CN114883562B - Electric core, battery module and battery package - Google Patents
Electric core, battery module and battery package Download PDFInfo
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- CN114883562B CN114883562B CN202210503301.0A CN202210503301A CN114883562B CN 114883562 B CN114883562 B CN 114883562B CN 202210503301 A CN202210503301 A CN 202210503301A CN 114883562 B CN114883562 B CN 114883562B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HFCVPDYCRZVZDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 158
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 27
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011366 tin-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001467 acupuncture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery cell, a battery module and a battery pack, and relates to the technical field of batteries; the battery cell comprises a shell, a winding core and electrolyte, wherein the winding core is formed by laminating positive plates, isolating films and negative plates, wherein the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell is C, and the unit is Ah/cm 2; the positive plate comprises a positive current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector, the positive current collector and/or the negative current collector are/is a composite current collector, the composite current collector comprises an insulating support layer and a conductive layer at least arranged on one side of the insulating support layer, the thickness of the insulating support layer is A, the unit is um, the thicknesses of the conductive layers are B, and the unit is um; the ratio of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer, the thickness B of the conducting layer and the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and is less than or equal to 3A/(10B C) less than or equal to 80. The battery cell has the advantages of high energy density and high safety performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery cell, a battery module and a battery pack.
Background
The current positive current collector used by the pole piece of the lithium ion battery core is aluminum foil, and the current collector of the negative electrode is copper foil. Copper foil and aluminum foil have excellent conductivity, but when the battery is damaged by needling, extrusion, etc., the positive and negative current collectors are easily shorted, causing thermal runaway of the battery cells.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a battery cell, a battery module and a battery pack, which have high energy density and high safety performance.
The invention is realized in the following way:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a cell comprising:
The battery pack comprises a shell, a winding core and electrolyte, wherein the winding core and the electrolyte are arranged in the shell, the winding core is formed by laminating or winding a positive plate, a separation film and a negative plate which are arranged in a laminated manner, and the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the unit is Ah/cm 2;
The positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive active material coated on the positive current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material coated on the negative current collector, at least one of the positive current collector and the negative current collector is a composite current collector, the composite current collector comprises an insulating support layer and a conductive layer at least arranged on one side of the insulating support layer, the thickness of the insulating support layer is A, the unit is um, the thickness of the conductive layer is B, and the unit is um;
The ratio of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer to the thickness B of the conducting layer to the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the ratio is less than or equal to 3A/(10B C) less than or equal to 80.
In an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the thickness A of the insulating support layer, the thickness B of the conductive layer, and the capacity of the cell to the surface area of the cell, C, satisfies 3A/(10B C) 20.
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness A of the insulating support layer is in the range of 1-30um;
preferably, the thickness A of the insulating support layer is in the range of 2-15um.
In an alternative embodiment, the thickness B of the conductive layer ranges from 0.03 to 3um;
preferably, the thickness B of the conductive layer ranges from 0.1 to 3um.
In an alternative embodiment, the ratio of the capacity of the cell to the cell surface area C is in the range of 0.05-0.3Ah/cm 2;
Preferably, the ratio of the capacity of the cell to the cell surface area is in the range of 0.1-0.25Ah/cm 2.
In an alternative embodiment, both the positive and negative current collectors are composite current collectors; when the composite current collector is an anode current collector, the material of the insulating support layer is an organic polymer material or a ceramic-doped polymer, and the conductive layer is an aluminum foil layer;
when the composite current collector is a negative current collector, the material of the insulating support layer is an organic polymer material or a ceramic-doped polymer, and the conductive layer is a copper foil layer.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite current collector comprises two conductive layers, wherein the two conductive layers have the same thickness and are respectively arranged at two sides of the insulating support layer.
In alternative embodiments, the positive electrode active material includes lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganate, lithium cobaltate or lithium manganate; the anode active material includes graphite, graphene, a titanium-based material, a tin-based material, a silicon-based material, or a nitride material.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery module comprising a cell according to any of the preceding embodiments.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack comprising the cells of any of the preceding embodiments; or includes the battery module of the foregoing embodiment.
The embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery cell, which comprises a shell, a winding core and electrolyte, wherein the winding core and the electrolyte are arranged in the shell, the winding core is formed by laminating positive plates, isolating films and negative plates, and the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell is C, and the unit is Ah/cm 2; the positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive active material coated on the positive current collector, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material coated on the negative current collector, at least one of the positive current collector and the negative current collector is a composite current collector, the composite current collector comprises an insulating support layer and a conductive layer at least arranged on one side of the insulating support layer, the thickness of the insulating support layer is A, the unit is um, the thickness of the conductive layer is B, and the unit is um; the ratio of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer to the thickness B of the conducting layer to the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the ratio is less than or equal to 3A/(10B C) less than or equal to 80.
On one hand, at least one of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector of the battery core is a composite current collector, and the composite current collector is a composite structure obtained by compositing an insulating supporting layer and a conducting layer, so that the weight of the current collector can be reduced, the weight energy density of the battery core is improved, meanwhile, burrs generated by the conducting layer when the battery core is needled are smaller, the short circuit resistance is larger, the generated heat is smaller, thermal runaway is not easy to occur, the thermal runaway problem of the battery core under the internal short circuit condition can be relieved to a certain extent, and the safety performance of the battery core can be improved; on the other hand, through the limitation of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer, the thickness B of the conducting layer and the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core as C, the shape of the battery core can be changed under the condition of the same capacity so as to increase the surface area of the battery core, thereby accelerating the heat dissipation of the short circuit part of the battery core, and being beneficial to preventing the heat diffusion of the battery core.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery module and a battery pack, which both comprise the battery cells. Therefore, the battery module also has the advantages of high energy density and high safety performance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite current collector of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 100-composite current collector; 101-an insulating support layer; 103-conductive layer.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or are directions or positional relationships conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not indicative or implying that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In the related art, the positive current collector used for the pole piece of the lithium ion battery core is aluminum foil, and the negative current collector is copper foil. Copper foil and aluminum foil have excellent conductivity, but when the battery is damaged by needling, extrusion, etc., the positive and negative current collectors are easily shorted, causing thermal runaway of the battery cells.
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a battery cell using a composite current collector, and the relationship among the thickness of the insulating support layer, the thickness of the conductive layer, and the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell of the composite current collector is limited, so that the energy density and the safety of the battery cell can be effectively improved. The battery cell can be square aluminum shell, soft package, lamination and cylinder. In the embodiment of the invention, a square aluminum shell cell is selected; the structure and performance of the cell are described in detail below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite current collector 100 of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. The battery cell provided by the embodiment comprises a shell, a winding core and electrolyte. Wherein, the casing is the aluminum hull, rolls up core and electrolyte and sets up in the casing, rolls up the core through positive plate, barrier film (PE and/or PP material) and negative plate lamination or the coiling shaping that the range upon range of setting, and positive plate connection is provided with the positive tab, and the negative plate connection is provided with the negative tab, has positive post and negative post on the casing, and positive post is connected with the positive post, and the negative post is connected with the negative tab to guarantee the normal clear of electric core charge-discharge operation.
Meanwhile, in the embodiment, the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell is C, and the unit is Ah/cm 2. The capacity of the cell refers to the initial capacity C0 of the cell. The capacity test method is divided into four steps, namely ① C DC to 2.8V or 2.0V (defined under the design voltage of a specific root cell system); ② Standing for 60min; ③ 1C CC CV to 4.2V or 4.4V (defined in particular on the basis of the cell system design voltage); ④ 1C DC to 2.8V or 2.0V (giving initial capacity C0).
The positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive active material coated on the positive current collector, active particles of the positive active material can be selected from materials such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (ternary lithium), lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganate and the like, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material coated on the negative current collector, and active particles of the negative active material can be selected from materials such as graphite, graphene, a titanium-based material, a tin-based material, a silicon-based material or a nitride material.
In addition, at least one of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector is the composite current collector 100 shown in fig. 1, the composite current collector 100 comprises an insulating support layer 101 and two conductive layers 103, the thickness of the insulating support layer 101 of the positive electrode plate and the thickness of the insulating support layer 101 of the negative electrode plate can be selected to be the same or different, in the embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the insulating support layer 101 of the positive electrode plate and the thickness of the insulating support layer 101 of the negative electrode plate are the same, and the thickness of the insulating support layer 101 is a, the unit is um, and measurement can be performed through a micrometer. The two conductive layers 103 are respectively arranged at two sides of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness of each conductive layer 103 is B, the unit is um, the thicknesses of the conductive layers 103 of the positive plate and the negative plate can be selected to be the same or different, and the thicknesses of the conductive layers 103 of the positive plate and the negative plate in the embodiment of the invention are the same. Of course, the number of layers of the conductive layer 103 may be set to one, and only the conductive layer 103 is set to any one of two sides of the insulating support layer 101, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.
Meanwhile, whether the thicknesses of the insulating support layer 101 and the conductive layer 103 of the positive and negative electrode plates are the same or not, in the embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the thickness A of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103 and the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, which satisfies 3 less than or equal to A/(10 x B x C) less than or equal to 80.
On one hand, at least one of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector of the battery core is a composite current collector 100, the composite current collector 100 is a composite structure obtained by compositing an insulating support layer 101 and a conductive layer 103, the weight of the insulating support layer 101 is lighter than that of a metal layer, so that the weight of the current collector can be reduced, the weight energy density of the battery core is improved, meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness of the conductive layer 103 is thin, burrs generated by the conductive layer 103 when the battery core is needled are smaller, the short circuit resistance is larger, generated heat is smaller, thermal runaway is not easy to occur, the thermal runaway problem of the battery core under the internal short circuit condition can be relieved to a certain extent, and the safety performance of the battery core can be improved; on the other hand, by limiting the thickness a of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103, and the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell to be C, the shape of the battery cell can be changed under the condition of the same capacity to increase the surface area of the battery cell, so that the heat dissipation at the short circuit of the battery cell can be accelerated, and the heat dissipation of the battery cell can be prevented.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are both composite current collectors 100. When the composite current collector 100 is a positive electrode current collector, the insulating support layer 101 is made of an organic polymer material (for example, PET material) or a ceramic-doped polymer, and the conductive layer 103 is an aluminum foil layer. When the composite current collector 100 is a negative current collector, the material of the insulating support layer 101 is an organic polymer material or a ceramic-doped polymer, and the conductive layer 103 is a copper foil layer. Through the setting of insulating support layer 101 for conducting layer 103 is thinner, and the burr that conducting layer 103 produced is less when the electric core is by the acupuncture, and short circuit resistance is very big, and the heat of production is less, is difficult to take place thermal runaway. Of course, in other embodiments, only one of the positive current collector and the negative current collector may be provided as the composite current collector 100, or the insulating support layer 101 may be selected from other insulating materials, which is not limited in this embodiment.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the positive electrode active material layer and the negative electrode active material layer are both active particles (for example, the active particles of the positive electrode active material are nickel cobalt lithium manganate, the active particles of the negative electrode active material are graphite), an electroconductive agent (for example, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.), and an auxiliary agent (for example, styrene-butadiene rubber, PVDF, etc.) in a certain ratio, and then mixed and rolled to prepare the coating.
Alternatively, in this embodiment, the ratio of the thickness a of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103, and the capacity of the cell to the surface area of the cell is C, which satisfies 3+.ltoreq.a/(10+.b.times.c). Ltoreq.20. The relation among the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103 and the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is defined in the range, so that the surface area of the battery core is larger under the condition of ensuring the same capacity, the heat dissipation of the short circuit part of the battery core can be accelerated, and the heat diffusion of the battery core can be prevented.
Further alternatively, in the present embodiment, the thickness a of the insulating support layer 101 ranges from 1 to 30um. Also, it is preferable that the thickness a of the insulating support layer 101 is in the range of 2-15um. The thickness B of the conductive layer 103 ranges from 0.03 to 3um; preferably, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103 ranges from 0.1 to 3um. The ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the range is 0.05-0.3Ah/cm 2; preferably, the ratio of the capacity of the cell to the cell surface area is in the range of 0.1-0.25Ah/cm 2. According to the embodiment of the invention, the relation between A, B and C is controlled within the range, so that the surface area of the battery cell is larger under the condition of the same capacity, smoke and fire are not generated in the needling test experiment, explosion is not generated, the safety performance is high, and the thermal diffusion of the battery cell is prevented.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery module which comprises a plurality of battery cells arranged in series or in parallel. The relationship of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer 101, the thickness B of the conducting layer 103 and the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C is 3-80. Therefore, the battery module also has the advantages of high energy density and high safety performance.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a battery pack which comprises a plurality of the battery modules. The plurality of battery modules are arranged in series or in parallel to form a battery pack. The relationship of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer 101, the thickness B of the conducting layer 103 and the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C is 3-80. Therefore, the battery pack also has advantages of high energy density and high safety performance. Of course, in other embodiments of the present invention, the battery pack may also be assembled directly by a plurality of the above-mentioned battery cells to form a battery pack without modules, so as to ensure energy density.
The battery cell, the battery module and the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments:
examples 1 to 15
Examples 1 to 15 respectively provide 15 kinds of cells (cells 1 to 15), and the relationship of the thickness A of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103, and the ratio of the capacity of the cell to the surface area of the cell of the 15 kinds of cells to C is shown in Table 1. Meanwhile, the insulating support layers 101 of the positive current collector and the negative current collector of the 15 battery cores are made of PET, the conductive layer 103 of the positive current collector is made of aluminum foil, and the conductive layer 103 of the negative current collector is made of copper foil. The thickness of the positive electrode active material layer formed after the positive electrode active material is rolled is 80-200um, active particles of the positive electrode active material are nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary materials, the thickness is 80-200um, the single-sided surface density is 120-300g/m 2, and the porosity is 20-40%. The thickness of the anode active material layer formed by rolling the anode active materials of 20 battery cells is 80-200um, the active particles of the anode active materials are one or more of graphite, silicon monoxide and silicon, the thickness is 80-200um, the single-sided surface density is 50-200g/m 2, and the porosity is 20-40%. The isolating film material of 20 kinds of electric core is that the diaphragm is polyethylene or polypropylene material, the thickness is 5-20um, and the measuring is carried out by micrometer. The electrolyte comprises ethylene carbonate EC (25%), methyl ethyl carbonate EMC (58.4%), lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF6 (13.6%) and additives (3%).
TABLE 1 parameters of examples 1-15 cells
| Type(s) | A/μm | B/um | C/(Ah/cm2) | A/(10*B*C) |
| Cell 1 #) | 30 | 3 | 0.2 | 5.00 |
| Cell 2 #) | 25 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 5.00 |
| Cell 3 #) | 20 | 2 | 0.2 | 5.00 |
| Cell 4 #) | 15 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 5.00 |
| Cell 5 #) | 12 | 1 | 0.2 | 6.00 |
| Cell 6 #) | 11 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 11.00 |
| Cell 7 #) | 10 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 25.00 |
| Cell 8 #) | 4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.00 |
| Cell 9 #) | 3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 7.50 |
| Cell 10 #) | 10 | 1 | 0.05 | 20.00 |
| Cell 11 #) | 10 | 1 | 0.1 | 10.00 |
| Cell 12 #) | 10 | 1 | 0.15 | 6.67 |
| Cell 13 #) | 10 | 1 | 0.2 | 5.00 |
| Cell 14 #) | 10 | 1 | 0.25 | 4.00 |
| Cell 15# | 10 | 1 | 0.3 | 3.33 |
From the data in table 1, the relationship of the thickness a of the insulating supporting layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103, and the ratio of the capacity of the cell to the surface area of the cell of the 15 cells provided in examples 1-15 of the present invention is C satisfies 3.ltoreq.a/(10.times.b.times.c). Ltoreq.80.
Comparative examples 1 to 4
Comparative examples 1-4 provided 4 cells (16-19 cells), and the parameter differences between the 4 cells and the cells provided in examples 1-15 are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 parameters of comparative examples 1-4 cells
Comparative examples 5 to 10
Comparative examples 1-4 provided 5 cells (20-24 cells), and the parameter differences of the 5 cells from those provided in examples 1-15 are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 parameters of comparative examples 5-10 cells
| Type(s) | A/μm | B/um | C/(Ah/cm2) | A/(10*B*C) |
| Cell 20 #) | 9 | 3 | 0.2 | 1.50 |
| Cell 21 #) | 8 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 1.60 |
| Cell 22 #) | 7 | 2 | 0.2 | 1.75 |
| Cell 23 #) | 6 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 2.00 |
| Cell 24 #) | 5 | 1 | 0.2 | 2.50 |
Experimental example 1
The 15 cells provided in examples 1-15, the 4 cells provided in comparative examples 1-4 and the 5 cells provided in comparative examples 5-10 were subjected to needling experiments according to the procedures in national standard GBT31485 under the test conditions of 25+ -5deg.C, full charge to 4.2V,3mm steel needle, and needling experiment at 25mm/s speed at the center of the large face of the cell along the direction of the large face of the cell perpendicular to the pole piece, and the experimental results after observation for 1h are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 needling experimental data for cells
| Type(s) | Needling experiment results |
| Cell 1 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 2 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 3 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 4 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 5 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 6 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 7 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 8 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 9 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 10 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 11 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 12 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 13 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 14 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 15# | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 16 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 17 #) | No smoke, no fire or explosion |
| Cell 18 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion are avoided |
| Cell 19 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion |
| Cell 20 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion |
| Cell 21 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion |
| Cell 22 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion |
| Cell 23 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion are avoided |
| Cell 24 #) | Smoke, fire and explosion are avoided |
From the data tested in Table 4, it can be seen that examples 1-15 of the present invention, compared to comparative examples 1-4, employ the structural arrangement of the composite current collector 100, and are more safe and less prone to smoke, fire and explosion than comparative examples 1-4 (16-19 cells) without the composite current collector structure. Meanwhile, compared with comparative examples 5-10, the embodiments 1-15 of the invention control the relation between A, B and C within the range, so that the surface area of the battery cell is larger under the condition of the same capacity, and the battery cell has the advantages of no smoke, no fire or explosion in the needling test experiment, high safety performance, and higher safety performance, and is also more favorable for preventing the thermal diffusion of the battery cell.
Experimental example 2
The 15 cells provided in examples 1 to 15, the 4 cells provided in comparative examples 1 to 4, and the 5 cells provided in comparative examples 5 to 10 were subjected to temperature rise and voltage test under the same conditions. Wherein the charging strategy is: at the ambient temperature of 25+/-5 ℃, wrapping 10mm thick insulating glass wool outside the battery cell, charging to 4.1V with a constant current of 100A1C, and standing for 30min; meanwhile, the temperature rise record condition is that the temperature of the battery cell is monitored by adopting a plurality of temperature measuring instruments in the charging process, one section of the temperature sensing wire is connected with the plurality of temperature measuring instruments, the other end of the temperature sensing wire is attached to the center point of the large surface of the battery cell, and the temperature of the battery cell is recorded every 1 s. The condition of voltage recording is that voltage of positive and negative poles of the battery cell is monitored by adopting voltage testing equipment in the charging process, and a testing end of the voltage testing equipment in the testing process is connected with the poles of the battery cell, voltage data are recorded at intervals of 1s, and the testing result is shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 test data for cells
As can be seen from the data in table 5, the examples 1 to 15 of the present invention, compared with the comparative examples 1 to 4, employ the structural arrangement of the composite current collector 100, and compared with the comparative examples 1 to 4 (No. 16 to 19 cells), which do not employ the composite current collector structure, the voltage is relatively stable, thermal runaway is less likely to occur, and the safety performance is higher. Meanwhile, compared with comparative examples 5-10, the comparative examples 1-15 of the present invention control the relationship between A, B and C within this range, so that the voltage is relatively stable under the condition of the same capacity, thermal runaway is not easy to occur, and the safety performance is higher.
Experimental example 3
The 15 cells provided in examples 1-15, the 4 cells provided in comparative examples 1-4, and the 5 cells provided in comparative examples 5-10 were subjected to energy density testing under the same conditions, wherein the discharge energy of 1C was represented by E1 in Wh; the mass of the cell is denoted by m, the weight energy density of the cell is denoted by p, and the cell is denoted by Wh/kg. The test conditions of E1 were that the discharge energy E1 was obtained by constant-current charging at a rate of 1C to a voltage of 4.4V, then constant-voltage charging at a rate of 4.4V to a current of 0.05C, and then constant-current discharging at a rate of 1C to a voltage of 2.8V in an incubator at 25 ℃. The weight test condition of the battery cells is that the mass m of each battery cell can be obtained through an electronic scale in an environment of 25 ℃. The weight energy density of the cells was calculated by the formula p=e1/m and the specific results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 test data for cells
As can be seen from the data in table 6, the embodiment 1-15 of the present invention adopts the structure arrangement of the composite current collector 100 compared with the comparative examples 1-4, and can improve the energy density of the battery cell while ensuring the safety of the battery cell compared with the battery cell of comparative examples 1-4 (16-19 battery cells). Meanwhile, in the embodiments 1 to 15 of the present invention, compared with the comparative examples 5 to 10, the relationship between A, B and C is controlled within this range, so that the energy density of the battery cell can be improved while the safety of the battery cell is ensured.
The following describes in detail the installation process, the working principle and the beneficial effects of the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention:
The battery pack can be directly integrated into the battery pack box body through a plurality of battery cells, or the battery cells can be assembled into a battery module first, and then the battery module is assembled into the battery pack. When the battery cell is manufactured, the positive plate, the negative plate and the diaphragm can be wound to obtain the electrode core, the electrode core is arranged in the shell, the positive lug connected with the positive plate is welded with the positive pole post on the shell, the negative lug connected with the negative plate is welded with the negative pole post on the shell, and finally the electrolyte is injected into the shell. In the process of selecting the positive plate and the negative plate, the positive plate is obtained by coating positive active materials on a positive current collector, the negative plate is obtained by coating negative active materials on a negative current collector, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are both composite current collectors 100, the composite current collectors 100 are obtained by coating conductive layers 103 on two sides of an insulating support layer 101, the conductive layers 103 of the positive current collector are aluminum foils, the conductive layers 103 of the negative current collector are copper foils, and the thickness A of the insulating support layer 101 of the positive current collector and the negative current collector, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103 and the ratio of the capacity of a battery core to the surface area of the battery core are all 3-10-B-C-80.
In the above process, on one hand, at least one of the positive current collector and the negative current collector of the battery core is the composite current collector 100, and the composite current collector 100 is a composite structure obtained by compositing the insulating support layer 101 and the conductive layer 103, so that the weight of the current collector can be reduced, the weight energy density of the battery core is improved, meanwhile, burrs generated by the conductive layer 103 when the battery core is needled are smaller, the short circuit resistance is larger, the generated heat is smaller, the thermal runaway problem of the battery core under the internal short circuit condition is not easy to occur, the thermal runaway problem of the battery core can be relieved to a certain extent, and the safety performance of the battery core can be improved; on the other hand, by limiting the thickness a of the insulating support layer 101, the thickness B of the conductive layer 103, and the ratio of the capacity of the battery cell to the surface area of the battery cell to be C, the shape of the battery cell can be changed under the condition of the same capacity to increase the surface area of the battery cell, so that the heat dissipation at the short circuit of the battery cell can be accelerated, and the heat dissipation of the battery cell can be prevented.
In summary, the embodiment of the invention provides a battery cell, a battery module and a battery pack with high energy density and high safety performance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A cell, comprising:
The battery pack comprises a shell, a winding core and electrolyte, wherein the winding core and the electrolyte are arranged in the shell, the winding core is formed by laminating positive plates, isolating films and negative plates, the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the unit is Ah/cm 2;
The positive plate comprises a positive current collector and a positive active material coated on the positive current collector, the positive active material comprises nickel cobalt lithium manganate, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active material coated on the negative current collector, the positive current collector and the negative current collector are both composite current collectors, the composite current collector comprises an insulating support layer and a conductive layer at least arranged on one side of the insulating support layer, when the composite current collector is the positive current collector, the material of the insulating support layer is PET, and the conductive layer is an aluminum foil layer; when the composite current collector is a negative current collector, the insulating support layer is made of PET, and the conductive layer is a copper foil layer; the thickness of the positive electrode active material layer formed by rolling the positive electrode active material is 80-200 mu m, the single-sided surface density is 120-300g/m 2, and the porosity is 20-40%; the thickness of the anode active material layer formed after the anode active material is rolled is 80-200um, the single-sided surface density is 50-200g/m 2, the porosity is 20-40%, and the active particles of the anode active material are one or more of graphite, silicon monoxide and silicon; the isolating film is made of polyethylene or polypropylene, and the thickness is 5-20um; the electrolyte comprises 25% of ethylene carbonate EC, 58.4% of ethylmethyl carbonate EMC, 13.6% of lithium salt lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6 and 3% of additive in percentage by mass; the thickness of the insulating supporting layer is A, the unit is um, the thickness of the conducting layer is B, and the unit is um;
The ratio of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer, the thickness B of the conducting layer and the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the ratio of the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer to the thickness B of the conducting layer to the surface area of the battery core is 3.33-20 (10-10C);
the thickness A of the insulating supporting layer is in the range of 3-30um;
The thickness B of the conductive layer is in the range of 0.2-3um;
the ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the range is 0.05-0.3Ah/cm 2.
2. The cell of claim 1, wherein:
The thickness A of the insulating support layer is in the range of 2-15um.
3. The cell of claim 1, wherein:
The ratio of the capacity of the battery core to the surface area of the battery core is C, and the range is 0.1-0.25Ah/cm 2.
4. A cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:
the composite current collector comprises two layers of conductive layers, wherein the thickness of the two layers of conductive layers is the same, and the two layers of conductive layers are respectively arranged on two sides of the insulating supporting layer.
5. A battery module comprising the cell of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A battery pack comprising the cell of any one of claims 1 to 4; or includes the battery module according to claim 5.
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