CN114879227A - Satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method - Google Patents

Satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method Download PDF

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CN114879227A
CN114879227A CN202210481691.6A CN202210481691A CN114879227A CN 114879227 A CN114879227 A CN 114879227A CN 202210481691 A CN202210481691 A CN 202210481691A CN 114879227 A CN114879227 A CN 114879227A
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energy difference
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CN114879227B (en
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江会娟
章劲松
孙晨华
刘钊
蒋洪磊
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CETC 54 Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/13—Receivers
    • G01S19/23—Testing, monitoring, correcting or calibrating of receiver elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
    • H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay

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Abstract

The invention relates to a satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method. Aiming at the problem of measurement accuracy in the pointing calibration of the satellite multi-beam antenna, the invention provides an enhanced normalized energy difference value direction finding method for low measurement error by processing a three-dimensional directional diagram of a calibration beam of the multi-beam antenna based on the basic principle of the normalized energy difference value direction finding method, and further improves the conversion accuracy from the normalized energy difference value to the angle deviation by a cross interpolation method. The invention uses the cross interpolation algorithm to realize the high-precision measurement of the satellite multi-beam antenna pointing direction, can effectively reduce the conversion error of the normalized energy difference value and the angle in the measurement of the antenna pointing deviation, and is the key for realizing the high-precision measurement of the satellite multi-beam antenna pointing direction.

Description

Satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of satellite communication, and particularly relates to a satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method based on a cross interpolation algorithm.
Background
The multi-beam antenna technology has been applied to most satellite communication systems at home and abroad to improve the system capacity. However, due to the influence of factors such as the traction of the sun and the moon, the unevenness of the gravitational field of the earth, the solar radiation pressure, and the like, the beam pointing deviation error is large. Beam calibration needs to be used to further improve the pointing accuracy of the beam. The beam calibration system can transmit multi-beam calibration signals by a gateway station or a satellite, a beam calibration receiving station is arranged on the ground, the receiving station judges the energy of different beam calibration signals, and the antenna pointing error is obtained by a measurement method for obtaining a normalized energy difference value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method based on a cross interpolation algorithm aiming at the measurement precision problem of measurement and calibration of pointing deviation of a satellite multi-beam antenna, which can realize conversion from a normalized energy difference value to an angle deviation in satellite multi-beam antenna pointing deviation measurement and is a key for realizing satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method comprises the following steps:
(1) the satellite forms and transmits east, west, south and north calibration beams for measuring the directional deviation of the multi-beam antenna through the on-satellite load;
(2) the ground station obtains two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction by processing a three-dimensional directional diagram of the multi-beam antenna based on an energy difference direction-finding method;
(3) the ground station receives a group of calibration wave beams sent by the satellite, processes the calibration wave beams to obtain measurement data of east, west, south and north calibration signal powers at the same moment, and respectively calculates normalized energy difference values of east-west wave beam pairs and south-north wave beam pairs according to the measurement data;
(4) determining the pointing deviation of the satellite multi-beam antenna according to the normalized energy difference values of the two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction and the normalized energy difference values of the east-west beam pair and the south-north beam pair;
(5) the conversion accuracy of the energy difference value to the angle deviation is improved through a cross interpolation method.
Further, the specific mode of the step (2) is as follows:
(2-1) decomposing the directional deviation theta of the satellite multi-beam antenna into X and Y angular planes to form theta x And theta y ，θ x Corresponding to satellite pitch angle deviation, theta y Roll angle deviation corresponding to the satellite;
(2-2) in the east-west direction, f 1 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 2 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of east and west beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure BDA0003628118140000021
in the north-south direction, f 3 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 4 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of the north and south beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure BDA0003628118140000022
F(θ x (θ y ) And F (θ) y (θ x ) Two sets of S-shaped surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, wherein each S-shaped surface comprises n sets of S-shaped curves.
Further, the specific mode of the step (4) is as follows:
according to the normalized energy difference value of the east-west wave beam pair, a group of pitch angles theta are obtained on the S curved surface in the east-west direction through interpolation calculation x Measured value of (theta) x1 、θ x2 ...........θ xn N is the number of S curves in the S curved surface;
according to the normalized energy difference value of the north-south beam pair, the S curved surface in the north-south direction is processed by interpolationCalculating a set of roll angles theta y Measured value of (theta) y1 、θ y2 ...........θ yn ；
Because the two groups of S curved surfaces are the same coordinate system, the intersection point of the rolling angle measured value and the pitch angle measured value is the correct measured value of the pitch angle and the rolling angle of the satellite multi-beam pointing deviation.
Further, the correct measurement values of the pitch angle and the roll angle obtained in step (4) are discrete data, and for this purpose, the coordinates of the intersection point are interpolated in step (5), specifically:
let four values nearest to the intersection point be p respectively 0 (x 0 ，y 0 )、p 1 (x 1 ，y 1 )、p 2 (x 2 ，y 2 )、p 3 (x 3 ，y 3 ) The straight line determined by P0 and P1 is:
a 0 x+b 0 y+c 0 ＝0
wherein, a 0 ＝y 0 -y 1 ，b 0 ＝x 1 -x 0 ，c 0 ＝x 0 y 1 -x 1 y 0 ；
The straight lines determined by P2 and P3 are:
a 1 x+b 1 y+c 1 ＝0
wherein, a 1 ＝y 2 -y 3 ，b 1 ＝x 3 -x 2 ，c 1 ＝x 2 y 3 -x 3 y 2 ；
The coordinate P (x, y) of the intersection point of the two straight lines is theta x And theta y The measured value of (2):
Figure BDA0003628118140000041
Figure BDA0003628118140000042
therefore, the normalized energy difference value is improved to the conversion precision of the angle deviation, and a more accurate measurement value is obtained.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention obtains two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction by processing the three-dimensional directional diagrams of the east-west, south-north and four calibration beams, and establishes the functional relation between the normalized energy difference value and the angle deviation.
2. The conversion precision from the normalized energy difference value to the angle deviation can be further improved through the interpolation calculation of the intersection points, and a more accurate measured value can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of satellite multi-beam antenna pointing bias measurement.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an S-shaped surface in the east-west direction in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of S-shaped surfaces in the north-south direction according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the intersection of roll angle measurements and pitch angle measurements in an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the coordinate interpolation of the intersection point in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method comprises the following steps:
(1) as shown in fig. 1, the satellite forms and transmits east, west, south and north calibration beams for the multi-beam antenna pointing deviation measurement through the on-satellite load;
(2) the ground station obtains two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction by processing a three-dimensional directional diagram of the multi-beam antenna based on the basic principle of the energy difference direction-finding method.
The specific steps of the step (2) are as follows:
(2-1) as shown in FIG. 1, decomposing the satellite multi-beam antenna pointing deviation angle theta into two angular planes of X and Y to form theta x And theta y ，θ x Corresponding to satellite pitch angle deviation, theta y Corresponding to the roll angle deviation of the satellite.
(2-2) in the east-west direction, f 1 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 2 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of east and west beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure BDA0003628118140000051
as shown in fig. 2, by processing the stereo pattern data of the east beam and the west beam, a set of S-curved surfaces F (θ) in the east-west direction is obtained x (θ y ) N groups of S curves, wherein the X axis is rolling angle deviation, the Y axis is pitching angle deviation, and the Z axis is normalized energy difference.
In the north-south direction, f 3 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 4 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of the north and south beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure BDA0003628118140000052
as shown in fig. 3, by processing the stereo pattern data of the north beam and the south beam, a set of S-curved surfaces F (θ) in the north-south direction is obtained y (θ x ) N groups of S curves, wherein the X axis is rolling angle deviation, the Y axis is pitching angle deviation, and the Z axis is normalized energy difference.
(3) The ground station receives a group of calibration wave beams sent by the satellite and processes the calibration wave beams to obtain measurement data of east, west, south and north calibration signal powers at the same time; respectively calculating the normalized energy difference value of the east-west wave beam pair and the south-north wave beam pair according to the measurement data;
(4) determining the pointing deviation of the satellite multi-beam antenna according to the normalized energy difference values of the two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction and the normalized energy difference values of the east-west beam pair and the south-north beam pair; the concrete mode is as follows:
normalization according to east-west beam pairsThe energy difference is converted, and a group of pitch angles theta are obtained on the S curved surface in the east-west direction through interpolation calculation x Measured value of (a) (-) x1 、θ x2 ...........θ xn (n is the numerical value of the S curve in the S curved surface);
according to the normalized energy difference value of the north-south beam pair, a group of roll angles theta are obtained on the S curved surface in the north-south direction through interpolation calculation y Measured value of (theta) y1 、θ y2 ..........θ yn 。
As shown in fig. 4, since the two sets of S-shaped surfaces are in the same coordinate system, the intersection point of the roll angle measurement value and the pitch angle measurement value is the correct measurement value θ of the pitch angle and the roll angle of the satellite multibeam pointing deviation x And theta y 。
(5) The conversion precision of the normalized energy difference value to the angle deviation is further improved through a cross interpolation method.
As shown in fig. 5, since the roll angle measurement and the pitch angle measurement are discrete data, interpolation calculation of coordinates of the intersection point is required. Specifically, let p be the four values nearest to the intersection point 0 (x 0 ，y 0 )、p 1 (x 1 ，y 1 )、p 2 (x 2 ，y 2 )、p 3 (x 3 ，y 3 ). Straight line determined by P0, P1:
a 0 x+b 0 y+c 0 ＝0
wherein, a 0 ＝y 0 -y 1 ，b 0 ＝x 1 -x 0 ，c 0 ＝x 0 y 1 -x 1 y 0 。
Straight line determined by P2, P3:
a 1 x+b 1 y+c 1 ＝0
wherein, a 1 ＝y 2 -y 3 ，b 1 ＝x 3 -x 2 ，c 1 ＝x 2 y 3 -x 3 y 2 。
The coordinate P (x, y) of the intersection point of the two straight lines is theta x And theta y The measured value of (2):
Figure BDA0003628118140000071
Figure BDA0003628118140000072
the conversion precision from the normalized energy difference value to the angle deviation can be further improved through cross interpolation calculation, and a more accurate measurement value can be obtained.
In summary, the invention provides an enhanced normalized energy difference direction finding method for low measurement error by processing a stereo directional diagram of a calibration beam of a multi-beam antenna based on the basic principle of a normalized energy difference direction finding method aiming at the problem of measurement accuracy in the direction calibration of a satellite multi-beam antenna, and further improves the conversion accuracy from the normalized energy difference to the angle deviation by a cross interpolation method. The invention uses the cross interpolation algorithm to realize the high-precision measurement of the satellite multi-beam antenna pointing direction, can effectively reduce the conversion error of the normalized energy difference value and the angle in the measurement of the antenna pointing deviation, and reduces the conversion error from 0.05 degrees to below 0.005 degrees.

Claims (4)

1. A satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the satellite forms and transmits east, west, south and north calibration beams for measuring the directional deviation of the multi-beam antenna through the on-satellite load;
(2) the ground station obtains two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction by processing a three-dimensional directional diagram of the multi-beam antenna based on an energy difference direction-finding method;
(3) the ground station receives a group of calibration wave beams sent by the satellite, processes the calibration wave beams to obtain measurement data of east, west, south and north calibration signal powers at the same moment, and respectively calculates normalized energy difference values of east-west wave beam pairs and south-north wave beam pairs according to the measurement data;
(4) determining the pointing deviation of the satellite multi-beam antenna according to the normalized energy difference values of the two groups of S curved surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction and the normalized energy difference values of the east-west beam pair and the south-north beam pair;
(5) the conversion accuracy of the energy difference value to the angle deviation is improved through a cross interpolation method.
2. The satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific manner of step (2) is as follows:
(2-1) decomposing the directional deviation theta of the satellite multi-beam antenna into X and Y angular planes to form theta x And theta y ，θ x Corresponding to satellite pitch angle deviation, theta y Roll angle deviation corresponding to the satellite;
(2-2) in the east-west direction, f 1 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 2 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of east and west beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure FDA0003628118130000011
in the north-south direction, f 3 (θ x ，θ y ) And f 4 (θ x ，θ y ) For the stereo pattern of the north and south beams, the functional relationship between the normalized energy difference and the angular deviation is:
Figure FDA0003628118130000021
F(θ x (θ y ) And F (θ) y (θ x ) Two sets of S-shaped surfaces in the east-west direction and the south-north direction, wherein each S-shaped surface comprises n sets of S-shaped curves.
3. The satellite multi-beam antenna pointing high-precision measurement method according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific manner of step (4) is as follows:
according to the normalized energy difference value of the east-west wave beam pair, a group of pitch angles theta are obtained on the S curved surface in the east-west direction through interpolation calculation x Measured value of (theta) x1 、θ x2 ...........θ xn N is the number of S curves in the S curved surface;
according to the normalized energy difference value of the north-south beam pair, a group of roll angles theta are obtained on the S curved surface in the north-south direction through interpolation calculation y Measured value of (theta) y1 、θ y2 ...........θ yn ；
Because the two groups of S curved surfaces are the same coordinate system, the intersection point of the rolling angle measured value and the pitch angle measured value is the correct measured value of the pitch angle and the rolling angle of the satellite multi-beam pointing deviation.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the correct measurement values of pitch angle and roll angle obtained in step (4) are discrete data, and for this purpose, the coordinates of the intersection point are interpolated in step (5) by:
let four values nearest to the intersection point be p respectively 0 (x 0 ，y 0 )、p 1 (x 1 ，y 1 )、p 2 (x 2 ，y 2 )、p 3 (x 3 ，y 3 ) The straight line determined by P0 and P1 is:
a 0 x+b 0 y+c 0 ＝0
wherein, a 0 ＝y 0 -y 1 ，b 0 ＝x 1 -x 0 ，c 0 ＝x 0 y 1 -x 1 y 0 ；
The straight lines determined by P2 and P3 are:
a 1 x+b 1 y+c 1 ＝0
wherein, a 1 ＝y 2 -y 3 ，b 1 ＝x 3 -x 2 ，c 1 ＝x 2 y 3 -x 3 y 2 ；
Coordinates P (x, y) of intersection of two straight lines) Is theta x And theta y The measured value of (2):
Figure FDA0003628118130000031
Figure FDA0003628118130000032
therefore, the normalized energy difference value is improved to the conversion precision of the angle deviation, and a more accurate measurement value is obtained.
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US20030222816A1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-04 The Boeing Company Satellite methods and structures for improved antenna pointing and wide field-of-view attitude acquisition
CN112193439A (en) * 2020-10-08 2021-01-08 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 Satellite-ground integrated high-precision satellite multi-beam calibration method
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6150977A (en) * 1998-10-30 2000-11-21 Trw Inc. Method for enhancing the performance of a satellite communications system using multibeam antennas
US20030222816A1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-04 The Boeing Company Satellite methods and structures for improved antenna pointing and wide field-of-view attitude acquisition
CN112193439A (en) * 2020-10-08 2021-01-08 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 Satellite-ground integrated high-precision satellite multi-beam calibration method
CN114430294A (en) * 2021-12-16 2022-05-03 北京邮电大学 Method and device for calibrating ground beams of GEO satellite, electronic equipment and storage medium

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