an inert suspension environment which is similar to the initial rheological property of a printed concrete material, under the condition of ensuring that the hydrostatic pressure of a system is relatively stable, the extrusion speed of the concrete and the moving speed of a printing nozzle are controlled according to the pipe diameter size of the nozzle, the density of the suspension slurry and the rheological property (represented by yield stress and plastic viscosity) of the suspension slurry, so that 3D printing of the concrete on a path in any direction is realized.
In summary, the present invention prepares an inert suspension slurry with density and rheological property similar to concrete in a container, designs a printing path (the path can be any spatial direction) according to the geometrical characteristics of a printing piece, under a certain concrete extrusion speed and a certain nozzle moving speed, the concrete extruded by a nozzle replaces the suspension slurry at the original position, because the flow or turbulence of the suspension slurry can not be formed at a specific speed, and because the density difference between the printing material and the suspension slurry is small, the printed concrete can maintain the spatial position unchanged, the nozzle can move in any direction, so that the printing piece with any geometrical structure can be printed, after the printing is finished, because the coagulant in the suspension slurry is in contact with the printing structure, the surface of the material is earlier than the internal coagulation and hardening, the hardened surface prevents the ion exchange between the printing piece and the suspension slurry, meanwhile, the suspension slurry environment can provide a good high-humidity curing environment, and the problem of stability of drying shrinkage and the like in the curing process is solved. After the maintenance is finished, the structure is taken out of the suspension slurry, or the suspension slurry is taken out, and the suspension slurry on the surface of the printed piece is washed, so that the printing process can be finished.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a 3D prints suspension thick liquids which characterized in that: the method comprises the following preparation raw materials:
marble powder, basalt powder, iron slag powder, nano clay, cellulose ether and an accelerating agent.
2. The 3D printing suspension syrup according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
15 to 25 percent of marble powder, 15 to 25 percent of basalt powder, 5 to 10 percent of iron slag powder, 2 to 5 percent of nano clay, 0.8 to 1 percent of setting accelerator and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of cellulose ether.
3. A method of preparing a 3D printing suspension paste according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: mixing the marble powder, the basalt powder, the iron slag powder, the nanoclay, the cellulose ether, and the accelerator.
4. Use of the 3D printed suspending paste according to claim 1 or 2 in 3D printing of a cementitious preform.
5. A cement preform, characterized by: preparing a feedstock comprises 3D printing the suspension slurry of claim 1 or 2.
6. The cement preform of claim 5, wherein: the preparation raw materials also comprise concrete; preferably, the yield stress τ of the concrete material 0 >200Pa。
7. A method of making a cement preform according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: and 3D printing is adopted to print the concrete material by taking the 3D printing suspension slurry as a carrier.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the moving speed of the nozzle in the printing process is as follows:
in the formula: k is a constant; k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2;
ρ 1 density of the 3D printing suspension paste;
τ 1 (ii) a yield stress for the 3D printed suspension paste;
η 1 a plastic viscosity for the 3D printing suspension paste;
D n is the outer diameter of the nozzle.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the extrusion speed of the nozzle during the printing process is as follows:
in the formula, D n Is the outer diameter of the nozzle;
de is the inner diameter of the nozzle;
vn is the moving speed of the nozzle.
10. Use of a cement pre-form as claimed in claim 5 or 6 in fabricated construction.
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| CN101538136A (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-09-23 | 华南理工大学 | Premixing mortar with high moisture retention and production method thereof |
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| EP3912800A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-24 | Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen | Device for additive manufacturing and method for manufacturing a body with such a device |
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| CN101538136A (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2009-09-23 | 华南理工大学 | Premixing mortar with high moisture retention and production method thereof |
| US20180015674A1 (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2018-01-18 | Autodesk, Inc. | Automated systems for composite part fabrication |
| US20180281295A1 (en) * | 2017-04-04 | 2018-10-04 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Additive Manufacturing in Gel-Supported Environment |
| EP3912800A1 (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-24 | Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen | Device for additive manufacturing and method for manufacturing a body with such a device |
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