CN114889272A - Low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114889272A
CN114889272A CN202210510474.5A CN202210510474A CN114889272A CN 114889272 A CN114889272 A CN 114889272A CN 202210510474 A CN202210510474 A CN 202210510474A CN 114889272 A CN114889272 A CN 114889272A
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China
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
bonding layer
flexible photovoltaic
resin
plate
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CN202210510474.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李超群
王富有
方枭
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Nantong Cimc Eco New Material Development Co ltd
Gcl Integrated Power Technology Suzhou Co ltd
Original Assignee
Nantong Cimc Eco New Material Development Co ltd
Gcl Integrated Power Technology Suzhou Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210510474.5A priority Critical patent/CN114889272A/en
Publication of CN114889272A publication Critical patent/CN114889272A/en
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    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
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    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/0405—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres
    • C08J5/043—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof, wherein the photovoltaic module comprises a battery string, a front plate arranged on a light receiving surface of the battery string, a back plate arranged on a backlight surface of the battery string and a wire box; the front plate, the back plate and the battery string are compounded through a second bonding layer and a third bonding layer respectively; the wire box is arranged on the light receiving surface of the front plate, and the middle part of the front plate is provided with a hole so that the outgoing line of the battery string is connected with the wire box; the front plate comprises a fluorine film and a modified FRP plate, and the fluorine film and the modified FRP plate are compounded through a first bonding layer; the modified FRP plate consists of a reinforcing material and a base material, and the base material is soaked in the reinforcing material; according to the invention, the modified FRP plate and the fluorine film are combined, so that the strength of the flexible photovoltaic module is enhanced, and the waterproof performance of the flexible photovoltaic module can be effectively improved; the thickness of the fluorine film is 1/4 of the conventional flexible photovoltaic module, and the module cost is effectively reduced.

Description

Low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, in particular to a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the conventional photovoltaic module takes glass as a bearing main body, and the potential of building installation is severely limited due to the characteristics of heavy weight and inflexibility of the photovoltaic module. The advent of flexible photovoltaic modules has limited the installation site to roofs, curved surfaces, inclined surfaces and exterior walls. The method has the advantages that the vacant space can be efficiently utilized, the building integration of photovoltaic is realized by perfect fitting with the building, the flexible photovoltaic module has the characteristic of light weight, compared with the traditional photovoltaic module, a large amount of transportation cost is saved, and the development of new energy industry is effectively promoted.
Some enterprises adopt fluorine membrane and hot melt adhesive directly to encapsulate the battery piece, because satisfy photovoltaic industry standard to the rigid requirements such as permeable rate, insulating withstand voltage, the fluorine membrane of using usually is thicker leads to the subassembly cost higher, is difficult to be accepted by market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module comprises a battery string, a front plate arranged on a light receiving surface of the battery string, a back plate arranged on a backlight surface of the battery string and a wire box; the front plate, the back plate and the battery string are compounded through a second bonding layer and a third bonding layer respectively; the wire box is arranged on the light receiving surface of the front plate, and the middle part of the front plate is provided with a hole so that the outgoing line of the battery string is connected with the wire box;
the front plate comprises a fluorine film and a modified FRP plate, and the fluorine film and the modified FRP plate are compounded through a first bonding layer; the modified FRP plate is composed of a reinforcing material and a base material, and the base material is soaked in the reinforcing material.
Wherein the fluorine membrane is one of ETFE, ECTFE, PVF and PVDF, and the thickness of the fluorine membrane is 20um-50 um; according to the flexible photovoltaic component, the modified FRP plate and the fluorine film are combined, so that the strength of the flexible photovoltaic component is enhanced, and the waterproof performance of the flexible photovoltaic component can be effectively improved; according to the invention, while the standard of a photovoltaic product is met, the thickness of the fluorine film is 1/4 of that of a conventional flexible photovoltaic module, so that the cost of the module is effectively reduced.
Wherein the thickness of the modified FRP plate 3 is 0.1-1mm, and the light transmittance is more than or equal to 85 percent. The temperature resistance range of the FRP plate is-60-130 degrees.
The reinforcing materials are all non-combustible materials, and the reinforcing materials are non-combustible substances, so that the safety of the flexible photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Preferably, the reinforcing material is a fabric woven by one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber and polyester fiber materials, and the area density of the fabric is 60-200 g/square meter.
Preferably, the base material includes a resin having an epoxy group introduced; the resin is at least one of modified unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
Preferably, the modified unsaturated polyester resin is prepared by chemical reaction of some of diacid, diol, vinyl monomer, bisphenol A epoxy resin, isocyanate and diol polyester.
The secondary hydroxyl in the epoxy group in the resin can enhance the infiltration performance of the matrix material to the reinforced material, greatly reduce the porosity in the product, improve the light transmittance of the modified FRP plate and further ensure that the light transmittance of the modified FRP plate meets the standard requirement of the photovoltaic assembly; in addition, the better wetting property of the matrix material also effectively improves the mechanical property of the modified FRP plate.
Preferably, polyurethane is introduced into the matrix material, so that the corrosion resistance, the flexibility and the impact resistance of the product can be effectively improved, and free isocyanate groups in the polyurethane react with secondary hydroxyl groups in epoxy groups, so that the temperature resistance of the product can be enhanced, and the thermal stability of the FRP plate can be improved.
Preferably, the first adhesive layer, the second adhesive layer and the third adhesive layer are one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and ethylene-octylene copolymer; the thickness of the first bonding layer, the second bonding layer and the third bonding layer is 0.2-0.5 mm.
The invention also claims a preparation method of the low-cost flexible photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps,
firstly, paving a fluorine film on a light-transmitting carrier;
secondly, sequentially laying a first bonding layer, a modified FRP plate, a second bonding layer, a battery string, a third bonding layer and a back plate;
thirdly, the light-transmitting carrier is sent into a laminating machine, and composite bonding is realized in a laminating and hot melting mode to form a laminating part;
taking the laminated part out of the furnace for cooling, and taking the transparent carrier out for recycling after cooling; and sorting and warehousing the components after processing and testing.
Wherein the temperature of the laminating machine is 110-130 ℃, and the laminating time is 20 min.
Preferably, the modified FRP plate is produced by the following steps,
step 1: dipping the fabric with the matrix material;
step 2: fully soaking the dipped fabric through a dipping shaft, and extruding redundant resin through an extruding shaft;
and step 3: cutting the soaked fabric, and then placing the fabric in a hot press for hot pressing;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out fine cutting on the hot-pressed product to obtain the modified FRP plate for the photovoltaic module.
And soaking the fabric through a spraying or dipping tank.
Preferably, the dipping method is spraying dipping.
Preferably, the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
resin 100-150 parts
0.8-5 parts of curing agent
0.1 to 0.6 portion of accelerant
Wherein, the base material also comprises a flame retardant and an ultraviolet-proof agent.
Wherein the resin is at least one of modified unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
Preferably, the gum dipping shaft in the step 2 is a steel patterned shaft with strip lines and a rubber flexible shaft which are used in pairs, and the gum extruding shaft is a pair of steel shafts.
The glue dipping shaft adopts an uneven pattern so as to promote the wetting of the base material to the fabric through extrusion.
The glue extruding shaft is a pair of steel shafts with uneven patterns.
The glue extruding shaft is a pair of steel shafts with smooth surfaces.
Preferably, the curing agent is one or a mixture of more of dimethyl phthalate, diethylene glycol, cumene hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide and benzoyl peroxide; the accelerant is cobalt iso-octoate.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. in the flexible photovoltaic component, the modified FRP plate is combined with the fluorine film, so that the strength of the flexible photovoltaic component is enhanced, and the waterproof performance of the flexible photovoltaic component can be effectively improved; under the condition of ensuring the performance of the flexible photovoltaic module, the thickness of the fluorine film is 1/4 of that of the conventional flexible photovoltaic module, so that the cost of the module is effectively reduced;
2. the modified FRP plate of the invention introduces epoxy groups and polyurethane; the mechanical property and the thermal stability of the modified FRP plate are effectively improved;
3. the flexible photovoltaic module can greatly reduce the weight of the module, realizes light weight and is suitable for popularization and application;
4. in the matrix material of the modified FRP plate, secondary hydroxyl in the epoxy group can enhance the infiltration performance of the matrix material to the reinforced material, greatly reduce the porosity in the product and improve the light transmittance of the modified FRP plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
wherein: 1. a fluorine film; 2. a first adhesive layer; 3. modifying the FRP plate; 4. a second adhesive layer; 5. a battery string; 6. a third adhesive layer; 7. a back plate; 8. a wire box.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, wherein the drawings are simplified schematic drawings and only the basic structure of the present invention is illustrated schematically, so that only the structure related to the present invention is shown, and it is to be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment mainly introduces a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module, which includes a battery string 5, a front plate disposed on a light-receiving surface of the battery string 5, a back plate 7 disposed on a backlight surface of the battery string 5, and a wire box 8; the front plate, the back plate 7 and the battery string 5 are compounded through a second bonding layer 4 and a third bonding layer 6 respectively; the wire box 8 is arranged on the light receiving surface of the front plate, and the outgoing line of the battery string 5 is connected with the wire box 8 through a hole in the middle of the front plate;
the front plate comprises a fluorine film 1 and a modified FRP plate 3, and the fluorine film 1 and the modified FRP plate 3 are compounded through a first bonding layer 2; the modified FRP plate 3 is composed of a reinforcing material and a base material, and the base material is soaked in the reinforcing material.
Among them, Fiber Reinforced Plastics is abbreviated as FRP.
Wherein the fluorine membrane 1 is one of ETFE, ECTFE, PVF and PVDF, and the thickness of the fluorine membrane 1 is 20um-50 um; according to the flexible photovoltaic component, the modified FRP plate 3 is combined with the fluorine film 1, so that the strength of the flexible photovoltaic component is enhanced, and the waterproof performance of the flexible photovoltaic component can be effectively improved; the invention ensures the performance of the flexible photovoltaic module, the thickness of the fluorine film 1 is 1/4 of the conventional flexible photovoltaic module, effectively reduces the module cost,
wherein the thickness of the modified FRP plate 3 is 0.1-1mm, and the light transmittance is more than or equal to 85 percent. The temperature resistance range of the FRP plate is-60-130 degrees.
The reinforcing material is a fabric made of any one of materials such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber and polyester fiber; the fabric is one of chopped strand mats, plain cloth, twill cloth or axial cloth; the reinforcing material has an area density of 60-200g per square meter.
The reinforcing materials are all non-combustible materials, and the reinforcing materials are non-combustible substances, so that the safety of the flexible photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
The matrix material is unsaturated polyester resin with a certain mass fraction of epoxy groups, and the unsaturated polyester resin is prepared by one or more of dibasic acid, dihydric alcohol, vinyl monomer, bisphenol A epoxy resin, isocyanate, diol polyester and the like through chemical reaction of a certain procedure.
The secondary hydroxyl in the epoxy group in the unsaturated polyester resin can enhance the wetting performance of the matrix material to the reinforced material, greatly reduce the porosity in the product, improve the light transmittance of the modified FRP plate 3, and further ensure that the light transmittance of the modified FRP plate 3 meets the standard requirement of the photovoltaic module; in addition, the better wetting property of the matrix material also effectively improves the mechanical property of the modified FRP plate 3.
The unsaturated polyester resin also contains polyurethane with a certain mass fraction, so that the corrosion resistance, the flexibility and the impact resistance of the product can be effectively improved, and simultaneously, free isocyanate groups in the polyurethane react with secondary hydroxyl groups in epoxy groups, so that the temperature resistance of the product can be enhanced, and the thermal stability of the FRP plate can be improved.
The unsaturated polyester resin has viscosity of 95-360mPa ≤, acid value of 10-50mgKOH/g, and solid content of 48-65%;
the first bonding layer 2, the second bonding layer 4 and the third bonding layer 6 are one of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl butyral and ethylene-octylene copolymer; the thicknesses of the first bonding layer 2, the second bonding layer 4 and the third bonding layer 6 are 0.2-0.5 mm.
The battery string 5 is made of one of monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, copper indium selenide, gallium arsenide, polymer and perovskite.
Example 2
The embodiment mainly introduces a preparation method of a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, paving a fluorine film on a light-transmitting carrier;
secondly, sequentially laying a first bonding layer, a modified FRP plate, a second bonding layer, a battery string, a third bonding layer and a back plate;
thirdly, feeding the light-transmitting carrier into a laminating machine, and realizing composite bonding in a laminating and hot melting mode to form a laminating part;
wherein the temperature of the laminating machine is 110-130 ℃, and the laminating time is 20 min.
Taking the laminated part out of the furnace for cooling, and taking the transparent carrier out for recycling after cooling; and (5) sorting and warehousing the laminated part after processing and testing.
Example 3
This embodiment mainly introduces a method for manufacturing a modified FRP panel, including the following steps:
step 1: and (3) dipping the fabric by using the matrix material.
The base material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 110 parts of unsaturated polyester resin, 1.3 parts of curing agent, 0.25 part of accelerator, 3 parts of flame retardant, 0.1 part of ultraviolet-proof agent and 90 parts of reinforcing material; mixing the above materials at 0-30 deg.C, and stirring;
the unsaturated polyester resin is prepared by chemical reaction of a plurality of dibasic acid, dihydric alcohol, vinyl monomer, bisphenol A epoxy resin, isocyanate, diol polyester and the like through certain procedures.
The fabric is glass fiber twill fabric with the surface density of 150 g/square meter, the viscosity of the unsaturated polyester resin in the embodiment is 205mPa $, the solid content is 56%, and the acid value is 19.8 mgKOH/g;
the fabric passes through the spraying device at a constant speed, and the passing speed of the fabric is 3 m/min.
Step 2: and after the impregnated fabric is fully soaked by the impregnation shaft, extruding redundant resin by the extrusion shaft.
The rubber dipping shaft is formed by a steel pattern shaft with strip-shaped grains and a rubber flexible shaft in a paired mode, and the rubber extruding shaft is a pair of steel shafts; the glue dipping shaft adopts the rugged pattern so as to promote the soaking of the base material to the fabric through extrusion.
And step 3: cutting the soaked fabric, and then placing the fabric in a hot press for hot pressing;
wherein the hot pressing temperature is 120 ℃ and the hot pressing time is 6 minutes.
And 4, step 4: and carrying out fine cutting on the hot-pressed product to obtain the modified FRP plate for the photovoltaic module.
Comparative example 1
The same materials and preparation as used in example 3, with the only difference that: the base material comprises, by mass, 140 parts of resin, 0.9 part of a curing agent, 0.6 part of an accelerator, 5 parts of a flame retardant, 0.3 part of an ultraviolet inhibitor and 100 parts of a reinforcing material.
Comparative example 2
The same materials and preparation as used in example 3, with the only difference that: the base material comprises, by mass, 120 parts of resin, 3.5 parts of a curing agent, 0.32 part of an accelerator, 3 parts of a flame retardant, 1 part of an ultraviolet-proof agent and 80 parts of a reinforcing material.
Comparative example 3
The same materials and preparation as used in example 3, with the only difference that: the base material comprises, by mass, 140 parts of resin, 4.3 parts of a curing agent, 0.4 part of an accelerator, 2 parts of a flame retardant, 4 parts of an ultraviolet inhibitor and 70 parts of a reinforcing material.
Comparative example 4
The same materials and preparation as used in example 3, with the only difference that: the base material comprises, by mass, 150 parts of resin, 5 parts of a curing agent, 0.5 part of an accelerator, 1 part of a flame retardant, 0.7 part of an ultraviolet-proof agent and 65 parts of a reinforcing material.
The performance tests of the above examples and comparative examples were carried out by the following specific methods:
(1) elongation at break MD & TD and tensile strength MD & TD, obtained from GB/T13542.2-2009;
(2) (eva, poe) Peel Strength according to GB/T2790-1995;
(3) the breakdown voltage is obtained according to GB/T13542.2-2009;
(4) the water permeability is obtained according to GB/T26253-2010;
(5) the transmittance is obtained according to GB/T2410-2008;
the test results are given in the following table:
Figure BDA0003637585840000071
the previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (10)

1. A low-cost flexible photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising a battery string (5), a front plate arranged on a light receiving surface of the battery string (5), a back plate (7) arranged on a backlight surface of the battery string (5) and a wire box (8); the front plate, the back plate (7) and the battery string (5) are compounded through a second bonding layer (4) and a third bonding layer (6) respectively; the wire box (8) is arranged on the light receiving surface of the front plate, and the outgoing line of the battery string (5) is connected with the wire box (8) through a hole in the middle of the front plate;
the front plate comprises a fluorine film (1) and a modified FRP plate (3), and the fluorine film (1) and the modified FRP plate (3) are compounded through a first bonding layer (2); the modified FRP plate (3) is composed of a reinforcing material and a base material, and the base material is soaked in the reinforcing material.
2. The low-cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing material is a woven fabric woven from one or more of glass fiber, basalt fiber, carbon fiber and polyester fiber materials, and the fabric has an areal density of 60-200 g/square meter.
3. A low cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein said matrix material comprises an epoxy group-introduced resin.
4. A low cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein said matrix material further comprises polyurethane.
5. A low cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein the first (2), second (4) and third (6) adhesive layers are one of ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl butyral and ethylene octylene; the thicknesses of the first bonding layer (2), the second bonding layer (4) and the third bonding layer (6) are 0.2-0.5 mm.
6. A method of manufacturing a low cost flexible photovoltaic module according to any of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of;
firstly, paving a fluorine film on a light-transmitting carrier;
secondly, sequentially laying a first bonding layer, a modified FRP plate, a second bonding layer, a battery string, a third bonding layer and a back plate;
thirdly, the light-transmitting carrier is sent into a laminating machine, and composite bonding is realized in a laminating and hot melting mode to form a laminating part;
taking the laminated part out of the furnace for cooling, and taking the transparent carrier out for recycling after cooling; and (5) sorting and warehousing the laminated part after processing and testing.
7. The method for preparing a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 6, wherein the modified FRP plate is prepared by the following steps,
step 1: dipping the fabric with the matrix material;
step 2: fully soaking the dipped fabric through a dipping shaft, and extruding redundant resin through an extruding shaft;
and step 3: cutting the soaked fabric, and then placing the fabric in a hot press for hot pressing;
and 4, step 4: and carrying out fine cutting on the hot-pressed product to obtain the modified FRP plate for the photovoltaic module.
8. The method for preparing the low-cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the matrix material comprises the following components in parts by mass:
resin 100-150 parts
0.8-5 parts of curing agent
0.1 to 0.6 portion of accelerant
Wherein the resin is at least one of modified unsaturated polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin and phenolic resin.
9. The method for manufacturing a low-cost flexible photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein the glue dipping shaft in the step 2 is a pair of steel shafts and a pair of rubber flexible shafts, and the steel shafts are steel patterned shafts with strip-shaped lines.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the curing agent is one or more of dimethyl phthalate, diethylene glycol, cumene hydroperoxide, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, and benzoyl peroxide; the accelerant is cobalt iso-octoate.
CN202210510474.5A 2022-05-11 2022-05-11 Low-cost flexible photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof Pending CN114889272A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116948410A (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-10-27 上海品诚控股集团有限公司 Composite material for packaging photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116948410A (en) * 2023-07-07 2023-10-27 上海品诚控股集团有限公司 Composite material for packaging photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof
CN116948410B (en) * 2023-07-07 2024-03-26 上海品诚控股集团有限公司 Composite material for packaging photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof

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