CN114890651B - System and method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants - Google Patents
System and method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- CN114890651B CN114890651B CN202210624769.5A CN202210624769A CN114890651B CN 114890651 B CN114890651 B CN 114890651B CN 202210624769 A CN202210624769 A CN 202210624769A CN 114890651 B CN114890651 B CN 114890651B
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- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 76
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012824 chemical production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/12—Sludge, slurries or mixtures of liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
- Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of waste disposal and recycling. In particular to a system and a method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants. The system comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are connected to the odor absorption tower after being combined; the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants below 80 ℃ to avoid the pollutants from escaping in a gas form; the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after the low-temperature drying is finished below 100 microns; the reaction unit is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range; the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas; the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the gas of the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowed from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of waste disposal and recycling. In particular to a system and a method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants.
Background
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the most typical refractory organic chlorine contaminants, a class of persistent organic contaminants that are widely distributed in the environment and are difficult to degrade. Because of the hydrophobicity and lipophilicity of PCBs, soil becomes the ultimate destination of the soil in the environment, and thus, restoration of soil contaminated with PCBs is becoming more and more important. Soil is the largest receptor for PCBs and is also the final destination for PCBs. The main sources of PCBs in the soil are: discharge of waste water containing PCBs, leakage of solid waste containing PCBs, garbage incineration, atmospheric sedimentation of long-distance migration, and the like. The polluted soil of PCBs is mainly distributed in PCBs chemical production factories, decomposition points containing PCBs capacitors, temporary storage sites of waste PCBs power equipment, surrounding areas and the like.
The repairing principle is divided into physical repairing, chemical repairing and biological repairing. Wherein, the high-temperature incineration technology in chemical restoration is the most widely used for treating persistent organic pollutants, and requires 870-1200 ℃ high temperature, which is a technology for ectopic restoration of PCBs contaminated soil. The soil polluted by PCBs is placed in an incinerator, sufficient oxygen is blown in, and then the PCBs are combusted at high temperature to generate harmless substances. The method can treat soil with heavy pollution degree of PCBs, and has large treatment capacity and high treatment efficiency. However, in the high-temperature incineration of PCBs, the physicochemical properties of the soil are destroyed, and new POPs such as dioxin and furan are generated. These substances can contaminate the atmosphere, water and soil after entering the environment and even harm humans. Therefore, the operation condition of the equipment needs to be continuously monitored in the incineration process, and the reaction temperature is strictly controlled.
The sludge usually contains a large amount of water, the water content is up to 97.5% -99.5%, the volume of the sludge is huge, the subsequent treatment process and transportation are very difficult, the treatment cost is greatly increased, and the sewage plant is usually delivered to be disposed after being dehydrated to about 80% by a belt filter press, but the water content is still higher. The cement kiln cooperation needs to be subjected to dehydration, baking, intervention and other technical methods for reducing the water content of the sludge, and the cement kiln can be treated on a large scale, but the cement kiln cooperation also has the defect of consuming a large amount of energy sources in pretreatment.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are:
(1) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are treated at high temperature, so that the energy consumption is high, and the subsequent flue gas is likely to generate new POPs pollutants such as dioxin, furan and the like, and the flue gas needs to be treated in a targeted manner.
(2) The high temperature of 870-1200 ℃ damages the physicochemical properties of the soil, and restricts the reutilization of the subsequent soil.
(3) When the tail gas is treated, firstly, the medium-high temperature waste heat is wasted, and secondly, extra energy and equipment are needed for treating the tail gas, so that the energy waste is caused.
(4) The energy consumption and the cost of independently reducing the water content of the sludge are high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a system and a method for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants.
The first object of the invention is to provide a system for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are connected to the odor absorption tower after being combined;
the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the lowest possible temperature so as to prevent the pollutants from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after the low-temperature drying is finished below 100 microns;
the reaction unit is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas so as to avoid secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl;
the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the gas of the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowed from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
Further, the low-temperature drying unit is one of air energy heat pump drying equipment, electric heating drying equipment, boiler drying equipment, solar drying equipment, heat radiation drying equipment and electromagnetic induction heating drying equipment.
Further, the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a sealed tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed.
Further, the grinding unit is one of the existing equipment of a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press and a vibration mill.
Further, when the reaction unit selects a rotary kiln, the feeding end of the rotary kiln is connected with a hot air pipeline so as to heat the rotary kiln and remove dioxin by utilizing hot air; an annular baffle is fixed on the side of the feeding end in the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the inner side of a baffle of the rotary kiln from the grinding unit through an inclined pipeline, and the tail end of the pipeline is a discharge port; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets L is more than or equal to a+1120Rnsinθ so as to meet the necessary residence time for removing dioxin, and the effective length refers to the length between positions of a discharge port and a polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant leaving the rotary kiln; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300mm; r-inner diameter of the rotary kiln is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3m; n-rotary kiln rotating speed is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5r/min; the inclination angle of the theta-rotary kiln is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; the gas outlet of the rotary kiln is connected with the tail gas treatment unit through a tail gas conveying pipeline, and the gas outlet is arranged on one side opposite to the feeding end; and discharging polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant treatment products from the tail end of the rotary kiln.
Further, when the reaction unit selects a sealing tank with stirring, the feeding end of the sealing tank is connected with a hot air pipeline; the volume of the sealed tank is required to satisfyWherein D is the inner diameter of the sealed tank, v is the vertical flow velocity of the hot air in the sealed tank, and t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the sealed tank; the gas outlet of the sealing tank is also connected with the tail gas treatment unit.
Further, the tail gas treatment unit is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with factory sludge with the water content of 80 percent.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a disposal method of the system for co-disposing of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as described above, comprising the steps of:
(1) The polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is dried at low temperature in a low-temperature drying unit, the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture of the pollutant is controlled below 3%; discharging the drying tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) The particle size of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after being crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled between 350 and 650 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 120min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is fully contacted with polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) The gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration treatment, and the gas overflowed from the sludge tank is converged with the gas discharged from the low-temperature drying unit and is discharged outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the high temperature of 870-1200 ℃ is not needed, the damage to the physicochemical property of soil is lightened, meanwhile, in order to avoid regenerating polychlorinated biphenyl in tail gas and further utilize the heat carried by the tail gas, the tail gas is introduced into the sludge with the water content of about 80 percent at one time, the odor at the outlet of a sludge tank is converged with the gas at the outlet of a low-temperature drying system, and is discharged after being absorbed by an odor absorption tower, the impact of the gas entering a high-temperature area on a cement kiln system is solved, and the problem that the odor absorption tower possibly contains polychlorinated biphenyl due to the fact that the polychlorinated biphenyl is carried by the odor at the outlet of the sludge tank, so that substances in the odor absorption tower become dangerous wastes is increased in disposal cost is avoided. In addition, the hot tail gas entering the sludge tank can be used for drying the sludge, the water content of the sludge can be greatly reduced by drying the sludge, the incineration disposal of a cement kiln is facilitated, the volume and the weight of the sludge are reduced, and the odor of the sludge is greatly reduced; the sludge with the water content is easy to flow, and the hot tail gas injected from the bottom of the sludge tank can be quickly cooled in the upward flowing process, so that the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl is avoided. The sludge tank is arranged, so that two purposes are achieved in the aspects of treatment of factory sludge and hot tail gas, and the treatment cost is greatly reduced.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system employing a rotary kiln for the reaction unit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system in which a sealed tank is used in the reaction unit of the present invention.
In the figure; 1. a low-temperature drying unit; 2. a grinding unit; 3. a rotary kiln; 31. a feed end; 32. a gas outlet; 33. an annular baffle; 34. a pipe; 4. a tail gas treatment unit; 5. a tail gas delivery conduit; 6. a hot air duct; 7. a sealed tank; 8. an odor absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below; obviously; the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention; but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention; all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without undue burden; all falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for cooperatively disposing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which comprises a low-temperature drying unit 1, a grinding unit 2 and a reaction unit which are sequentially connected; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit 4, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit 1 and the tail gas treatment unit 4 are connected to the odor absorption tower 8 after being combined.
Preferably, the low-temperature drying unit 1 is one of the existing devices such as an air-source heat pump drying device, an electric heating drying device, a boiler drying device, a solar energy drying device, a heat radiation drying device, an electromagnetic induction heating drying device and the like, and is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a temperature as low as possible, so as to avoid the pollutants from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit 2 is one of the existing equipment such as a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press, a vibration mill and the like; the pollutant after low temperature drying enters a grinding unit to be crushed and ground, and the particle size is controlled below 100 microns.
The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln 3/a sealed tank 7 with stirring, a bubbling bed/a fluidized bed and is used for removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
preferably, when the rotary kiln 3 is selected as the reaction unit, the feed end 31 of the rotary kiln is connected to the hot air pipe 6 to heat the rotary kiln 3 and remove dioxin by using hot air; an annular baffle 33 is fixed on the side of the feeding end 31 in the rotary kiln to ensure that polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants are prevented from flowing backwards to the kiln head of the rotary kiln to form a dead zone in the process of discharging the polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants into the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants are sent to the inner side of a baffle of the rotary kiln under the action of gravity and vibration equipment through an inclined pipeline 34, and the tail end of the pipeline is provided with a discharge hole; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets L is more than or equal to a+1120Rnsinθ so as to meet the necessary residence time for removing dioxin, and the effective length refers to the length between positions of a discharge port and a polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant leaving the rotary kiln; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300mm; r-inner diameter of the rotary kiln is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3m; n-rotary kiln rotating speed is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5r/min; the inclination angle of the theta-rotary kiln is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; the gas outlet 32 of the rotary kiln is connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit 4 via an exhaust gas delivery conduit 5, said gas outlet 32 being arranged on the side opposite to the feed end 31.
Preferably, when the reaction unit selects a sealing tank 7 with stirring, the feeding end of the sealing tank is connected with a hot air pipeline; according to the calculation, the volume of the sealed tank is required to satisfyWherein D is the inner diameter of the sealed pot; v is the vertical flow rate of hot air in the sealed tank; t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the sealed tank. The gas outlet of the seal pot is likewise connected to the exhaust gas treatment unit 4.
The odor absorption tower 8 is used for purifying the gas of the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor at the outlet of the sludge tank, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower;
the tail gas treatment unit 4 is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with the factory sludge with the water content of 80%, hot tail gas entering the sludge tank can be used for drying the sludge, the water content of the sludge can be greatly reduced by drying the sludge, the incineration disposal of a cement kiln is facilitated, the volume and the weight of the sludge are reduced, and the odor of the sludge is greatly reduced; in addition, the sludge with the water content is easy to flow, and the hot tail gas injected from the bottom of the sludge tank can be quickly cooled in the upward flowing process, so that the secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl is avoided. The sludge tank is arranged, so that two purposes are achieved in the aspects of treatment of factory sludge and hot tail gas, and the treatment cost is greatly reduced.
Specifically, the drying temperature of the low-temperature drying unit 1 is controlled below 80 ℃, polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the unit and then are dried at a low temperature for a certain time, drying tail gas and stink at the outlet of the sludge tank are converged, the tail gas and stink enter an odor absorption tower together for gas purification, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower. The polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is crushed and ground, the grain diameter is controlled below 100 microns, and the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant enters a reaction unit, the reaction temperature is controlled between 350 and 650 ℃, and the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is kept for 30 to 120 minutes; continuously introducing flowing gas into the reaction unit, wherein the gas component has no special requirement, and the gas is fully contacted with polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants at the speed of 0.2-2 m/s; and (3) introducing the gas contacted with the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant into the bottom of a tail gas treatment unit with the water content of 80%, and incinerating the sludge in a cement kiln, so that the gas and the dried tail gas are combined.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses that the system of the embodiment 1 is adopted to cooperatively treat sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, and the specific treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) The polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is dried at low temperature in a low-temperature drying unit, the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture of the pollutant is controlled below 3%; discharging the drying tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) The particle size of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after being crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 350 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 120min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is fully contacted with polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) The gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration treatment, and the gas overflowed from the sludge tank is converged with the gas discharged from the low-temperature drying unit and is discharged outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses that the system of the embodiment 1 is adopted to cooperatively treat sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, and the specific treatment method comprises the following steps:
(1) The polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is dried at low temperature in a low-temperature drying unit, the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture of the pollutant is controlled below 3%; discharging the drying tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) The particle size of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after being crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled at 650 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 30min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is fully contacted with polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) The gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration treatment, and the gas overflowed from the sludge tank is converged with the gas discharged from the low-temperature drying unit and is discharged outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
The present embodiment has been described in detail, but the content is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention are intended to be covered by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A system for co-processing sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants, which is characterized in that: the system comprises a low-temperature drying unit, a grinding unit, a reaction unit, a tail gas treatment unit and an odor absorption tower; the tail end of the reaction unit is connected with the tail gas treatment unit, and the tail ends of the low-temperature drying unit and the tail gas treatment unit are connected to the odor absorption tower after being combined;
the low-temperature drying unit is used for drying polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at the lowest possible temperature so as to prevent the pollutants from escaping in a gas form;
the grinding unit is used for crushing and grinding the pollutants after the low-temperature drying is finished below 100 microns;
the reaction unit is used for degrading and removing polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants within a certain temperature and time range;
the tail gas treatment unit is used for rapidly cooling the hot tail gas so as to avoid secondary synthesis of polychlorinated biphenyl; the tail gas treatment unit is a sludge tank, the bottom of the sludge tank is a tail gas injection port communicated with the reaction unit, and the top of the sludge tank is a tail gas overflow port communicated with the odor absorption tower; the bottom of the sludge tank is provided with factory sludge with the water content of 80 percent;
the odor absorption tower is used for purifying the gas of the drying tail gas of the low-temperature drying unit and the odor overflowed from the tail gas treatment unit, and the purified gas is discharged to the atmosphere from the top of the tower.
2. The system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as recited in claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature drying unit is one of air energy heat pump drying equipment, electric heating drying equipment, boiler drying equipment, solar drying equipment, heat radiation drying equipment and electromagnetic induction heating drying equipment.
3. The system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as recited in claim 1, wherein: the reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a sealed tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed.
4. The system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as recited in claim 1, wherein: the grinding unit is one of the existing equipment of a ball mill, a vertical mill, a roller press and a vibration mill.
5. The system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as recited in claim 1, wherein: when the reaction unit selects a rotary kiln, the feeding end of the rotary kiln is connected with a hot air pipeline so as to heat the rotary kiln and remove dioxin by utilizing hot air; an annular baffle is fixed on the side of the feeding end in the rotary kiln; polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants enter the inner side of a baffle of the rotary kiln from the grinding unit through an inclined pipeline, and the tail end of the pipeline is a discharge port; the effective length of the rotary kiln meets L is more than or equal to a+1120Rnsinθ so as to meet the necessary residence time for removing dioxin, and the effective length refers to the length between positions of a discharge port and a polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant leaving the rotary kiln; wherein: a-the horizontal distance between the baffle and the discharge hole is more than or equal to 100mm and less than or equal to 300mm; r-inner diameter of the rotary kiln is more than or equal to 1m and less than or equal to 3m; n-rotary kiln rotating speed is more than or equal to 3r/min and less than or equal to 5r/min; the inclination angle of the theta-rotary kiln is more than or equal to 0.03 and less than or equal to 0.05; the gas outlet of the rotary kiln is connected with the tail gas treatment unit through a tail gas conveying pipeline, and the gas outlet is arranged on one side opposite to the feeding end; and discharging polychlorinated biphenyl pollutant treatment products from the tail end of the rotary kiln.
6. The system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as recited in claim 1, wherein: when the reaction unit selects a sealing tank with stirring, the feeding end of the sealing tank is connected with a hot air pipeline; the volume of the sealed tank is required to satisfyWherein D is the inner diameter of the sealed tank, v is the vertical flow velocity of the hot air in the sealed tank, and t is the reaction residence time of the hot air in the sealed tank; the gas outlet of the sealing tank is also connected with the tail gas treatment unit.
7. A disposal method using the system for co-disposal of sludge and polychlorinated biphenyl contaminants as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) The polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutant is dried at low temperature in a low-temperature drying unit, the drying temperature is controlled below 80 ℃, and the moisture of the pollutant is controlled below 3%; discharging the drying tail gas to an odor absorption tower;
(2) The particle size of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing pollutants is controlled below 100 microns after being crushed and ground in a grinding unit;
(3) The reaction unit is one of a rotary kiln, a reaction tank with stirring, a bubbling bed and a fluidized bed, the temperature is controlled between 350 and 650 ℃, and the reaction unit is kept for 120min; continuously introducing flowing hot air into the reaction unit, wherein the hot air is fully contacted with polychlorinated biphenyl pollutants at a speed of 0.2-2 m/s;
(4) The gas of the reaction unit is introduced into the bottom of a sludge tank with the water content of 80% through a gas outlet, the sludge is dried and then enters a cement kiln for incineration treatment, and the gas overflowed from the sludge tank is converged with the gas discharged from the low-temperature drying unit and is discharged outside after passing through an odor absorption tower.
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| US20080131358A1 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2008-06-05 | Feeco International, Inc. | Lime recovery |
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| JPH11333253A (en) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-07 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Exhaust gas treatment apparatus of incineration facility |
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