CN114886416A - Heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals - Google Patents
Heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals Download PDFInfo
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- CN114886416A CN114886416A CN202210500122.1A CN202210500122A CN114886416A CN 114886416 A CN114886416 A CN 114886416A CN 202210500122 A CN202210500122 A CN 202210500122A CN 114886416 A CN114886416 A CN 114886416A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/11—Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor, mobility of a limb
- A61B5/1102—Ballistocardiography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
- A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/725—Details of waveform analysis using specific filters therefor, e.g. Kalman or adaptive filters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
- G06F18/20—Analysing
- G06F18/23—Clustering techniques
- G06F18/232—Non-hierarchical techniques
- G06F18/2321—Non-hierarchical techniques using statistics or function optimisation, e.g. modelling of probability density functions
- G06F18/23213—Non-hierarchical techniques using statistics or function optimisation, e.g. modelling of probability density functions with fixed number of clusters, e.g. K-means clustering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2218/00—Aspects of pattern recognition specially adapted for signal processing
- G06F2218/02—Preprocessing
Abstract
The invention relates to a heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals, and belongs to the field of heartbeat signal processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal of a subject using a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor; preprocessing the acquired signals, including extracting effective BCG signals and reconstructing amplitude abnormal signal segments; detecting J waves in the BCG signals by using a designed adaptive template matching method and adjusting the J waves with abnormal positions; and calculating the heart rate and the cardiac cycle according to the detected J-wave position. The invention provides a more comfortable and convenient detection method for home non-contact heart rate health detection, and can accurately acquire the heart rate and the heart cycle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of heartbeat signal processing, and relates to a heart rate and heart cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals.
Background
Along with the continuous development of wisdom family, the health detection of house provides a more convenient detection approach for people, can let people observe self health state in real time in daily life. The heart rate is an important physiological index of a human body, and generally reflects whether the human body has certain cardiovascular diseases, sleep quality and other problems. At present, the heart rate acquisition mode mainly includes a contact mode and a non-contact mode, and contact detection needs to contact electrode plates and the like with human skin to acquire information, so that the binding performance is strong and the comfort is poor. The non-contact detection is to embed the sensor into a bed, a chair and the like to detect body vibration signals caused by heartbeat, and the method avoids the direct contact of the sensor and the skin of a human body and gradually becomes a research hotspot of home health detection.
The human body vibration signal caused by the ejection and contraction of the heart is called a Ballistocardiogram (BCG) signal, which is similar to an electrocardiogram signal and has more obvious peak information, as shown in fig. 1, so that the J-wave in the BCG signal can be detected to calculate the heart rate and the heart cycle. Currently, heart rate detection methods based on BCG signals include: spectrum method, waveform method, template matching method, etc. The spectrum method can perform Fourier transform on a BCG signal to acquire the heart rate, but the method cannot reflect the change of the heart activity in real time. The waveform rule calculates the distance between two peak values according to waveform characteristics, the calculation method is simple, but the BCG waveform is complex, and the position of the heartbeat J-wave is difficult to accurately detect. The template matching method generally divides a BCG signal into sub-segments to train and extract a heartbeat sub-template, and obtains the heart rate of a subject by using the sub-template, but the method cannot accurately detect the position of a J wave, so that the calculated heart rate and the heart cycle are inaccurate.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for detecting a heart rate and a heart cycle based on a ballistocardiogram signal.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method of heart rate and cardiac cycle detection based on ballistocardiogram signals, the method comprising the steps of:
s1: collecting BCG signals of the subject using the FBG sensor;
s2: preprocessing the acquired signals;
s3: detecting J waves in the BCG signals by using a self-adaptive template matching method and adjusting the J waves with abnormal positions;
s4: heart rate and cardiac cycle are calculated from the detected J-waves.
Optionally, the S1 includes the following steps:
s11: connecting a plurality of FBG sensors with different central wavelengths in series to form a detection channel, and designing a plurality of detection channels in series in the same form;
s12: and demodulating by using a fiber grating demodulator, and adjusting the sampling frequency to 250 Hz.
Optionally, the S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: extracting BCG signals of the frequency range by using an FIR filter according to the frequency range of 1.0-3.5Hz of the heart rate;
s22: detecting whether a signal fragment with abnormal amplitude exists in the BCG signal, if so, entering a step S23, otherwise, entering a step S3;
s23: an autoregressive model is used to reconstruct signal segments with abnormal amplitudes.
Optionally, the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: calculating a division length of the heartbeat signal by using an autocorrelation function;
s32: dividing the BCG signal into equal-length sub-signal segments, and selecting partial signal segments as an input set of a K-means algorithm;
s33: training and extracting a heartbeat sub-template by using a K-means algorithm;
s34: calculating a correlation coefficient function between the heartbeat sub-template and the BCG signal, regarding a peak point larger than a set threshold value as an effective heartbeat, recording a corresponding position of the effective heartbeat, and marking the effective heartbeat into the BCG signal;
s35: searching the position of the maximum peak point in a local range by taking each mark point as a center, and recording the position as a heartbeat J wave;
s36: and adjusting the J wave with abnormal position according to the heartbeat interval range of 0.4-1.5 s.
Optionally, the S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41: calculating the number of J waves detected in unit time, and regarding the calculation result as the current heart rate of the subject;
s42: and calculating the distance between two J waves to obtain the variation condition of the cardiac cycle of the subject, wherein the cardiac cycle is the cardiac cycle of one beat, and the distance between two consecutive adjacent J waves is calculated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention fully considers the use comfort and adopts a non-contact detection mode. Electromagnetic noise interference is avoided by using the optical FBG sensor, and the detection range is improved by using a plurality of sensors simultaneously, and signals with better quality can be obtained from the sensors for analysis. The self-adaptive template matching method is used for correcting the J waves with abnormal positions, so that the detection accuracy of the J waves is improved, and the heart rate and the cardiac cycle can be calculated better.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BCG signal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a signal acquisition device;
FIG. 3 is a J-wave detection flow chart;
FIG. 4 is a J-wave search adjustment rule;
fig. 5 shows a J-wave adjustment rule for a positional abnormality.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals is disclosed, which uses an FBG sensor to perform detection, thereby avoiding most of electromagnetic noise interference and having a long service life, and simultaneously increases the comfort and convenience of use in a non-invasive detection manner, and effectively improves the accuracy of detection by using an adaptive template matching method and correcting a J wave with abnormal position.
The invention provides a method for detecting heart rate and cardiac cycle based on ballistocardiogram signals, which is mainly divided into four parts. The first part is to collect the original signal of human body vibration caused by heartbeat activity, and the FBG sensor forms a sensing array and is placed on a bed for signal collection; the second part is to preprocess the collected original signal; the third part is to use the adaptive template matching method to detect the J wave and adjust the J wave with abnormal position; the fourth part is to calculate the heart rate and the cardiac cycle according to the detected J wave.
The invention provides a method for detecting heart rate and cardiac cycle based on ballistocardiogram signals, which is shown in figure 2 and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. raw signal acquisition
(1) Connecting a plurality of FBG sensors with different central wavelengths in series into one grating, and designing a plurality of detection channels to form a sensing array;
(2) placing the designed detection platform above a mattress, and enabling a subject to lie on the detection platform and collect original BCG signals;
(3) and demodulating the signals acquired by the sensing array by using a fiber grating demodulator, storing the demodulation result to a computer end connected with the fiber grating demodulator, and adjusting the sampling frequency to 250 Hz.
2. Signal pre-processing
(1) Extracting BCG signals of the frequency range by using an FIR filter according to the frequency range of 1.0-3.5Hz of the heart rate;
(2) detecting whether a signal segment with abnormal amplitude exists in the BCG signal, if so, entering the step (3), otherwise, entering the step of J-wave detection;
(3) an autoregressive model is used to reconstruct signal segments with abnormal amplitudes.
3. Heartbeat J-wave position detection
(1) Selecting a section of BCG signal to calculate an autocorrelation coefficient function of the BCG signal and carrying out normalization processing, regarding peak points with coefficients larger than a set threshold value of 0.3 as effective peak points, calculating difference values between adjacent effective peak points and taking an average value L of a set of the difference values as the division length of the heartbeat signal segment, and if the number of the effective peak points is smaller than 2, adjusting the set threshold value to be 0.25;
(2) equally dividing the BCG signal by the length L, and selecting a part of signal segments as an input set Y of a K-means algorithm, wherein the input set Y is { x } 1 ,x 2 ,…,x m Executing a K-means algorithm to obtain a cluster with the most signal fragments for extracting the heartbeat sub-template, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
setting the iteration times of the K-means algorithm as 100, and selecting the first 6 BCG signal sub-segments as initial clustering centers; dividing the selected signal segment set into clusters closest to the Euclidean distance by using the Euclidean distance as a similarity measurement index;
updating the clustering center, stopping iteration until the clustering center is not changed, and outputting a divided result;
selecting a cluster with the most signal segments, and averaging the cluster point by point to obtain a heartbeat sub-template;
(3) calculating a correlation coefficient function between the sub-template and the heartbeat signal, recording a peak point of which the coefficient is greater than a set threshold value, and marking the peak point into the BCG signal;
wherein x (t) represents a BCG signal, and I (t) represents a heartbeat sub-template;
(4) searching the maximum peak point, namely J wave, in a local range by taking each mark point as a center, wherein the searching rule is shown in figure 4, and the J wave positions of two end points need to be specially judged and processed; and after the position detection of the J wave is finished, judging whether the J wave with abnormal position exists according to the size of the interval between the two J waves, and if the size of the interval between the two J waves exceeds the range of 0.4-1.5s, adjusting according to the adjustment rule of the graph 5.
4. Heart rate and cardiac cycle calculation
(1) Calculating the number of J waves in unit time, and regarding the number as the current heart rate of the tested heart;
(2) and continuously calculating the interval between two adjacent J waves, wherein the interval is the change state of the cardiac cycle of the subject.
The invention designs a heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals, which mainly comprises two stages of signal acquisition and signal processing.
(1) Signal acquisition phase
The signal acquisition stage mainly comprises the design of detection equipment and the acquisition of human physiological signals. The human body vibration signal caused by the heartbeat activity is collected and demodulated by using the sensing array. The sampling frequency was adjusted to 250 Hz.
(2) Signal processing stage
The signal processing stage mainly comprises two parts of preprocessing and heart rate calculation. For the acquired original signal, a FIR filter is first used to extract a valid BCG signal. Secondly, whether the amplitude abnormal segment exists in the signal is detected, and if the amplitude abnormal segment exists, the autoregressive model is used for reconstructing the segment of signal. And finally, detecting the J waves in the BCG signal by using an adaptive template matching method and adjusting the J waves with abnormal positions.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method based on ballistocardiogram signals is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting BCG signals of the subject using the FBG sensor;
s2: preprocessing the acquired signals;
s3: detecting J waves in the BCG signals by using a self-adaptive template matching method and adjusting the J waves with abnormal positions;
s4: heart rate and cardiac cycle are calculated from the detected J-waves.
2. A ballistocardiogram signal-based heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the S1 includes the following steps:
s11: connecting a plurality of FBG sensors with different central wavelengths in series to form a detection channel, and designing a plurality of detection channels in series in the same form;
s12: and demodulating by using a fiber grating demodulator, and adjusting the sampling frequency to 250 Hz.
3. A ballistocardiogram signal based heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method according to claim 2, wherein: the S2 specifically includes the following steps:
s21: extracting BCG signals of the frequency range by using an FIR filter according to the frequency range of 1.0-3.5Hz of the heart rate;
s22: detecting whether a signal fragment with abnormal amplitude exists in the BCG signal, if so, entering the step S23, otherwise, entering the step S3;
s23: an autoregressive model is used to reconstruct signal segments with abnormal amplitudes.
4. A ballistocardiogram signal-based heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: calculating a division length of the heartbeat signal by using an autocorrelation function;
s32: dividing the BCG signal into equal-length sub-signal segments, and selecting partial signal segments as an input set of a K-means algorithm;
s33: training and extracting a heartbeat sub-template by using a K-means algorithm;
s34: calculating a correlation coefficient function between the heartbeat sub-template and the BCG signal, regarding a peak point larger than a set threshold value as an effective heartbeat, recording a corresponding position of the effective heartbeat, and marking the effective heartbeat into the BCG signal;
s35: searching the position of the maximum peak point in a local range by taking each mark point as a center, and recording the position as a heartbeat J wave;
s36: and adjusting the J wave with abnormal position according to the heartbeat interval range of 0.4-1.5 s.
5. A ballistocardiogram signal-based heart rate and cardiac cycle detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41: calculating the number of J waves detected in unit time, and regarding the calculation result as the current heart rate of the subject;
s42: and calculating the distance between two J waves to obtain the variation condition of the cardiac cycle of the subject, wherein the cardiac cycle is the cardiac cycle of one beat, and the distance between two consecutive adjacent J waves is calculated.
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| CN115115038A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-09-27 | 合肥心之声健康科技有限公司 | Model construction method based on single lead electrocardiosignal and gender identification method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115115038A (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-09-27 | 合肥心之声健康科技有限公司 | Model construction method based on single lead electrocardiosignal and gender identification method |
| CN115115038B (en) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-11-08 | 合肥心之声健康科技有限公司 | Model construction method based on single lead electrocardiosignal and gender identification method |
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