CN114883803A - Microwave energy beam pointing control method for space solar power station - Google Patents
Microwave energy beam pointing control method for space solar power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN114883803A CN114883803A CN202210425976.8A CN202210425976A CN114883803A CN 114883803 A CN114883803 A CN 114883803A CN 202210425976 A CN202210425976 A CN 202210425976A CN 114883803 A CN114883803 A CN 114883803A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention relates to a microwave energy beam pointing control method facing a space solar power station, wherein a microwave energy receiving end emits a guide beam, the center of each antenna subarray of the microwave energy emitting end is provided with a guide beam receiving antenna, a control circuit automatically resolves a conjugate phase corresponding to a received signal phase according to the received guide beam, and the conjugate phase is used as a reference phase of the antenna subarray; and angle measuring devices are arranged around each antenna subarray, attitude deviation of the antenna subarray relative to a reference position is calculated through receiving the guide wave beams, and on the basis that the center is ensured to be a reference phase, the phase of each radiation unit in the antenna subarray is adjusted, so that the transmitting wave beam direction of the antenna subarray automatically corrects wave beam direction change caused by the attitude deviation of the antenna subarray. The invention realizes the antenna subarray reference phase conjugation and the antenna subarray beam direction simultaneous correction based on the guide beam, so that the long-distance microwave wireless energy transmission of the space solar power station becomes feasible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave energy beam pointing control method for a space solar power station, and belongs to the technical field of space.
Background
The microwave beam control and adjustment mainly comprises methods of antenna mechanical pointing, closed-loop active beam pointing control based on a phased array antenna array, reverse beam control based on a direction backtracking array and the like.
Due to the huge size and weight of the microwave energy transmitting antenna, it is not practical to realize the pointing accuracy higher than 0.0005 ° by adopting a mechanical control mode.
The method is mainly characterized in that a ground receiving station transmits a received power intensity value to a power station, then the power station needs to respectively adjust the feed phases of all sub-arrays of a whole microwave energy transmitting antenna to realize the maximization of the power received on the ground, and the method is essentially a closed-loop control system.
The reverse beam control based on the direction backtracking array is a beam control method commonly adopted by a space solar power station, each antenna subarray adopting the reverse beam control system automatically generates microwaves conjugated with the phases of the guide beams by receiving the guide beams, and the microwaves are amplified and then emitted out, so that the microwaves emitted by the whole microwave energy emitting antenna automatically return to the positions where the guide beams are emitted, and the technical realizability is greatly improved. However, the method can only compensate the change of the overall beam direction of the antenna caused by the position change among the antenna structure modules, and if the attitude change occurs in each antenna structure module, the beam is transmitted along the normal direction of the antenna subarray, which causes the beam direction deviation and the reduction of the energy transmission efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the comprehensive beam control method based on antenna subarray reference phase conjugation of guide beams and antenna subarray beam direction simultaneous correction is provided for the requirements of long-distance high-precision microwave wireless energy transmission of a space solar power station and the defects of the existing beam pointing control technology, so that long-distance microwave wireless energy transmission of the space solar power station becomes feasible.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a microwave energy beam pointing control method facing a space solar power station comprises the following steps:
a microwave energy receiving end transmits a guide beam, a guide beam receiving antenna is arranged at the center of each antenna subarray of the microwave energy transmitting end, a control circuit automatically resolves a conjugate phase corresponding to a received signal phase according to the received guide beam, and the conjugate phase is used as a reference phase of the antenna subarray;
and angle measuring devices are arranged around each antenna subarray, attitude deviation of the antenna subarray relative to a reference position is calculated through receiving the guide wave beams, and on the basis that the center is ensured to be a reference phase, the phase of each radiation unit in the antenna subarray is adjusted, so that the transmitting wave beam direction of the antenna subarray automatically corrects wave beam direction change caused by the attitude deviation of the antenna subarray.
Furthermore, the microwave energy emission adopts single-frequency electromagnetic waves of 5.8GHz, and the guide beam adopts single-frequency electromagnetic waves of 2.9 GHz.
Further, the microwave energy receiving end comprises a ground microwave energy receiving antenna, a guide beam transmitting antenna is arranged in the center of the ground microwave energy receiving antenna, and a guide beam with the frequency of 2.9GHz is transmitted to the position where the space solar power station is located by the guide beam transmitting antenna.
Furthermore, the space solar power station comprises a microwave energy transmitting end, and a guided beam receiving antenna is arranged at the center of each antenna subarray of the microwave energy transmitting end.
Further, the control circuit automatically calculates a conjugate phase corresponding to the phase of the received signal according to the received pilot beam, where the conjugate phase is used as a reference phase of the antenna subarray, and the method specifically includes:
the receiving channel at the center of each antenna subarray converts the down-conversion of the guide signal into a baseband signal, samples the baseband signal and converts the baseband signal into a digital guide signal, the digital guide signal is processed by the digital signal and the phase of the digital guide signal is obtained by calculation, and the phase of the digital guide signal is conjugated and multiplied by 2, so that the reference phase of the microwave energy transmitting channel of the antenna subarray is obtained.
Furthermore, a synchronous reference signal generator is arranged at the microwave energy transmitting end, and synchronous reference signals adopted by the guide signal receiving channels of all the antenna sub-arrays and the microwave energy beam transmitting channels are both derived from the synchronous reference signal generator, so that the phases of down-conversion local oscillation signals and sampling clock signals of the guide signal receiving channels of all the antenna sub-arrays are synchronous.
Furthermore, the output signal of the synchronous reference signal generator forms a plurality of paths of synchronous reference signals with the same frequency through the power divider, and the signals are respectively provided for the frequency synthesizers of the antenna subarray receiving channels.
Further, signals generated by the synchronous reference signal generator are converted into optical signals through an electro-optical converter, form multi-path synchronous optical signals through an optical splitter, are transmitted to each antenna subarray through optical fibers, are converted into synchronous reference signals through the electro-optical converter, and are provided for the frequency synthesizer.
Furthermore, signals generated by the synchronous reference signal generator are radiated by the antennas to form synchronous signal electromagnetic waves, each antenna sub-array is provided with a synchronous reference signal receiving antenna, and the synchronous reference signal receiving antenna converts the synchronous signal electromagnetic waves into synchronous reference signals which are supplied to the frequency synthesizer after being filtered and amplified.
Further, the angle measuring device includes: the device comprises a DOA measurement processing module, a beam control processing module, a comprehensive control module and a subarray phase shifter;
the DOA measurement processing module obtains the incoming wave direction of the guide signal by carrying out phase interference processing on the multi-channel signal, and inputs the information of the incoming wave direction into the beam control processing module, wherein the incoming wave direction is the direction to which the energy beam should point;
the beam control processing module generates the phase of each radiation unit in the microwave energy emission subarray according to the processing result of the DOA measurement processing module, and inputs the obtained information to the comprehensive control module; the comprehensive control module compensates the reference phase into the phase of the radiation unit, so as to generate a control code sequence of the subarray phase shifter; the comprehensive control module transmits the control code sequence to the sub-array phase shifter, and the sub-array phase shifter executes the control code sequence and adjusts the signal phase of the radiation unit in the sub-array, so that the energy beam points to the direction of incidence of the guide signal, and the reverse beam control of the microwave energy emission array is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the antenna subarray reference phase conjugation method based on the guide beam, can well adapt to beam pointing deviation caused by relative position change of a microwave energy transmitting end and an energy receiving end, such as track position change of a space solar power station, and realizes automatic compensation.
2. The invention adopts the antenna subarray reference phase conjugation method based on the guide wave beam, can well adapt to the overall wave beam direction change caused by the position change (comprising three directions of front and back, left and right and up and down) among all antenna structure modules caused by space force, thermal environment and the like, and realizes automatic compensation.
3. The invention obtains the attitude information of the antenna subarrays by a method of guiding the beam angle measurement, thereby controlling the beam direction of the antenna subarrays by the phase regulation of the antenna units in the antenna subarrays on the basis of the reference phase of each antenna subarray, and simultaneously correcting the change of the antenna subarrays.
4. The open interface is provided in the generation of the phase shifter control code of the wave control equipment, so that the pointing control deviation caused by the attitude deviation of the subarray can be compensated, and a control mode can be provided for the wireless calibration and the soft rotating electric field vector (REV) calibration of the system. Through the attitude deviation compensation of the subarray, the energy transmitting array surface is calibrated to a phase plane again, and high-precision beam pointing control can be rapidly realized under the working condition of a large-scale array in a space environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a central pilot beam receiving, phase detecting and conjugate circuit of an antenna subarray;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a power divider based synchronous reference signal transmission scheme;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a synchronous reference signal transmission scheme based on an optical splitter and an optical fiber;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a synchronization reference signal transmission scheme based on wireless allocation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array architecture for measuring incoming wave direction of pilot signals;
fig. 7 is a block diagram of a subarray beam steering control apparatus.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the world, in the face of serious energy and environmental problems, various renewable energy sources and new energy sources developed at present, including ground solar energy, wind energy, water energy, nuclear energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy and biological energy, have the problems of unstable energy, limited energy total amount or safety and the like, and are difficult to replace the traditional fossil energy sources on a large scale. Solar energy is the most abundant and clean energy, but the fluctuation of energy density is very large due to the influence of day and night, atmosphere and weather, and ground solar energy can only rely on a large-scale power storage device to ensure the stability of power supply. The solar energy is utilized in the space, the influence of seasons, day and night changes and the like is avoided, and the received energy density is high and is about 1353 watts per square meter. Meanwhile, energy transmission is carried out through microwaves which are not influenced by the atmosphere and are suitable for frequency bands, the atmospheric loss is small, and the method is very suitable for large-scale development and utilization of solar energy. Particularly in a geosynchronous orbit, the solar radiation can be stably received within 99 percent of the time, and stable energy transmission can be carried out to a ground fixed receiving station. Therefore, in the long run, the Space Solar Power Station (SPS-Space Power Satellite or SSPS-Space Solar Power Station) is likely to become an important way for large-scale energy supply and environmental problem solution in the future. Currently, the related research work in this field has been carried out worldwide for over 50 years.
The space solar power station mainly comprises three parts: solar power generation devices, energy conversion and transmission devices, and ground energy receiving and conversion devices. The solar power generation device converts solar energy into electric energy; the energy conversion and emission device converts the electric energy into a microwave or laser form and transmits a beam to the ground by using a microwave antenna or an optical system; the ground energy receiving system receives the wave beams transmitted by the space by using the receiving antenna or the battery array, and converts the wave beams into electric energy for ground use through the conversion device.
Two transmission modes are mainly considered in the space solar power station: microwave wireless energy transmission and laser wireless energy transmission. The microwave wireless energy transmission mode is similar to the laser wireless energy transmission mode in that solar energy is converted into electric energy by a solar cell array in space, then the electric energy is converted into electromagnetic waves, the electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the ground by a transmitting device, and then the electromagnetic waves are converted into the electric energy again. The major difference between the microwave and laser systems is the large difference in wavelength (up to tens of thousands of times). According to the electromagnetic wave transmission principle, the product of the transmitting aperture and the receiving aperture is proportional to the wavelength, and therefore the corresponding device scale also differs greatly. Microwave and laser wireless energy transmission also requires significant consideration of losses through the atmosphere, in addition to device size. In order to transmit microwave energy more efficiently in the atmosphere, the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band, which is substantially unaffected by weather conditions such as cloud and rain, is generally used, and a microwave frequency of 2.45GHz or 5.8GHz is mainly selected. The laser energy transmission mainly adopts visible light or near infrared spectrum atmospheric transparent windows, but is greatly influenced by weather conditions such as cloud and rain. Therefore, most of the currently international dozen space solar power station concepts adopt microwave wireless energy transmission modes, and are more suitable for future GW space solar power stations from the viewpoint of power density.
According to the current typical scheme design, the space solar power station runs on the earth stationary orbit, and the energy transmission distance exceeds 36000 km. The microwave energy transmitting antenna has the size of 1km magnitude, the diameter of the ground energy receiving antenna is about 5km, the requirement on the precision of microwave beams is very high in order to realize high-efficiency energy receiving and consider energy transmission safety, and if the central deviation of the microwave beams does not exceed 5% of the diameter of the receiving antenna, the beam pointing precision of the space solar power station to the ground is higher than 0.0005 degrees.
The space solar power station running on the earth stationary orbit is influenced by various disturbances on the orbit, the space solar power station cannot be guaranteed to be completely stationary, orbit drift exists, the attitude of the power station can be changed to a certain extent, any small disturbance on the ground relative position and attitude of the microwave energy transmitting antenna can cause the beam direction error to exceed the upper limit, and corresponding directional adjustment is needed. Meanwhile, the microwave energy transmitting antenna has a large size, needs to be assembled by a plurality of antenna structure modules in an on-orbit manner, and considers the influence of various forces, heat and other space environments, and various deformations occur among the antenna structure modules (assuming that one antenna structure module does not deform, namely, the required flatness can be ensured), so that how to comprehensively consider the overall beam direction change caused by the attitude change (pitching, rolling and deflection around the center) of each antenna structure module and the position change (the front and back, the left and right and the up and down directions of the center) among the antenna structure modules also has a great technical problem.
The invention provides a method for compensating the overall beam direction change caused by the attitude change (pitching, rolling and deflection around the center) of each antenna structure module of a microwave energy transmitting antenna and the position change (front-back, left-right and up-down directions of the center) among the antenna structure modules aiming at the energy transmission requirement of a space solar power station, so that the remote microwave wireless energy transmission of the space solar power station becomes feasible.
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a high-precision beam control method based on guiding beam for long-distance microwave wireless energy transmission of space solar power station. The method relates to a guided beam transmitting system and a microwave energy transmitting antenna consisting of a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, fig. 1 shows the microwave energy transmitting antenna consisting of 3 antenna sub-arrays, wherein the antenna sub-array B is in a standard position and a standard attitude; the antenna subarray C is in a standard position, but the posture is changed; the position and attitude of the antenna subarray a are changed. Therefore, for each antenna subarray, a pilot beam receiving antenna is arranged at the center of the subarray, phase detection is performed according to the received beam, and phase conjugation is performed through a circuit, so that the reference phase of the antenna subarray is obtained.
In addition, each antenna subarray is provided with a guide beam angle measuring device, a plurality of guide beam receiving antennas are used for receiving guide beams, attitude information of the antenna subarrays is obtained through signal interference measurement, phase calculation of each antenna unit in the antenna subarrays is carried out on the basis of the reference phase obtained in the previous step, and then the phase is output to the corresponding antenna unit through a phase shifter and a power amplifier, so that the antenna subarrays can adjust the transmission beams to the ideal transmission direction (namely the corresponding transmission beam direction when the antenna subarrays are not deformed) on the basis of the reference phase. The specific implementation method is as follows:
the guide wave beam adopts 2.9GHz single-frequency electromagnetic waves, and the microwave energy emission adopts 5.8GHz single-frequency electromagnetic waves, so that mutual interference between the microwave energy emission and the guide signal receiving can be filtered by the filter. As shown in fig. 2, the pilot beam receiving antenna at the center of the i-th antenna sub-array converts the received pilot beam into a pilot signal with a frequency of 2.9GHz and a phase of
The guide signal passes through a 2.9GHz band-pass filter to filter out clutter and interference transmitted by 5.8GHz microwave energy, and is amplified by a low noise amplifier and then mixed with 2.899GHz local oscillation signals. The intermediate frequency output of the mixer is filtered by a 10MHz band-pass filter, and is amplified to form a frequency of 10MHz and a phase of
The intermediate frequency pilot signal. The intermediate frequency pilot signal is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter to form a digital baseband pilot signal, which is digitally transmittedSignal processing, resolving to obtain phase
Finally output the representation
The signal is transmitted to a measurement and control processing module. And a frequency synthesizer is arranged in the center of each antenna subarray and generates a local oscillation signal of the frequency mixer, a sampling clock signal of the analog-to-digital converter and a reference synchronous signal provided for the measurement and control processing module according to an input synchronous reference signal.
As shown in fig. 3, the microwave energy transmitting end is provided with a synchronization reference signal generator from which the synchronization reference signals of all the antenna sub-arrays are derived. The output signal of the synchronous reference signal generator forms a plurality of paths of synchronous reference signals with the same frequency through the power divider, and the signals are respectively provided to the frequency synthesizer of each antenna subarray receiving channel. The synchronous reference signal has the functions of ensuring that the phases of local oscillation signals of receiving channels of all antenna sub-arrays are the same, ensuring synchronous sampling of intermediate frequency guide signals of all antenna sub-arrays and ensuring that the frequencies of transmitting beams of all antenna sub-arrays are the same.
In order to reduce the weight of the synchronous reference signal transmission cable and improve the phase stability of long-distance transmission, optical fibers can be used for long-distance transmission of the synchronous reference signals. As shown in fig. 4, the signal generated by the synchronization reference signal generator is converted into an optical signal by an electro-optical converter, and the optical signal is split into multiple paths of synchronization optical signals, transmitted to each antenna sub-array through an optical fiber, and then converted into synchronization reference signals by the electro-optical converter, and provided to the frequency synthesizer.
The synchronization reference signal may be allocated wirelessly. As shown in fig. 5, the signal generated by the synchronization reference signal generator is radiated by the antennas to form a synchronization signal electromagnetic wave, each antenna sub-array is provided with a synchronization reference signal receiving antenna, and the synchronization reference signal receiving antenna converts the synchronization signal electromagnetic wave into a synchronization reference signal, and the synchronization reference signal is filtered and amplified and then provided to the frequency synthesizer.
A two-dimensional direction of arrival (DOA) measuring antenna line array was assembled on each sub-array for a 2.9GHz pilot signal from the ground, as shown in fig. 6. Each dimension comprising 3 receiving antenna elements, using the maximum distance (L) between the elements 13 And L 53 ) A long base line is obtained, and the direction-finding precision is ensured; using the effective closest distance between cells ((L) 12 -L 23 ) And (L) 54 -L 43 ) Get a short baseline to ensure that the solution is unambiguous.
Each pilot signal receiving antenna is followed by a receive channel as shown in fig. 7. Each receiving channel realizes low-noise amplification, amplitude control and AD sampling of the local guide signal, and feeds 5 paths of digital guide signals into the DOA measurement processing module. The DOA measurement processing module can obtain the incoming wave direction of the pilot signal by performing phase interference processing on the multi-channel signal, and inputs the incoming wave direction information into the beam control processing module, wherein the direction is the direction to which the energy beam should point.
The beam control processing module generates the phase of each radiation unit in the microwave energy emission subarray according to the DOA processing result, and inputs the obtained information to the comprehensive control module. The integrated control module compensates the reference phase provided by the phase conjugation module into the radiating element phase, thereby generating a control code sequence for the sub-array phase shifter. The comprehensive control module transmits the control code sequence to a phase shifter of a phase-controllable microwave channel of the sub-array, the sub-array phase shifter executes the control code sequence, and the model phase of a radiation unit in the sub-array is adjusted, so that the energy beam points to the direction of incidence of a guide signal, and the reverse beam control of the ultra-large-scale microwave energy transmitting array is realized.
The invention adopts the antenna subarray reference phase conjugation method based on the guide wave beam, can well adapt to the overall wave beam direction change caused by the position change (including front and back, left and right, up and down directions) among all antenna structure modules caused by space force, thermal environment and the like, and realizes automatic compensation.
The invention is not described in detail and is within the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A microwave energy beam pointing control method facing a space solar power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a microwave energy receiving end transmits a guide beam, a guide beam receiving antenna is arranged at the center of each antenna subarray of the microwave energy transmitting end, a control circuit automatically resolves a conjugate phase corresponding to a received signal phase according to the received guide beam, and the conjugate phase is used as a reference phase of the antenna subarray;
and angle measuring devices are arranged around each antenna subarray, attitude deviation of the antenna subarray relative to a reference position is calculated through receiving the guide wave beams, and on the basis that the center is ensured to be a reference phase, the phase of each radiation unit in the antenna subarray is adjusted, so that the transmitting wave beam direction of the antenna subarray automatically corrects wave beam direction change caused by the attitude deviation of the antenna subarray.
2. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the microwave energy emission adopts single-frequency electromagnetic waves of 5.8GHz, and the guide wave beam adopts single-frequency electromagnetic waves of 2.9 GHz.
3. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the microwave energy receiving end comprises a ground microwave energy receiving antenna, a guide beam transmitting antenna is arranged in the center of the ground microwave energy receiving antenna, and a guide beam with the frequency of 2.9GHz is transmitted to the position where the space solar power station is located by the guide beam transmitting antenna.
4. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the space solar power station comprises a microwave energy transmitting end, and a guided beam receiving antenna is arranged in the center of each antenna subarray of the microwave energy transmitting end.
5. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: the control circuit automatically calculates a conjugate phase corresponding to the phase of the received signal according to the received pilot beam, wherein the conjugate phase is used as a reference phase of the antenna subarray, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the receiving channel at the center of each antenna subarray converts the down-conversion of the guide signal into a baseband signal, samples the baseband signal and converts the baseband signal into a digital guide signal, the digital guide signal is processed by the digital signal and the phase of the digital guide signal is obtained by calculation, and the phase of the digital guide signal is conjugated and multiplied by 2, so that the reference phase of the microwave energy transmitting channel of the antenna subarray is obtained.
6. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space-oriented solar power station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the microwave energy transmitting end is provided with a synchronous reference signal generator, and synchronous reference signals adopted by the guide signal receiving channels of all the antenna sub-arrays and the microwave energy beam transmitting channel are from the synchronous reference signal generator, so that the phases of down-conversion local oscillation signals and sampling clock signals of the guide signal receiving channels of all the antenna sub-arrays are synchronous.
7. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the output signal of the synchronous reference signal generator forms a plurality of paths of synchronous reference signals with the same frequency through the power divider, and the signals are respectively provided to the frequency synthesizer of each antenna subarray receiving channel.
8. The method for controlling the beam pointing direction of microwave energy beams facing a space solar power station as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the signal generated by the synchronous reference signal generator is converted into an optical signal through an electro-optical converter, a plurality of paths of synchronous optical signals are formed through an optical splitter and transmitted to each antenna sub-array through optical fibers, and then the synchronous optical signals are converted into synchronous reference signals through photoelectric converters and provided for a frequency synthesizer.
9. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the signal generated by the synchronous reference signal generator is radiated by the antenna to form a synchronous signal electromagnetic wave, each antenna subarray is provided with a synchronous reference signal receiving antenna, and the synchronous reference signal receiving antenna converts the synchronous signal electromagnetic wave into a synchronous reference signal which is provided to the frequency synthesizer after being filtered and amplified.
10. The microwave energy beam pointing control method for the space solar power station as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the angle measuring device includes: the device comprises a DOA measurement processing module, a beam control processing module, a comprehensive control module and a subarray phase shifter;
the DOA measurement processing module obtains the incoming wave direction of the guide signal by carrying out phase interference processing on the multi-channel signal, and inputs the information of the incoming wave direction into the beam control processing module, wherein the incoming wave direction is the direction to which the energy beam should point;
the beam control processing module generates the phase of each radiation unit in the microwave energy emission subarray according to the processing result of the DOA measurement processing module, and inputs the obtained information to the comprehensive control module; the comprehensive control module compensates the reference phase into the phase of the radiation unit, so as to generate a control code sequence of the subarray phase shifter; the comprehensive control module transmits the control code sequence to the sub-array phase shifter, and the sub-array phase shifter executes the control code sequence and adjusts the signal phase of the radiation unit in the sub-array, so that the energy beam points to the direction of incidence of the guide signal, and the reverse beam control of the microwave energy emission array is realized.
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