CN114878608A - Method for representing gas occurrence space of shale gas reservoir - Google Patents
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- CN114878608A CN114878608A CN202210545394.3A CN202210545394A CN114878608A CN 114878608 A CN114878608 A CN 114878608A CN 202210545394 A CN202210545394 A CN 202210545394A CN 114878608 A CN114878608 A CN 114878608A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for representing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir, and relates to the field of unconventional natural gas; the method comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a shale sample; s2, placing the shale sample into a scattering bin to perform a first small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a first two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample; s3, injecting the deuterated mixed gas into the scattering bin to a target pressure, and then performing a second small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a second two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample; s4, respectively obtaining first pore structure information and second pore structure information before and after the shale sample is injected with the deuterated mixed gas according to the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern; s5, characterizing a gas occurrence space of the shale sample according to the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information; the method can more comprehensively represent the gas occurrence space of the shale gas reservoir and improve the accuracy of natural gas production potential prediction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of unconventional natural gas, in particular to a method for representing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir.
Background
With the development of advanced horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, abundant shale gas resources are effectively developed. Even though other energy sources, such as wind, solar or geothermal energy, contribute increasingly to the energy combination, natural gas from unconventional reservoirs will undoubtedly be an important energy source. However, unconventional natural gas development does not meet technical difficulties, and low recovery is currently one of its major problems, with most of the natural gas still being stranded in the reservoir. It is imperative to increase the recovery of unconventional natural gas. At present, the research at home and abroad discovers that the accessibility of the pore space in unconventional reservoirs (coal and shale) is an important factor influencing the methane storage capacity and the methane desorption capacity, and the quantification of the open (accessible) and closed (inaccessible) porosity is very important for predicting the natural gas production potential. The open pores form the transport paths for gases, which are responsible for the fluid flow in the rock matrix. Therefore, shale pore accessibility is critical to shale hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation and development, but accurate measurement of gas presence space in the pores and analysis of control factors are challenging due to the extremely low permeability and complexity of the shale pore system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for representing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir, which can quantitatively represent the gas occurrence space in the shale reservoir.
The invention provides a method for representing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a shale sample;
s2, putting the shale sample into a scattering bin to perform a first small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a first two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
s3, injecting a deuterated mixed gas into the scattering bin to a target pressure, and then performing a second small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a second two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
s4, respectively obtaining first pore structure information and second pore structure information before and after the shale sample is injected into the deuterated mixed gas according to the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern;
s5, characterizing a gas existence space of the shale sample according to the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information.
Further, in step S1, the shale sample is sheet-shaped and has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.
Further, in step S1, the method further includes preprocessing the shale sample; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: and drying the shale sample at the temperature of 45-65 ℃ to constant weight.
Further, in step S2, before the first small-angle neutron scattering experiment is performed, the scattering bin is vacuumized, so that the shale sample is in a vacuum environment.
Further, in step S3, the deuterated mixed gas is a mixture of methane and deuterated methane, and the SLD value of the deuterated mixed gas is equal to the SLD value of the shale sample.
Further, in step S3, the second small-angle neutron scattering experiment is performed after maintaining the target pressure for 15-30 min.
Further, in step S4, the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information are obtained by the following method:
respectively guiding the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern into fit 2D for one-dimensional processing to obtain a first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and a second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve, and respectively carrying out background subtraction and normalization processing on the first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve;
model fitting is carried out on the processed first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the processed second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve by adopting an IRENA plug-in Igor Pro software, and the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information are obtained through calculation respectively.
Further, the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information include porosity, pore size distribution, and pore density, respectively.
Further, the characterizing dimensions of the gas presence space include porosity, porosity fraction, pore density, and pore size distribution of the gas presence space.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for representing the shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space in the embodiment of the invention fully utilizes the characteristic that the small-angle neutron scattering technology is harmless to the shale sample, can detect the internal pore structure of the shale sample on a nanometer scale, and obtains the porosity, the porosity ratio, the pore density and the pore size distribution of the shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space by comparing the information of the pore structure of the small-angle neutron scattering experiment before and after the same shale sample is filled with the deuterated mixed gas based on the same experiment principle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for characterizing a gas bearing space of a shale gas reservoir in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a shale sample preparation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing pore volume distribution versus pore diameter curves for small angle neutron scattering experiments for shale samples W201-31 in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing pore volume distribution versus pore diameter curves for a small-angle neutron scattering experiment on shale samples W201-8 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a plot of methane-abundance ratio-scattering vector of shale samples W201-31 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plot of methane space occupancy versus scattering vector for shale samples W201-8 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
The method for representing the gas occurrence space of the shale gas reservoir is implemented based on the following principles:
when shale acts as a near two-phase system (pore space and solid matrix), neutrons are elastically scattered due to the difference in Scattering Length Density (SLD) between the two phases. The SLD of each component in shale depends on its chemical composition and density, reflecting the scattering power per unit volume of each component, and is expressed as:
NA＝6.022×10 23 is the Afugardro constant, d is the shale component density (g/cm) 3 ) M is the molecular mass (g/mol), pj is the proportion of the number of molecules in the j phase in the compound, sj is the abundance of the nucleus i in the j phase, and bi is the coherent scattering amplitude of the nucleus i.
Shale porosity when shale is approximated as a two-phase system
The relationship with the scattering intensity i (Q) and the scattering vector Q can be expressed as:
ρ 1 SLD, rho, as a solid matrix of shale 2 SLD (typically 0) of shale pore space.
When fluid is injected into the pore space, the small-angle neutron scattering technology can characterize the fluid distribution in the pore; based on the sensitivity of neutrons to isotopic species, deuterated methanes can be used to characterize the accessibility of shales; when the SLD of deuterated methane is similar to that of shale solid matrix, the scattering signal mainly comes from the pore space which is not filled by fluid, and methane is the main component of shale gasThe gas experiment is used to match the in-situ environment with a sample; the occurrence space proportion (F) of methane in shale can be calculated through a small-angle neutron scattering experiment in a high-pressure deuterated methane environment ap ) Relationship with pore diameter (2R)/scattering vector (Q):
wherein, I (Q) i Dry) and I (Q) i CM) represents the scattering intensity of the corresponding scattering vector of the sample in the vacuum environment and the sample in the high-pressure environment before and after the deuterated methane injection, respectively.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for characterizing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir, including the following steps:
s1, preparing a shale sample;
in step S1, the shale sample is flaky and has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm; further comprising pretreating the shale sample; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: drying the shale sample at 45-65 ℃ to constant weight;
specifically, in this embodiment, the shale is first processed into 1cm by a cutting machine 3 Taking a square slice with the thickness of 0.5mm from the upper part of the sample parallel to the bedding direction, and carrying out vacuum drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ until the mass of the shale sample does not change any more; the shale sample is pretreated, so that occurrence water in the shale sample can be effectively removed, and the condition that the representation of the shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space is not accurate enough due to the occurrence of the occurrence water is avoided.
S2, putting the shale sample into a scattering bin to perform a first small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a first two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
in step S2, before the first small-angle neutron scattering experiment is performed, the scattering bin is vacuumized, so that the shale sample is in a vacuum environment, and the influence on the characterization result of the shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space due to the presence of air is avoided;
in this embodiment, before formally starting a small-angle neutron experiment, a worker is required to perform a series of configurations on an experimental instrument, including detector efficiency correction, wavelength correction, background correction, transmittance measurement, and the like; then loading the dried shale sample into a high-pressure neutron scattering cabin, under the condition of no injection of deuterated methane gas, closing a scattering cabin isolation valve after the whole sample environment is in a vacuum state through a vacuum pump, obtaining pore structure information of the shale sample in the vacuum state through small-angle neutron scattering, and scattering signals to all pore spaces in a measurement range in the sample; the neutron wavelength used in the experiment is lambda
The distances from the shale sample to the detector are set to be 20 meters and 4 meters respectively, so that the scattering vector Q can be obtained in the range of
For elastic scattering processes, the scattering vector Q and the wave vector 2 π λ -1 The relationship of (c) can be expressed as:
Q＝4πλ -1 sin(θ) (4)
meanwhile, parameters of the shale sample, including sample thickness, test time, dark current intensity and the like, need to be recorded in the test process, and are used for subsequent experimental data processing, and a first two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample is obtained after the experiment is finished.
S3, injecting a deuterated mixed gas into the scattering bin to a target pressure, and then performing a second small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a second two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
in step S3, the deuterated mixed gas is a mixture of methane and deuterated methane, and the SLD value of the deuterated mixed gas is equal to the SLD value of the shale sample, and the deuterated mixed gas enters a supercharger, and the temperature of the supercharger is reduced by a liquid nitrogen cooling device, so that the deuterated mixed gas is liquefied and stored in the supercharger to meet the dosage of the experiment; after the pressure in the scattering bin reaches the target pressure, maintaining the target pressure for 15-30 min, and then performing the second small-angle neutron scattering experiment;
exemplarily, in the present embodiment, the second small-angle neutron scattering experiment is performed after maintaining the target pressure for 20 min.
S4, respectively obtaining first pore structure information and second pore structure information before and after the shale sample is injected into the deuterated mixed gas according to the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern;
in step S4, the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information are acquired as follows:
respectively guiding the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern into fit 2D for one-dimensional processing to obtain a first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and a second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve, and respectively carrying out background subtraction and normalization processing on the first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve according to experimental environment data;
performing model fitting on the processed first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve by adopting an IRENA plug in Igor Pro software, and respectively calculating to obtain the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information;
wherein the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information include porosity, pore size distribution, and pore density, respectively.
S5, characterizing a gas existence space of the shale sample according to the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information.
In this embodiment, the characterizing dimensions of the gas presence space include porosity, porosity fraction, pore density, and pore size distribution of the gas presence space.
In the embodiment, two shale samples with different physical property parameters are set for characterization experiments, wherein the shale samples are respectively named as W201-31 and W201-8; wherein, the W201-31 sample is a sample with low organic content, the W201-8 sample is a sample with high organic content, and the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows the pore structure information of two shale samples after the experiment
As can be seen from Table 1: the two types of samples have obvious difference in methane occurrence space, and the methane occurrence space ratio of the two samples is 53.08% and 64.29%; meanwhile, the closed pore density of the two shale samples is far greater than the open pore density, and the methane occurrence space occupation ratio of the two shale samples is not large, which shows that the closed pores are more in number but concentrated in the range of small pore diameter; the pore size distribution plots (fig. 3 and 4) for the two shale samples also show the same results, the curves showing the presence of a large number of closed pores in the interval of pore diameter less than 20nm (mainly consisting of pores within the organic mass), mainly due to the lack of effective throats connecting this part of the pore network, which directly affects the space in the sample pores where methane can be found; therefore, in this embodiment methane gas is mainly present in the pore spaces with a diameter larger than 20 nm.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the ratio of the methane-forming space is relatively stable before being affected by the space effect of the nanopore confinement, and when the pore size decreases as methane enters, the space effect of the nanopore confinement is obviously enhanced, and the ratio of the methane-forming space (F) in the shale is increased ap ) The pore diameter is reduced and even negative, which is caused by the increase of gas density due to the space effect of the limiting domain of the nano-pores; and F ap The continued decrease in value also reflects the methane entering the smaller pore size pores resulting in an increase in methane density in the confined space; the pore pressure injected in this example was 56.4MPa (corresponding to a density of 0.34g/cm for deuterated methane) 3 ) When the density of deuterated methane exceeds the critical point, F ap At a value of 0, the deuterated methane has a density of 0.68g/cm 3 And the density of the methane gas is further increased along with the reduction of the pore diameter; high pressure methane environment and nano-scale confinement in some high pressure deep shale gas reservoirsThe pore space effect will cause the density of the gas to increase and thus be greater than the density of methane in the gas phase under the same pressure condition in an ideal state; thus, this micro-mechanism also explains the phenomenon that the volume of methane produced in some abnormally high pressure shale gas reservoirs is much greater than the pore volume of the shale itself; through researching the influence of the nano-pore confinement space effect on the methane occurrence space, the shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space can be more comprehensively represented, and the natural gas production potential can be accurately predicted.
The method for characterizing the gas occurrence space of the shale gas reservoir in the embodiment can also be used for quantitative evaluation of the storage condition of a shale reservoir pore network, the reservoir development potential and the like; meanwhile, the method can be used for evaluating the pore structure of other pore media besides shale.
The above is not relevant and is applicable to the prior art.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. A method for characterizing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing a shale sample;
s2, putting the shale sample into a scattering bin to perform a first small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a first two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
s3, injecting a deuterated mixed gas into the scattering bin to a target pressure, and then performing a second small-angle neutron scattering experiment to obtain a second two-dimensional scattering pattern of the shale sample;
s4, respectively obtaining first pore structure information and second pore structure information before and after the shale sample is injected into the deuterated mixed gas according to the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern;
s5, characterizing a gas existence space of the shale sample according to the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information.
2. The method for characterizing the gas existence space of the shale gas reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the shale sample is in a sheet shape and has a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm.
3. The method for characterizing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S1 further comprises pre-processing the shale sample; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: and drying the shale sample at the temperature of 45-65 ℃ to constant weight.
4. The method for characterizing a shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, before the first small angle neutron scattering experiment, the scattering bin is vacuumized so that the shale sample is in a vacuum environment.
5. The method for characterizing shale gas reservoir gas occurrence space of claim 1, wherein in step S3, the deuterated gas mixture is a mixture of methane and deuterated methane, and the SLD value of the deuterated gas mixture is equal to the SLD value of the shale sample.
6. The method for characterizing a gas occurrence space of a shale gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the second small angle neutron scattering experiment is performed after maintaining the target pressure for 15-30 min.
7. The method for characterizing a gas existence space of a shale gas reservoir according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information are obtained as follows:
respectively guiding the first two-dimensional scattering pattern and the second two-dimensional scattering pattern into fit 2D for one-dimensional processing to obtain a first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and a second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve, and respectively carrying out background subtraction and normalization processing on the first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve;
model fitting is carried out on the processed first one-dimensional scattering intensity curve and the processed second one-dimensional scattering intensity curve by adopting an IRENA plug-in Igor Pro software, and the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information are obtained through calculation respectively.
8. The method of characterizing a shale gas reservoir gas existence space according to claim 1, wherein the first pore structure information and the second pore structure information respectively include porosity, pore size distribution and pore density.
9. The method of characterizing a shale gas reservoir gas presence space according to claim 1, wherein the characterizing dimensions of the gas presence space comprise porosity, porosity fraction, pore density and pore size distribution of the gas presence space.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115615366A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-01-17 | 武汉普锐赛斯科技有限公司 | Shale pore adsorption layer thickness detection device and method |
| CN117309720A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-12-29 | 东北石油大学 | Method for representing pore throat lower limit of fluid in shale oil-gas layer by neutron scattering |
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2022
- 2022-05-19 CN CN202210545394.3A patent/CN114878608A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115615366A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-01-17 | 武汉普锐赛斯科技有限公司 | Shale pore adsorption layer thickness detection device and method |
| CN115615366B (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-10 | 武汉普锐赛斯科技有限公司 | Shale pore adsorption layer thickness detection device and method |
| CN117309720A (en) * | 2023-10-07 | 2023-12-29 | 东北石油大学 | Method for representing pore throat lower limit of fluid in shale oil-gas layer by neutron scattering |
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