CN1148798A - 试验假肢 - Google Patents

试验假肢 Download PDF

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CN1148798A
CN1148798A CN95193174A CN95193174A CN1148798A CN 1148798 A CN1148798 A CN 1148798A CN 95193174 A CN95193174 A CN 95193174A CN 95193174 A CN95193174 A CN 95193174A CN 1148798 A CN1148798 A CN 1148798A
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slide block
artificial limb
knee
thigh
test artificial
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卢茨·比德曼
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Biedermann Motech GmbH and Co KG
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

提供一种带一个大腿(6)，一个小腿(7)，一个连接这两个部分的关节(4)，和一个膝部(1)的试验假肢，其中膝部(1)通过一个连接单元(8)与大腿(6)或小腿(7)相连，它使得连接的部分之间在与腿轴倾斜的方向可以相对运动。由此可以调整构件之间的相对位置，因此可以通过试验不同的构件为大腿截肢者方便地选择合适的假肢。

Description

试验假肢
本发明涉及一种试验假肢。
用于大腿截肢者，也就是该进行膝关节以上腿部截肢的人的假肢通常具有一个大腿部分、带脚的小腿部分，关节和一个摆动相位控制装置，其中大腿部分和小腿部分通过关节相互可旋转地连接。摆动相位控制装置具有一个第一和第二支座，其中第一支座与大腿，第二支座与小腿相连。
对于这种类型的假肢具有种类极不相同的小腿、脚、摆动相位控制装置、站立位置保持装置等等，首先它们的必须与大腿截肢者的需要相适应而性能不同，其次它们的价格不同。不同人员的解剖结构是不同的，因此大腿截肢者的假肢必须附加地与相应的解剖结构相适应。为了选择这种假肢不同构件以及与大腿截肢者的需要和解剖结构相适应必须能够对各种可能构件的不同组合和它与大腿截肢者的解剖结构的适应性进行试验。
这里产生这样的问题，不同的摆动相位控制装置和/或站立位置保持装置具有不同的尺寸和/或连接可能性和连接要求，由于它们不同的性能已经形成非常不同的小腿，因此在一个假肢中调换不同的构件经常几乎是不可能的，或者只有用很高费用才行。
因此选择正确的假肢以及为此对不同构件进行必要的试验是非常困难和费用高昂的。
本发明的目的在于制造一种试验假肢，用它可以使假肢不同构件的组合简单。
这个目的通过按权利要求1的试验假肢来解决。
本发明的细化的进一步结构在从属权利要求中标明。
一种结构形式的膝部结构可以使得与和膝部相连的其他构件无关地更换摆动相位控制装置。它可以使为了选择正确的摆动相位控制装置而进行必要的更换变得容易。同样带脚的小腿或大腿可以与和膝部或和下膝部或上膝部相连的其他构件无关。由此同样可以与假肢应用的其他构件无关地实现相应构件的更换。连接单元的调整装置可以使大腿相对于上膝部的位置进行调整，因此可以使大腿相对于应用的其他构件的位置相适应，如果这由于更换其他构件必需的话。
本发明的其他特征和实用性由借助于附图的实施例的阐述得到。附图中：
图1表示试验假肢不同构件的示意图；
图2表示试验假肢另一种实施例的不同构件的另一示意图；
图3调整装置一种结构形式的分解图示。
图1表示可以按照一种结构形式组合成一个试验假肢的不同构件。膝部1具有一个上膝部2a，2b和一个下膝部3a，3b及一个关节4。上膝部具有一个带一个第一支座或支承点11和一个滑块导轨的连接部分2a以及一个滑块2b，它与连接部分2a在滑块导轨内可移动地和可调整地固定相连。下膝部具有两个侧部3a，它通过适当的连接装置和在它的底面上一个部分与滑块导轨框形连接。一个滑块3b通过滑块导轨与一个这样形成的框架3c可移动地和可调整地固定相连。框架3C具有第二支座或第二支承点12。做成活塞-油(气)缸-装置的摆动相位控制装置5以其具有第一支座13的活塞杆可与连接部分3a的第一支承点11相连。摆动相位控制装置5在其(油)缸型端部具有第二支座14，以此它可以与框架3c的第二支承点12相连。在图1所示的结构形式中支座11、12、13、14做成通孔，使得各个第一支座11、13和第二支座12、14相应地可以通过螺钉栓之类连接。用这种方式作为摆动相位控制装置5可以将不同类型的摆动相位控制装置和/或站立位置保持装置5a至5e用于膝部1。这可以是气动伺服，液压伺服，机械之类活塞油缸装置或其他形式的摆动相位控制装置和站立位置保持装置。
图1上面一部分表示带三个示意表示的大腿托10(Oberschenkelschaft)的大腿托接头9。大腿托接头可以由塑料之类制成，在所示结构形式中它具有三个朝上的指9a，它们汇聚成一个漏斗状的下部9e。在图1的视图中只能看到两个指。大腿托接头9的漏斗状下部与一个连接单元8相连。连接单元是可更换的，后面还要叙述。通过连接单元8大腿托接头用滑块2b准确地和上膝部2连接。大腿托接头9的朝上的指9a在它的内侧上分别具有粘贴带(Klettbnder)9b。这些粘贴带在图1中示意示出。其外表面同样具有与上面所述的粘贴带共同起作用的粘贴带的大腿托10插入大腿托接头9的朝上的指之间，然后适当地通过扎在大腿托接头指的外表的胶带加以固定并保持。
在图1的下半部分示出了五种不同的带脚的小腿7(小腿-脚)。在试验和选择时这些小腿相应地与下膝部3的滑块3b相连。
正如由上述结构中清楚地看到的，每一个零件，也就是摆动相位保持装置，大腿或小腿可以单独地、互不相干地调换。
图1中可清楚地看出，小腿7局部地方做得有明显的不同。小腿和脚例如各自愿安照截肢者的活动程度选择，例如对于一个运动员和对于一个不太活动的老人对假肢的要求有明显的不同。图2中表示四种小腿7，它们分别做成管状。如果小腿的区别局限于与之相连接的脚的不同，那末图2中示意示出的法兰可以用来与膝部作更简单和更快捷的连接。
图1和2中表示的连接单元8具有一个调整装置。用这个调整装置可以改变带大腿托接头9和大腿托10的大腿相对于上膝部的位置。这意味着大腿6可以相对于腿的轴线(腿轴)运动，腿轴表示通过小腿、膝部和大腿的假想线。在图2中通过箭头示意表示在一个平行于关节4的轴线的平面内垂直于关节轴线的方向的移动，和在垂直于关节4的轴线的平面内的转动，也就是说，相对于腿轴倾斜的方向的转动。
图3以分解图的方式表示连接装置的这种调整装置的一种结构形式。图3画出了连接装置的一个第一滑块21，一个第二滑块22和一个旋转支座23。第一滑块21是一个带上平面和下平面的板状(零件)，下面平面上制有一个基本上呈梯形截面的滑块导轨31。梯形滑块导轨31做成这样，使梯形的长边位于上平面一方。第二滑块22同样基本上是带一个下平面和一个基本上平整的上平面的板状(零件)。在上平面上做成一个突起的带和滑块导轨槽31相应的横截面的凸滑块32。凸滑块32的梯形横截面相对于滑块导轨槽31的梯形横截面这样地选择，使凸滑块可以装入滑块导轨槽31内，并且第一滑块21的下平面和第二滑块22的上平面可以在同一个平面内相互移动。第一滑块在它的底面上有一个凹槽，槽内放一个楔形夹紧块24。第一滑块21上制有一个平行于其上平面的一直通到放楔形夹紧块24的凹槽的螺纹孔。在螺纹孔内装一个螺钉25，使得通过螺钉的转动装在凹槽内的楔形夹紧块24能够相应地在滑块导轨槽31内移动。因此第一滑块21和第二滑块22的位置通过螺钉25在螺纹孔内的转动和楔形夹紧块适当的夹紧稳定地调整。这样由第一滑块21，第二滑块22，楔形夹紧块24和螺钉25形成一个调整装置，它可以在平行于滑块21，22的上、下平面的平面内在一个方向移动。
在图3中表示的结构形式中第一滑块21是连接装置8的上面一部分。大腿托接头9通过图3中表示的螺钉26与第一滑块21相连。第二滑块22通过没有画出来的固定元件与旋转支座23相连。旋转支座23基本上做成平板形。旋转支座23在其中央具有一个基本上圆形的孔。在圆形孔内制成四个对称设置的凹槽33。在这些凹槽内装有相应的楔形夹紧块27。这些楔形夹紧块27可以通过螺纹孔34内的螺钉28，与楔形夹紧块24通过螺钉25移动相似，在旋转支座23的孔的内部方向移动。旋转支座23用它的孔套在这里没有画出来的，作为连接单元8的第一部分与上膝部2固定相连的旋转榫轴上。旋转支座23作为连接单元8的第二部分可以这样地绕旋转榫轴的轴线旋转，同时旋转支座23相对于旋转榫轴，因而也就是相对于上膝部的位置通过螺钉28拧入螺纹孔34固定地调整。
这样，通过应用第一和第二滑块21、22、旋转支座23、楔形夹紧块24、27和螺钉25、28组成一个带调整装置的连接装置，它允许对大腿6相对于上膝部2的位置在两个自由度内进行调整，也就是滑块的移动和旋转支座绕旋转榫轴的转动。
图3中还表示了一个第三滑块29和一个第四滑块30。这些滑块基本上做成楔形，也就是它的基本上是平面的上、下表面相互不平行，而是具有一个角度A’，它最好是在0～10°的范围内。第三和第四滑块29，30在它们的上端面分别具有一个凸滑块，在它们的下端面上具有一个滑块导轨槽31，它们分别相应于第一和第二滑块21、22的凸滑块32和槽31。通过应用这种楔形滑块，如果这种楔形滑块装入第一滑块21和第二滑块22之间，那末可以得到另一个移动自由度，同时附加地通过楔角 的选择使第一滑块21相对于第二滑块22倾斜。由此作为结果也使大腿6相对于上膝部2倾斜。通过选择不同的楔角
Figure A9519317400082
可以改变倾斜度。这样可以实现在图2所示结构形式中所表示的回转运动或大腿相对于上膝部的倾斜度的改变。
作为选择可以不用第三和/或第四楔形滑块29、30而采用类似的带槽和凸起的滑块，它们的上、下端面相互平行，也就是说相互之间没有角度。
参照图1将介绍图1中所示试验假肢的结构形式的其他特征。摆动相位控制装置5并非必须具有站立位置保持装置，也即防止站立时假肢弯曲失稳的保障装置。试验假肢的轴线合理结构与应用带或不带站立位置保持装置的摆动相位保持装置有关。轴线合理结构意思是在带站立位置保持装置的摆劝相位控制装置中大腿纵轴线A，膝部纵轴线B(它由关节4的轴线和下接头12确定)和小腿7的纵轴线C相互成一直线，如图1中左面的膝部示图所示，或者轴线A在上膝部2上的垂足至少位于B轴上。
如果摆动相位保持装置不带站立位置保持装置，那末上面的对准定位产生一个不稳定的平衡，因此为了大腿截肢者稳定的站立，膝部的纵轴线B，也就是通过关节4的回转轴和接头12的连线必须相对于大腿和小腿的轴线A、B在上和下膝部2、3上的垂足向后移动一个距离d。这个状态在图1中右边的膝部示图中表示出来。
对于与应用带或不带站立位置保持位置的相位控制装置有关的轴线合理的结构这种移动的可能性由上膝部和下膝部2、3的滑块2b，3b实现。

Claims (12)

1.试验假肢，带：
一个大腿部分(6)
一个小腿部分(7)
一个连接这两个部分的关节(4)，和
一个膝部(1)，
其特征在于：
膝部(1)通过连接单元(8)与大腿(6)或者小腿(3)相连，通过连接单元大腿(6)可以在连接部分之间在与腿轴线倾斜的方向作相对运动。
2.按权利要求1的试验假肢，
其特征在于：
大腿(6)具有一个包围连接单元(8)的大腿托接头(9)和一个大腿托(10)。
3.按权利要求1或2的试验假肢，
设有连接膝部(1)和小腿(7)的快换机构。
4.按权利要求1至3之任一项的试验假肢，其特征在于：
连接单元(8)具有一个带第一滑块(21)和第二滑块(22)的滑块机构，它们相互间可以在第一方向制动和移动。
5.按权利要求1至4之任一项的试验假肢，其特征在于：
连接单元(8)具有一个第一部分和一个可绕基本上平行于腿轴的轴线旋转的第二部分(23)。
6.按权利要求4或5的试验假肢，
其特征在于：
所述滑块机构是一个带第三滑块件(29，30)的十字滑块，其中第三滑块装在第一滑块件(21)和第二滑块件(22)之间，同时
第一滑块件和第三滑块件在第一平面内第一方向上以及第三滑块件和第二滑块件在第二平面内第二方向上可以相互制动和移动。
7.按权利要求6的试验假肢，
其特征在于：
在至少一个滑块件上上、下端面间相互倾斜。
8.按权利要求1至7之任一项的试验假肢，其特征在于：
膝部具有一个框架(3c)和一个摆动相位控制装置(5)。
9.按权利要求8的试验假肢，
其特征在于：
摆动相位控制装置(5)制成活塞-气缸装置，并在第一和第二支座(13，14)处与膝部(1)可更换地连接。
10.按权利要求9的试验假肢，
其特征在于：
支座(11，12)中至少有一个在与腿轴倾斜的方向可以相对于框架(3c)移动。
11.按权利要求1至10之任一项的试验假肢，其特征在于
作为小腿设计了多种相应于不同要求的小腿-脚单元，它们相互可以更换。
12.按权利要求8至11之任一项的试验假肢，其特征在于：
设有一组可以相互更换的摆动相位控制装置，它至少包括一个气动伺服、一个液压伺服和一个机械装置。
CN95193174A 1994-05-25 1995-04-27 试验假肢 Pending CN1148798A (zh)

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