CN114894592A - Fresh soil sample quantitative preservation method and storage device - Google Patents
Fresh soil sample quantitative preservation method and storage device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114894592A CN114894592A CN202210500191.2A CN202210500191A CN114894592A CN 114894592 A CN114894592 A CN 114894592A CN 202210500191 A CN202210500191 A CN 202210500191A CN 114894592 A CN114894592 A CN 114894592A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/02—Internal fittings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
- G01N5/045—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder for determining moisture content
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantitative preservation method and a storage device for a fresh soil sample, which comprise the following steps: removing impurities from a soil sample; manufacturing a fresh soil sample storage device; storing the soil sample; calculating the water content of the soil; quantitative sampling: when the fresh soil sample is measured and analyzed, small soil sample blocks are randomly selected from the soil sample storage device and placed in a measuring container, and corresponding indexes can be measured after the frozen small soil sample blocks are completely thawed. By adopting the method, not only can quantitative and simple storage of fresh soil be realized, but also the detection accuracy can be improved, and meanwhile, the storage device is simple in structure and convenient and fast to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laboratory soil analysis, and particularly relates to a quantitative preservation method and a storage device for a fresh soil sample.
Background
The soil analysis is mainly to collect samples with certain weight from soil samples to be measured and to perform qualitative or quantitative determination and analysis on the physical and chemical properties of specific soil according to a laboratory analysis method. For example, in order to realize fertilizer reduction in agricultural production, the recommended soil testing and formulated fertilization technology relates to the determination and analysis of various soil physicochemical properties, wherein some indexes need to be determined by using a certain weight of fresh soil samples, such as the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil (table 1).
TABLE 1 soil weights required for different soil analysis methods
The fresh soil sample has high water content, especially the water content of wet or flooded plots, such as flooded paddy field fresh soil can reach 80 percent, which causes little obstruction to quantitative weighing of soil samples. Firstly, during weighing, the viscosity of the soil can cause fresh soil to adhere to the wall of the weighing scoop or the container, which not only easily causes pollution of the soil sample, but also causes weighing error. Secondly, if the amount of samples is large or the number of samples is large during measurement and analysis, and the detection cannot be completed at one time, the fresh soil sample needs to be stored. The conventional method is that fresh soil is put into a self-sealing bag and stored in a freezing refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero or 80 ℃ below zero, and the frozen soil is unfrozen before the next measurement and analysis; however, the unfreezing process easily causes the separation of soil and water, and the uneven mixing of water and soil can cause the weighed soil sample to lose the representativeness, thus easily causing the inaccurate analysis result.
Aiming at the problems in the preservation and weighing of the fresh soil sample, a simple and easy method suitable for quantitatively preserving the fresh soil sample in a laboratory is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a quantitative preservation method and a storage device for fresh soil samples, aiming at solving the problems in the preservation and weighing of the existing fresh soil samples. The method is characterized in that the weighing problem of the fresh soil sample with high water content can be solved, the weighing error of the fresh soil sample can be effectively reduced, the convenience of weighing the fresh soil in a laboratory is realized, and the testing precision of soil analysis is improved.
The quantitative preservation method of the fresh soil sample is realized by the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from a soil sample: removing impurities such as plant residues, stones and the like in the fresh soil sample;
(2) manufacturing a fresh soil sample storage device;
(3) and (3) soil sample storage: filling a fresh soil sample into a soil sample storage device, and sealing the top end and the lower end by using inserting plates;
(4) and (3) calculating the water content of the soil: randomly taking frozen soil samples from a soil sample storage device, weighing fresh weights, drying and weighing dry weights, and calculating the water content;
(5) quantitative sampling: when the fresh soil sample is measured and analyzed, small soil sample blocks are randomly selected from the soil sample storage device and placed in a measuring container, and corresponding indexes can be measured after the frozen small soil sample blocks are completely thawed.
More specifically, after impurities are removed in the step (1), the soil sample is sieved by a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm.
More specifically, the structure of the soil sample storage device in the step (2) is a cuboid with a plurality of cylindrical hollows.
More specifically, after the step (3) is closed, the soil sample storage device is placed in a freezing refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ or-80 ℃ for storage, and frozen soil sample small blocks with fixed shapes and similar weights can be obtained.
More specifically, in the step (4), the drying temperature is 105 ℃, and the drying time is 12H.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a fresh soil sample storage device which comprises a top plate, a storage plate and a bottom plate, wherein the storage plate is a cuboid with a plurality of cylindrical hollowed-out parts.
Preferably, the cylindrical hollows are arranged in a matrix, and the specification of the single hole of the cylindrical hollows is d-2.0-2.5 cm, and h-1.0 cm.
Preferably, T-shaped grooves are formed in two ends of the storage plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are connected with the storage plate through the grooves in an inserted mode.
Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention can be used for realizing quantitative and simple storage of fresh soil and improving the detection accuracy, and meanwhile, the storage device provided by the invention is simple in structure and convenient and fast to operate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the figures in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other figures may also be derived by a person skilled in the art from the present figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the fresh soil sample storage device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural view of a storage plate of the fresh soil sample storage device according to the present invention
Description of reference numerals: 1. a top plate; 2. a storage plate; 3. a base plate; 4. cylindrical hollowing out; 5. t-shaped grooves.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1 measurement of soil ammonium Nitrogen
In order to better understand the technical scheme, the embodiment takes the measurement of the ammonium nitrogen in the paddy soil as an example, and the whole process and advantages of the technology are explained in detail by comparing the conventional soil sample weighing method with the method described in the technology.
1. Conventional soil sample weighing method:
a) collecting field soil samples: selecting three rice fields with different types of soil, sampling by adopting quincunx distribution points (refer to NY/T1121.1-2006), selecting 15 sampling points for each field, using a soil sampling shovel to take plough layer (0-20cm) soil for each sampling point, and mixing the samples at multiple points and then bringing the samples back to a laboratory.
b) Removing impurities of the soil sample: after removing impurities such as plant residues, stones and the like in the fresh soil sample, sieving the soil sample by a sieve with the aperture of 2mm, and reserving for later use.
c) And (3) measuring the water content: weighing a fresh soil sample, recording the weight as M1, putting the fresh soil sample into an aluminum box with a known weight (M0), putting the aluminum box into an oven with the temperature of 105 ℃, drying the aluminum box for 12h until the weight is constant, taking the dried soil sample out, putting the dried soil sample into a dryer, cooling the dried soil sample for 30min to room temperature, weighing the weight M2 of the aluminum box and the dried soil, and calculating the water content omega of the soil according to the formula: ω (%) ═ 100% of (M1-M2)/(M2-M0).
d) And (3) soil sample preservation: filling the cleaned and sieved fresh soil into a self-sealing bag, discharging redundant air, sealing, and freezing and storing in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C or-80 deg.C.
e) Weighing a soil sample: 1h before weighing, the frozen soil sample is taken out and placed at room temperature for thawing. And after thawing, fully and uniformly mixing the soil sample, quantitatively weighing fresh soil in a 100ml conical flask, and scraping the soil sample adhered to the wall of the flask into the bottom of the flask or wiping the soil sample clean by using a paper towel.
f) Measurement of soil sample ammonium nitrogen: determination of ammonium Nitrogen A soil sample was leached with a leaching agent as described in NY/T1849-2010. And (3) absorbing the leaching filtrate, sequentially adding a masking agent, a color assisting agent, a color developing agent and a color enhancing agent, shaking uniformly, standing for 10min, measuring a light absorption value at 420nm of a spectrophotometer, calculating the actual weighed dry weight of the soil sample according to the water content of the soil sample and the fresh soil weight, and calculating the ammonium nitrogen content.
2. The invention relates to a soil sample weighing and storing method which comprises the following steps:
a) collecting field soil samples: selecting three rice fields with different types of soil, sampling by adopting quincunx distribution points (refer to NY/T1121.1-2006), selecting 15 sampling points for each field, using a soil sampling shovel to take plough layer (0-20cm) soil for each sampling point, and mixing the samples at multiple points and then bringing the samples back to a laboratory.
b) Removing impurities of the soil sample: removing plant residues, stones and other impurities in the fresh soil sample, and sieving the soil sample by a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm.
c) And (3) soil sample preservation: loading the fresh soil after impurity removal and sieving into a soil storage device with a bottom plate, scraping redundant soil samples by using a scraper with a cutting edge, sealing the top end of the soil storage device by using a top plate, and then placing the soil storage device in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ or-80 ℃ for freezing storage.
d) And (3) measuring the water content: the weight of the aluminum box is weighed by balance and recorded as M '0, frozen soil samples are randomly selected from a fresh soil sample storage device and placed in the aluminum box, and the total weight of the frozen soil samples is weighed and recorded as M' 1. Placing the weighed soil sample and the aluminum box into a drying oven at 105 ℃, drying for 12h to constant weight, taking out, placing into a drier, cooling for 30min to room temperature, measuring the total weight of the dried soil sample and the aluminum box, marking as M '2, and calculating the water content omega' of the fresh soil according to the formula: ω ' (%) (M ' 1-M ' 2)/(M ' 2-M ' 0) × 100%.
e) Weighing a soil sample: randomly selecting 4 soil frozen samples from a soil sample storage device, weighing and recording the samples, placing the samples into a 100ml conical flask, and starting an ammonium nitrogen determination analysis process after the soil samples are completely thawed at room temperature.
f) Measurement of soil sample ammonium nitrogen: the ammonium nitrogen was determined by the method described in NY/T1849-2010. And calculating the dry weight of the soil sample according to the water content of the soil sample and the fresh soil weight so as to check the accuracy of the weighing method of the soil storage device and calculate the content of ammonium nitrogen.
The results of the examples are shown in table 2, the water content of three fresh soil samples has no significant difference between the two weighing methods, but the variation coefficient of the method is 2.1-4.4% according to the dry weight of the weighed samples, and the variation coefficient of the conventional method is as high as 6.8-11.0%, which shows that the uniformity of sampling of the method is obviously better than that of the conventional method.
TABLE 2 comparison of the dry weight and the ammonium nitrogen content of the soil samples by different weighing methods
By adopting the method, not only can the fresh soil be quantitatively and simply stored, but also the detection accuracy can be improved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present technology, and the protection scope of the present technology is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any technical solutions that belong to the technical idea belong to the protection scope of the present technology. It should be noted that several modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present technology should be considered as within the scope of the present technology. The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A quantitative preservation method for a fresh soil sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from a soil sample: removing impurities such as plant residues, stones and the like in the fresh soil sample;
(2) manufacturing a fresh soil sample storage device;
(3) and (3) soil sample storage: filling a fresh soil sample into a soil sample storage device, and sealing the top end and the lower end by using inserting plates;
(4) and (3) calculating the water content of the soil: randomly taking frozen soil samples from a soil sample storage device, weighing fresh weights, drying and weighing dry weights, and calculating the water content;
(5) quantitative sampling: when the fresh soil sample is measured and analyzed, small soil sample blocks are randomly selected from the soil sample storage device and placed in a measuring container, and corresponding indexes can be measured after the frozen small soil sample blocks are completely thawed.
2. The quantitative preservation method of the fresh soil sample as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) after impurities are removed in the step (1), screening the soil sample through a sieve with the aperture of 2 mm.
3. The quantitative preservation method of a fresh soil sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) the structure of the soil sample storage device in the step (2) is a cuboid with a plurality of cylindrical hollowed-out structures.
4. The quantitative preservation method of a fresh soil sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) after the step (3) is closed, placing the soil sample storage device in a freezing refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ or-80 ℃ for storage, and obtaining frozen soil sample small blocks with fixed shapes and similar weights.
5. The quantitative preservation method of the fresh soil sample as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) drying at 105 ℃ for 12H.
6. A fresh soil sample preparation storage device manufactured based on the quantitative preservation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: fresh soil sample storage device includes roof, memory board and bottom plate, the memory board is for having the cuboid of the cylindric fretwork of a plurality of.
7. The fresh soil sample storage device of claim 6, wherein: the cylindrical hollows are arranged in a matrix, and the specification of each cylindrical hollow single hole is that d is 2.0-2.5cm, and h is 1.0 cm.
8. A fresh soil sample storage device as claimed in claim 6 wherein: t-shaped grooves are formed in two ends of the storage plate, and the top plate and the bottom plate are connected with the storage plate in an inserted mode through the grooves.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210500191.2A CN114894592A (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Fresh soil sample quantitative preservation method and storage device |
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| CN202210500191.2A CN114894592A (en) | 2022-05-07 | 2022-05-07 | Fresh soil sample quantitative preservation method and storage device |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203249808U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-10-23 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Sample splitter for soil sampling |
| CN209225660U (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-08-09 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | A kind of novel soil sample case |
| CN210063782U (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-14 | 天津市水利勘测设计院 | Be applied to soil sample storage device in geotechnical engineering investigation |
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- 2022-05-07 CN CN202210500191.2A patent/CN114894592A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203249808U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-10-23 | 中国烟草总公司重庆市公司丰都分公司 | Sample splitter for soil sampling |
| CN209225660U (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-08-09 | 深圳市勘察研究院有限公司 | A kind of novel soil sample case |
| CN210063782U (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-02-14 | 天津市水利勘测设计院 | Be applied to soil sample storage device in geotechnical engineering investigation |
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