CN114880615A - Rapid calculation method for low calorific value of mixed fuel - Google Patents
Rapid calculation method for low calorific value of mixed fuel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly calculating a low calorific value of mixed fuel, which comprises the following steps: s1, measuring total input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ in (ii) a S2, measuring other external input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ’ in (ii) a S3, measuring the mixed fuel processing amount in the running process of the unit in real timeX(ii) a S4, calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement result
. According to the rapid calculation method of the low calorific value of the mixed fuel, the low calorific value of the mixed fuel can be calculated, guidance is provided for performance assessment and thermal power check of a unit burning the mixed fuel, and the method has important significance for mastering the burning condition of the unit and formulating corresponding energy-saving and emission-reducing measures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power engineering, and particularly relates to a method for quickly calculating a low calorific value of a mixed fuel.
Background
In the running process of the unit, the heat value is one of important combustion characteristics of the fuel, and the accurate test of the low heat value of the fuel has important significance for mastering the combustion condition of the unit, improving the economy of the unit and making corresponding energy-saving and emission-reducing measures.
The chemical properties of traditional fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like) are basically stable, and the low calorific value of the fuels can be calculated by adopting an element analysis method, an oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the like after sampling. With the continuous progress of technology and the continuous improvement of human living standard, the mixed fuel (including domestic garbage, biomass, mixed coal and the like) for combustion becomes the inevitable trend of the generator set.
Due to the complex components of the mixed fuel, for example, the domestic garbage not only comprises organic matters such as food, paper scraps, rubber, bamboo and wood, but also comprises a plurality of inorganic materials such as glass, metal, dust and the like, in actual operation, a conventionally selected sample cannot represent the property of the mixed fuel, and the low calorific value of the mixed fuel cannot be obtained through a traditional test method such as an element analysis method and an oxygen bomb calorimeter method.
The low calorific value is an important technical parameter of fuel in the operation process of the unit, and has important influence on the combustion stability of the unit and pollutant discharge, so a quick calculation method for calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly calculating the low calorific value of mixed fuel, which comprises the steps of firstly measuring the total input heat in the running process of a unit in real timeQ in OthersExternal input of heatQ’ in And fuel throughputXThen calculating the lower calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement resultH u . According to the rapid calculation method of the low calorific value of the mixed fuel, the low calorific value of the mixed fuel can be calculated, guidance is provided for performance assessment and thermal power check of a unit burning the mixed fuel, and the method has important significance for mastering the burning condition of the unit and formulating corresponding energy-saving and emission-reducing measures.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for quickly calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring total input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ in ；
S2, measuring other external input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ’ in ；
S3, measuring the mixed fuel processing amount in the running process of the unit in real timeX；
S4, calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement resultH u The calculation formula is as follows:
in one embodiment, the total input heat during the operation of the unit in step S1Q in Involving useful output heatQ out And total heat lossQ loss 。
In one embodiment, the useful output heat isQ out Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,M v is the main flow rate of the steam,H vapor is the main enthalpy of the steam,H water is the feed water enthalpy.
In one embodimentSaid total heat loss comprises smoke lossQ flue Incomplete combustion heat lossQ combustion Heat loss from slagQ residue Heat loss of fly ashQ ash And radiation convection and conduction heat lossQ con 。
In one embodiment, the loss of smoke evacuation isQ flue Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c. C 1 The specific heat of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer; t is t b As reference temperature, c b The specific heat of the flue gas at the reference temperature;M f is the boiler outlet flue gas flow;T eco is the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer.
In one embodiment, the slag is heat lostQ residue Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M residue the amount of dry slag;c residue the average specific heat capacity of the slag;T residue is the slag temperature; t is t b Is a reference temperature;q residue is the combustible heat value of the slag;α residue is the combustible content of the slag.
In one embodiment, the fly ash heat loss isQ ash Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M ash the fly ash amount;c ash is the fly ash heat capacity;T eco the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer; t is t b Is a reference temperature;q ash is the combustible heat value of the fly ash;α ash is the combustible content of fly ash.
In one embodiment, the radiative convection and conductive heat lossQ con Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:xis the mixed fuel throughput.
In one embodiment, the step S2 includes other external input heat during the operation of the unitQ’ in Involving heat brought in by primary airQ prim The secondary air brings heatQ sec Heat brought by the recirculated flue gasQ proc Heat brought in by heating airQ heat And auxiliary equipment powerQ pow 。
In one embodiment, the primary air entrains heatQ prim Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M p is the primary air flow;M s is the secondary air flow;c prim the specific heat of air at the outlet of the primary air preheater;T prep the primary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater;
the secondary air brings heatQ sec Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:c sec the specific heat of air at the outlet of the secondary air preheater;T pres the secondary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater;
heat brought in by the recirculated flue gasQ proc Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M rec is the recycled flue gas amount;c r is the specific heat of the recycled flue gas;T rec is the recirculated flue gas temperature.
Has the advantages that: according to the method for quickly calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel, the low calorific value of the mixed fuel can be quickly calculated, guidance is provided for performance assessment and thermal power check of a combustion mixed fuel unit, and the method has important significance for mastering the combustion condition of the unit and formulating corresponding energy-saving and emission-reducing measures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for rapidly calculating a lower calorific value of fuel of a fuel blending unit in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
With the continuous innovation and development of the technology, the mixed combustion of the household garbage, the biomass, the coal mixture and the like is concerned. Under the current conditions, the unit for combusting the mixed fuel in China comprises domestic garbage, biomass, mixed coal (gas) and the like, the domestic garbage and the biomass are rarely effectively classified, so that the fuel components are complex, the supply is unstable, and the sampling representativeness of the fuel on the operation site is poor, so that the traditional heat value test methods such as an element analysis method, an oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the like cannot accurately reflect the low-grade heat value of the fuel in the operation process of the unit.
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides a method for quickly calculating the lower calorific value of fuel of a fuel mixed fuel unit, which has the specific implementation steps shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring total input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ in ；
S2, measuring other external input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ’ in ；
S3, measuring the mixed fuel processing amount in the running process of the unit in real timeX；
S4, calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement resultH u 。
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, which are intended to provide a better understanding of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific process conditions, analytical procedures and results thereof described in the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and should not, nor should they, limit the invention as detailed in the claims.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for quickly calculating a low calorific value of fuel of a combustion mixed fuel unit, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring total input heat in the running process of the mixed fuel unit in real timeQ in
In one example, the total input heatQ in Involving useful output heatQ out And total heat lossQ loss Namely, the following conditions are satisfied:
Q in =Q out +Q loss
optional, useful output heatQ out Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,M v is the main flow rate of the steam,H vapor is the main enthalpy of the steam,H water is the feed water enthalpy.
Specifically, main steam flowM v For the flow of steam through the main steam valve of the steam turbine, the main steam enthalpyH vapor The heat content per kg of steam, the enthalpy of feedH water The enthalpy of feed water may be calculated as feed water temperature (. degree. C. bai). times.4.18 (kJ/kg. ℃ C.) in some embodiments, as the amount of heat contained per kilogram of water. Main steam flow rate in the present embodimentM v Main steam enthalpyH vapor And enthalpy of feed waterH water Can be measured/calculated according to conventional fuel processing procedure measurement/calculation methods, and the embodiment is herein describedAnd will not be described in detail.
Optionally, total heat lossQ loss Involving loss of exhaust fumesQ flue Incomplete combustion heat lossQ combustion Heat loss from slagQ residue Heat loss of fly ashQ ash And radiative convection and conductive heat lossesQ con Namely, the following conditions are satisfied:
Q loss =Q flue +Q combustion +Q residue +Q ash +Q con
in particular, loss of exhaust fumesQ flue Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:c 1 the specific heat of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer;t b for a reference temperature, in some embodiments, 25 ℃ may be selected;c b the specific heat of the flue gas at the reference temperature;M f is the boiler outlet flue gas flow;T eco is the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer. Specific heat of flue gas at reference temperature c in this example b Boiler outlet flue gas flowM f And the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizerT eco Can be obtained by measurement/calculation according to the measurement/calculation method of the conventional fuel processing process, and the embodiment will not be described herein.
Specifically, heat loss due to incomplete combustionQ combustion The heat loss caused by the combustion heat of the residual combustible gas in the boiler exhaust smoke is also called chemical incomplete combustion heat loss and gas incomplete combustion heat loss. These combustible gases may be carbon oxides, hydrogen, hydrocarbons, etc. The calculation principle of the chemical incomplete combustion heat loss is that according to the analysis of smoke components, the volume of combustible gas is determined and then multiplied by the calorific value of the volume of the combustible gas.
In particular, heat loss from slagQ residue According to the following formulaThe following formula is calculated:
wherein:M residue the amount of dry slag;c residue the average specific heat capacity of the slag;T residue is the slag temperature;q residue the heat value of the slag combustible is 1 kilogram (per cubic meter) of heat released by the complete combustion of the slag combustible, and the unit is J/kg (J/m) 3 )；α residue The combustible content of the slag is the combustible (carbon) content in the slag discharged from a cold ash hopper or a slag outlet of the boiler. In this embodiment, each parameter of the slag may be obtained by measuring/calculating by using a measurement/calculation method of a common fuel processing process in the art, which is not described herein again.
In particular, fly ash heat lossQ ash Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M ash the fly ash amount;c ash is the fly ash heat capacity;q ash the heat value of the fly ash combustible material is 1 kilogram (per cubic meter) of heat released by complete combustion of the fly ash combustible material;α ash the combustible content of the fly ash is the carbon content in the fine ash discharged from a flue through a dust collector.
The fly ash is fine solid particles which are generated in the combustion process of fuel and discharged from flue gas ash, the particle size of the fly ash is generally between 1 and 100 mu m, and the fly ash is also called fly ash or soot, such as fine ash collected from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant. The fly ash is formed by cooling pulverized coal after entering a hearth at 1300-1500 ℃ and being subjected to heat absorption by a hot surface under the suspension combustion condition. Most of the fly ash is spherical due to the action of surface tension, the surface is smooth, and micropores are small. Part of the components are adhered by mutual collision in a molten state, and become a honeycomb group with rough surface and more edges and cornersAnd (4) synthesizing particles. The chemical composition of fly ash is related to the composition of the coal, the particle size of the coal, the type of boiler, the combustion condition and the collection mode. The amount of fly ash discharged is directly related to the ash content of the coal. In this embodiment, each parameter of the fly ash can be obtained by measuring/calculating by using a measurement/calculation method in a fuel treatment process commonly used in the art, which is not described herein again. In particular, radiative convection and conductive heat lossQ con Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:xis the mixed fuel throughput.
Real-time measurement of other external input heat in operation process of mixed fuel unitQ’ in
In one example, other externally input heatQ’ in Involving heat brought in by primary airQ prim The secondary air brings heatQ sec Heat brought by the recirculated flue gasQ proc Heat brought by air heatingQ heat And auxiliary equipment powerQ pow Namely, the following conditions are satisfied:
Q’ in =Q prim +Q sec +Q proc +Q heat +Q pow 。
specifically, the primary air brings heatQ prim Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M p is the primary air flow;M s is the secondary air flow;c prim the specific heat of air at the outlet of the primary air preheater;T prep the primary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater.
The primary air is air fed from the lower part of the grate when the grate-fired furnace burns; the coal dust and the coal dust are sent into the air of the hearth together when being combusted; when oil and gas fuel is burnt, air is fed into the hearth from the fire root. The primary air plays a dominant role in the combustion of the boiler. In this embodiment, the above parameters can be obtained by measuring/calculating by using a measurement/calculation method in a fuel processing process commonly used in the art, which is not described herein again.
Specifically, the secondary air brings heatQ sec Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:c sec the specific heat of air at the outlet of the secondary air preheater;T pres the secondary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater; the pulverized coal carried by the primary air enters the hearth and then is provided for oxygen combustion through the secondary air. Therefore, the primary air flow and the secondary air flow are important parameters for the operation of the boiler and participate in the main protection of the boiler. In this embodiment, the above parameters can be obtained by measuring/calculating by using a measurement/calculation method in a fuel processing process commonly used in the art, which is not described herein again.
In particular, heat from recirculated flue gasesQ proc Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M rec is the recycled flue gas amount;c r is the specific heat of the recycled flue gas;T rec is the recirculated flue gas temperature.
The recirculated flue gas refers to flue gas which participates in flue gas recirculation in combustion of a coal-fired boiler, the flue gas recirculation technology in combustion of the coal-fired boiler is mainly combined with air separation, oxygen-enriched supercharged combustion and other technologies, and the combustion technology with characteristics of the recirculated flue gas is generally air separation/recirculation technology and is also called O 2 /CO 2 Combustion technology. In this embodiment, the above parameters of the recycled flue gas can be the same as those in the artThe measurement/calculation method of the fuel processing process is used for measurement/calculation, and the description of the embodiment is omitted here.
In particular, the heat brought in by heating the airQ heat The heat quantity brought in the air heating process can be obtained by measurement/calculation by using a measurement/calculation method of a fuel processing process commonly used in the art in the present embodiment, which is not described herein again.
In particular, auxiliary powerQ pow The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein:U N : voltage, V;
i: current, A;
cos: a power factor;
η M : the efficiency of the motor can be taken as a design value.
Real-time measurement of mixed fuel processing amount in operation process of mixed fuel unitX
The mixed fuel processing amount X is the weight of the mixed fuel actually used for processing, and in this embodiment, the mixed fuel processing amount X can be obtained by measurement/calculation by using a measurement/calculation method of a fuel processing process commonly used in the art, which is not described herein again.
Calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement resultH u
In the present embodiment, the lower heating value of the mixed fuelH u The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
。
according to the rapid calculation method for the low calorific value of the mixed fuel unit fuel, the low calorific value of the mixed fuel can be calculated and obtained, the relative error is less than 6%, guidance is provided for unit performance check and thermal power check, and the method has important significance for mastering the combustion condition of a boiler and formulating corresponding energy-saving and emission-reduction measures.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for quickly calculating the lower calorific value of mixed fuel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring total input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ in ；
S2, measuring other external input heat in the running process of the unit in real timeQ’ in ；
S3, measuring the mixed fuel processing amount in the running process of the unit in real timeX；
S4, calculating the low calorific value of the mixed fuel according to the actual measurement resultH u The calculation formula is as follows:
2. the method for rapidly calculating the lower calorific value of a unit mixed fuel according to claim 1, wherein the total input heat during the operation of the unit in the step S1 isQ in Involving useful output heatQ out And total heat lossQ loss 。
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the useful output heat is calculated from the low heating value of the mixed fuelQ out Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,M v is the main flow rate of the steam,H vapor is the main enthalpy of the steam,H water is the feed water enthalpy.
4. The method for rapidly calculating the lower heating value of the mixed fuel according to claim 2, wherein the total heat loss comprises smoke discharge lossQ flue Incomplete combustion heat lossQ combustion Heat loss from slagQ residue Heat loss of fly ashQ ash And radiation convection and conduction heat lossQ con 。
5. The method for rapidly calculating the lower calorific value of the mixed fuel according to claim 4, wherein the loss of the exhaust smoke is reducedQ flue Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: c. C 1 The specific heat of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer; t is t b As reference temperature, c b The specific heat of the flue gas at the reference temperature;M f is the boiler outlet flue gas flow;T eco is the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer.
6. The method for rapidly calculating the lower calorific value of the mixed fuel according to claim 4, wherein the heat loss of the slag is calculatedQ residue Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M residue the amount of dry slag;c residue the average specific heat capacity of the slag;T residue is the slag temperature; t is t b Is a reference temperature;q residue is the combustible heat value of the slag;α residue is the combustible content of the slag.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the fly ash heat loss is calculated by the rapid calculation methodQ ash Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M ash the flying ash amount is calculated;c ash is the fly ash heat capacity;T eco the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the economizer; t is t b Is a reference temperature;q ash is the combustible heat value of the fly ash;α ash is the combustible content of fly ash.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein the radiation convection and conduction heat lossQ con Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:xis the mixed fuel throughput.
9. The method for rapidly calculating the lower calorific value of the mixed fuel according to claim 1, wherein other external input heat during the operation of the unit in the step S2 is usedQ’ in Involving heat brought in by primary airQ prim The secondary air brings heatQ sec Heat brought by the recirculated flue gasQ proc Heat brought by air heatingQ heat And the power of the equipmentQ pow 。
10. The method for rapidly calculating the lower calorific value of the mixed fuel according to claim 9, wherein the primary air brings in heatQ prim According to the following formulaCalculating to obtain:
wherein:M p is the primary air flow;M s is the secondary air flow;c prim the specific heat of air at the outlet of the primary air preheater;T prep the primary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater;
the secondary air brings heatQ sec Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:c sec the specific heat of air at the outlet of the secondary air preheater;T pres the secondary air temperature at the outlet of the preheater;
heat brought in by the recirculated flue gasQ proc Calculated according to the following formula:
wherein:M rec is the recycled flue gas amount;c r is the specific heat of the recycled flue gas;T rec is the recirculated flue gas temperature.
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