CN114893556A

CN114893556A - Lubricating system, transmission system and wind driven generator

Info

Publication number: CN114893556A
Application number: CN202210454286.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘世江
Original assignee: Shanghai Electric Wind Power Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Electric Wind Power Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-27
Filing date: 2022-04-27
Publication date: 2022-08-12

Abstract

The invention discloses a lubricating system, a transmission system and a wind driven generator, wherein the lubricating system comprises a gear box and a container for storing lubricating oil; the first flow passage and the second flow passage are respectively used for communicating the gear box and the container; the first pump device is arranged on the first flow channel, the valve is arranged on the second flow channel, when the wind driven generator normally works, the valve is closed, the first pump device runs at a preset rotating speed, lubricating oil in the gear box flows into the container, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box is at a first liquid level, and the gear box lubricates a transmission system in a dry groove mode; when the wind driven generator does not work normally, the valve is opened, the first pump device stops running, the lubricating oil in the container flows back to the gear box, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box is at a second liquid level, the second liquid level is larger than the first liquid level, and the gear box lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode. The invention enables the lubrication mode of the transmission system of the wind driven generator to be easily switched between a dry groove mode and a wet groove mode.

Description

Lubricating system, transmission system and wind driven generator

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation equipment, in particular to a lubricating system, a transmission system and a wind driven generator.

Background

With the popularization of large-megawatt (5 MW) gear boxes in the wind power industry, the oil quantity required by the lubrication of the gear boxes is continuously increased, and gear box lubrication systems adopting external oil tanks begin to be popularized. No matter the lubricating oil of the gear box is internally arranged in the gear box or externally arranged in the oil box, the current mainstream arrangement mode of the lubricating oil of the gear box is a wet groove mode (wet groove method), namely a large amount of lubricating oil is stored in the gear box, and the lubricating oil level is high. The wet groove mode has the advantages that splash lubrication can be realized, and the needed lubricating oil can be obtained by a splash mode under the harsh condition of the fan gear box by adopting the wet groove method.

Dry sump mode (dry sump method), i.e. a mode in which only a small amount of lubricant is present in the gearbox as opposed to wet sump mode, is currently less applicable due to the need for an external oil tank.

The wet cell mode has the following disadvantages: 1. the oil quantity in the gear box is large, the oil stirring loss is high, and the defect is gradually highlighted along with the increase of the capacity of the fan; 2. the splash lubrication mode enables pollutants in the oil pool to easily enter internal components of the transmission system, secondary damage is caused to the components, and the service life of the gear box is shortened; 3. hot oil is collected in the oil sump, and moving parts of the transmission system are immersed in the mixed (hot) oil sump, so that the cooling effect is poor; 4. the risk of foam generation, additive loss and the like is easy to generate, and the service life of the lubricating oil is shortened;

the dry tank mode needs an external oil tank, the complexity and cost of a lubricating system are higher than those of a wet tank method, and the required lubricating oil cannot be obtained in a splashing mode under severe conditions (power failure and oil circuit failure), so that moving parts of a transmission system are damaged due to oil shortage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a lubricating system, a transmission system and a wind driven generator, so that the lubricating mode of the transmission system of the wind driven generator is easy to switch between a dry groove mode and a wet groove mode.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a lubrication system for lubricating a drive train of a wind turbine, comprising: a gear case 1 of a transmission system, in which lubricating oil is stored; a container 2 for storing lubricating oil; a first flow channel 6; a second flow path 7; the first flow passage 6 and the second flow passage 7 are used for communicating the gear box 1 and the container 2, respectively; a first pump device 4 provided on the first flow passage 6 between the gear case 1 and the container 2; a valve 8 provided in the second flow path 7; when the wind driven generator works normally, the valve 8 is closed, the first pump device 4 runs at a preset rotating speed, lubricating oil in the gear box 1 flows into the container 2, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is at a first liquid level, and the gear box 1 lubricates the transmission system in a dry groove mode; when the wind driven generator does not work normally, the valve 8 is opened, the first pump device 4 stops running, the lubricating oil in the container 2 flows back into the gear box 1, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is at a second liquid level, the second liquid level is larger than the first liquid level, and the gear box 1 lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode.

Optionally, the connection port of the first flow passage 6 and the gear box 1 is close to the bottom of the gear box 1; the connection port of the first flow channel 6 to the container 2 is near the bottom of the container 2; a connecting port of the second flow passage 7 and the gear box 1 is close to the bottom of the gear box 1, and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the first port of the first flow passage 6; the connection port of the second flow channel 7 and the container 2 is close to the bottom of the container 2 and is located at the same level as the second port of the first flow channel 6.

Optionally, the method further comprises: a third flow channel 9, a second pump device 5 provided on the third flow channel 9; when the wind driven generator works normally, the second pump device 5 runs at a preset rotating speed and is used for cooling lubricating oil in the gear box 1 and enabling the lubricating oil to flow into the container 2 from the third flow channel 9; when the wind power generator is not working properly, the second pump device 5 is operated at a predetermined rotation speed for cooling the lubricant in the container 2 and flowing into the gear box 1 from the third flow passage 9.

Optionally, the container 2 is further provided at a bottom thereof with a first oil suction port 11 connected to one end of the third flow passage 9, the gearbox 1 is further provided at a top thereof with a gearbox oil distributor 10, and the other end of the third flow passage 9 is communicated with the gearbox 1 through the gearbox oil distributor 10.

Optionally, the method further comprises: a first level sensor 12 arranged in the gearbox 1 for measuring a level of lubricating oil in the gearbox 1; a second level sensor 13, arranged in said container 2, for measuring the level of lubricating oil in said container 2.

Optionally, the method further comprises: a controller connected to said first level sensor 12, said second level sensor 13, said first pump means 4, said valve 8 and said second pump means 5, respectively; for controlling the opening or closing of the corresponding first pump device 4, second pump device 5 and valve 8 according to the operating state of the wind turbine or the level information transmitted from the first level sensor 12 or the second level sensor 13.

Optionally, when the wind turbine is not started or idling, the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 are stopped, the first flow channel 6 is closed, the valve 8 is opened, the second flow channel 7 is opened, the liquid level in the gearbox 1 is the same as the liquid level in the container 2, and the gearbox 1 lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode.

Optionally, the normal operating state of the wind power generator comprises: the wind driven generator is in an initial starting state, and the wind driven generator is in a complete running state.

Optionally, when the wind turbine is in an initial starting state, the first pump device 4 operates at a first rotation speed, and the second pump device 5 operates at a second rotation speed, wherein the first rotation speed is greater than the second rotation speed; when the liquid level in the gear box 1 and the liquid level in the container 2 are both at the limit liquid level; the first pump device 4 is operated at the second rotational speed.

Optionally, when the wind power generator is in a full operation state and the transmission system needs to increase the amount of lubricating oil, the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 are both operated at the first rotation speed synchronously, so that the liquid level in the gearbox 1 and the liquid level in the container 2 are still at limit liquid levels.

Optionally, the malfunctioning state of the wind turbine comprises: the wind driven generator enters a switching-out state, and the wind driven generator suddenly fails in operation.

In another aspect, the present invention also provides a drive train of a wind turbine, comprising a lubrication system as described above.

In a further aspect, the invention also provides a wind generator comprising a drive train as claimed above.

The invention has at least one of the following advantages:

the present invention provides a lubrication system for lubrication of a main gearbox of a wind turbine, the lubrication system being adapted to be switched between a dry sump mode and a wet sump mode in an easy manner; it will further be appreciated that the lubrication system of the present invention lubricates the drive train primarily in the dry sump mode, i.e. enabling the gearbox to perform a forced oil injection lubrication function, thereby avoiding the drawbacks of the wet sump mode described above.

The invention also provides a redundancy function, namely when the wind driven generator enters a cut-out state or the wind driven generator is suddenly powered off in operation, the lubrication system is switched from a dry groove mode to a wet groove mode, and the transmission system is lubricated in the wet groove mode, so that the problems existing in the dry groove mode are solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lubrication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process for converting a gearbox in a lubrication system from a wet sump mode to a dry sump mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a gearbox in a lubrication system configured to lubricate a drive system in a dry groove mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wet groove mode of a gearbox in a lubrication system for lubricating the transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The lubrication system, the transmission system and the wind driven generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all used in a non-precise scale for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly aiding in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. To make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a lubrication system for lubricating a drive train of a wind turbine, including: a gear case 1 of a transmission system in which lubricating oil is stored; a container (external oil tank) 2 for storing lubricating oil; a first flow channel 6; a second flow path 7; the first flow passage 6 and the second flow passage 7 are used for communicating the gear box 1 and the container 2, respectively; a first pump device 4 provided on the first flow passage 6 between the gear case 1 and the container 2; a valve 8 provided in the second flow path 7; when the wind driven generator works normally, the valve 8 is closed, the first pump device 4 runs at a preset rotating speed, lubricating oil in the gear box 1 flows into the container 2, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is at a first liquid level, and the gear box 1 lubricates the transmission system in a dry groove mode; when the wind driven generator does not work normally, the valve 8 is opened, the first pump device 4 stops running, the lubricating oil in the container 2 flows back into the gear box 1, so that the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is at a second liquid level, the second liquid level is larger than the first liquid level, and the gear box 1 lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode.

With continued reference to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the connection port of the first flow passage 6 and the gear box 1 is close to the bottom of the gear box 1; the connection port of the first flow channel 6 to the container 2 is near the bottom of the container 2; a connecting port of the second flow passage 7 and the gear box 1 is close to the bottom of the gear box 1, and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the first port of the first flow passage 6; the connection port of the second flow channel 7 and the container 2 is close to the bottom of the container 2 and is located at the same level as the second port of the first flow channel 6.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment further includes: a third flow channel 9, a second pump device 5 provided on the third flow channel 9; when the wind driven generator works normally, the second pump device 5 operates at a preset rotating speed, and is used for cooling lubricating oil in the gear box 1 and flowing the lubricating oil into the container 2 from the third flow passage 9; when the wind power generator is not working properly, the second pump device 5 is operated at a predetermined rotation speed for cooling the lubricant in the container 2 and flowing into the gear box 1 from the third flow passage 9.

As shown in fig. 1, a first oil suction port 11 is further disposed at the bottom of the container 2, and is connected to one end of the third flow passage 9, a gearbox oil distributor 10 is further disposed at the top of the gearbox 1, and the other end of the third flow passage 9 is communicated with the gearbox 1 through the gearbox oil distributor 10.

As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment further includes: a first level sensor 12 arranged in the gearbox 1 for measuring a level of lubricating oil in the gearbox 1; a second level sensor 13, arranged in said container 2, for measuring the level of lubricating oil in said container 2.

In this embodiment, the method further includes: a controller connected to said first level sensor 12, said second level sensor 13, said first pump means 4, said valve 8 and said second pump means 5, respectively; for controlling the opening or closing of the corresponding first pump device 4, second pump device 5 and valve 8 according to the operating state of the wind turbine or the level information transmitted from the first level sensor 12 or the second level sensor 13.

The working process of the lubrication system provided by the embodiment is as follows:

with continued reference to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lubrication system in an initial state, in which the wind turbine is not started or idles, in which both the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 stop operating, and at this time, the first pump device 4 functions as a stop valve, so that the first flow channel 6 is closed (i.e., disconnected), the valve 8 is opened (i.e., the valve 8 is in a connected state), and the second flow channel 7 is connected, and based on a communicator principle, a liquid level of the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is the same as a liquid level of the lubricating oil in the container 2, i.e., the gear box 1 is in a "wet groove" state where a highest point of the liquid level of the lubricating oil, and the gear box 1 lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode.

The normal working state of the wind power generator comprises the following steps: the wind driven generator is in a starting initial state, and the wind driven generator is in a full operation state.

As shown in fig. 2, when the wind turbine is in the initial starting state, the valve 8 is closed (i.e., the valve 8 is in the blocking state), the second flow passage 7 is blocked, and the first pump device 4 is operated at the first rotation speed, so that the lubricant in the gear box 1 flows to the reservoir 2. The second pump device 5 operates at a second rotating speed (the second pump device 5 is started at a low speed), at this time, a large amount of lubricating oil still exists in the gear box 1, the low-speed operation of the second pump device 5 enables the gear box 1 to be in a comprehensive state of forced oil injection lubrication (dry groove mode) and splash lubrication (wet groove mode), the lubricating requirements of the wind driven generator on the transmission system during initial low-load operation of starting and the cooling requirements on the lubricating oil are met, then the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the gear box 1 is gradually reduced, the liquid level of the lubricating oil in the external oil tank 2 is gradually increased, and the gear box 1 is in a process of converting from the wet groove mode state to the dry groove mode state. It is understood that in the present embodiment, the first rotational speed is greater than the second rotational speed.

As shown in fig. 3, when the wind turbine is in a full operation state (i.e. normal operation), the liquid level of the lubricant in the gearbox 1 and the liquid level of the lubricant in the container 2 both reach a limit liquid level, and at this time, the second pump device 5 is switched to high-speed operation, that is, the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 are both operated at the first rotation speed synchronously, the flow rates of the second pump device 5 and the first pump device 4 are the same, and the liquid level in the gearbox 1 and the liquid level in the container 2 are still maintained at the limit liquid level. That is, the gearbox 1 is continuously in the dry groove state with the lowest liquid level, so that the gearbox 1 realizes the function of lubricating the transmission system by forced oil injection (dry groove mode).

In some other embodiments, the liquid level in the gearbox 1 and the liquid level in the vessel 2 are both at a limit level; the first pump device 4 is operated at the second rotational speed. Namely, the first pump device 4 is reduced to a low speed, so that the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 both operate at the second rotating speed, the flow rate of the first pump device 4 and the flow rate of the second pump device 5 are kept the same, and the gearbox 1 is continuously in a dry groove state with the lowest liquid level, so that the gearbox 1 realizes the function of lubricating the transmission system by forced oil injection (dry groove mode). This has the advantage of low power consumption.

Thereafter, when the transmission system needs to be increased in the amount of lubricating oil (i.e. the wind turbine needs a larger amount of lubricating oil), both the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 are synchronously switched to a high speed, i.e. operated at the first rotational speed, so that the liquid level in the gearbox 1 and the liquid level in the container 2 still maintain a limit liquid level, and the gearbox 1 continues to lubricate the transmission system with a forced oil spray (dry sump mode). The mode can meet the lubricating requirement of the wind driven generator under a large load.

As shown in fig. 4, the abnormal operation state of the wind power generator includes: and the wind driven generator enters a switching-out state, and the wind driven generator is suddenly powered off in operation.

Specifically, at this time, the first pump device 4 stops operating, so that the oil path in the first flow passage 6 is disconnected, the valve 8 is communicated, and the oil path in the second flow passage 7 is communicated, the oil level in the gear box 1 rapidly rises due to the principle of the communicating vessel, the oil level in the external oil tank 2 rapidly falls, the gear box 1 is in the process of converting from the "dry groove" state to the "wet groove" state, and finally returns to the "wet groove" state shown in fig. 1.

The operation of the second pump device 5 in this state can accelerate the conversion process of the "dry sump" state into the "wet sump" state of the gearbox 1.

It can be understood that the controller controls the start and stop of the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 and controls the high and low speed and the on and off of the valve 8 based on the state of the fan and the signals of the first liquid level sensor 12 and the first liquid level sensor 13 to achieve the above states, which will not be described in detail herein.

In this embodiment, the external fuel tank 2 may not be sealed. In this embodiment, the external lubrication system 3 may be further disposed on the third flow channel 9, and may be used to implement functions of filtration, oil absorption, flow, temperature, pressure control, and the like of a conventional gearbox lubrication system.

In the present embodiment, the first pump device 4 and the second pump device 5 may be oil pumps, but not limited thereto.

The present embodiment provides a lubrication system for lubrication of a main gearbox of a wind turbine, the lubrication system being adapted to switch between a dry sump mode and a wet sump mode in an easy manner; it will further be appreciated that the lubrication system of the present invention lubricates the drive train primarily in the dry sump mode, i.e. enabling the gearbox to perform a forced oil injection lubrication function, thereby avoiding the drawbacks of the wet sump mode described above.

The present embodiment also provides a redundancy function, that is, when the wind turbine enters a cut-out state or the wind turbine is suddenly powered down during operation, the lubrication system switches from the dry groove mode to the wet groove mode, and lubricates the transmission system in the wet groove mode, thereby solving the above-mentioned problems in the dry groove mode.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

It should be noted that the apparatuses and methods disclosed in the embodiments herein can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, and for example, the flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments herein.

While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.

Claims

1. A lubrication system for lubricating a drive train of a wind turbine, comprising:

a gearbox (1) of a transmission system, in which lubricating oil is stored;

a container (2) for storing lubricating oil;

a first flow passage (6);

a second flow channel (7);

the first flow channel (6) and the second flow channel (7) are respectively used for communicating the gear box (1) and the container (2);

-a first pump device (4) arranged on the first flow channel (6) between the gearbox (1) and the container (2);

a valve (8) disposed on the second flow passage (7);

when the wind driven generator works normally, the valve (8) is closed, the first pump device (4) runs at a preset rotating speed, lubricating oil in the gear box (1) flows into the container (2) so that the lubricating oil in the gear box (1) is at a first liquid level, and the gear box (1) lubricates the transmission system in a dry groove mode;

when the wind driven generator does not work normally, the valve (8) is opened, the first pump device (4) stops running, lubricating oil in the container (2) flows back into the gear box (1) so that the lubricating oil in the gear box (1) is at a second liquid level, the second liquid level is larger than the first liquid level, and the gear box (1) lubricates the transmission system in a wet groove mode.

2. The lubrication system according to claim 1, wherein the connection port of the first flow channel (6) to the gearbox (1) is close to the bottom of the gearbox (1); the connection port of the first flow channel (6) and the container (2) is close to the bottom of the container (2);

a connecting port of the second flow passage (7) and the gear box (1) is close to the bottom of the gear box (1), and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the first port of the first flow passage (6); the connecting port of the second flow passage (7) and the container (2) is close to the bottom of the container (2), and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the second port of the first flow passage (6).

3. The lubrication system of claim 2, further comprising: a third flow channel (9), a second pump device (5) being arranged on the third flow channel (9);

when the wind driven generator works normally, the second pump device (5) runs at a preset rotating speed and is used for cooling lubricating oil in the gear box (1) and enabling the lubricating oil to flow into the container (2) from the third flow passage (9);

when the wind driven generator does not work normally, the second pump device (5) runs at a preset rotating speed and is used for cooling lubricating oil in the container (2) and enabling the lubricating oil to flow into the gear box (1) from the third flow passage (9).

4. The lubrication system according to claim 3, wherein the container (2) is further provided at a bottom thereof with a first oil suction port (11) connected to one end of the third flow passage (9), and the gearbox (1) is further provided at a top thereof with a gearbox oil distributor (10), and the other end of the third flow passage (9) is communicated with the gearbox (1) through the gearbox oil distributor (10).

5. The lubrication system of claim 4, further comprising: a first level sensor (12) arranged in the gearbox (1) for measuring a level of lubricating oil in the gearbox (1);

a second level sensor (13) arranged in the container (2) for measuring a level of lubricating oil in the container (2).

6. The lubrication system of claim 5, further comprising: a controller connected to said first level sensor (12), said second level sensor (13), said first pump means (4), said valve (8) and said second pump means (5), respectively; for controlling the opening or closing of the corresponding first pump device (4), second pump device (5) and valve (8) depending on the operating state of the wind turbine or on the level information transmitted from the first level sensor (12) or second level sensor (13).

7. Lubrication system according to claim 6, characterised in that when the wind turbine is not yet started or idling, both the first pump means (4) and the second pump means (5) are deactivated, the first flow channel (6) is closed, the valve (8) is opened, the second flow channel (7) is open, the level of the liquid in the gearbox (1) and the level of the liquid in the container (2) are the same, and the gearbox (1) lubricates the drive train in wet sump mode.

8. The lubrication system according to claim 7, wherein the normal operating conditions of the wind turbine include: the wind driven generator is in a starting initial state, and the wind driven generator is in a full operation state.

9. The lubrication system of claim 8,

when the wind driven generator is in a starting initial state, the first pump device (4) runs at a first rotating speed, the second pump device (5) runs at a second rotating speed, and the first rotating speed is greater than the second rotating speed;

when the liquid level in the gear box (1) and the liquid level in the container (2) are both at the limit liquid level;

the first pump device (4) is operated at the second rotational speed.

10. The lubrication system of claim 9,

the wind driven generator is in a full operation state, and when the transmission system needs to increase the amount of lubricating oil, the first pump device (4) and the second pump device (5) synchronously operate at the first rotating speed, so that the liquid level in the gear box (1) and the liquid level in the container (2) are still at the limit liquid level.

11. The lubrication system of claim 1, wherein the malfunctioning state of the wind turbine comprises: and the wind driven generator enters a switching-out state, and the wind driven generator is suddenly powered off in operation.

12. A drive train of a wind turbine comprising a lubrication system according to any of claims 1-11.

13. A wind power generator comprising a transmission system according to claim 12.