CN114877523A - Graphite heater suitable for coal gas heating - Google Patents

Graphite heater suitable for coal gas heating Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114877523A
CN114877523A CN202210382994.2A CN202210382994A CN114877523A CN 114877523 A CN114877523 A CN 114877523A CN 202210382994 A CN202210382994 A CN 202210382994A CN 114877523 A CN114877523 A CN 114877523A
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graphite
heating
holes
plate
hole
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CN114877523B (en
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毛海
张琦
曾虹渊
杨泽
陶初豪
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Xi'an Huijin Technology Co ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00Air heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24HFLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00Details
    • F24H9/18Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a graphite heater suitable for gas heating, which comprises a shell, wherein an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the shell, an air outlet is formed in the other side wall, opposite to the air inlet, of the shell, a plurality of layers of graphite heating plates are sequentially arranged in the shell along the gas flow direction, and a plurality of air passing through holes are formed in the surface of each graphite heating plate. The invention adopts an assembly structure, the single graphite piece has simple structure and easy processing, and the single part can be replaced, thereby avoiding resource waste; the voltage between adjacent graphite plates can be kept below 5V by adjusting the power supply voltage and the number of layers of the graphite heating plates, so that the circuit failure rate caused by carbon deposition of the insulating part can be effectively reduced; the high-temperature part does not contain metal materials and can be suitable for heating gas which does not react with graphite in a high-temperature state.

Description

Graphite heater suitable for coal gas heating
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of industrial heating, and particularly relates to a graphite heater suitable for coal gas heating.
Background
Under the aim of 'double carbon', the process for heating coal gas by using clean energy such as electricity and the like can effectively reduce the using amount of coke in the steel industry and the chemical industry, thereby greatly reducing CO 2 The discharge amount is that the graphite material is used as a novel material and is more and more widely used, and the application of high-purity isostatic pressure graphite is more prominent;
different from common high-temperature resistant materials, the graphite is not softened when the temperature rises, but the strength is increased, and the tensile strength of the graphite is doubled at 2500 ℃ compared with that of the graphite at room temperature, so that the high-temperature resistance of the graphite is excellent; in order to match with a proper external power supply, most of graphite heaters in the center of the prior art are hollow cylindrical structures, are complex to process, have poor structural impact resistance and are easy to damage, and are not suitable for heating high-pressure large-flow gas.
At present, no high-power equipment for heating coal gas to a higher temperature through electric heating exists in the market, a heat accumulating type preheater such as a hot blast stove is generally adopted for conventional high-temperature coal gas heating, namely, high-temperature smoke generated by combustion of the fuel gas flows through a refractory material channel, so that the high-temperature smoke stores heat for the refractory material, and then the coal gas flows through the high-temperature refractory material and is heated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a graphite heater suitable for heating coal gas, which can heat the coal gas to 500-1500 ℃.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the graphite heater suitable for gas heating comprises a shell, wherein an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the shell, an air outlet is formed in the other side wall of the shell, which is opposite to the air inlet, a plurality of layers of graphite heating plates are sequentially arranged in the shell along the gas flow direction, and a plurality of air passing through holes are formed in the surface of each graphite heating plate.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the plurality of layers of graphite heating plates are in a series structure, and the plurality of layers of graphite heating plates are integrally connected in series after being connected in parallel by two or more layers of graphite heating plates.
The outer contour of the graphite heating plate is of a runway shape, the trend of the plurality of air passing through holes is parallel to the straight edge of the uniform graphite heating plate, and the whole body of the plurality of air passing through holes is deviated to the straight edge of one side of the graphite heating plate; the adjacent 2 graphite heating plates are arranged oppositely along the central lines of the same trend with the air passing through holes.
The graphite heating plate can be replaced by a square or rectangular graphite plate.
The length of the air passing through hole is equal to the distance between the two straight edges of the graphite heating plate.
The arc-shaped two ends of the surface of the graphite heating plate are uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes a, the through holes a are arranged along the direction vertical to the straight edge of the graphite heating plate, through holes c are uniformly arranged between adjacent through holes a, the direction of the through holes c is consistent with the direction of the through holes a, the through holes c at one end of the graphite heating plate are milled with counter bores a along the edge of the holes, and the through holes c at the other end of the graphite heating plate are milled with counter bores b along the edge of the holes; the counter bore a is opposite to the counter bore b.
An insulating support column and a graphite current conducting plate are arranged between the adjacent graphite heating plates, two ends of the insulating support column are abutted against the opposite counter bores a, and the graphite current conducting plate is positioned at the other end opposite to the insulating support column; the graphite current conducting plate is provided with a through hole b along the extending direction of the through hole a, the through hole a and the through hole b are concentric, graphite bolts penetrate through the through hole a and the through hole b, and the graphite bolts are used for fixing the adjacent 2 graphite heating plates through graphite nuts.
The insulating support columns are made of high-temperature-resistant insulating materials, and are specifically made of silicon nitride and silicon carbide combined materials.
The adjacent 2 graphite current conducting plates are positioned at the different ends of the graphite heating plate.
The voltage between the adjacent graphite heating plates is lower than 5V, and the relationship between the graphite heating plates and the power supply voltage is shown in the following formula;
Figure BDA0003592176120000031
Figure BDA0003592176120000032
in the formula, P is heating power and the unit is w; u is power supply voltage and has a unit of v; r is the total resistance of the graphite heating plate and has the unit of omega; l is graphite heat generationPlate length in m; s is the cross-sectional area of the graphite heating plate and is expressed in m 2 (ii) a ρ is the resistivity of graphite in Ω · m.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
(1) the invention adopts an assembly structure, the single graphite piece has simple structure and easy processing, and the single part can be replaced, thereby avoiding resource waste.
(2) According to the invention, by adjusting the power supply voltage and the number of the graphite heating plates, the voltage between the adjacent graphite plates can be below 5V, and the circuit failure rate caused by carbon deposition of the insulating part can be effectively reduced.
(3) The graphite heating plate air passing holes are of an asymmetric structure, and two adjacent layers are alternately stacked in a positive and negative mode, so that the heat exchange coefficient can be effectively improved.
(4) The high-temperature part of the invention does not contain metal materials, and can be suitable for heating gas which does not react with graphite at high temperature.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a graphite heating plate of the graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a graphite conductive plate in a graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a graphite heating plate, 2, an insulating support column, 3, a graphite conducting plate, 4, a graphite bolt, 5, an air passing through hole, 6, a counter bore a, 7, a through hole a, 8, a counter bore b, 9, a through hole b, 10 and a through hole c are arranged.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The structure of the graphite heater suitable for gas heating is shown in figure 1, and comprises a shell, wherein an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the shell, an air outlet is formed in the other side wall, opposite to the air inlet, of the shell, a plurality of layers of graphite heating plates 1 are arranged in the shell in a flowing direction of gas, the graphite heating plates are heated to 1500-2000 ℃ by conducting electricity to the graphite heating plates 1, temperature difference exists between the graphite heating plates 1 and the gas, heat transfer can occur, and the gas can be heated to a higher temperature; the plurality of layers of graphite heating plates 1 are in a series structure, or two or more layers of graphite plates can be connected in parallel and then are integrally connected in series.
The outline of the graphite heating plate 1 is a runway type, and can also be replaced by plate machined parts in similar shapes such as square or rectangle, the square or rectangular plate can be the same as the runway type graphite plate, the through holes are opened on the area of the plate to the maximum extent along two parallel straight edges on the graphite heating plate 1, so that the situation that large areas which cannot be opened are reserved on two sides of the graphite heating plate 1 is avoided, but the area of the connecting area of the remaining adjacent plates of the square or rectangular plate except the opening area is larger than that of the runway type plate is avoided; every graphite board 1 surface that generates heat all opens and has a plurality of wind through-holes 5 of crossing, a plurality of wind through-holes 5 of crossing are walked to all being parallel with graphite board 1 straight flange that generates heat, it is the keyway type promptly to cross wind through-hole 5, the wave, rectangular through-holes such as zigzag, it adopts rectangular through-hole 5 first to be because it is convenient to open, and must follow graphite board 1 current direction that generates heat and open and get, otherwise graphite board 1 that generates heat after the circular telegram is inhomogeneous, secondly rectangular through-hole can generate heat evenly after graphite board 1 that generates heat switches on, if adopt round through-hole can appear generating heat inhomogeneous situation.
The adjacent 2 graphite heating plates 1 are arranged along the central line opposite direction with the same trend of the air passing through holes 5, the two adjacent graphite heating plates 1 are arranged in a positive and negative alternate mode, the distance and the disturbance during gas flowing can be increased, the turbulence degree of coal gas in the device is enhanced, the heat exchange effect is improved, and therefore the coal gas can be heated to a higher temperature.
The insulating support columns 2 are abutted to one ends of the adjacent graphite heating plates 1, the insulating support columns 2 are made of silicon nitride combined silicon carbide materials and can be replaced by high-temperature-resistant insulating materials, and the graphite heating plates have the advantages of excellent thermal shock resistance, high temperature resistance, small thermal expansion coefficient, strong bearing capacity and the like, the high-temperature-resistant insulating materials are adopted because the support columns mainly play a supporting role, the temperature in the device reaches thousands of ℃ when the device works, so the high-temperature-resistant materials are required to be adopted, then the whole circuit is in a serial connection form when the graphite heating plates 1 are electrified and heated, if the support columns adopt non-insulating objects, the whole circuit structure is changed into a parallel connection form, and the serial connection resistance is larger than the parallel connection total resistance, so the temperature rising effect of graphite is greatly influenced; the high-temperature-resistant insulating material has the characteristic of small thermal expansion coefficient, and cannot be influenced by high temperature to cause deformation during high-temperature heating; the other end is provided with a graphite current-conducting plate 3, one end of the graphite current-conducting plate 3 is provided with a graphite bolt 4, and 2 adjacent graphite heating plates 1 are fixed through the matching of graphite nuts; the adjacent 2 graphite conducting plates 3 are positioned at the different ends of the graphite heating plate 1, and the whole structure at the other end is made of graphite materials so as to connect the adjacent graphite heating plates 1 to form a series circuit when being electrified; the thermal expansion coefficients of the supporting connecting pieces made of different materials on the two sides are very small and close, and the stability of the structure in the temperature rising process can be ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, the length of the air through holes 5 is equal to the distance between two straight edges of the graphite heating plate 1, and the air through holes 5 are arranged in a manner of deviating from the straight edge of one side of the graphite heating plate 1; the graphite heating plate 1 adopts an asymmetric structure, and the two adjacent layers are alternately stacked up in a positive and negative mode, so that the Reynolds number of circulating gas can be increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.
The arc-shaped two ends of the surface of the graphite heating plate 1 are uniformly provided with a plurality of through holes a7, the through holes a7 are arranged along the straight edge direction of the vertical graphite heating plate 1, through holes c10 are uniformly arranged between adjacent through holes a7, the direction of the through holes c10 is consistent with the direction of the through holes a7, the through holes c10 at one end of the graphite heating plate 1 are milled with counter bores a6 along the edge of the holes, the through holes c10 at the other end of the graphite heating plate 1 are milled with counter bores b8 along the edge of the holes, and the counter bores a6 and the counter bores b8 are arranged on different sides; the counter bore a6 or counter bore b8 that 2 adjacent graphite generate heat board 1 are relative and insulating support column 2 both ends butt, worn the metal pull rod in the through-hole c10, when the device assembly completion back, take out the metal pull rod, guarantee that high temperature portion does not contain metal material, and applicable gas heating that does not take place the reaction with graphite under the high temperature state.
As shown in fig. 3, a through hole b9 is formed in the graphite conductive plate 3, when the device is assembled and constructed, the through hole b9 and the through hole a7 are concentrically arranged, the graphite bolt 4 penetrates through the through hole a7 and the through hole b9, the graphite bolt 4 fixes the adjacent 2 graphite heating plates 1 through a graphite nut, and the bolt and the nut are made of graphite materials to ensure good conductivity between the adjacent 2 graphite heating plates 1.
When the invention works, the uppermost layer graphite heating plate 1 and the lowermost layer graphite heating plate 1 are connected with an external power supply through a circuit, the total resistance of the multilayer graphite heating plate is obtained by calculation according to the resistivity of graphite, the formula is as follows,
Figure BDA0003592176120000061
wherein, R is the total resistance of the graphite heating plate 1 and the unit is omega; l is the length of the graphite heating plate 1 and the unit is m; s is the cross-sectional area of the graphite heating plate 1 and is m 2 (ii) a Rho is the resistivity of graphite and has the unit of omega m;
then substituting the total power to be heated to calculate the total voltage value, and calculating the total voltage value according to the following formula,
Figure BDA0003592176120000062
in the formula, U is power voltage and has a unit of v; r is the total resistance of the graphite heating plate 1 and has the unit of omega; p is heating power and has the unit of w;
adjusting the voltage of an external power supply to the calculated voltage value to enable the voltage between the adjacent graphite heating plates 1 to be below 5V, and controlling the voltage between the adjacent graphite heating plates 1 to be below 5V, wherein carbon deposition is not easy to be punctured when coal gas is heated to 500-700 ℃, and electrical damage caused by short circuit due to carbon deposition puncture is avoided, but carbon deposition still needs to be cleaned along with the increase of the carbon deposition amount; coal gas to be heated enters the device from the air inlet, passes through the air through hole 5 to exchange heat with the graphite heating plate 1 to heat up, and is discharged out of the device from the air outlet.
Carbon deposition can occur during heating coal gas, and when the temperature is lower than 500 ℃ in the range of 300-700 ℃, the carbon deposition reaction speed is increased along with the rise of the temperature; when the temperature is increased from 500 ℃ to 700 ℃, the carbon phase clusters gradually disappear, and the separated carbon gradually forms a single particle phase(ii) a Above this temperature, the reaction rate decreases with increasing temperature, so that the more slight the carbon deposition reaction occurs when the temperature of the heating gas is higher; the carbon separation reaction comprises a CO separation carbon separation reaction and CO and H 2 The mixed carbon precipitation reaction, the carbon of precipitating can be attached to heating element and insulating element surface, and when the carbon deposit volume reaches a certain degree, the device need be shut down and overhauled, clearance carbon deposit.
The invention adopts an assembly structure, the structure of a single graphite piece is simple, the processing is easy, and a single part can be replaced, thereby avoiding the waste of resources; by adjusting the power supply voltage and the number of layers of the graphite heating plates, the voltage between the adjacent graphite plates can be below 5V, and the circuit failure rate caused by carbon deposition of the insulating part can be effectively reduced.

Claims (10)

1. The graphite heater is suitable for gas heating and is characterized by comprising a shell, wherein an air inlet is formed in the side wall of the shell, an air outlet is formed in the other side wall, opposite to the air inlet, of the shell, a plurality of layers of graphite heating plates (1) are sequentially arranged in the shell along the air flow direction, and a plurality of air passing through holes (5) are formed in the surface of each graphite heating plate (1).
2. The graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of layers of graphite heating plates (1) are in a series structure, and the plurality of layers of graphite heating plates (1) are integrally connected in series after two or more layers of graphite heating plates (1) are connected in parallel.
3. The graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to claim 1, wherein the graphite heating plate (1) is of a raceway type in outline, the plurality of air passing through holes (5) run parallel to straight edges of the graphite heating plate (1), and the plurality of air passing through holes (5) are integrally arranged in a manner of deviating from the straight edges of one side of the graphite heating plate (1); the adjacent 2 graphite heating plates (1) are arranged in a mutually reverse mode along the middle lines of the graphite heating plates, wherein the middle lines of the graphite heating plates are the same with the trend of the air passing through holes (5).
4. The graphite heater for gas heating according to claim 3, characterized in that the graphite heat generating plate (1) can be replaced by a square or rectangular graphite plate.
5. The graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to claim 3, wherein the length of the air through hole (5) is equal to the distance between two straight edges of the graphite heating plate (1).
6. The graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of through holes a (7) are uniformly formed at two arc-shaped ends of the surface of the graphite heating plate (1), the through holes a (7) are arranged along the straight edge direction of the graphite heating plate (1), through holes c (10) are uniformly formed between the adjacent through holes a (7), the direction of the through holes c (10) is consistent with that of the through holes a (7), a counter bore a (6) is milled in the through hole c (10) at one end of the graphite heating plate (1) along the hole edge, and a counter bore b (8) is milled in the through hole c (10) at the other end of the graphite heating plate (1) along the hole edge; the counter bore a (6) and the counter bore b (8) are arranged on different sides.
7. The graphite heater suitable for gas heating according to claim 6, wherein an insulating support column (2) and a graphite conductive plate (3) are arranged between the adjacent graphite heating plates (1), two ends of the insulating support column (2) are abutted against the opposite counter bore a (6), and the graphite conductive plate (3) is positioned at the other end opposite to the insulating support column (2); the graphite current conducting plate (3) is opened along through-hole a (7) extending direction has through-hole b (9), through-hole a (6) and through-hole b (9) are concentric, wear in through-hole a (6) and through-hole b (9) graphite bolt (4), graphite bolt (4) are through fixed 2 adjacent graphite heating plates (1) of graphite nut.
8. The graphite heater for gas heating according to claim 7, wherein the insulating support columns (2) are made of high temperature resistant insulating material, and the insulating support columns (2) are made of silicon nitride combined with silicon carbide.
9. The graphite heater adapted for gas heating according to claim 7, wherein the adjacent 2 graphite conducting plates (3) are located at the opposite ends of the graphite heat generating plate (1).
10. The graphite heater for gas heating according to claim 1, wherein the voltage between the adjacent graphite heating plates (1) is lower than 5V, and the relationship between the graphite heating plates (1) and the power supply voltage is shown in the following formula;
Figure FDA0003592176110000021
Figure FDA0003592176110000022
in the formula, P is heating power and the unit is w; u is power supply voltage and has a unit of v; r is the total resistance of the graphite heating plate (1) and the unit is omega; l is the length of the graphite heating plate (1) and the unit is m; s is the cross-sectional area of the graphite heating plate (1) and the unit is m 2 (ii) a ρ is the resistivity of graphite in Ω · m.
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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1310097A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-03-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Arrangements for heating gases
JPH06300458A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-28 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Graphite block heating device
US20130334206A1 (en) * 2012-06-19 2013-12-19 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Graphite heater
JP2014062004A (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-04-10 Ibiden Co Ltd Graphite heater
CN108419310A (en) * 2018-01-15 2018-08-17 太仓斯迪克新材料科技有限公司 A kind of novel graphite heating device
CN212544081U (en) * 2020-08-05 2021-02-12 中金态和(武汉)石墨烯科技股份有限公司 Assembled graphite alkene device that generates heat
CN112762702A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-07 重庆新离子环境科技有限公司 Static graphite heating device

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1310097A (en) * 1970-07-16 1973-03-14 Sigri Elektrographit Gmbh Arrangements for heating gases
JPH06300458A (en) * 1993-04-09 1994-10-28 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Graphite block heating device
US20130334206A1 (en) * 2012-06-19 2013-12-19 Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. Graphite heater
JP2014062004A (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-04-10 Ibiden Co Ltd Graphite heater
CN108419310A (en) * 2018-01-15 2018-08-17 太仓斯迪克新材料科技有限公司 A kind of novel graphite heating device
CN212544081U (en) * 2020-08-05 2021-02-12 中金态和(武汉)石墨烯科技股份有限公司 Assembled graphite alkene device that generates heat
CN112762702A (en) * 2021-01-28 2021-05-07 重庆新离子环境科技有限公司 Static graphite heating device

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