CN114893293B - Electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integrated system and operation method - Google Patents

Electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integrated system and operation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114893293B
CN114893293B CN202210705453.9A CN202210705453A CN114893293B CN 114893293 B CN114893293 B CN 114893293B CN 202210705453 A CN202210705453 A CN 202210705453A CN 114893293 B CN114893293 B CN 114893293B
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hydraulic
piston
cooling
cavity
pipeline
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CN114893293A (en
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左正兴
李健
贾博儒
冯慧华
刘唱
姜云逸
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P5/00—Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants
    • F01P5/10—Pumping liquid coolant; Arrangements of coolant pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/02—Starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F02B71/04—Adaptations of such engines for special use; Combinations of such engines with apparatus driven thereby
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P7/00—Controlling of coolant flow
    • F01P7/14—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid
    • F01P2007/146—Controlling of coolant flow the coolant being liquid using valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

The invention discloses a free piston engine integrated system of mechanical-electric-hydraulic-cooling coupling and an operation method thereof, relating to the technical field of energy power machinery, wherein the system comprises: the hydraulic energy storage cooling system comprises a hydraulic energy storage cooling system, a linear motor, a left free piston engine and a right free piston engine, wherein the left free piston engine and the right free piston engine are arranged on two sides of the linear motor; the free piston engine integrated system can directly output electric energy and hydraulic energy outwards, is compact in structure and high in power density, and the hydraulic energy storage cooling system cools the linear motor firstly and then cools the free piston engine, so that stepped cooling can be realized, and the energy conversion efficiency of the system is improved.

Description

Electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integrated system and operation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy power machinery, in particular to a free piston engine integrated system with electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupling and an operation method.
Background
With the increasing prominence of energy crisis and environmental pollution, people also put higher and higher requirements on the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the internal combustion engine. Researchers are actively searching for novel energy conversion power devices while optimizing the performance of the traditional internal combustion engine, and free piston engines are gradually developed under the background.
The free piston internal combustion generator is formed by coupling a free piston engine and a linear motor, and energy released by fuel combustion is converted into electric energy to be output through a reciprocating piston mover assembly; the hydraulic free piston engine is formed by coupling a free piston engine and a hydraulic pump, and energy released by fuel combustion is converted into hydraulic energy through a reciprocating piston mover assembly to be output. The hybrid power system can directly output electric energy or hydraulic energy, so that the hybrid power system can be used as an auxiliary power source of a hybrid electric vehicle or a ship and other devices, and is an important research direction of a new energy power system in the future.
The free piston internal combustion engine generator and the hydraulic free piston engine eliminate a crank connecting rod mechanism, and have the characteristics of short energy transfer chain, high power density, flexible and variable compression ratio, strong fuel applicability, multi-module parallel operation and the like. However, the research on free piston internal combustion engine generators and hydraulic free piston engines is still in the technical exploration phase, and no device for structurally coupling the two to output electric energy and hydraulic energy is found in the prior literature.
In addition, in the stable operation process of the free piston internal combustion engine generator, the temperatures of the linear motor and the engine can be gradually increased, so that the energy conversion efficiency of the integrated system is reduced, and even the permanent magnet of the linear motor is demagnetized and failed, so that a cooling structure with reasonable design is required to cool the integrated system, and the stable operation of the integrated system is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated system of a mechanical-electrical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine and an operating method thereof, which can realize interconversion between mechanical energy, electrical energy and hydraulic energy, and perform cascade cooling on a linear motor and the free piston engine while outputting hydraulic energy, thereby improving the energy conversion efficiency of the whole system.
The invention discloses a free piston engine integrated system of mechanical-electric-liquid-cooling coupling, comprising: the hydraulic energy storage cooling system comprises a first hydraulic cavity, a second hydraulic cavity, a heat exchanger, a low-pressure energy accumulator, an intercooler and an energy storage pressure regulator;
the linear motor is arranged between the left free piston engine and the right free piston engine, two ends of a rotor of the linear motor are both connected with hydraulic pistons, a first hydraulic cavity and a second hydraulic cavity are formed between the hydraulic pistons and stators of the linear motors on the corresponding sides, and the hydraulic pistons are connected with the pistons of the free piston engines on the corresponding sides through connecting rods; a first cooling pipeline and a third cooling pipeline which are communicated with the first hydraulic cavity, and a second cooling pipeline and a fourth cooling pipeline which are communicated with the second hydraulic cavity are arranged on the outer surface of the linear motor stator;
a first cooling cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder of the left free piston engine, and a second cooling cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder of the right free piston engine; the first cooling cavity or the second cooling cavity is connected with a third cooling pipeline and a fourth cooling pipeline through pipelines, the first cooling cavity or the second cooling cavity is connected with the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure energy accumulator, and the low-pressure energy accumulator is respectively connected with the first hydraulic cavity and the second hydraulic cavity;
one end of the intercooler is connected with the energy storage pressure regulator, and the other end of the intercooler is connected with the first cooling pipeline and the second cooling pipeline.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic stored energy cooling system further comprises: the hydraulic control system comprises a first hydraulic valve, a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fourth hydraulic valve, a fifth hydraulic valve and a sixth hydraulic valve;
the first hydraulic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the first hydraulic cavity and the low-pressure accumulator;
the second hydraulic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the second hydraulic cavity and the low-pressure accumulator;
the third hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic cavity and the first cooling pipeline;
the fourth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic cavity and the second cooling pipeline;
the fifth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic cavity and the third cooling pipeline;
the sixth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic cavity and the fourth cooling pipeline.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the hydraulic stored energy cooling system further comprises: a first check valve, a second check valve, a third check valve, and a fourth check valve;
the first check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the first cooling cavity and the third cooling pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline;
the second check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the second cooling cavity and the third cooling pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline;
the third check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the first cooling cavity and the heat exchanger;
the fourth check valve is located on a pipeline between the second cooling cavity and the heat exchanger.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the linear motor mover is disposed in the middle of the linear motor stator, and the linear motor further includes, in addition to the linear motor stator, the linear motor mover, the first cooling pipe, the second cooling pipe, the third cooling pipe, and the fourth cooling pipe: an electric energy converter;
the electric energy converter is used for outputting electric energy to the outside after converting the electromotive force generated by the linear motor rotor cutting the magnetic induction lines of the linear motor stator.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the left free-piston engine further comprises: the engine comprises a first oil sprayer, a first air inlet, a first combustion chamber, a first cooling fin, a first spark plug, a first piston ring, a first piston pin, a first exhaust port, a first connecting rod and a first air sweeping chamber; the right free-piston engine further comprising: the first oil injector, a first air inlet, a first combustion chamber, a first cooling fin, a first spark plug, a first piston ring, a first piston pin, a first exhaust port, a first connecting rod and a first scavenging chamber;
the first spark plug or the second spark plug is arranged on a cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, the first cooling fin or the second cooling fin is arranged on the cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, and the first oil injector or the second oil injector is arranged on an air inlet pipeline of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine;
the first piston ring or the second piston ring is arranged at the head part of the first piston or the second piston, and the first combustion chamber or the second combustion chamber is formed between the first piston ring or the second piston ring and the cylinder cover on the corresponding side; the tail part of the first piston or the second piston is connected with one end of a first connecting rod or a second connecting rod through a first piston pin or a second piston pin, the other end of the first connecting rod or the second connecting rod is connected with a first hydraulic piston or a second hydraulic piston at two ends of the linear motor rotor, and a first scavenging chamber or a second scavenging chamber is formed between the first piston or the second piston and the first hydraulic piston or the second hydraulic piston;
the first combustion chamber is provided with a first air inlet and a first exhaust port, and the second combustion chamber is provided with a second air inlet and a second exhaust port.
As a further improvement of the invention, the first piston pin, the first connecting rod, the first hydraulic piston, the linear motor mover, the second hydraulic piston, the second connecting rod, the second piston pin and the second piston are sequentially connected together to form a piston mover assembly of the system.
The invention also discloses an operation method based on the free piston engine integrated system, which comprises the following steps: a cold start process and a steady operation process;
and (3) cold start process: the linear motor works in a motor mode, the linear motor rotor is driven to drive the piston rotor assembly to reciprocate, energy is continuously accumulated in the piston rotor assembly and gas in a combustion chamber of the free piston engine, the compression ratio and the pressure in a cylinder of the free piston engine are continuously increased until the required ignition condition of the engine is reached, an oil sprayer starts oil injection in the next cycle, combustible mixed gas enters the combustion chamber to be compressed and ignited, and cold starting is finished;
and (3) stabilizing the power generation process: after cold starting is finished, the linear motor is switched to a generator mode, combustible mixed gas in the free piston engine combustion chambers on the left side and the right side is alternately combusted, expanded and worked, and a piston rotor assembly is pushed to reciprocate, so that a linear motor rotor is driven to cut a magnetic induction line, and electromotive force is generated and is output outwards after passing through an electric energy converter; in the process, the hydraulic valve is opened and closed alternately, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is pumped out, the linear motor can be cooled through the cooling pipeline when the liquid is pumped out, and a part of the liquid after passing through the cooling pipeline enters the energy storage converter after being cooled by the intercooler to output hydraulic energy outwards; the other part of the liquid is pumped into a cooling cavity to cool the free piston engine, and the liquid passing through the cooling cavity exchanges heat with the outside in a heat exchanger and then enters a low-pressure energy accumulator to circulate.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the cold starting process, the first hydraulic valve to the sixth hydraulic valve are all in an opening state.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the stabilizing the power generation process specifically includes:
after cold starting is finished, the linear motor is switched to a generator mode, the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards, the second combustion chamber is in a compression stroke, and when the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards to a set position X R And when the second spark plug is ignited, the combustible mixture is ignited, the piston rotor assembly can continue to move rightwards due to the inertia force until the top dead center is reached, and at the moment: a first hydraulic valve and a fourth hydraulic valve are opened, and a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fifth hydraulic valve and a sixth hydraulic valve are closed; the combustible mixture in the second combustion chamber is combusted and expanded, the pressure in the combustion chamber is rapidly increased, the piston rotor assembly starts to be pushed to move leftwards in a reverse direction, the first combustion chamber is in a compression stroke, liquid in the second hydraulic cavity enters the energy storage pressure regulator after passing through the second cooling pipeline and the intercooler, and liquid in the low-pressure energy accumulator passes through the energy storage pressure regulatorA pipeline where the first hydraulic valve is located is filled into the first hydraulic cavity;
when the piston mover assembly moves to the set position X 2 When the hydraulic system is started, the sixth hydraulic valve is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and liquid in the second hydraulic cavity starts to enter the cooling cavity through the fourth cooling pipeline and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
when the piston rotor assembly continues to move leftwards to the set position X L When the piston rotor assembly moves leftwards due to inertia force until reaching the top dead center, at the moment: the second hydraulic valve and the third hydraulic valve are opened, and the first hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve, the fifth hydraulic valve and the sixth hydraulic valve are closed; combustible mixed gas in the first combustion chamber is combusted and expanded, the pressure in the combustion chamber is rapidly increased, the piston mover assembly is pushed to move rightwards in a reverse direction, liquid in the first hydraulic cavity enters the energy storage pressure regulator after passing through the first cooling pipeline and the intercooler, and liquid in the low-pressure energy storage device is rapidly filled into the second hydraulic cavity through a pipeline where the second hydraulic valve is located;
when the piston mover assembly moves to the set position X 1 When the engine is started, the fifth hydraulic valve is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and liquid in the first hydraulic cavity starts to enter the cooling cavity through the third cooling pipeline and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
thus circulating.
As a further development of the invention, the setting position X R 、X L 、X 1 、X 2 The engine can be flexibly arranged according to the structure and the operation condition of the free piston engine; and different hydraulic energy is output by controlling the opening degrees and the opening times of the third hydraulic valve and the fourth hydraulic valve, the opening times of the fifth hydraulic valve and the sixth hydraulic valve and adjusting the energy storage pressure regulator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the integrated system can directly output electric energy and hydraulic energy outwards, and has compact structure and high power density;
2. the liquid in the hydraulic cavity in the integrated system can be pumped out to cool the linear motor, so that the power generation efficiency of the linear motor is improved, the temperature rise of the liquid after cooling the linear motor is low, the free piston engine can be continuously cooled, the stepped cooling is realized, and the energy conversion efficiency of the integrated system is improved;
3. in the stable operation process of the integrated system, the output of different pressure energy can be realized by controlling the opening of the hydraulic valve and the energy storage pressure regulator.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integrated system and method of operation of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for operating an electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integrated system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-linear motor stator, 2-linear motor rotor, 3-first cooling pipeline, 4-second cooling pipeline, 5-third cooling pipeline, 6-fourth cooling pipeline, 7-first hydraulic cavity, 8-second hydraulic cavity, 9-first hydraulic valve, 10-second hydraulic valve, 11-third hydraulic valve, 12-fourth hydraulic valve, 13-fifth hydraulic valve, 14-sixth hydraulic valve, 15-first hydraulic piston, 16-second hydraulic piston, 17-first oil sprayer, 18-first air inlet, 19-first combustion chamber, 20-first cooling fin, 21-first spark plug, 22-first piston, 23-first piston ring, 24-first piston pin 25-first cooling cavity, 26-first exhaust port, 27-first connecting rod, 28-first scavenging chamber, 29-second fuel injector, 30-second intake port, 31-second combustion chamber, 32-second cooling fin, 33-second spark plug, 34-second piston, 35-second piston ring, 36-second piston pin, 37-second cooling cavity, 38-second exhaust port, 39-second connecting rod, 40-second scavenging chamber, 41-intercooler, 42-energy storage pressure regulator, 43-electric energy converter, 44-first check valve, 45-second check valve, 46-third check valve, 47-fourth check valve, 48-heat exchanger, 49-low pressure accumulator.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an integrated system of an electromechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine, comprising: the system comprises a linear motor, a left free piston engine, a right free piston engine and a hydraulic energy storage cooling system; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the linear motor includes: the linear motor comprises a linear motor stator 1, a linear motor rotor 2, an electric energy converter 43, a first cooling pipeline 3, a second cooling pipeline 4, a third cooling pipeline 5 and a fourth cooling pipeline 6;
the left free piston engine includes: a first fuel injector 17, a first intake port 18, a first combustion chamber 19, a first heat sink 20, a first ignition plug 21, a first piston 22, a first piston ring 23, a first piston pin 24, a first cooling cavity 25, a first exhaust port 26, a first link 27, a first scavenging chamber 28;
the right free-piston engine includes: a second injector 29, a second intake port 30, a second combustion chamber 31, a second heat sink 32, a second ignition plug 33, a second piston 34, a second piston ring 35, a second piston pin 36, a second cooling cavity 37, a second exhaust port 38, a second connecting rod 39, and a second scavenging chamber 40;
the hydraulic energy storage cooling system comprises: the hydraulic system comprises a first hydraulic cavity 7, a second hydraulic cavity 8, a first hydraulic valve 9, a second hydraulic valve 10, a third hydraulic valve 11, a fourth hydraulic valve 12, a fifth hydraulic valve 13, a sixth hydraulic valve 14, a first hydraulic piston 15, a second hydraulic piston 16, an intercooler 41, a heat exchanger 48, an energy storage pressure regulator 42, a low-pressure energy accumulator 49, a first check valve 44, a second check valve 45, a third check valve 46, a fourth check valve 47, a cooling cavity, a cooling pipeline and a connecting pipeline.
The invention relates to a left free piston engine, a right free piston engine, a linear motor and a hydraulic energy storage cooling system, which are arranged and connected in a way that:
the linear motor is arranged between a left free piston engine and a right free piston engine, two ends of a rotor 2 of the linear motor are connected with a first hydraulic piston 15 and a second hydraulic piston 16, a first hydraulic cavity 7 is formed between the first hydraulic piston 15 and one side of a stator 1 of the linear motor, and a second hydraulic cavity 8 is formed between the second hydraulic piston 16 and the other side of the stator 1 of the linear motor; the outer surface of the linear motor stator 1 is provided with a first cooling pipeline 3 and a third cooling pipeline 5 which are communicated with a first hydraulic cavity 7, and a second cooling pipeline 4 and a fourth cooling pipeline 6 which are communicated with a second hydraulic cavity 8.
The outer wall of the cylinder of the left free piston engine is provided with a first cooling cavity 25, and the outer wall of the cylinder of the right free piston engine is provided with a second cooling cavity 37; the first cooling cavity 25 or the second cooling cavity 37 is connected with the third cooling pipeline 5 and the fourth cooling pipeline 6 through pipelines, the first cooling cavity 25 or the second cooling cavity 37 is connected with a heat exchanger 48 through pipelines, the heat exchanger 48 is connected with a low-pressure accumulator 49, and the low-pressure accumulator 49 is respectively connected with the first hydraulic cavity 7 and the second hydraulic cavity 8; intercooler 41 has one end connected to accumulator regulator 42 and the other end connected to first cooling pipe 3 and second cooling pipe 4.
The first spark plug 21 or the second spark plug 33 is installed on a cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, the first cooling fin 20 or the second cooling fin 32 is installed on the cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, and the first fuel injector 17 or the second fuel injector 29 is installed on an air inlet pipeline of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine; the first piston ring 23 or the second piston ring 35 is arranged at the head part of the first piston 22 or the second piston 34, and a first combustion chamber 19 or a second combustion chamber 31 is formed between the first piston ring 23 or the second piston ring 35 and the cylinder head on the corresponding side; the tail part of the first piston 22 or the second piston 24 is connected with one end of a first connecting rod 27 or a second connecting rod 39 through a first piston pin 24 or a second piston pin 36, the other end of the first connecting rod 27 or the second connecting rod 39 is connected with a first hydraulic piston 15 or a second hydraulic piston 16 at two ends of the linear motor mover 2, and a first scavenging chamber 28 or a second scavenging chamber 40 is formed between the first piston 22 or the second piston 34 and the first hydraulic piston 15 or the second hydraulic piston 16; the first combustion chamber 19 is provided with a first intake port 18 and a first exhaust port 26, and the second combustion chamber 31 is provided with a second intake port 30 and a second exhaust port 38.
The first hydraulic valve 9 is arranged on the pipeline between the first hydraulic chamber 7 and the low pressure accumulator 49; the second hydraulic valve 10 is arranged on a pipeline between the second hydraulic chamber 8 and the low pressure accumulator 49; a third hydraulic valve 11 is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic chamber 7 and the first cooling duct 3; a fourth hydraulic valve 12 is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic chamber 8 and the second cooling duct 4; a fifth hydraulic valve 13 is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic chamber 7 and the third cooling duct 5; a sixth hydraulic valve 14 is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic chamber 8 and the fourth cooling duct 6.
A first check valve 44 is arranged on the line between the first cooling chamber 25 and the third and fourth cooling ducts 5, 6; a second check valve 45 is arranged on the line between the second cooling chamber 37 and the third and fourth cooling ducts 5, 6; a third check valve 46 is arranged on the line between the first cooling chamber 25 and the heat exchanger 48; a fourth check valve 47 is arranged on the line between the second cooling chamber 37 and the heat exchanger 48.
The first piston 22, the first piston pin 24, the first connecting rod 27, the first hydraulic piston 15, the linear motor mover 2, the second hydraulic piston 16, the second connecting rod 39, the second piston pin 36 and the second piston 34 are connected together in sequence to form a moving part in the system, which is called a piston mover assembly for short.
Further, in the present invention,
the first and second oil injectors are used for injecting fuel, the first and second spark plugs are used for igniting combustible mixed gas in a combustion chamber, the first and second piston rings are used for preventing gas working media from leaking in the movement process of the piston, the first to fourth cooling pipelines are used for cooling a linear motor stator, the first and second cooling cavities are used for cooling the cylinder, the first to sixth hydraulic valves are used for controlling inflow and outflow of liquid in the hydraulic cavity, the energy storage pressure regulator is used for adjusting the size of output hydraulic energy, the intercooler and the heat exchanger are used for cooling the liquid in the pipelines, and the electric energy converter is used for outputting electric energy to the outside after electric energy conversion by using electromotive force generated by cutting a magnetic induction line of the linear motor stator by a linear motor rotor.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides an operation method based on the above-mentioned free piston engine integrated system, including: a cold start process and a steady operation process;
1) And (3) cold start process:
the linear motor works in a motor mode, the linear motor rotor is driven to drive the piston rotor assembly to reciprocate, energy is continuously accumulated in the piston rotor assembly and gas in a combustion chamber of the free piston engine, the compression ratio and the pressure in a cylinder of the free piston engine are continuously increased until the required ignition condition of the engine is reached, an oil sprayer starts oil injection in the next cycle, combustible mixed gas enters the combustion chamber to be compressed and ignited, and cold starting is finished; in the cold starting process, the first hydraulic valve to the sixth hydraulic valve are all in an opening state;
the detailed working process comprises the following steps:
when the linear motor works in a motor mode, the linear motor mover 2 is driven to drive the piston mover assembly to reciprocate, the gas in the piston mover assembly and the combustion chamber continuously accumulates energy, the compression ratio of the free piston engine and the pressure in the combustion chamber continuously increase until the conditions required by ignition are met, the oil injectors 17 and 29 start to inject oil alternately in the next working cycle, combustible mixed gas alternately enters the combustion chambers 19 and 31, and when the piston mover assembly runs to a set position X leftwards L When the cold starting is finished, the first spark plug 21 is ignited, the combustible mixture is ignited, the pressure in the combustion chamber is rapidly increased, the piston rotor assembly is pushed to move rightwards, and the cold starting is finished;
2) And (3) stabilizing the power generation process:
after cold starting is finished, the linear motor is switched to a generator mode, combustible mixed gas in the free piston engine combustion chambers on the left side and the right side is alternately combusted, expanded and worked, and a piston rotor assembly is pushed to reciprocate, so that a linear motor rotor is driven to cut a magnetic induction line, and electromotive force is generated and is output outwards after passing through an electric energy converter; in the process, the hydraulic valve is opened and closed alternately, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is pumped out, the linear motor can be cooled through the cooling pipeline when the liquid is pumped out, and a part of the liquid after passing through the cooling pipeline enters the energy storage converter after being cooled by the intercooler to output hydraulic energy outwards; the other part of the liquid is pumped into a cooling cavity for cooling the free piston engine, and the liquid passing through the cooling cavity exchanges heat with the outside in a heat exchanger and then enters a low-pressure energy accumulator for circulation;
the detailed working process comprises the following steps:
after the cold start is completed, the linear motor is switched to the generator mode, the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards, the second combustion chamber 31 is in the compression stroke, the hydraulic valves are all in the opening state in the process, and when the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards to the set position X R At this time, the second spark plug 33 is ignited, the combustible mixture is ignited, and the piston mover assembly continues to move rightward due to the inertial force until the top dead center is reached, at which time: the first hydraulic valve 9 and the fourth hydraulic valve 12 are opened, the second hydraulic valve 10, the third hydraulic valve 11, the fifth hydraulic valve 13 and the sixth hydraulic valve 14 are closed, the combustible mixture in the second combustion chamber 31 is combusted and expanded, the pressure in the combustion chamber is rapidly increased, the piston rotor assembly is pushed to move leftwards in a reverse direction, the first combustion chamber 19 is in a compression stroke, the liquid in the second hydraulic cavity 8 enters the energy storage and pressure regulation device 42 after passing through the second cooling pipeline 4 and the intercooler 41, and the liquid in the low-pressure energy accumulator 49 is rapidly charged into the first hydraulic cavity 7 through the pipeline where the first hydraulic valve 9 is located;
when the piston rotor assembly moves to the set position X 2 When the sixth hydraulic valve 14 is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and the liquid in the second hydraulic cavity 8 starts to enter the cooling cavities 25 and 37 through the fourth cooling pipeline 6 and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
when the piston rotor assembly continues to move leftwards to the set position X L At this time, the first spark plug 21 is ignited, the combustible mixture is ignited, and the piston mover assembly continues to move leftward due to the inertial force until the top dead center is reached, at which time: the second hydraulic valve 10 and the third hydraulic valve 11 are opened, the first hydraulic valve 6, the fourth hydraulic valve 12, the fifth hydraulic valve 13 and the sixth hydraulic valve 14 are closed, the combustible mixed gas in the first combustion chamber 19 is combusted and expanded, the pressure in the combustion chamber is rapidly increased, the piston mover assembly is pushed to move rightwards in a reverse direction, the liquid in the first hydraulic cavity 7 enters the energy storage pressure regulator 42 after passing through the first cooling pipeline 3 and the intercooler 41, and the liquid in the low-pressure energy accumulator 49 is rapidly filled into the second hydraulic cavity 8 through a pipeline where the second hydraulic valve 10 is located;
when the piston rotor assembly moves to the set position X 1 When the hydraulic system is started, the fifth hydraulic valve 13 is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and liquid in the first hydraulic cavity 7 starts to enter the cooling cavities 25 and 37 through the third cooling pipeline 5 and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
when the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards to a set position X R At this time, the second spark plug 33 is ignited, and the cycle is repeated in the same manner. The piston rotor assembly reciprocates to drive the linear motor rotor 2 to cut the magnetic induction lines, electromotive force is generated and is output outwards after being processed by the electric energy converter 43, and chemical energy of fuel is converted into electric energy; by controlling the opening degrees of the third hydraulic valve 11 and the fourth hydraulic valve 12, the opening times of the fifth hydraulic valve 13 and the sixth hydraulic valve 14 and adjusting the energy storage pressure regulator 42, different hydraulic energy outputs can be obtained, and the chemical energy of the fuel can be converted into hydraulic energy;
the pumped high-pressure liquid is used for cooling the linear motor when passing through the cooling pipeline, so that the power generation efficiency of the linear motor is improved, the temperature of the linear motor is lower than that of the engine, the cooled liquid can still be continuously used for cooling the free piston engine, the pumped liquid enters the cooling cavities 25 and 37 after passing through the third cooling channel 5 and the fourth cooling channel 6 and is used for cooling the free piston engine, so that the stepped cooling is realized, the liquid passing through the cooling cavities 25 and 37 enters the heat exchanger 48 to exchange heat with the outside and is cooled, and then enters the low-pressure energy accumulator 49 to circulate.
Further, the set position X R 、X L 、X 1 、X 2 The engine can be flexibly arranged according to the structure and the operation condition of the free piston engine; by controlling the opening degrees and the opening times of the third hydraulic valve and the fourth hydraulic valve, the opening times of the fifth hydraulic valve and the sixth hydraulic valve and adjusting the energy storage pressure regulator 42, the output of different hydraulic energy can be realized, so that the proportion of the electric power output and the hydraulic power output of the free piston engine integrated system is changed.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the integrated system can directly output electric energy and hydraulic energy outwards, and has compact structure and high power density;
2. the liquid in the hydraulic cavity in the integrated system can be pumped out to cool the linear motor, so that the power generation efficiency of the linear motor is improved, the temperature rise of the liquid after cooling the linear motor is low, the free piston engine can be continuously cooled, the stepped cooling is realized, and the energy conversion efficiency of the integrated system is improved;
3. in the stable operation process of the integrated system, the output of different pressure energy can be realized by controlling the opening of the hydraulic valve and the energy storage pressure regulator.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An electro-mechanical-hydraulic-cooling coupled free piston engine integration system, comprising: the hydraulic energy storage cooling system comprises a first hydraulic cavity, a second hydraulic cavity, a heat exchanger, a low-pressure energy accumulator, an intercooler and an energy storage pressure regulator;
the linear motor is arranged between the left free piston engine and the right free piston engine, two ends of a rotor of the linear motor are both connected with hydraulic pistons, a first hydraulic cavity and a second hydraulic cavity are formed between the hydraulic pistons and stators of the linear motors on the corresponding sides, and the hydraulic pistons are connected with the pistons of the free piston engines on the corresponding sides through connecting rods; the outer surface of the linear motor stator is provided with a first cooling pipeline and a third cooling pipeline which are communicated with the first hydraulic cavity, and a second cooling pipeline and a fourth cooling pipeline which are communicated with the second hydraulic cavity;
a first cooling cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder of the left free piston engine, and a second cooling cavity is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder of the right free piston engine; the first cooling cavity or the second cooling cavity is connected with a third cooling pipeline and a fourth cooling pipeline through pipelines, the first cooling cavity or the second cooling cavity is connected with the heat exchanger through a pipeline, the heat exchanger is connected with the low-pressure energy accumulator, and the low-pressure energy accumulator is respectively connected with the first hydraulic cavity and the second hydraulic cavity;
one end of the intercooler is connected with the energy storage pressure regulator, and the other end of the intercooler is connected with the first cooling pipeline and the second cooling pipeline.
2. The free-piston engine integrated system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic stored energy cooling system further comprises: the hydraulic control system comprises a first hydraulic valve, a second hydraulic valve, a third hydraulic valve, a fourth hydraulic valve, a fifth hydraulic valve and a sixth hydraulic valve;
the first hydraulic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the first hydraulic cavity and the low-pressure accumulator;
the second hydraulic valve is arranged on a pipeline between the second hydraulic cavity and the low-pressure accumulator;
the third hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic cavity and the first cooling pipeline;
the fourth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic cavity and the second cooling pipeline;
the fifth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the first hydraulic cavity and the third cooling pipeline;
the sixth hydraulic valve is arranged at the interface of the second hydraulic cavity and the fourth cooling pipeline.
3. The free-piston engine integrated system of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic stored energy cooling system further comprises: a first check valve, a second check valve, a third check valve, and a fourth check valve;
the first check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the first cooling cavity and the third cooling pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline;
the second check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the second cooling cavity and the third cooling pipeline and the fourth cooling pipeline;
the third check valve is positioned on a pipeline between the first cooling cavity and the heat exchanger;
the fourth check valve is located on a pipeline between the second cooling cavity and the heat exchanger.
4. The free-piston engine integrated system of claim 1, wherein the linear motor mover is disposed at a middle portion of the linear motor stator, and the linear motor further comprises, in addition to the linear motor stator, the linear motor mover, the first cooling duct, the second cooling duct, the third cooling duct, and the fourth cooling duct: an electric energy converter;
the electric energy converter is used for outputting electric energy to the outside after converting the electromotive force generated by the linear motor rotor cutting the magnetic induction lines of the linear motor stator.
5. The free-piston engine integration system of claim 1, wherein the left free-piston engine further comprises: the engine comprises a first oil sprayer, a first air inlet, a first combustion chamber, a first cooling fin, a first spark plug, a first piston ring, a first piston pin, a first exhaust port, a first connecting rod and a first air sweeping chamber; the right free-piston engine further comprising: the first oil injector, a first air inlet, a first combustion chamber, a first cooling fin, a first spark plug, a first piston ring, a first piston pin, a first exhaust port, a first connecting rod and a first scavenging chamber;
the first spark plug or the second spark plug is arranged on a cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, the first cooling fin or the second cooling fin is arranged on the cylinder cover of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine, and the first oil injector or the second oil injector is arranged on an air inlet pipeline of the left free piston engine or the right free piston engine;
the first piston ring or the second piston ring is arranged at the head part of the first piston or the second piston, and the first combustion chamber or the second combustion chamber is formed between the first piston ring or the second piston ring and the cylinder cover on the corresponding side; the tail part of the first piston or the second piston is connected with one end of a first connecting rod or a second connecting rod through a first piston pin or a second piston pin, the other end of the first connecting rod or the second connecting rod is connected with a first hydraulic piston or a second hydraulic piston at two ends of the linear motor rotor, and a first scavenging chamber or a second scavenging chamber is formed between the first piston or the second piston and the first hydraulic piston or the second hydraulic piston;
the first combustion chamber is provided with a first air inlet and a first exhaust port, and the second combustion chamber is provided with a second air inlet and a second exhaust port.
6. The free-piston engine integration system of claim 5, wherein the first piston, the first piston pin, the first connecting rod, the first hydraulic piston, the linear motor mover, the second hydraulic piston, the second connecting rod, the second piston pin, and the second piston are sequentially coupled together to form a piston mover assembly of the system.
7. A method of operating a free-piston engine integration system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising: a cold start process and a steady operation process;
and (3) cold start process: the linear motor works in a motor mode, the linear motor rotor is driven to drive the piston rotor assembly to reciprocate, energy is continuously accumulated in the piston rotor assembly and gas in a combustion chamber of the free piston engine, the compression ratio and the pressure in a cylinder of the free piston engine are continuously increased until the required ignition condition of the engine is reached, an oil sprayer starts oil injection in the next cycle, combustible mixed gas enters the combustion chamber to be compressed and ignited, and cold starting is finished;
and (3) stabilizing the power generation process: after cold starting is finished, the linear motor is switched to a generator mode, combustible mixed gas in the free piston engine combustion chambers on the left side and the right side is alternately combusted, expanded and worked, and a piston rotor assembly is pushed to reciprocate, so that a linear motor rotor is driven to cut a magnetic induction line, and electromotive force is generated and is output outwards after passing through an electric energy converter; in the process, the hydraulic valve is opened and closed alternately, liquid in the hydraulic cavity is pumped out, the linear motor can be cooled through the cooling pipeline when the liquid is pumped out, and a part of the liquid after passing through the cooling pipeline enters the energy storage converter after being cooled by the intercooler to output hydraulic energy outwards; the other part of the liquid is pumped into a cooling cavity to cool the free piston engine, and the liquid passing through the cooling cavity exchanges heat with the outside in a heat exchanger and then enters a low-pressure energy accumulator to circulate.
8. The method of operation of claim 7, wherein the first through sixth hydraulic valves are all open during a cold start.
9. The operating method according to claim 8, wherein stabilizing the power generation process specifically comprises:
after cold starting is finished, the linear motor is switched to a generator mode, the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards, the second combustion chamber is in a compression stroke, and when the piston rotor assembly moves rightwards to a set position X R And when the second spark plug is ignited, the combustible mixture is ignited, the piston rotor assembly can continue to move rightwards due to the inertia force until the top dead center is reached, and at the moment: the first hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve are opened, the second hydraulic valve,Closing the third hydraulic valve, the fifth hydraulic valve and the sixth hydraulic valve; combustible mixed gas in the second combustion chamber combusts and expands, the pressure in the combustion chamber rapidly increases, the piston rotor assembly starts to be pushed to move leftwards in a reverse direction, the first combustion chamber is in a compression stroke, liquid in the second hydraulic cavity enters the energy storage pressure regulator after passing through the second cooling pipeline and the intercooler, and liquid in the low-pressure energy accumulator is filled into the first hydraulic cavity through a pipeline where the first hydraulic valve is located;
when the piston rotor assembly moves to the set position X 2 When the hydraulic system is started, the sixth hydraulic valve is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and liquid in the second hydraulic cavity starts to enter the cooling cavity through the fourth cooling pipeline and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
when the piston rotor assembly continues to move leftwards to the set position X L When the first spark plug is ignited, the combustible mixed gas is ignited, the piston rotor assembly continues to move leftwards due to the inertia force until the top dead center is reached, and at the moment: the second hydraulic valve and the third hydraulic valve are opened, and the first hydraulic valve, the fourth hydraulic valve, the fifth hydraulic valve and the sixth hydraulic valve are closed; combustible mixed gas in the first combustion chamber combusts and expands, the pressure in the combustion chamber rapidly increases, the piston rotor assembly starts to be pushed to move rightwards in a reverse direction, liquid in the first hydraulic cavity enters the energy storage pressure regulator after passing through the first cooling pipeline and the intercooler, and liquid in the low-pressure energy accumulator is rapidly filled into the second hydraulic cavity through a pipeline where the second hydraulic valve is located;
when the piston rotor assembly moves to the set position X 1 When the engine is started, the fifth hydraulic valve is opened, the states of other hydraulic valves are kept unchanged, and liquid in the first hydraulic cavity starts to enter the cooling cavity 25 and the middle part through the third cooling pipeline and is used for cooling the free piston engine;
thus circulating.
10. Operating method according to claim 9, characterised in that the position X is set R 、X L 、X 1 、X 2 The engine can be flexibly arranged according to the structure and the operation condition of the free piston engine; by controlling the opening degree of the third hydraulic valve and the fourth hydraulic valveAnd the opening time of the fifth hydraulic valve and the opening time of the sixth hydraulic valve and the adjustment of the energy storage pressure regulator are controlled to realize the output of different hydraulic energy.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3145660A (en) * 1962-02-13 1964-08-25 Bush Vannevar Free piston hydraulic pump
CN87105140A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-03-02 鹿特丹船舶修造厂公司 Free piston motor with hydraulic pressure or pneumatic gearing
DE19745810A1 (en) * 1997-10-16 1998-05-14 Gerold Ing Grad Bieber Free-piston IC engine for compact city vehicle
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US6035637A (en) * 1997-07-01 2000-03-14 Sunpower, Inc. Free-piston internal combustion engine
RU2240434C1 (en) * 2003-10-22 2004-11-20 Кондрашов Александр Евгеньевич Method of operation and design of internal combustion engine
CN101372913A (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-02-25 清华大学深圳研究生院 Double group component hydraulic free-piston engine
CN113266464A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-17 北京理工大学 Free piston internal combustion linear generator operation system and operation control method

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3145660A (en) * 1962-02-13 1964-08-25 Bush Vannevar Free piston hydraulic pump
CN87105140A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-03-02 鹿特丹船舶修造厂公司 Free piston motor with hydraulic pressure or pneumatic gearing
US6035637A (en) * 1997-07-01 2000-03-14 Sunpower, Inc. Free-piston internal combustion engine
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