CN114879469B - Contactless interaction equipment based on calculation hologram - Google Patents
Contactless interaction equipment based on calculation hologram Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
- G03H1/2294—Addressing the hologram to an active spatial light modulator
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
The application discloses a contactless interaction device based on computational holography, wherein the device comprises: a light source; the spatial filter is used for carrying out filtering treatment on the light beams emitted by the light source to generate a point light source; a generator for generating a polarized plane wave based on the point light source; the spatial light modulator is used for loading a hologram obtained by a calculation holographic algorithm and modulating complex amplitude distribution of a transmission plane wave obtained by a polarized plane wave by utilizing the hologram to obtain a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result; and the acquisition device is used for acquiring the interaction action of the user on the three-dimensional suspension projection result and generating an interaction instruction. Therefore, the technical problems that the screen or medium is still required to be supported in the related technology, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, the user is required to wear corresponding special equipment, and the cost is high are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of computer-generated holograms, in particular to a non-contact interaction device based on computer-generated holograms.
Background
Currently, human-computer interaction is generally required to be implemented through a contact device, such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, and the like. Taking the keypad of the ATM and the floor keys of the elevator as examples, in order to avoid cross infection caused by virus residues, the keypad keys must be sterilized or replaced with transparent plastic films periodically, thereby greatly increasing the inconvenience in the use and maintenance process. Even so, it is still difficult for the contact interaction device to completely avoid cross-infection by viruses.
In the related art, it mainly includes the following two kinds:
first kind: projected interactive devices such as sony Xperia Touch. The projection type interaction device realizes man-machine interaction based on a non-physical keyboard through laser projection and finger position acquisition. However, the projection results of such devices still require a screen or media bearing, remain essentially contact interactive devices, and the common disadvantages of contact devices are unavoidable. Meanwhile, the projection result is usually two-dimensional projection, and the requirement of displaying at any position in space cannot be met.
Second kind: virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) technology. After the public equipment and the VR/AR equipment of the user are paired, the non-contact interaction of the three-dimensional suspension projection can be realized. However, this implementation requires the user to wear a dedicated device such as a VR/AR helmet, increasing the inconvenience and cost of use.
In summary, the related art can only perform two-dimensional projection without wearing special equipment by a user, and cannot meet the requirement of displaying at any position in space; and the special equipment worn by the user is inconvenient to carry and has high cost. Accordingly, there is still a need for improvement in the related art.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a non-contact interaction device based on calculation hologram, which solves the technical problems that a screen or medium is still required to be received in the related technology, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, a user is required to wear corresponding special equipment, and the cost is high.
Embodiments of a first aspect of the present application provide a contactless interaction device based on computational holography, comprising: a light source; the spatial filter is used for carrying out filtering treatment on the light beams emitted by the light source to generate a point light source; a generator for generating polarized plane waves based on the point light sources; the spatial light modulator is used for loading a hologram obtained by a calculation holographic algorithm, modulating complex amplitude distribution of a transmission plane wave obtained by the polarized plane wave by utilizing the hologram, and obtaining a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result; and the acquisition device is used for acquiring interaction actions of a user on the three-dimensional suspension projection result and generating interaction instructions.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, further includes: the objective lens is used for converging the light beams of the light source to generate light spots; and the clear aperture is used for filtering stray light and obtaining a point light source meeting preset conditions, wherein the center of the clear aperture and the center of the photoelectricity are mutually overlapped.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the generator includes: the convex lens is used for converging divergent spherical waves generated by the point light source to obtain collimated plane waves; and the polaroid is used for changing the polarization state of the collimation plane wave and generating the polarization plane wave.
Alternatively, in one embodiment of the present application, the spatial light modulator is a transmissive liquid crystal device, a reflective digital micro-mirror device, or a liquid crystal on silicon device.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the spatial light modulator is further configured to calculate a complex amplitude distribution of the three-dimensional target object on the holographic plane by using a preset diffraction model, and obtain the amplitude-type or phase-type hologram by using a preset encoding method according to the complex amplitude distribution.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, further includes: and the plane reflecting mirror is used for turning the holographic reconstruction light wave of the three-dimensional suspension projection result emitted vertically upwards into horizontal emission.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the collecting device includes: and the camera is used for collecting the actual distance and the actual height of the finger of the user relative to the three-dimensional suspension projection result.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, further includes: and the adjusting component is used for changing the angle of the plane reflecting mirror according to the identity of the user so that the projection picture reaches the ideal position corresponding to the user.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the collecting device includes: and the driving circuit is used for reading the input signals of one or more components, identifying an interaction instruction based on the interaction action and controlling the working state of the one or more components according to the interaction instruction.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, further includes: a housing; and the power supply module is used for providing power supply.
According to the embodiment of the application, the hologram obtained by the calculation holographic algorithm can be loaded, the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave is modulated by the hologram, the preset three-dimensional suspension projection result is obtained, and then the interaction instruction is generated, so that the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern at any space position is realized, a screen or medium is not required to be accepted, special equipment such as a helmet is not required to be worn, and the non-contact interaction of fingers and the three-dimensional suspension projection is realized. Therefore, the technical problems that the screen or medium is still required to be supported in the related technology, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, the user is required to wear corresponding special equipment, and the cost is high are solved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
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The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a contactless interaction device based on computational holography according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer-generated hologram based contactless interaction device according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an alternative light path diagram of light coupled out using optical fibers for a computer-generated holographic-based contactless interaction device according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is an alternative light path diagram of a computer-generated hologram based contactless interaction device using reflective devices according to one embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a computer generated hologram algorithm of a computer generated hologram based contactless interaction device according to one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of a light field three-dimensional camera of a computer-holographic-based contactless interaction device according to one embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.
A computer-hologram-based contactless interaction device according to an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Aiming at the problems that in the related technology mentioned in the background technology center, screen or medium bearing is still needed, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, corresponding special equipment is needed to be worn by a user, and the cost is high, the application provides a non-contact interaction device based on calculation hologram. Therefore, the technical problems that the screen or medium is still required to be supported in the related technology, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, the user is required to wear corresponding special equipment, and the cost is high are solved.
Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a contactless interaction device based on computer-generated holograms according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the computer-generated hologram-based contactless interaction device 10 includes: light source 100, spatial filter 200, generator 300, spatial light modulator 400, and acquisition device 500.
As one possible implementation, the light source 100 of the embodiments of the present application may use a laser diode or a laser light source as the light source 100 of the device 10. The laser diode has small volume and partial coherence, and is suitable for a compact calculation holographic system; the laser source has good beam directivity, concentrated energy, high brightness and strong coherence. Compared with a laser diode, the laser light source has larger volume and higher power, and is more suitable for a large-volume calculation holographic system.
The spatial filter 200 is used for filtering the light beam emitted by the light source to generate a point light source.
It will be appreciated that the spatial filter 200 is composed of an objective lens and a clear aperture, and its filtering performance is related to the magnification of the objective lens and the clear diameter of the clear aperture. The objective lens and the clear aperture will be described in detail later.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the spatial filter 200 includes: an objective lens and a clear aperture.
Wherein, the objective lens is used for converging the light beam of the light source 100 and generating a light spot.
And the clear aperture is used for filtering stray light and obtaining a point light source meeting preset conditions, wherein the center of the clear aperture and the center of the photoelectricity are mutually overlapped.
Here, the objective lens and the clear aperture will be described in detail, and the objective lens functions to converge the light beam, and after the light wave emitted from the light source 100 enters the objective lens, the light beam can be converged into a light spot with a very small size; the clear aperture is positioned in the center of the opaque metal sheet, has extremely small size, and can filter stray light to obtain an ideal point light source.
Specifically, the spatial filter 200 performs filtering processing on the light beam emitted by the light source 100, and a process of generating a point light source is shown in fig. 2, and the light waves are converged by the objective lens to obtain light spots with smaller sizes, wherein the sizes of converging points at different depths are different along the optical axis direction; the position of the clear aperture is adjusted back and forth along the optical axis direction through a mechanical structure, so that the clear aperture is positioned on a plane with the minimum light spot size; the clear aperture is translated in this plane so that the center of the clear aperture coincides with the center of the spot. At this time, the stray component of the light wave passing through the clear aperture is less, and the quality of the point light source is better.
In the practical implementation process, the embodiment of the application can select an objective lens with the magnification of 40 times and a clear aperture with the clear diameter of 15 μm for combination. It should be noted that the above parameter combinations are only reference values, and those skilled in the art can adjust the magnification and the light transmission diameter according to the actual situation, so that the filtering performance of the spatial filter 200 meets the requirements of the specific application scenario, and no specific limitation is made herein.
In some embodiments, when the laser diode is coupled out of the light through an optical fiber, the light source 100 approximates a point source, which may be filtered without the use of an objective lens, clear aperture. As shown in fig. 3, compared with fig. 2, the optical path of the alternative optical path of the optical fiber coupled light-out is less than that of the optical path of the optical fiber coupled light-out, two elements of an objective lens and a clear aperture are omitted, and the light source 100 is replaced by a laser diode of the optical fiber coupled light-out, which is composed of a laser diode driving power source 031, an optical fiber 032 and a light-out surface 033.
And a generator 300 for generating polarized plane waves based on the point light sources.
As a possible implementation manner, the generator 300 is provided in the embodiment of the present application, and the generator 300 may generate a polarized plane wave based on the point light source filtered by the spatial filter 200. According to the method and the device, the polarized plane waves generated by the generator 300 are used for further obtaining the transmission plane waves, a foundation is laid for the subsequent generation of the complex amplitude distribution of the transmission plane waves, the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern at any space position is facilitated, a screen or medium is not required to be received, special equipment such as a helmet is not required to be worn, and the non-contact interaction of fingers and the three-dimensional suspension projection is realized.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the generator 300 includes: convex lenses and polarizers.
The convex lens is used for converging the divergent spherical wave generated by the point light source and acquiring the collimation plane wave.
And the polaroid is used for changing the polarization state of the collimation plane wave and generating the polarization plane wave.
It can be appreciated that the convex lens functions as a converging and diverging spherical wave to obtain a collimated plane wave, which specifically includes: the light source 100 is a preferable point light source after passing through the clear aperture, the corresponding wavefront is a divergent spherical wave, the distance between the clear aperture and the convex lens is adjusted to the focal length of the convex lens, and the divergent spherical wave is collimated after passing through the convex lens, and becomes a collimated plane wave.
The polarizing plate is used to change the polarization state of the collimated plane wave, and the spatial light modulator 400 used in the embodiment of the present application generally has polarization selectivity, and by rotating the polarizing plate, the fast axis angle of the polarizing plate can be changed, so as to change the polarization state of the light wave, and after the collimated plane wave passes through the polarizing plate, the polarization state is changed, so that the collimated plane wave becomes a polarized plane wave.
The spatial light modulator 400 is used for loading a hologram obtained by a calculation holographic algorithm and modulating complex amplitude distribution of a transmission plane wave obtained by a polarized plane wave by using the hologram to obtain a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result.
In the actual implementation process, the function of the spatial light modulator 400 is to load a hologram, and the embodiment of the application can use the spatial light modulator 400 to load the hologram, and modulate the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave obtained by the polarized plane wave by using the hologram, so as to obtain a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result. According to the embodiment of the application, the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave is obtained through the spatial light modulator 400, and then the preset three-dimensional suspension projection result is obtained, so that the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern at any spatial position is realized, a screen or medium is not required to be accepted, special equipment such as a helmet is not required to be worn, and the non-contact interaction of fingers and the three-dimensional suspension projection is realized.
Alternatively, in one embodiment of the present application, spatial light modulator 400 is a transmissive liquid crystal device, a reflective digital micro-mirror device, or a liquid crystal on silicon device.
For example, in the embodiment of the present application, a transmissive liquid crystal device may be selected as the spatial light modulator 400, the transmissive device does not change the optical path structure, and the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave may be directly modulated by the loaded hologram, so as to obtain a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result.
However, the transmissive device is generally an amplitude type device, and has problems of limited diffraction efficiency and insufficient resolution. Thus, in addition to transmissive liquid crystal devices, reflective digital micro-mirror devices and liquid crystal on silicon devices may also be alternatives to spatial light modulator 400. The digital micro-mirror device is an amplitude type device and is characterized by higher resolution and extremely high response speed, but the defect that the zero-order diffraction result is difficult to eliminate is also existed; the silicon-based liquid crystal device is a phase type device and is characterized by higher resolution and better diffraction reconstruction quality, but has the defect of slower response speed.
In addition, the use of reflective digital micromirror devices and liquid crystal on silicon devices generally requires changing the structure of the optical path, which is more complex than transmissive devices. An alternative optical path using reflective devices is shown in fig. 4, in which 041 splitting prisms and 042 plane mirrors are added, as compared to the optical path shown in fig. 2.
In actual use, the type of the spatial light modulator can be reasonably selected according to the specific requirements on the projection display quality, so as to meet the requirements of specific application scenes.
Alternatively, in one embodiment of the present application, the spatial light modulator 400 is further configured to calculate a complex amplitude distribution of the three-dimensional target object on the hologram plane through a preset diffraction model, and obtain an amplitude-type or phase-type hologram through a preset encoding method according to the complex amplitude distribution.
It will be appreciated that the encoding method of the complex amplitude distribution is selected in accordance with the modulation characteristics of the spatial light modulator 400, for example, for a pure amplitude type spatial light modulator, the complex amplitude distribution is encoded as a pure amplitude type hologram. The modulation characteristics are, for example, phase-only or amplitude-only, and are not particularly limited herein.
It should be noted that the hologram loaded on the spatial light modulator 400 is obtained by a calculation hologram algorithm, the calculation hologram technique can calculate the complex amplitude distribution of the three-dimensional target object on the hologram plane through a diffraction model, and the calculated complex amplitude distribution can obtain an amplitude-type or phase-type hologram through an appropriate encoding method.
The diffraction model and the encoding method are collectively called a computational hologram algorithm, and the flow is shown in fig. 5, wherein the acquisition of the holographic depth is performed by the acquisition device 500.
Compared with the traditional projection technology, the projection technology based on the calculation hologram comprises the amplitude and the phase of the target three-dimensional image, can accurately reproduce the depth information of the three-dimensional image, can realize the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern, and is considered as a future-oriented display technology.
According to the embodiment of the application, an angular spectrum propagation model can be selected as a diffraction model for calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the holographic plane, and Bosch coding can be selected as a coding method for obtaining the amplitude type hologram.
The angular spectrum propagation model can describe near light wave propagation, the object plane sampling interval is irrelevant to propagation distance, complex amplitude distribution can be obtained through two times of Fourier transformation, and a reconstruction result can show a remarkable three-dimensional effect, so that the angular spectrum propagation model is a wave front propagation model with high calculation speed, high reconstruction precision and low algorithm complexity; the Boqi coding is a holographic coding method based on off-axis holography, and has the characteristics of low coding complexity, small calculated amount and high pixel utilization rate.
Besides the angular spectrum propagation model, a Fresnel diffraction model, a Fraunhofer diffraction model and a Fourier transform model can be used for calculating complex amplitude distribution on a holographic plane; single sideband encoding, li Hanwei encoding, bi-phase encoding, and phase-only encoding can all be used to obtain different types of computational holograms. In practical use, the diffraction model and the encoding method can be reasonably selected by the skilled person according to the requirements on the projection distance and the display quality, and the method is not particularly limited.
The acquisition device 500 is used for acquiring interaction actions of a user on the three-dimensional suspension projection result and generating interaction instructions.
As a possible implementation manner, the embodiment of the present application may collect, through the collection device 500, interaction actions of a user on a three-dimensional suspension projection result, and generate an interaction instruction. According to the method and the device, interaction actions of the user can be collected, and then the interaction instructions are produced, so that an interaction process is completed, non-contact interaction is realized, three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern at any space position is realized, a screen or medium is not required to be received, special equipment such as a helmet is not required to be worn, and non-contact interaction of fingers and three-dimensional suspension projection is realized.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the acquisition device 500 includes: a camera is provided.
The camera is used for collecting the actual distance and the actual height of the finger of the user relative to the three-dimensional suspension projection result.
It will be appreciated that the camera functions to capture the distance and height of the user's finger. In the embodiment of the application, the camera may be a light field three-dimensional camera, and the structure of the camera is shown in fig. 6. In the figure 061 is the user's hand, 062 is the main lens, 063 is the real image of the hand, 064 is the lens array, 065 is the sensor. After the user stretches out the hand, 061 is imaged by 062, and an inverted and contracted real image is obtained at the middle position between 062 and 064.
The process of three-dimensional imaging and recovery is described below by taking a point of a fingertip as an example:
the light rays at the finger tip positions in different directions at 063 are imaged after passing through the tiny lenses at different positions at 064 and are recorded by pixels at different positions at 065. Thus, the line connecting a pixel in 065 with a corresponding microlens in 064 may represent the light of the finger tip position in a particular direction.
All pixels representing the finger tip position and corresponding micro lenses are traversed to obtain all light rays in different directions.
The intersection point of different light rays is the three-dimensional coordinate of the finger tip in the imaging space.
Through the object-image correspondence, the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the fingertip in 061 in the real world can be obtained through 063 solving.
In the conventional man-machine interaction system, when a user inputs information, a finger should contact a keyboard, so that the three-dimensional space coordinates of the finger tip of the user can also represent the distance and the height of a picture to be projected. The above distance and height parameters will be used as input parameters for the calculation of the holographic algorithm.
Optionally, in one embodiment of the present application, the acquisition device 500 includes: and a driving circuit.
The driving circuit is used for reading input signals of one or more components, identifying interaction instructions based on interaction actions and controlling working states of the one or more components according to the interaction instructions.
It can be understood that the driving circuit is used for reading signals input by components in the system and controlling the working states of the components in the system.
The actual working steps of the driving circuit are as follows:
firstly, information acquired by a camera in the acquisition device 500 can be transmitted to a driving circuit through a cable, and three-dimensional space coordinates of a user's finger tip are obtained after the information is processed by the driving circuit;
second, according to the input parameters, the driving circuit can calculate and obtain a calculation hologram of the picture to be projected, and transmit the calculation hologram to the spatial light modulator 400 through a cable;
thirdly, according to the actual use condition, the driving circuit can change the power of the light source 100, so as to change the brightness of the picture to be projected;
fourthly, according to the three-dimensional space coordinates of the finger tips, the driving circuit can control the adjusting component to drive the plane reflecting mirror to deflect, and the picture to be projected is projected to an ideal height;
fifthly, when the finger tip coordinates acquired by the camera are consistent with the keyboard coordinates, the corresponding keys which the finger needs to click are identified.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the computer-generated hologram based contactless interaction device 10 further comprises: plane reflecting mirror.
The plane reflector is used for turning holographic reconstruction light waves of the three-dimensional suspension projection result emitted vertically upwards into horizontal emission.
It can be understood that the plane mirror functions to turn the light path, and in this embodiment, the holographic reconstruction light wave modulated by the spatial light modulator 400 is emitted vertically upwards, and becomes horizontally emitted after being turned by the plane mirror, so that the holographic reconstruction light wave is just flush with the sight line of the user, and is convenient for the user to operate and use.
It should be noted that the system structure in fig. 2 is only a typical design example of the embodiment of the present application, and the outgoing directions of the holographic projection results may be different according to the usage scenarios, and the directions of the plane mirrors may also be changed accordingly.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the computer-generated hologram based contactless interaction device 10 further comprises: an adjustment assembly.
The adjusting component is used for changing the angle of the plane reflecting mirror according to the identity of the user so that the projection picture reaches the ideal position of the user.
As one possible implementation, the adjustment assembly of the embodiments of the present application may be an electronically controlled rotating mount that functions to change the angle of the planar mirror.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are differences in factors such as height, habit of use, etc. of different users, and that the three-dimensional coordinates of the finger tips are not the same. According to the position of the finger tip, the axial distance of the picture to be projected can be changed in the process of calculating the hologram; but is limited by the modulation performance of the spatial light modulator 400, when the position of the finger tip in the vertical plane deviates too much from the horizontal exit window, the screen to be projected cannot be projected to the desired height simply by means of the spatial light modulator 400. According to the embodiment of the application, the angle of the plane reflecting mirror can be changed through the adjusting component, the emergent direction of the holographic reconstruction light wave can be changed, and the picture to be projected can reach an ideal position.
Optionally, in an embodiment of the present application, the computer-generated hologram based contactless interaction device 10 further comprises: a housing and a power module.
The power module is used for providing power.
In particular, in embodiments of the present application, the housing may be an outer shell of the device 10 that functions to secure and protect the internal components; the power module functions to power the various electronic control components in the device 10.
The following describes embodiments of the present application in detail, taking a complete duty cycle as an example.
Firstly, a camera collects a light field three-dimensional image of a user finger, transmits the light field three-dimensional image to a driving circuit through a cable for data processing, solves and obtains a space three-dimensional coordinate of the user finger tip in the real world according to a ray tracing method and an object image corresponding relation, takes the real space three-dimensional coordinate of the finger tip as a projection position of a picture to be projected, and uses space coordinate parameters to realize calculation of a hologram.
Next, the drive circuit obtains a complex amplitude distribution on the hologram plane using an angular spectrum propagation model as a diffraction model with the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the finger tip as hologram calculation parameters, and encodes the complex amplitude distribution into an amplitude-type calculation hologram using bosch encoding. The amplitude-type calculation hologram is transmitted through a cable and loaded to the spatial light modulator 400.
Again, the driving circuit sequentially changes the power of the light source 100 and the deflection state of the adjustment assembly according to the real space three-dimensional coordinates and the actual use requirements. The light wave emitted by the light source 100 irradiates the spatial light modulator 400 after being filtered, collimated and changed in polarization state, and is modulated by the amplitude-type calculation hologram loaded on the spatial light modulator 400, thereby obtaining a holographic reconstruction light wave. The adjusting component drives the plane mirror to deflect, the holographic reconstruction light wave reaches the finger tip area after being reflected by the plane mirror, and the image to be projected is reconstructed in the target area.
And finally, virtually touching the picture to be projected by the user, acquiring a light field three-dimensional image of the finger of the user again by the camera, and transmitting the light field three-dimensional image to the driving circuit through the cable for data processing. The driving circuit judges the specific position of the finger, and executes specific operation by combining the specific content of the picture to be projected, so as to realize non-contact interaction of the human and the machine.
The following describes a man-machine interaction process in a complete working cycle in the embodiment of the present application, taking a virtual password keyboard as an example:
firstly, the camera collects and calculates the space three-dimensional coordinates of the user's finger.
Next, the driving circuit calculates an amplitude hologram of the code keyboard using the spatial three-dimensional coordinates as parameters.
And thirdly, the driving circuit projects the holographic reconstruction result of the password keyboard to the position of the finger tip through the opto-electronic control.
Finally, the user virtually touches the number "1" key of the password keyboard, the operation is collected again by the camera 501, and the driving circuit finishes inputting the number "1" after data processing.
A computer-hologram based contactless interaction device according to a specific embodiment of the present application is explained in detail below with reference to fig. 2 to 6.
The embodiment of the application comprises the following steps: light source 100, spatial filter 200, objective 201, clear aperture 202, generator 300, convex lens 301, polarizer 302, spatial light modulator 400, collection device 500, camera 501, adjustment assembly 502, planar mirror 600, drive circuit 700, housing 800, and power supply 900.
The spatial filter 200 is composed of an objective lens 201 and a clear aperture 202.
The objective lens 201 is used for converging the light beam, and after the light wave emitted by the light source 100 enters the objective lens 201, the light can be converged into a light spot with a very small size.
The clear aperture 202, the clear aperture 202 is located in the center of the opaque metal sheet, has extremely small size, and can filter stray light to obtain an ideal point light source.
Specifically, the spatial filter 200 performs filtering processing on the light beam emitted by the light source 100, and a process of generating a point light source is shown in fig. 2, and the light waves are converged by the objective lens 201 to obtain light spots with smaller sizes, wherein the sizes of converging points at different depths are different along the optical axis direction; the position of the clear aperture 202 is adjusted back and forth along the optical axis direction by a mechanical structure, so that the clear aperture is positioned on a plane with the minimum spot size; the clear aperture 202 is translated in this plane such that the center of the clear aperture 202 coincides with the center of the spot. At this time, the light wave stray component passing through the clear aperture 202 is small, and the quality of the point light source is good.
In practical implementation, the embodiment of the present application may select and combine the objective lens 201 with a magnification of 40 times and the clear aperture with a clear diameter 202 of 15 μm. It should be noted that the above parameter combinations are only reference values, and those skilled in the art can adjust the magnification and the light transmission diameter according to the actual situation, so that the filtering performance of the spatial filter 200 meets the requirements of the specific application scenario, and no specific limitation is made herein.
In some embodiments, when the laser diode is coupled out of the light through the fiber, the light source 100 approximates a point source, and the objective lens 201 and the clear aperture 202 may not be used for filtering. As shown in fig. 3, compared with the optical path shown in fig. 2, the optical path of the alternative optical path using the optical fiber to couple out light is less than the optical path shown in fig. 2, two elements of the objective lens 201 and the clear aperture 202 are omitted, and the light source 100 is replaced by a laser diode of the optical fiber to couple out light, which is composed of a laser diode driving power 031, an optical fiber 032 and a light-emitting surface 033.
The generator 300 is composed of a convex lens 301 and a polarizing plate 302.
The convex lens 301, the convex lens 301 functions to converge the divergent spherical wave to obtain a collimated plane wave, which specifically includes the following steps: the light source 100 is a preferable point light source after passing through the clear aperture 202, the corresponding wavefront shape is a divergent spherical wave, the distance between the clear aperture 202 and the convex lens 301 is adjusted to the focal length of the convex lens 301, and the divergent spherical wave is collimated after passing through the convex lens 301, and becomes a collimated plane wave.
The polarizer 302, the polarizer 302 is used to change the polarization state of the collimated plane wave, and the spatial light modulator 400 used in the embodiment of the present application generally has polarization selectivity, and by rotating the polarizer 302, the fast axis angle of the polarizer 302 can be changed, so as to change the polarization state of the light wave, and after the collimated plane wave passes through the polarizer, the polarization state is changed, so that the collimated plane wave becomes a polarized plane wave.
The spatial light modulator 400 is used for loading a hologram, for example, a transmissive liquid crystal device can be selected as the spatial light modulator 400, the transmissive device does not change the light path structure, and the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave can be directly modulated through the loaded hologram, so that a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result is obtained.
However, the transmissive device is generally an amplitude type device, and has problems of limited diffraction efficiency and insufficient resolution. Thus, in addition to transmissive liquid crystal devices, reflective digital micro-mirror devices and liquid crystal on silicon devices may also be alternatives to spatial light modulator 400. The digital micro-mirror device is an amplitude type device and is characterized by higher resolution and extremely high response speed, but the defect that the zero-order diffraction result is difficult to eliminate is also existed; the silicon-based liquid crystal device is a phase type device and is characterized by higher resolution and better diffraction reconstruction quality, but has the defect of slower response speed.
In addition, the use of reflective digital micromirror devices and liquid crystal on silicon devices generally requires changing the structure of the optical path, which is more complex than transmissive devices. An alternative optical path using reflective devices is shown in fig. 4, in which 041 splitting prisms and 042 plane mirrors are added as compared to fig. 2.
In actual use, the type of the spatial light modulator can be reasonably selected according to the specific requirements on the projection display quality, so as to meet the requirements of specific application scenes.
It should be noted that the hologram loaded on the spatial light modulator 400 is obtained by a calculation hologram algorithm, the calculation hologram technique can calculate the complex amplitude distribution of the three-dimensional target object on the hologram plane through a diffraction model, and the calculated complex amplitude distribution can obtain an amplitude-type or phase-type hologram through an appropriate encoding method.
The diffraction model and the encoding method are collectively called a computational hologram algorithm, and the flow is shown in fig. 5, wherein the acquisition of the holographic depth is performed by the acquisition device 500.
Compared with the traditional projection technology, the projection technology based on the calculation hologram comprises the amplitude and the phase of the target three-dimensional image, can accurately reproduce the depth information of the three-dimensional image, can realize the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern, and is considered as a future-oriented display technology.
According to the embodiment of the application, an angular spectrum propagation model can be selected as a diffraction model for calculating the complex amplitude distribution of the holographic plane, and Bosch coding can be selected as a coding method for obtaining the amplitude type hologram.
The angular spectrum propagation model can describe near light wave propagation, the object plane sampling interval is irrelevant to propagation distance, complex amplitude distribution can be obtained through two times of Fourier transformation, and a reconstruction result can show a remarkable three-dimensional effect, so that the angular spectrum propagation model is a wave front propagation model with high calculation speed, high reconstruction precision and low algorithm complexity; the Boqi coding is a holographic coding method based on off-axis holography, and has the characteristics of low coding complexity, small calculated amount and high pixel utilization rate.
Besides the angular spectrum propagation model, a Fresnel diffraction model, a Fraunhofer diffraction model and a Fourier transform model can be used for calculating complex amplitude distribution on a holographic plane; single sideband encoding, li Hanwei encoding, bi-phase encoding, and phase-only encoding can all be used to obtain different types of computational holograms. In practical use, the diffraction model and the encoding method can be reasonably selected by the skilled person according to the requirements on the projection distance and the display quality, and the method is not particularly limited.
The acquisition device 500 includes a camera 501 and an adjustment assembly 502.
The process of three-dimensional imaging and recovery is described below by taking a point of a fingertip as an example:
the light rays at the finger tip positions in different directions at 063 are imaged after passing through the tiny lenses at different positions at 064 and are recorded by pixels at different positions at 065. Thus, the line connecting a pixel in 065 with a corresponding microlens in 064 may represent the light of the finger tip position in a particular direction.
All pixels representing the finger tip position and corresponding micro lenses are traversed to obtain all light rays in different directions.
The intersection point of different light rays is the three-dimensional coordinate of the finger tip in the imaging space.
Through the object-image correspondence, the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the fingertip in 061 in the real world can be obtained through 063 solving.
In the conventional man-machine interaction system, when a user inputs information, the finger tip should contact the keyboard, so that the three-dimensional space coordinates of the finger tip of the user can also represent the distance and the height of the picture to be projected. The above distance and height parameters will be used as input parameters for the calculation of the holographic algorithm.
The adjustment assembly 502, as one possible implementation, the adjustment assembly 502 of the present embodiments may be an electronically controlled rotating mount that functions to change the angle of the planar mirror.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that there are differences in factors such as height, usage habits, etc. of different users, and that the three-dimensional space coordinates of the finger tips are not the same. According to the position of the finger tip, the axial distance of the picture to be projected can be changed in the calculation process of the hologram; but is limited by the modulation performance of the spatial light modulator 400, when the position of the finger tip in the vertical plane deviates too much from the horizontal exit window, the screen to be projected cannot be projected to the desired height simply by means of the spatial light modulator 400. According to the embodiment of the application, the angle of the plane reflecting mirror can be changed through the adjusting component 502, the emergent direction of the holographic reconstruction light wave can be changed, and the picture to be projected can reach an ideal position.
The plane mirror 600, the role of the plane mirror 600 is to turn the light path, in this embodiment, the holographic reconstruction light wave modulated by the spatial light modulator 400 is emitted vertically upwards, and becomes horizontal after being turned by the plane mirror 600, so that the holographic reconstruction light wave is just flush with the sight line of the user, and is convenient for the user to operate and use.
It should be noted that the system structure in fig. 2 is only a typical design example of the embodiment of the present application, and the outgoing directions of the holographic projection results may be different according to the usage scenarios, and the directions of the plane mirrors may also be changed accordingly.
The driving circuit 700, it can be understood that the driving circuit 700 is used for reading signals input by components in the system and controlling the working states of the components in the system.
The actual operation steps of the driving circuit 700 are as follows:
firstly, information acquired by the camera 501 in the acquisition device 500 can be transmitted to the driving circuit 700 through a cable, and three-dimensional space coordinates of a user's finger tip are obtained after the information is processed by the driving circuit 700;
second, according to the input parameters, the driving circuit 700 may calculate a calculation hologram to obtain a picture to be projected, and transmit the calculation hologram to the spatial light modulator 400 through a cable;
thirdly, according to the actual use situation, the driving circuit 700 can change the power of the light source 100, so as to change the brightness of the picture to be projected;
fourth, according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the finger tip, the driving circuit 700 can control the adjusting component 502 to drive the plane mirror 600 to deflect, so as to project the image to be projected to an ideal height;
fifth, when the coordinates of the finger tip collected by the camera 501 are consistent with the coordinates of the keyboard, the corresponding key that the finger needs to click is identified.
The housing 800, which may be the outer shell of the device 10, serves to secure and protect the internal components.
The power supply 900, the power module, functions to power the various electronic control components in the device 10.
A specific embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to a complete duty cycle.
Firstly, the camera 501 collects a light field three-dimensional image of a finger of a user, transmits the light field three-dimensional image to the driving circuit 700 through a cable for data processing, obtains a space three-dimensional coordinate of the finger tip of the user in the real world according to a ray tracing method and an object image corresponding relation, takes the real space three-dimensional coordinate of the finger tip as a projection position of a picture to be projected, and uses space coordinate parameters to realize calculation of a hologram.
Next, the driving circuit 700 obtains a complex amplitude distribution on the hologram plane using the angular spectrum propagation model as a diffraction model, using the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the finger tip as a hologram calculation parameter, and encodes the complex amplitude distribution into an amplitude-type calculation hologram using bosch encoding. The amplitude-type calculation hologram is transmitted through a cable and loaded to the spatial light modulator 400.
Again, the driving circuit 700 sequentially changes the power of the light source 100 and the deflection state of the adjustment assembly 502 according to the real-space three-dimensional coordinates and the actual use requirements. The light wave emitted by the light source 100 irradiates the spatial light modulator 400 after being filtered, collimated and changed in polarization state, and is modulated by the amplitude-type calculation hologram loaded on the spatial light modulator 400, thereby obtaining a holographic reconstruction light wave. The adjusting component 502 drives the plane mirror 600 to deflect, and the holographic reconstruction light wave reaches the fingertip area after being reflected by the plane mirror 600, and reconstructs a picture to be projected in the target area.
Finally, the user virtually touches the picture to be projected, and the camera 501 acquires the light field three-dimensional image of the finger of the user again and transmits the light field three-dimensional image to the driving circuit 700 through the cable for data processing. The driving circuit 700 judges the specific position of the finger, and executes specific operation by combining the specific content of the picture to be projected, so as to realize man-machine non-contact interaction.
Taking a virtual password keyboard as an example, a human-computer interaction process in a complete working period in the embodiment of the application is described below:
first, the camera 501 collects and calculates the spatial three-dimensional coordinates of the user's finger.
Next, the driving circuit 700 calculates an amplitude hologram of the code keyboard using the above-described spatial three-dimensional coordinates as parameters.
Again, the driving circuit 700 projects the holographic reconstruction result of the keypad to the finger tip position by photo-electro-mechanical control.
Finally, the user virtually touches the number "1" key of the keypad, and the operation is collected again by the camera 501, and the driving circuit 700 completes the input of the number "1" after data processing.
According to the non-contact interaction equipment based on the calculation hologram, which is provided by the embodiment of the application, the hologram obtained by a calculation hologram algorithm can be loaded, the complex amplitude distribution of the transmitted plane wave is modulated by the hologram, a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result is obtained, and then an interaction instruction is generated, so that the three-dimensional suspension projection of any pattern at any space position is realized, a screen or medium is not required to be accepted, special equipment such as a helmet is not required to be worn, and the non-contact interaction of fingers and the three-dimensional suspension projection is realized. Therefore, the technical problems that the screen or medium is still required to be supported in the related technology, the requirement of displaying projection at any position in space cannot be met, the user is required to wear corresponding special equipment, and the cost is high are solved.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or N embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly defined otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order from that shown or discussed, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or N wires, a portable computer cartridge (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It is to be understood that portions of the present application may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the N steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. As with the other embodiments, if implemented in hardware, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like. Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.
Claims (7)
1. A computer-generated hologram-based contactless interaction device, comprising:
a light source;
the spatial filter is used for carrying out filtering treatment on the light beams emitted by the light source to generate a point light source;
a generator for generating polarized plane waves based on the point light sources;
the spatial light modulator is used for loading a hologram obtained by a calculation holographic algorithm, modulating complex amplitude distribution of a transmission plane wave obtained by the polarized plane wave by utilizing the hologram, and obtaining a preset three-dimensional suspension projection result; and
the acquisition device is used for acquiring interaction actions of a user on the three-dimensional suspension projection result and generating an interaction instruction;
the acquisition device comprises:
the camera is used for collecting the actual distance and the actual height of the finger of the user relative to the three-dimensional suspension projection result;
The driving circuit is used for processing information acquired by the camera to obtain three-dimensional space coordinates of a user's finger tip, calculating to obtain a calculation hologram of a picture to be projected according to input parameters, transmitting the calculation hologram to the spatial light modulator through a cable, changing the power of a light source according to actual use conditions, further changing the brightness of the picture to be projected, controlling the adjusting component to drive the plane mirror to deflect according to the three-dimensional space coordinates of the user's finger tip, projecting the picture to be projected to an ideal height, and identifying a corresponding key to be clicked by the user's finger when the three-dimensional space coordinates of the user's finger tip acquired by the camera are consistent with the keyboard coordinates;
the driving circuit is used for calculating complex amplitude distribution of the three-dimensional target object on the holographic plane through a preset diffraction model, and obtaining the amplitude type or phase type hologram through a preset encoding method according to the complex amplitude distribution.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the spatial filter comprises:
the objective lens is used for converging the light beams of the light source to generate light spots;
and the clear aperture is used for filtering stray light and obtaining a point light source meeting preset conditions, wherein the center of the clear aperture and the center of the light spot are mutually overlapped.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the generator comprises:
the convex lens is used for converging divergent spherical waves generated by the point light source to obtain collimated plane waves;
the polaroid is used for changing the polarization state of the collimation plane wave and generating the polarization plane wave;
the spatial light modulator is a transmissive liquid crystal device, a reflective digital micro-mirror device, or a liquid crystal on silicon device.
4. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
and the plane reflecting mirror is used for turning the holographic reconstruction light wave of the three-dimensional suspension projection result emitted vertically upwards into horizontal emission.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adjustment assembly is configured to change an angle of the plane mirror according to the identity of the user to enable the projected image to reach a desired position corresponding to the user.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drive circuit is configured to read input signals from one or more components, recognize an interaction instruction based on the interaction, and control an operating state of the one or more components according to the interaction instruction.
7. The apparatus as recited in claim 1, further comprising:
a housing;
and the power supply module is used for providing power supply.
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| US6211848B1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 2001-04-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Dynamic holographic video with haptic interaction |
| CN101561746B (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2010-12-29 | 上海大学 | Holographic photoelectric representation virtual image real-time interactive display unit |
| JP5787210B2 (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2015-09-30 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Projection device |
| CN205787618U (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-12-07 | 苏州大学 | A kind of based on time-multiplexed color hologram three-dimensional display apparatus |
| WO2019040484A1 (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | Pcms Holdings, Inc. | Light field image engine method and apparatus for generating projected 3d light fields |
| WO2020036948A1 (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2020-02-20 | Starport Inc. | Holographic projection system |
| CN213517870U (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-06-22 | 南京芯视元电子有限公司 | Holographic projection interaction equipment |
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