CN114889395A - Integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and control method - Google Patents

Integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114889395A
CN114889395A CN202210400549.4A CN202210400549A CN114889395A CN 114889395 A CN114889395 A CN 114889395A CN 202210400549 A CN202210400549 A CN 202210400549A CN 114889395 A CN114889395 A CN 114889395A
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outlet
mode
inlet
valve
fan
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CN202210400549.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈佳恒
王定标
靳遵龙
秦翔
张国杰
李航
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Zhengzhou University
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Zhengzhou University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
    • B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/02—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/14—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit
    • B60H1/143—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived from the propulsion plant otherwise than from cooling liquid of the plant, e.g. heat from the grease oil, the brakes, the transmission unit the heat being derived from cooling an electric component, e.g. electric motors, electric circuits, fuel cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated heat management system for a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, which comprises an air conditioning module and a fuel cell heat management module, wherein the air conditioning module consists of a compressor, a working medium pump, an ejector, an automobile outside heat exchanger, an automobile inside heat exchanger, a battery side heat exchanger, a generator, a battery water pump, a battery cold plate, a first electronic expansion valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a first four-way reversing valve, a second four-way reversing valve, a first one-way valve, a second one-way valve, a third one-way valve and a three-way reversing valve, and the fuel cell heat management module consists of a galvanic pile, a PTC heater, a galvanic pile water pump, a deionizer, a galvanic pile radiator, a first three-way regulating valve and a second three-way regulating valve. According to the difference of the heat generation quantity of the galvanic pile and the cooling and heating requirements of the passenger compartment and the battery, the system has 11 working modes, the energy utilization efficiency and the system functional requirements are considered, and the efficient and stable operation of the system under the full working condition is ensured.

Description

Integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new energy automobiles, and particularly relates to an integrated thermal management system and a control method for a hydrogen fuel cell automobile.
Background
Compared with a pure electric vehicle, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle has the advantages of cleanness, no pollution, quick fuel filling, no mileage anxiety and the like, and is one of the main directions of the development of new energy vehicles in the future. At present, the operating efficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell system is about 50%, which means that about half of hydrogen energy is converted into heat during the running of a vehicle, and the heat needs to be discharged by circulating cooling water, so that the electric pile is ensured to be at a proper operating temperature. How to effectively recycle and utilize the energy becomes one of the key technologies for improving the energy utilization efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile and enhancing the product competitiveness. At present, a water heating loop is generally installed on a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, and the waste heat of a galvanic pile is utilized to heat a passenger compartment in winter, so that the winter energy consumption of the automobile is effectively reduced. However, due to the complex and variable running conditions of the automobile, the fuel cell is often in an intermittent working state, the power and the heat generation amount are unstable, and how to utilize the waste heat of the electric pile to perform stable and efficient refrigeration is still a technical problem. The existing hydrogen fuel cell automobile mainly meets the cooling requirements of a passenger compartment and a power battery by installing an independent electrically-driven refrigeration air conditioner, so that not only can the summer energy consumption and the running cost of the automobile be increased, but also the complexity and the initial investment of a heat management system of the whole automobile are increased. Aiming at the problem, the invention provides an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, which provides a plurality of working modes aiming at different working states of a galvanic pile, can ensure the requirements of passenger compartment control and battery refrigeration under the condition of all working conditions, keeps the stable and efficient operation of the system, effectively improves the energy utilization efficiency of the whole automobile, and improves the operating economy and product competitiveness of the automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
To overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention is directed to an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and a control method thereof. The system can utilize the waste heat of the electric pile to refrigerate and heat the passenger compartment and refrigerate the battery, realize the high-efficiency heat management of the fuel battery, the passenger compartment and the power battery, and effectively improve the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle includes an air conditioning module and a fuel cell thermal management module.
The air conditioning module comprises a compressor, wherein the outlet of the compressor is connected with a first one-way valve outlet and a first port of a three-way reversing valve, a second port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with a secondary fluid inlet of an ejector, the outlet of the ejector is connected with a second one-way valve inlet, the outlet of the second one-way valve is connected with a third port of the three-way reversing valve and one end of a vehicle exterior heat exchanger, the other end of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger is connected with a third port of the second four-way reversing valve, an inlet of a first electronic expansion valve and an inlet of a second electronic expansion valve, the first port of the second four-way reversing valve is connected with a working medium pump inlet, the working medium pump outlet is connected with a generator refrigerant side inlet, the generator refrigerant side outlet is connected with a second port of the first four-way reversing valve, the first port of the first four-way reversing valve is connected with a primary fluid inlet of the ejector, and the third port of the first four-way reversing valve is connected with the compressor inlet and the first one-way valve inlet; the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve is connected with a fourth port of a second four-way reversing valve, the second port of the second four-way reversing valve is connected with one end of the heat exchanger on the inner side of the vehicle, and the other end of the heat exchanger on the inner side of the vehicle is connected with the outlet of a third one-way valve and the fourth port of the first four-way reversing valve; the outlet of the second electronic expansion valve is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the heat exchanger at the battery side, and the refrigerant outlet of the heat exchanger at the battery side is connected with the inlet of the third one-way valve; and a cooling liquid outlet of the battery side heat exchanger is connected with a battery water pump inlet, a battery water pump outlet is connected with a battery liquid cooling plate inlet, and a battery liquid cooling plate outlet is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the battery side heat exchanger.
The fuel cell heat management module is characterized by comprising a stack, wherein a stack cooling liquid outlet is connected with a stack water pump inlet, a stack water pump outlet is connected with a PTC heater inlet, a PTC heater outlet is connected with a first three-way regulating valve inlet, a second outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is connected with a deionizer inlet, and a deionizer outlet is connected with a stack radiator outlet, a generator cooling liquid outlet and a stack cooling liquid inlet; the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the second three-way regulating valve, the first outlet of the second three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the cooling liquid of the generator, and the second outlet of the second three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the electric pile radiator.
The compressor is a variable frequency electric compressor.
The first and second three-way regulating valves can realize the regulation of the fluid diversion ratio by regulating the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first and second outlets.
The heat exchanger outside the vehicle, the heat exchanger inside the vehicle and the stack radiator should adopt a finned tube heat exchanger or a parallel flow heat exchanger, and the surface is provided with a speed-adjustable fan.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a control method of the integrated thermal management system for the hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the control method switches system working modes by controlling the compressor, the first four-way reversing valve, the second four-way reversing valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the three-way reversing valve and the second three-way regulating valve, wherein the working modes comprise an injection refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection refrigeration single-passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a compression refrigeration single-passenger cabin cooling mode, a compression refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration single-passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a passenger cabin heating mode and a fuel battery heat dissipation mode.
Correspondingly, the first four-way reversing valve and the second four-way reversing valve comprise two working modes, namely a mode A and a mode B, wherein the mode A is that the first port and the second port of the four-way reversing valve are communicated internally, and the third port and the fourth port of the four-way reversing valve are communicated internally, and the mode B is that the first port and the third port of the four-way reversing valve are communicated internally, and the second port and the fourth port of the four-way reversing valve are communicated internally; the three-way reversing valve comprises a mode A and a mode B, wherein the mode A is that the first port of the three-way reversing valve is only communicated with the second port, and the mode B is that the first port is only communicated with the third port; the first three-way regulating valve regulates the flow area of an inlet and an outlet only according to the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the galvanic pile, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, the flow area ratio of the inlet and the second outlet is increased, and the flow area ratio of the inlet and the first outlet is reduced; if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the second outlet, and increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the first outlet; if the temperature of the cooling liquid is between the upper limit value Tu and the lower limit value Td, keeping the current flow area unchanged; the system control method specifically comprises the following processes:
1) and (3) a cooling mode of the jet refrigeration single passenger compartment: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than m1u, the system starts a cooling mode of the single passenger compartment by spraying cooling, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening degree according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a heat exchanger fan on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, and a heat exchanger fan on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the galvanic pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the generator: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
2) injection cooling cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than m2u, the system starts a jet cooling single-battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is opened, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
3) jet cooling passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request refrigeration, and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than m3u, the system starts a single passenger compartment cooling mode of jet refrigeration and battery cooling, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is opened, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
4) compression refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m1d, the system starts a compression cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is started, and a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
5) compression refrigeration cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m2d, the system starts a compression cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
6) compression refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m3d, the system starts a compression cooling passenger compartment and battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area that entry and second export were opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
7) the cooling mode of the single passenger compartment by injection compression composite refrigeration comprises the following steps: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m1u and m1d, the system starts a jet compression composite cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a heat exchanger fan on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a heat exchanger fan on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
8) injection compression composite refrigeration single-cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m2u and m2d, the system starts the injection compression composite cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
9) jet compression composite refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request refrigeration and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m3u and m3d, the system starts a jet compression composite refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
10) passenger compartment heating mode: when the passenger compartment requests heating and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than a preset value m4, the system starts a passenger compartment heating mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, and a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is closed; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than a preset upper limit value dTu2, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet; if the temperature difference is less than the preset lower limit value dTd2, the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet is reduced, and the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
11) fuel cell heat dissipation mode: when the passenger cabin does not request cooling and heating and the battery does not request cooling, or the passenger cabin requests heating and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is smaller than a preset value m4, the system starts a fuel cell heat dissipation mode, and main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, and a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is closed; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan.
The preset values Tu, Td, dTU1, dTd1, dTu2, dTd2 and m4 are preset values, and real-time calculation is not needed; the m1d, m1u, m2d, m2u, m3d and m3u are variables and need to be calculated in real time according to system characteristics and operation conditions.
The integrated heat management system for the hydrogen fuel cell automobile provided by the invention provides a plurality of working modes aiming at different electric pile heat production amounts and refrigerating and heating requirements of a passenger cabin and a battery, and achieves the following beneficial effects:
1) according to the difference of the heat production quantity of the fuel cell, three refrigeration modes of injection refrigeration, compression refrigeration and injection compression composite refrigeration are provided: when the heat generated by the galvanic pile is sufficient, the system adopts a jet refrigeration mode, and the waste heat of the galvanic pile is completely utilized for refrigeration; when the heat production quantity of the galvanic pile is insufficient, the system adopts a jet compression composite refrigeration mode, and refrigeration is carried out by utilizing waste heat and electric energy; when the heat production quantity of the galvanic pile is seriously insufficient, the system adopts a compression refrigeration mode, and consumes electric energy for refrigeration. By the mode, the waste heat of the electric pile can be fully utilized, the cooling requirements of the passenger cabin and the battery can be still ensured under the condition of insufficient waste heat, and the energy utilization efficiency and the system functional requirements are considered;
2) by controlling the flow direction of the refrigerant, the passenger compartment cooling and heating functions can be realized by adopting one set of system without installing an independent water heating loop, so that the complexity and cost of the system are reduced, and the requirement on installation space is reduced;
3) the system adopts the four-way valve and the one-way valve to switch the flow direction of the refrigerant, and compared with the conventional scheme of a plurality of electromagnetic stop valves, the system cost is greatly reduced, and the operation reliability is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
1-an air conditioning module comprising: 101-a first four-way reversing valve, 102-a compressor, 103-a first one-way valve, 104-an ejector, 105-a three-way reversing valve, 106-a second one-way valve, 107-a vehicle outside heat exchanger, 108-a second four-way reversing valve, 109-a first electronic expansion valve, 110-a second electronic expansion valve, 111-a working medium pump, 112-a vehicle inside heat exchanger, 113-a battery side heat exchanger, 114-a battery water pump, 115-a battery cold plate, 116-a third one-way valve and 117-a generator;
2-a fuel cell thermal management module comprising: 201-electric pile, 202-electric pile water pump, 203-PTC heater, 204-first three-way regulating valve, 205-deionizer, 206-second three-way regulating valve, 207-electric pile radiator.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which includes an air conditioning module 1 and a fuel cell thermal management module 2.
The air conditioning module 1 comprises a compressor 102, an outlet of the compressor 102 is connected with an outlet of a first one-way valve 103 and a first port 105a of a three-way reversing valve 105, a second port 105b of the three-way reversing valve 105 is connected with a secondary fluid inlet of an ejector 104, an outlet of the ejector 104 is connected with an inlet of a second one-way valve 106, an outlet of the second one-way valve 106 is connected with a third port 105c of the three-way reversing valve 105 and one end of a vehicle exterior heat exchanger 107, the other end of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger 107 is connected with a third port 108c of a second four-way reversing valve 108, an inlet of a first electronic expansion valve 109 and an inlet of a second electronic expansion valve 110, a first port 108a of the second four-way reversing valve 108 is connected with an inlet of a working medium pump 111, an outlet of the working medium pump 111 is connected with an inlet of a generator 117 refrigerant side, an outlet of the generator 117 refrigerant side is connected with a second port 101b of the first four-way reversing valve 101, a first port 101a primary fluid inlet of the ejector 104 is connected with a first four-way reversing valve 101, the third port 101c of the first four-way reversing valve 101 is connected with the inlet of the compressor 102 and the inlet of the first check valve 103; the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve 109 is connected with the fourth port 108d of the second four-way reversing valve 108, the second port 108b of the second four-way reversing valve 108 is connected with one end of the vehicle-inside heat exchanger 112, and the other end of the vehicle-inside heat exchanger 112 is connected with the outlet of the third check valve 116 and the fourth port 101d of the first four-way reversing valve 101; the outlet of the second electronic expansion valve 110 is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the battery side heat exchanger 113, and the refrigerant outlet of the battery side heat exchanger 113 is connected with the inlet of the third one-way valve 116; the outlet of the battery side heat exchanger 113 is connected with the inlet of a battery water pump 114, the outlet of the battery water pump 114 is connected with the inlet of a battery liquid cooling plate 115, and the outlet of the battery liquid cooling plate 115 is connected with the inlet of the battery side heat exchanger 113.
The fuel cell thermal management module 2 comprises a stack 201, wherein a cooling liquid outlet of the stack 201 is connected with an inlet of a stack water pump 202, an outlet of the stack water pump 202 is connected with an inlet of a PTC heater 203, an outlet of the PTC heater 203 is connected with an inlet 204a of a first three-way regulating valve 204, a second outlet 204c of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is connected with an inlet of a deionizer 205, and an outlet of the deionizer 205 is connected with an outlet of a stack radiator 207, a cooling liquid outlet of a generator 117 and a cooling liquid inlet of the stack 201; the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is connected to the inlet 206a of the second three-way regulating valve 206, the first outlet 206b of the second three-way regulating valve 206 is connected to the inlet of the cooling liquid of the generator 117, and the second outlet 206c of the second three-way regulating valve 206 is connected to the inlet of the stack radiator 207.
The compressor 102 is an inverter motor compressor.
The first three-way regulating valve 204 and the second three-way regulating valve 206 can realize fluid diversion ratio regulation by regulating the flow area ratio of the inlet 204a/206a to the first outlet 204b/206b and the second outlet 204c/206 c.
The heat exchanger 107 on the outer side of the vehicle, the heat exchanger 112 on the inner side of the vehicle and the stack radiator 207 are finned tube heat exchangers or parallel flow heat exchangers, and speed-adjustable fans are arranged on the surfaces of the finned tube heat exchangers or the parallel flow heat exchangers.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a control method of the integrated thermal management system for the hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the control method switches system working modes by controlling the compressor 102, the first four-way reversing valve 101, the second four-way reversing valve 108, the first electronic expansion valve 109, the second electronic expansion valve 110, the three-way reversing valve 105 and the second three-way regulating valve 206, wherein the working modes comprise an injection refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection refrigeration single cell cooling mode, an injection refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a compression refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, a compression refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration single cell cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a passenger cabin heating mode and a fuel battery heat dissipation mode.
Correspondingly, the first four-way reversing valve 101 and the second four-way reversing valve 108 comprise two working modes, namely a mode A and a mode B, wherein the mode A is that the first port 101a/108a and the second port 101B/108B of the four-way reversing valve are internally communicated, the third port 101c/108c and the fourth port 101d/108d are internally communicated, and the mode B is that the first port 101a/108a and the third port 101c/108c of the four-way reversing valve are internally communicated, and the second port 101B/108B and the fourth port 101d/108d are internally communicated; the three-way reversing valve 105 comprises two working modes, namely a mode A and a mode B, wherein the mode A is that the first port 105a of the three-way reversing valve 105 is only communicated with the second port 105B, and the mode B is that the first port 105a is only communicated with the third port 105 c; the first three-way regulating valve 204 regulates the inlet and outlet flow area only according to the temperature of the coolant at the inlet of the cell stack 201, and increases the flow area ratio of the inlet 204a to the first outlet 204b and decreases the flow area ratio of the inlet 204a to the second outlet 204c if the temperature of the coolant is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu; if the coolant temperature is less than the preset lower limit Td, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 204a and the first outlet 204b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 204a and the second outlet 204c is increased; the system control method specifically comprises the following processes:
1) spray refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is greater than m1u, the system starts a jet cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is closed, a working medium pump 111 is opened, a battery water pump 114 is closed, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is opened and automatically adjusts opening according to working conditions, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 112 is opened, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 107 is opened and automatically adjusts wind speed according to the working conditions; the stack water pump 202 is opened, the second three-way regulating valve 206 is opened, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the generator 117: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on and the air speed is adjusted according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
2) injection cooling cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is greater than m2u, the system starts the injection cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a compressor 102 is closed, a working medium pump 111 is opened, a battery water pump 114 is opened, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger 112 on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger 107 on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the stack water pump 202 is opened, the second three-way regulating valve 206 is opened, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the generator 117: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on and the air speed is adjusted according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
3) injection refrigeration single passenger cabin + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request cooling, and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is greater than m3u, the system starts a jet cooling single-passenger compartment + battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that (1) a compressor 102 is closed, a working medium pump 111 is opened, a battery water pump 114 is opened, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger 112 on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, a fan of a heat exchanger 107 on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the stack water pump 202 is opened, the second three-way regulating valve 206 is opened, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the generator 117: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd1, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on and the air speed is adjusted according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
4) compression refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is less than m1d, the system starts a compression cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is closed, a battery water pump 114 is closed, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is started and automatically adjusts opening according to working conditions, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 112 is started, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts wind speed according to the working conditions; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on to adjust the air speed according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
5) compression refrigeration cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is less than m2d, the system starts the compression cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is closed, a battery water pump 114 is started, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode B, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is started and automatically adjusts opening according to working conditions, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 112 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts wind speed according to the working conditions; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on to adjust the air speed according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
6) compression refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is less than m3d, the system starts a compression cooling passenger compartment + battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is closed, a battery water pump 114 is started, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of an on-vehicle heat exchanger 112 is started, a fan of an on-vehicle heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on to adjust the air speed according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
7) the cooling mode of the jet compression composite refrigeration single passenger cabin comprises the following steps: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is between m1u and m1d, the system starts the injection compression composite cooling single passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is started, a battery water pump 114 is closed, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is started and automatically adjusts opening according to working conditions, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 112 is started, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts wind speed according to the working conditions; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned off;
8) injection compression composite refrigeration single cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is between m2u and m2d, the system starts the injection compression composite cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is started, a battery water pump 114 is started, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is started and automatically adjusts opening according to working conditions, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 112 is closed, a fan of an on-vehicle side heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts wind speed according to the working conditions; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned off;
9) jet compression composite refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request cooling and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is between m3u and m3d, the system starts an injection compression composite cooling passenger compartment and battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor 102 is started, a working medium pump 111 is started, a battery water pump 114 is started, a first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve 109 is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve 110 is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of an on-vehicle heat exchanger 112 is started, a fan of an on-vehicle heat exchanger 107 is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned off;
10) passenger compartment heating mode: when the passenger compartment requests heating and the flow of the coolant at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is greater than a preset value m4, the system starts a passenger compartment heating mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the compressor 102 is closed, the working medium pump 111 is opened, the battery water pump 114 is closed, the first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to the mode B, the second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to the mode A, the three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, the first electronic expansion valve 109 is closed, the second electronic expansion valve 110 is closed, the fan of the vehicle-interior side heat exchanger 112 is opened, and the fan of the vehicle-exterior side heat exchanger 107 is closed; the stack water pump 202 is opened, the second three-way regulating valve 206 is opened, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the cooling liquid inlet and outlet of the generator 117: if the temperature difference is greater than the predetermined upper limit dTu2, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the first outlet 206b and decreasing the flow area ratio of the inlet 206a to the second outlet 206 c; if the temperature difference is less than the predetermined lower limit dTd2, the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b is decreased, and the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c is increased; the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on and the air speed is adjusted according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
11) fuel cell heat dissipation mode: when the passenger compartment does not request cooling and heating and the battery does not request cooling, or the passenger compartment requests heating and the flow rate of the cooling liquid at the first outlet 204b of the first three-way regulating valve 204 is smaller than a preset value m4, the system starts a fuel cell heat dissipation mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the compressor 102 is closed, the working medium pump 111 is closed, the battery water pump 114 is closed, the first four-way reversing valve 101 is switched to the mode A, the second four-way reversing valve 108 is switched to the mode B, the three-way reversing valve 105 is switched to the mode A, the first electronic expansion valve 109 is closed, the second electronic expansion valve 110 is closed, the fan of the vehicle-interior side heat exchanger 112 is closed, and the fan of the vehicle-exterior side heat exchanger 107 is closed; the stack water pump 202 is turned on, the second three-way regulating valve 206 fully opens the flow area of the inlet 206a and the second outlet 206c, closes the flow area of the inlet 206a and the first outlet 206b, and the stack radiator 207 fan is turned on to adjust the air speed according to the temperature of the stack inlet coolant: and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan.
The preset values Tu, Td, dTU1, dTd1, dTu2, dTd2 and m4 are preset values, and real-time calculation is not needed; the m1d, m1u, m2d, m2u, m3d and m3u are variables and need to be calculated in real time according to system characteristics and operation conditions.
Aiming at the difference between the heat generation quantity of the galvanic pile and the refrigerating and heating requirements of the vehicle, the invention provides 11 working modes, can meet the refrigerating, heating and battery refrigerating requirements of a passenger compartment under the full working condition, and keeps the stable and efficient operation of the system. Compared with the scheme of a water heating loop and an independent electrically driven refrigeration air conditioner adopted by the existing hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the invention can fully utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell to refrigerate, improve the energy utilization efficiency of the whole automobile, improve the running economy of the automobile and the product competitiveness, and can realize the functions of refrigerating/heating the passenger compartment and refrigerating the battery by only one set of system, thereby simplifying the system structure and reducing the initial investment.

Claims (9)

1. An integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is characterized by comprising an air conditioning module and a fuel cell thermal management module.
2. The air conditioning module of the integrated thermal management system for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle as claimed in claim 1, comprising a compressor, wherein an outlet of the compressor is connected with a first one-way valve outlet and a first port of a three-way reversing valve, a second port of the three-way reversing valve is connected with a secondary fluid inlet of the ejector, an outlet of the ejector is connected with a second one-way valve inlet, a second one-way valve outlet is connected with a third port of the three-way reversing valve and one end of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger, the other end of the vehicle exterior heat exchanger is connected with a third port of the second four-way reversing valve, an inlet of the first electronic expansion valve and an inlet of the second electronic expansion valve, a first port of the second four-way reversing valve is connected with a working medium pump inlet, a working medium pump outlet is connected with a generator refrigerant side inlet, a generator refrigerant side outlet is connected with a second port of the first four-way reversing valve, a first port of the first four-way reversing valve is connected with a primary fluid inlet of the ejector, the third port of the first four-way reversing valve is connected with the inlet of the compressor and the inlet of the first one-way valve; the outlet of the first electronic expansion valve is connected with a fourth port of a second four-way reversing valve, the second port of the second four-way reversing valve is connected with one end of the heat exchanger on the inner side of the vehicle, and the other end of the heat exchanger on the inner side of the vehicle is connected with the outlet of a third one-way valve and the fourth port of the first four-way reversing valve; the outlet of the second electronic expansion valve is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the battery side heat exchanger, and the refrigerant outlet of the battery side heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the third one-way valve; and a cooling liquid outlet of the battery side heat exchanger is connected with a battery water pump inlet, a battery water pump outlet is connected with a battery liquid cooling plate inlet, and a battery liquid cooling plate outlet is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of the battery side heat exchanger.
3. The fuel cell thermal management module of the integrated thermal management system for the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, comprising a stack, wherein a stack coolant outlet is connected with a stack water pump inlet, a stack water pump outlet is connected with a PTC heater inlet, a PTC heater outlet is connected with a first three-way regulating valve inlet, a second outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is connected with a deionizer inlet, and a deionizer outlet is connected with a stack radiator outlet, a generator coolant outlet and a stack coolant inlet; the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the second three-way regulating valve, the first outlet of the second three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the cooling liquid of the generator, and the second outlet of the second three-way regulating valve is connected with the inlet of the electric pile radiator.
4. The air conditioning module of the integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the compressor is an inverter motor compressor.
5. The fuel cell thermal management module of the integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles according to claims 1 and 3, wherein the first and second three-way regulating valves can achieve fluid split ratio regulation by regulating the ratio of the flow areas of the inlet and the first and second outlets.
6. The integrated thermal management system for the hydrogen fuel cell automobile according to the claims 1-3, wherein the heat exchanger outside the automobile, the heat exchanger inside the automobile and the stack radiator are finned tube heat exchangers or parallel flow heat exchangers, and the speed-adjustable fan is installed on the surface.
7. A control method for an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle based on any one of claims 1 to 6, the system is characterized in that the working modes comprise an injection refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection refrigeration single battery cooling mode, an injection refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a compression refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, a compression refrigeration single battery cooling mode, a compression refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode, an injection compression composite refrigeration passenger cabin + battery cooling mode, a passenger cabin heating mode and a fuel battery heat dissipation mode, the working modes of the system are switched by controlling the compressor, the first four-way reversing valve, the second four-way reversing valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the three-way reversing valve and the second three-way regulating valve.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first and second four-way reversing valves include mode A and mode B operation modes, mode A being internal conduction between the first and second ports and the third and fourth ports of the four-way reversing valve, and mode B being internal conduction between the first and third ports and the second and fourth ports of the four-way reversing valve; the three-way reversing valve comprises a mode A and a mode B, wherein the mode A is that the first port of the three-way reversing valve is only communicated with the second port, and the mode B is that the first port is only communicated with the third port; the first three-way regulating valve regulates the inlet and outlet flow area only according to the temperature of the cooling liquid at the inlet of the galvanic pile: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the first outlet, and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the second outlet; if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the first outlet, and increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet and the second outlet; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) spray refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than m1u, the system starts a cooling mode of the single passenger compartment by spraying cooling, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening degree according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a heat exchanger fan on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, and a heat exchanger fan on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than a preset upper limit value dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet; if the temperature difference is less than the preset lower limit value dTd1, the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet is reduced, and the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
2) injection cooling cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is more than m2u, the system starts a single-cell cooling mode of jet cooling, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is opened, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than a preset upper limit value dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet; if the temperature difference is less than the preset lower limit value dTd1, the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet is reduced, and the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the electric pile inlet cooling liquid temperature: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
3) jet cooling passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request refrigeration and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than m3u, the system starts a cooling mode of the single passenger compartment and the battery by injection refrigeration, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is opened, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than a preset upper limit value dTu1, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet; if the temperature difference is less than the preset lower limit value dTd1, the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet is reduced, and the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
4) compression refrigeration single passenger cabin cooling mode: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m1d, the system starts a compression cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a heat exchanger fan on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a heat exchanger fan on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area that entry and second export were opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
5) compression refrigeration cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m2d, the system starts a compression cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a second electronic expansion valve is opened and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is opened and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
6) compression refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is less than m3d, the system starts a compression cooling passenger compartment and battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode B, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
7) the cooling mode of the jet compression composite refrigeration single passenger cabin comprises the following steps: when only the passenger compartment requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m1u and m1d, the system starts a jet compression composite cooling single-passenger compartment cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening degree according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a heat exchanger fan on the inner side of a vehicle is started, and a heat exchanger fan on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
8) injection compression composite refrigeration single-cell cooling mode: when only the battery requests cooling and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m2u and m2d, the system starts the injection compression composite cooling single-cell cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
9) jet compression composite refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode: when the passenger compartment and the battery simultaneously request refrigeration and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is between m3u and m3d, the system starts a jet compression composite refrigeration passenger compartment + battery cooling mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is started, a working medium pump is started, a battery water pump is started, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a second electronic expansion valve is started and automatically adjusts the opening according to the working condition, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is started, a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is started and automatically adjusts the wind speed according to the working condition; the water pump of the pile is started, the second three-way regulating valve completely opens the flow area between the inlet and the first outlet, closes the flow area between the inlet and the second outlet, and closes the fan of the pile radiator;
10) passenger compartment heating mode: when the passenger compartment requests heating and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is greater than a preset value m4, the system starts a passenger compartment heating mode, and the main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is opened, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is opened, and a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is closed; the pile water pump is started, the second three-way regulating valve is started, and the inlet and outlet flow area is regulated according to the temperature difference of the generator cooling liquid inlet and outlet: if the temperature difference is greater than a preset upper limit value dTu2, increasing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet and reducing the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet; if the temperature difference is less than the preset lower limit value dTd2, the flow area ratio of the inlet to the first outlet is reduced, and the flow area ratio of the inlet to the second outlet is increased; the electric pile radiator fan is started and carries out air speed regulation according to the temperature of electric pile inlet cooling liquid: if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than a preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than a preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan;
11) fuel cell heat dissipation mode: when the passenger cabin does not request cooling and heating and the battery does not request cooling, or the passenger cabin requests heating and the flow of the cooling liquid at the first outlet of the first three-way regulating valve is smaller than a preset value m4, the system starts a fuel cell heat dissipation mode, and main control parameters are as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a compressor is closed, a working medium pump is closed, a battery water pump is closed, a first four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode A, a second four-way reversing valve is switched to a mode B, a three-way reversing valve is switched to the mode A, a first electronic expansion valve is closed, a second electronic expansion valve is closed, a fan of a heat exchanger on the inner side of a vehicle is closed, and a fan of a heat exchanger on the outer side of the vehicle is closed; the pile water pump is opened, and the flow area of entry and second export is opened completely to second three-way control valve, closes the flow area of entry and first export, and pile radiator fan opens and carries out the wind speed according to pile entry coolant temperature and adjusts: and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is greater than the preset upper limit value Tu, increasing the wind speed of the fan, and if the temperature of the cooling liquid is less than the preset lower limit value Td, reducing the wind speed of the fan.
9. The control method of an integrated thermal management system for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to claims 7-8, characterized in that the preset values Tu, Td, dTu1, dTd1, dTu2, dTd2, m4 are preset values without real-time calculation; the m1d, m1u, m2d, m2u, m3d and m3u are variables and need to be calculated in real time according to system characteristics and operation conditions.
CN202210400549.4A 2022-04-16 2022-04-16 Integrated thermal management system for hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and control method Pending CN114889395A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116207294A (en) * 2023-04-27 2023-06-02 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 Intelligent fuel cell cooling liquid allocation system and method
CN117360174A (en) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 山东科技大学 Fuel cell automobile coupling thermal management system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116207294A (en) * 2023-04-27 2023-06-02 上海重塑能源科技有限公司 Intelligent fuel cell cooling liquid allocation system and method
CN117360174A (en) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 山东科技大学 Fuel cell automobile coupling thermal management system
CN117360174B (en) * 2023-12-08 2024-03-01 山东科技大学 Fuel cell automobile coupling thermal management system

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