CN114890475A - Preparation method of niobium-based oxide negative electrode material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery material, in particular to a preparation method of a niobium-based oxide cathode material. The invention adopts a solvothermal method and prepares the niobium-based oxide cathode material through high-temperature calcination treatment. The large specific surface area of the material can provide more reaction sites, thereby improving the rate capability and ion transmission rate of the material. Further optimization of the morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the material is realized by adjusting the metal type, metal proportion, solvothermal reaction conditions and calcination conditions. The prepared material has excellent electrochemical performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery material, in particular to a preparation method of a niobium-based oxide cathode material.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, no memory effect, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to small portable electronic equipment or large power energy storage devices. In addition, it is expected to replace the market of traditional nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and lead-acid batteries. However, the lithium ion batteries currently in commercial use still have problems, such as low power density, high manufacturing cost, and low safety. Therefore, the development of a lithium ion battery with high power density, high safety and low cost has attracted the attention of a wide range of researchers, which keeps the research focus of the lithium ion battery high. The negative electrode material of the current commercial lithium ion battery is mainly graphite (the theoretical specific capacity is 372mAh g) -1 ) It is cheap and has good conductivity, but because of its low de-intercalation lithium potential, it causes a lot of lithium dendrites to aggregate and thus to pierce the separator, causing a danger. Therefore, there is a need to improve the electrochemical performance of batteries to meet the increasing energy demand, and a new anode material is urgently sought to replace graphite.
The niobium-based oxide has a unique lithium ion transmission channel, so that the material has good structural stability and rapid lithium ion deintercalation capability. Meanwhile, the embedded niobium-based oxide has high working voltage, can avoid the generation of an SEI film to a certain extent, and has good safety. With Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 Compared with niobium-based oxide materials, niobium-based oxide materials have high theoretical specific capacities. Compared with other materials, the niobium-based oxide has great advantages in the aspect of lithium ion battery cathode materials, but the development of the niobium-based oxide is limited due to the low conductivity of the niobium-based oxide. Despite the many reports on improving the conductivity of niobium-based oxides, there is still a great need to develop new niobium-based oxide systems, develop effective synthesis methods for existing systems, and achieve precise control of morphology and structure. Based on the above situation, the patent develops a niobium-based oxide anode material and a synthesis method thereof, and the niobium-based oxide anode material synthesized by the method has the advantages ofHas high specific capacity, excellent rate capability and good cycling stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a novel niobium-based oxide cathode material, which realizes the precise regulation and control of the material by regulating the metal types, the metal proportion and the solvothermal reaction condition, and further regulates and controls the calcination condition of a precursor to optimize the morphology, the structure (such as oxygen vacancy and the like) and the electrochemical performance of the material.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
step (1): dissolving a niobium source in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; dissolving a metal source M in absolute ethyl alcohol or an aqueous solution of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution B; dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in water to obtain solution C; dissolving polyether F127 in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution D; urea was dissolved in water to give solution E.
Step (2): sequentially adding the solution A, the solution D, the solution B and the solution E in the step (1) into the solution C, stirring uniformly, and transferring into a reaction kettle for solvothermal reaction; and after the reaction is finished, respectively washing the mixture with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water immediately, and drying the mixture for later use.
And (3): and (3) calcining the product obtained in the step (2) at 850-1250 ℃ for 2-12 h, and cooling to obtain the niobium-based oxide cathode material.
In the step (1), the niobium source is niobium chloride; the metal source M is added in a nitrate or chloride mode; wherein M is at least one of transition metals of copper, chromium, zinc and cobalt and non-transition metals of magnesium, calcium and strontium.
In the step (1), the concentration of metal ions in the solution A is 0.01-20 mol/L; the concentration of the metal ions in the solution B is 0.001-20 mol/L; the mass concentration of PVP in the solution C is 0.002-0.5 g/mL; the mass concentration of the polyether F127 in the solution D is 0.001-0.25 g/mL; the mass concentration of the urea in the solution E is 0.01-1 g/mL.
In the step (1), the volume ratio of the solution A, the solution B, the solution C, the solution D and the solution E is 12-30: 4-16: 10-18: 14-25: 4 to 12.
In the step (1), the molar ratio of M to niobium in the niobium-based oxide negative electrode material is (0.01-3): 1.
in the step (2), the solvothermal reaction temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 16-36 h.
In the step (3), the calcining atmosphere is at least one of air, oxygen, argon, a hydrogen-argon mixed gas (the volume fraction of hydrogen is 5%), an ammonia-argon mixed gas (the volume fraction of ammonia is 5%) and nitrogen; in the calcining process, the temperature rising rate is 2-8 ℃/min, and the temperature reducing rate is 2-8 ℃/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts a solvothermal method and prepares the niobium-based oxide cathode material through high-temperature calcination treatment. The large specific surface area of the material can provide more reaction sites, thereby improving the rate capability and ion transmission rate of the material. Further optimization of the morphology, structure and electrochemical performance of the material is realized by adjusting the metal type, metal ratio, solvothermal reaction conditions and calcination conditions. The prepared material has excellent electrochemical performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a copper niobium oxide material (Cu) in example 1 0.1 Nb 1.9 O 4.85 ) SEM picture of (1);
FIG. 2 shows the copper niobium oxide (Cu) in example 1 0.1 Nb 1.9 O 4.85 ) Multiplying power graphs of the cathode material under different current densities;
FIG. 3 shows a Cu-Nb based oxide material (Cu) in example 2 0.2 Nb 1.8 O 4.7-x ) SEM picture of (1);
FIG. 4 shows the Cu-Nb-based oxide (Cu) in example 2 0.2 Nb 1.8 O 4.7-x ) Multiplying power graphs of the cathode material under different current densities;
FIG. 5 is a chromium niobium based oxide (Cr) of example 3 0.5 Nb 24.5 O 62 ) SEM images of the material;
FIG. 6 is a chromium niobium based oxide (Cr) of example 3 0.5 Nb 24.5 O 62 ) And multiplying power graphs of the negative electrode material under different current densities.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention without further limiting it.
Example 1
Dissolving 0.3mmol of copper nitrate, 5.7mmol of niobium chloride, 1.2133g of PVP, 0.3033g F127 and 1.82g of urea in 5mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 15mL of aqueous solution, 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 5mL of aqueous solution respectively, continuously stirring for 24 hours, uniformly mixing the stirred solution according to the adding sequence of PVP, niobium chloride, F127, copper nitrate and urea, transferring the mixture into a 100mL of polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, and placing the kettle in an air-blowing drying box for reaction for 24 hours at 200 ℃. Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 3 times, and drying in 60 deg.C air drying oven for 48 hr. And (3) placing the dried material in a high-temperature furnace in an air atmosphere at 850 ℃ for reaction for 5h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. Finally obtaining the copper niobium based oxide cathode material (Cu) 0.1 Nb 1.9 O 4.85 ). The SEM image of the obtained anode material is shown in fig. 1, and it can be seen from the figure that the obtained material is nano-particles, and the material has a large specific surface area. The electrochemical performance is shown in figure 2, and under the current density of 0.1C, the specific charge capacity of the first circle is 389mAh g -1 And has high specific capacity. Even at a current density of 20C, the charging specific capacity can still reach 188mAhg < -1 >.
Example 2
Dissolving 0.6mmol of copper nitrate, 5.4mmol of niobium chloride, 1.2133g of PVP, 0.3033g F127 and 1.82g of urea in 8mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 25mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 14mL of water, 15mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10mL of aqueous solution respectively, continuously stirring for 24 hours, uniformly mixing the stirred solution according to the adding sequence of the PVP, the niobium chloride, the F127, the copper nitrate and the urea, transferring the mixture into a 100mL of polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle, and placing the kettle in an air-blowing drying oven to react for 24 hours at 200 ℃. Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 3 times, and drying in 60 deg.C air drying oven for 48 hr. Placing the dried material in a high temperature furnace in nitrogen atmosphere for reacting at 850 deg.C for 5h, and heating at 5 deg.Cmin, the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. Finally obtaining the niobium-based oxide cathode material (Cu) rich in oxygen vacancy 0.2 Nb 1.8 O 4.7-x ) Wherein x in the chemical formula represents an oxygen vacancy. The SEM image of the obtained anode material is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from the figure that the obtained material has a porous structure, and the porous structure can provide a large specific surface area. The electrochemical performance is shown in FIG. 4, and under the current density of 0.1C, the specific charge capacity of the first circle is 407mAh g -1 And has high specific capacity. Even under the current density of 20C, the charging specific capacity can still reach 202mAh g -1 。
Example 3
0.0816mmol of chromium nitrate, 4mmol of niobium chloride, 1.2133g of PVP, 0.3033g F127 and 1.82g of urea are respectively dissolved in 15mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 12mL of water, 18mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10mL of aqueous solution and are continuously stirred for 24 hours, the stirred solution is evenly mixed according to the adding sequence of the PVP, the niobium chloride, the F127, the chromium nitrate and the urea, then the mixture is transferred into a 100mL of polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle and is placed in an air-blast drying oven to react for 24 hours at 200 ℃. Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 3 times, and drying in 80 deg.C air drying oven for 48 hr. And (3) placing the dried material in a high-temperature furnace in an air atmosphere at 1200 ℃ for reaction for 4h, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 5 ℃/min. Finally obtaining the chromium-niobium based oxide cathode material (Cr) 0.5 Nb 24.5 O 62 ). The SEM image (FIG. 5) of this material shows that the material is a rod-like structure. Under the current density of 0.1C, the charging specific capacity of the first circle is 341mAh g -1 And also has very high specific capacity. At the current density of 20C, the charging specific capacity can still reach 165mAh g -1 The performance of the multiplying power is very good (figure 6).
Example 4
0.9mmol of zinc acetate, 5.1mmol of niobium chloride, 0.5g of PVP, 0.25g F127 and 0.5g of urea are respectively dissolved in 8mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 25mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, 14mL of water, 15mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10mL of aqueous solution and are continuously stirred for 24 hours, the stirred solution is uniformly mixed according to the adding sequence of PVP, niobium chloride, F127, zinc acetate and urea, then the mixture is transferred into a 100mL of polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle and is placed in an air-blowing drying box for reaction for 30 hours at 220 ℃. Naturally cooling to room temperature, washing with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water for 3 times, and drying in 60 deg.C air drying oven for 48 hr. And (3) placing the dried material in a high-temperature furnace with hydrogen and argon mixed gas at 1250 ℃ for reacting for 6h, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, and the cooling rate is 4 ℃/min. Finally obtaining the niobium-based oxide cathode material.
Claims (8)
1. The preparation method of the niobium-based oxide anode material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step (1): dissolving a niobium source in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution A; dissolving a metal source M in absolute ethyl alcohol or an aqueous solution of absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution B; dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in water to obtain solution C; dissolving polyether F127 in absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain a solution D; dissolving urea in water to obtain a solution E;
step (2): sequentially adding the solution A, the solution D, the solution B and the solution E in the step (1) into the solution C, stirring uniformly, and transferring into a reaction kettle for solvothermal reaction; after the reaction is finished, respectively washing the mixture with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water immediately, and drying the mixture for later use;
and (3): and (3) calcining the product obtained in the step (2) at 850-1250 ℃ for 2-12 h, and cooling to obtain the niobium-based oxide cathode material.
2. The method for producing a niobium-based oxide anode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the niobium source is niobium chloride; the metal source M is added in a nitrate or chloride mode; wherein M is at least one of transition metals of copper, chromium, zinc and cobalt and non-transition metals of magnesium, calcium and strontium.
3. The method for preparing a niobium-based oxide anode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the concentration of the metal ions in the solution a is 0.01 to 20 mol/L; the concentration of the metal ions in the solution B is 0.001-20 mol/L; the mass concentration of PVP in the solution C is 0.002-0.5 g/mL; the mass concentration of the polyether F127 in the solution D is 0.001-0.25 g/mL; the mass concentration of the urea in the solution E is 0.01-1 g/mL.
4. The method for preparing the niobium-based oxide anode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the volume ratio of the solution A to the solution B to the solution C to the solution D to the solution E is 12-30: 4-16: 10-18: 14-25: 4 to 12.
5. The method for preparing a niobium-based oxide anode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the molar ratio of M to niobium in the niobium-based oxide anode material is (0.01 to 3): 1.
6. the method for preparing a niobium-based oxide anode material, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the solvothermal reaction temperature is 180-250 ℃, and the reaction time is 16-36 h.
7. The method for producing a niobium-based oxide negative electrode material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the calcination atmosphere is at least one of air, oxygen, argon, a mixture of hydrogen and argon, a mixture of ammonia and argon, and nitrogen; in the calcining process, the temperature rising rate is 2-8 ℃/min, and the temperature reducing rate is 2-8 ℃/min.
8. The method for producing a niobium-based oxide negative electrode material according to claim 7, wherein the hydrogen-argon mixed gas contains 5% by volume of hydrogen; the volume fraction of ammonia gas in the ammonia-argon mixed gas is 5%.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110137493A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-08-16 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | The preparation method and product of a kind of oxygen defect zinc niobate negative electrode material and application |
| CN113683120A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Mixed-phase niobium-based oxide and preparation method and energy storage application thereof |
| CN114477284A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-13 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | Method for preparing titanium niobium oxide |
| CN114655984A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏大学 | Indium-niobium oxide cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110137493A (en) * | 2019-06-02 | 2019-08-16 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | The preparation method and product of a kind of oxygen defect zinc niobate negative electrode material and application |
| CN113683120A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-23 | 合肥工业大学 | Mixed-phase niobium-based oxide and preparation method and energy storage application thereof |
| CN114477284A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-05-13 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | Method for preparing titanium niobium oxide |
| CN114655984A (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏大学 | Indium-niobium oxide cathode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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