CN114876996A - Pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction of commercial vehicle and design method thereof - Google Patents
Pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction of commercial vehicle and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114876996A CN114876996A CN202210413614.7A CN202210413614A CN114876996A CN 114876996 A CN114876996 A CN 114876996A CN 202210413614 A CN202210413614 A CN 202210413614A CN 114876996 A CN114876996 A CN 114876996A
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 9
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
- F16F7/10—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect
- F16F7/104—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted
- F16F7/116—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using inertia effect the inertia member being resiliently mounted on metal springs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2111/00—Details relating to CAD techniques
- G06F2111/04—Constraint-based CAD
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/02—Reliability analysis or reliability optimisation; Failure analysis, e.g. worst case scenario performance, failure mode and effects analysis [FMEA]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of a commercial vehicle and a design method thereof. The invention weakens the shake of the structural member to the maximum extent, has simple structure, is easy to install, saves assembly space, effectively reduces the problem of vehicle idle speed shake, improves the comfort and safety of commercial vehicles and improves the product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a passive vibration reduction technology of a commercial vehicle, in particular to a pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of a commercial vehicle and a design method thereof.
Background
Vehicle shake is the common phenomenon of vehicle, because commercial car engine power is big, compromise the load demand simultaneously, the rigidity of suspension is often great, causes the commercial car more prominent than the passenger car in the vibration problem of idling or in going like this, and along with commercial car user's youthfulness, the user is more and more high to the NVH performance requirement of commercial car, and the good or bad one that influences the user and buy the vehicle of commercial car NVH performance becomes a big factor. Therefore, the reduction of the idle speed jitter of the commercial vehicle is an important problem which needs to be solved urgently at present, both from the perspective of the comfort and safety of the commercial vehicle and from the perspective of the market occupation of enterprises depending on the product quality.
The dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction in the existing commercial vehicle is large in size, not easy to install and fixed in frequency modulation direction, and is difficult to solve by a single dynamic vibration absorber at the same position in NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) tuning of the whole vehicle, so that the application range of the dynamic vibration absorber is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration reduction of a commercial vehicle, which has simple structure, saves assembly space, can effectively reduce vehicle vibration and has self-adaptability in the vibration absorption direction; the invention also provides a design method of the pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of the commercial vehicle.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of the commercial vehicle is connected with a supporting structure on a vibration main system, the supporting structure is connected with a vibration absorbing structure, the vibration absorbing structure comprises a spring wire, the upper end of the spring wire is fixedly connected with the supporting structure, and the lower end of the spring wire is fixedly connected with a vibrator.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the vibrator comprises a basic mass block, the upper end of the basic mass block is connected with a thin-wall nut in a threaded mode, and the thin-wall nut is fixedly connected with the lower end of the spring wire.
According to the preferable technical scheme, a protective shell is arranged on the outer side of the thin-wall nut, and the lower end of the spring wire penetrates through the top of the protective shell to be fixedly connected with the thin-wall nut.
As a preferred technical scheme, the protective shell is made of ABS and PC mixture, and the protective shell is fixedly connected with the lower end of the spring wire and the thin-wall nut through injection molding.
According to the preferable technical scheme, the spring wire is made of 65Mn, and the lower end of the spring wire and the thin-wall nut are coaxially arranged.
As a preferred technical scheme, the supporting structure comprises a mounting base, and the mounting base is fixedly connected with the upper end of the spring wire in an embedded injection molding mode.
Method for designing a pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle, for the structural design of a dynamic vibration absorber according to any of the preceding claims 1-6 to be mounted on a vibration master system, comprising the design steps of:
1. determining the excitation frequency, and determining the vibration frequency of the vibration main system when the vehicle idles according to the parameters of the vehicle engine;
2. determining the mass ratio mu, calculating the mass ratio mu by the following formula
m＝μM
In the formula, M is the mass of the main vibration system, and M is the mass of the vibrator;
3. determining spring wire stiffness k 0 And (3) solving the rigidity of the spring wire in the dynamic vibration absorber through the rigidity K of the vibration main system and the mass ratio mu obtained in the step (2)
4. The damping coefficient of the spring wire vibrator structure of the dynamic vibration absorber is calculated through finite element software Hyperworks;
5. optimizing the size design and strength check of the spring wire and the oscillator, establishing a finite element model through finite element software Hyperworks, simplifying the model into a cantilever beam structure with an equal circular section, connecting a basic mass block at the tail end of the cantilever beam, solving a constraint mode, wherein a solver is Optistruct, and optimizing the size of the spring wire and the oscillator to determine the final shape of the dynamic vibration absorber;
6. manufacturing a sample, namely generating a drawing for the model, and manufacturing the sample with the required vibration frequency;
7. testing the vibration absorption performance, namely testing a sample piece on a main vibration system when the vehicle idles in the step 1, checking whether the vibration absorption effect meets the standard, if so, performing the next test, and if not, returning to the step 2 to perform structural design again;
8. and (4) performing reliability test and design freezing, performing reliability test on the sample piece to ensure that the sample piece meets the preset requirement, and designing freezing after the test is passed.
As a preferred technical solution, the determining the excitation frequency in step 1 further includes determining the excitation frequency of the vibration master system according to the excitation load frequency at a certain position of the given vehicle.
Preferably, the mass ratio is greater than 1%.
As a preferable technical scheme, on the basis of unchanged length of the spring wire of the dynamic vibration absorber, the basic mass block can be directionally corrected and replaced by the following formula according to the excitation frequency of each vehicle vibration main system
Where f is the excitation frequency of the vibrating main system, m is the mass of the vibrator, and k 0 Is the spring wire stiffness.
According to the pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of the commercial vehicle and the design method thereof, the pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber is arranged on the structural component of the vibration main system in the idle state of the vehicle, the vibration of the structural component is reduced to the greatest extent by utilizing the self-adaptability of the spring wire, the structure is simple, the installation is easy, the assembly space is saved, the idle vibration problem of the vehicle is effectively reduced, the comfort and the safety of the commercial vehicle are improved, and the product quality is improved.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dynamic vibration absorber of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an end face of the spring wire of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a design method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-mounting a base; 2-a spring wire; 3-protective shell; 4-thin-walled nuts; 5-basic mass block.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments according to the present invention are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted herein that in the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the constituent elements having substantially the same structure and function, and redundant description about the substantially same constituent elements is omitted for the sake of conciseness of the description.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the pendulum dynamic vibration absorber for reducing vibration of a commercial vehicle is connected to a support structure on a main vibration system, the support structure is connected to a vibration absorbing structure, the vibration absorbing structure includes a spring wire 2, the upper end of the spring wire 2 is fixedly connected to the support structure, and the lower end of the spring wire 2 is fixedly connected to a vibrator. The vibrator comprises a basic mass block, a thin-wall nut 4 is connected to the upper end of the basic mass block in a threaded mode, the thin-wall nut 4 is fixedly connected with the lower end of the spring wire 2, the basic mass block can be conveniently detached and installed in a fastened mode through threads, and the basic mass block can be directionally replaced according to the vibration frequency of different main vibration system structural components of different vehicles. And a protective shell 3 is arranged on the outer side of the thin-wall nut 4, and the lower end of the spring wire 2 penetrates through the top of the protective shell 3 and is fixedly connected with the thin-wall nut 4. The supporting structure comprises a mounting base 1, the mounting base 1 is fixedly connected with the upper end of the spring wire 2 in an embedded injection molding mode, and the strength of the root of the spring wire 2 is enhanced; the installation base 1 is connected with the basic mass block through the spring wire 2, has self-adaptability, does not distinguish the vibration direction, and simple structure, the energy-absorbing is complete, is of value to practicing thrift installation space.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the protective shell 3 is made of a mixture of ABS and PC, and the protective shell 3, the lower end of the spring wire 2 and the thin-walled nut 4 are fixedly connected together by injection molding, so that the cost is saved while the internal structure is protected. The spring wire 2 is made of 65Mn materials, the lower end of the spring wire 2 and the thin-wall nut 4 are coaxially arranged, and the positioning of a subsequent machining process is convenient and accurate.
Compared with the prior art for damping vibration in commercial vehicles, the dynamic vibration absorber has the advantages that the structure is simple, the vibration absorbing direction of the dynamic vibration absorber is self-adaptive, and the assembly space is saved; the invention can effectively reduce the vehicle shaking problem, and can effectively control the idling or shaking problem in driving of structural members of different vibration main systems of different vehicles by replacing different basic mass blocks.
As shown in fig. 4, a method for designing a pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle, which is to structurally design the dynamic vibration absorber of claims 1 to 6 to be mounted on a vibration master system, is characterized by comprising the steps of:
1. determining the excitation frequency, and determining the vibration frequency of the vibration main system when the vehicle idles according to the parameters of the vehicle engine;
2. determining the mass ratio mu, calculating the mass ratio mu by the following formula
m＝μM
In the formula, M is the mass of the main vibration system, and M is the mass of the vibrator;
the larger the mass ratio, the more advantageous it is for suppressing vibration of the main system of vibration, it is generally preferable that the mass ratio is more than 1% in view of cost and layout space;
3. determining spring wire stiffness k 0 And (3) solving the rigidity of the spring wire 2 in the dynamic vibration absorber according to the rigidity K of the vibration main system and the mass ratio mu obtained in the step (2)
4. The damping coefficient of the spring wire 2 vibrator structure of the dynamic vibration absorber is calculated through finite element software Hyperworks; because the damping of the spring wire vibrator structure is extremely small, the ideal effect can be achieved by vibration reduction without additional damping through calculation;
5. the spring wire and vibrator size optimization design and strength check are carried out, a finite element model is established through finite element software Hyperworks, the simplified model is of a cantilever beam structure with an equal circular cross section, the tail end of the cantilever beam is connected with a basic mass block, constraint mode solution is carried out, a solver is Optistruct, the final shape of the dynamic vibration absorber is determined through spring wire and vibrator size optimization, and the optimal vibration attenuation effect can be obtained when the dynamic vibration absorber is installed when a vehicle idles;
the strength of the designed structure is checked, the reliability of the structure is judged, and the root of the spring wire 2 is prevented from generating plastic deformation in the motion process of the vibrator; in a finite element model, a load is applied to the tail end of the vibrator to obtain the tail end displacement of the vibrator when the root stress of the spring wire 2 reaches the yield limit; it is determined that the dynamic vibration absorber does not undergo plastic deformation during vibration.
6. Manufacturing a sample, namely generating a drawing for the model, and manufacturing the sample with the required vibration frequency;
7. testing vibration absorption performance, namely, testing a sample piece on a vibration main system when the vehicle idles in the step 1, checking whether the vibration absorption effect meets the standard, if so, performing the next test, and if not, returning to the step 2 to perform structural design again;
8. the method comprises the following steps of performing reliability test and design freezing, performing the reliability test on a sample piece, ensuring that the sample piece meets the preset requirements in the aspects of structure, process, environmental adaptability and the like, and completing the vibration reduction target; the test passed, and freezing was designed.
Wherein, the determining the excitation frequency in step 1 further comprises determining the excitation frequency of the vibration master system given the excitation load frequency of a certain position of the vehicle.
The dynamic vibration absorber can be regarded as a spring-assisted mass system which is added on a vibration main system, the frequency of the vibration main system is the same as that of the dynamic vibration absorber, and the two-order modal frequency of the formed new system avoids the frequency of an original main structure, so that frequency deviation is realized, and the vibration reduction effect is achieved; the pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber adopts a single-degree-of-freedom undamped vibration system, utilizes the auxiliary mass fixed point principle to carry out structural design, and ensures that the displacement response of a vibration main system does not generate larger amplitude value in a narrower frequency range.
On the basis of the unchanged length of the spring wire 2 of the dynamic vibration absorber, the basic mass block can be directionally corrected and replaced by the following formula according to the excitation frequency of each vehicle vibration main system
Where f is the excitation frequency of the vibrating main system, m is the mass of the vibrator, and k 0 Is the spring wire stiffness.
In the real vehicle test of a vehicle type, after the dynamic vibration absorber is added, the vibration amplitude of the structural part X of the vibration main system without the dynamic vibration absorber is 0.4g, the vibration amplitude of the structural part X of the vibration main system with the dynamic vibration absorber is 0.055g, the vibration amplitude of the structural part X of the vibration main system with the dynamic vibration absorber is reduced by over 86.25 percent, the frequency of the sample piece is about 0.7Hz different from the frequency of the auxiliary fixed point, if the sample piece with the auxiliary fixed point frequency is used for testing, the vibration can be reduced by over 90 percent, and the vibration can be effectively weakened.
The vibration damping device has small installation space requirement, can solve the problem of the vibration of different vibration main systems in the idling of the vehicle through the flexible proportion of the basic mass block, is suitable for any vibration structural member in the idling state of the vehicle, such as a rearview mirror, a cab seat, a vehicle body fender, a steering wheel, a pipe beam, a blind-repairing mirror and the like, has a good vibration damping effect, and effectively solves the problem of the idling vibration of the vehicle.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that each term indicating orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A pendulum model dynamic vibration absorber for commercial car damping is connected with the bearing structure on the vibration main system, bearing structure is connected with vibration absorbing structure, its characterized in that: the vibration absorption structure comprises a spring wire, the upper end of the spring wire is fixedly connected with the supporting structure, and the lower end of the spring wire is fixedly connected with a vibrator.
2. The pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the vibrator comprises a basic mass block, the upper end of the basic mass block is in threaded connection with a thin-wall nut, and the thin-wall nut is fixedly connected with the lower end of the spring wire.
3. The pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle of claim 2, wherein: a protective shell is arranged on the outer side of the thin-wall nut, and the lower end of the spring wire penetrates through the top of the protective shell and is fixedly connected with the thin-wall nut.
4. The pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle of claim 3, wherein: the protective housing is made by ABS and PC mixture, the protective housing is in the same place through the fixed connection of moulding plastics with spring wire lower extreme and thin-walled nut.
5. The pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle of claim 2, wherein: the spring wire is made of 65Mn materials, and the lower end of the spring wire and the thin-wall nut are coaxially arranged.
6. The pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle of claim 1, wherein: the supporting structure comprises a mounting base, and the mounting base is fixedly connected with the upper end of the spring wire in an embedded injection molding mode.
7. Method for designing a pendulum-type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of a commercial vehicle, for the structural design of a dynamic vibration absorber according to any of the preceding claims 1-6 to be mounted on a vibration master system, characterized in that it comprises the design steps of:
1. determining the excitation frequency, and determining the vibration frequency of the vibration main system when the vehicle idles according to the parameters of the vehicle engine;
2. determining the mass ratio mu, calculating the mass ratio mu by the following formula
m＝μM
In the formula, M is the mass of the main vibration system, and M is the mass of the vibrator;
3. determining spring wire stiffness k 0 The mass obtained in step 2 is determined by the stiffness K of the primary system of vibrationMethod for solving stiffness of spring wire in dynamic vibration absorber by using magnitude ratio mu
4. The damping coefficient of the spring wire vibrator structure of the dynamic vibration absorber is calculated through finite element software Hyperworks;
5. the method comprises the steps of optimally designing the sizes of a spring wire and a vibrator and checking the strength, establishing a finite element model through finite element software Hyperworks, simplifying the model into a cantilever beam structure with an equal circular section, connecting a basic mass block to the tail end of the cantilever beam, solving a constraint mode, determining the final shape of the dynamic vibration absorber through the size optimization of the spring wire and the vibrator by using an Optistruct as a solver;
6. manufacturing a sample, namely generating a drawing for the model, and manufacturing the sample with the required vibration frequency;
7. testing the vibration absorption performance, namely testing a sample piece on a main vibration system when the vehicle idles in the step 1, checking whether the vibration absorption effect meets the standard, if so, performing the next test, and if not, returning to the step 2 to perform structural design again;
8. and (4) performing reliability test and design freezing, performing reliability test on the sample piece to ensure that the sample piece meets the preset requirement, and designing freezing after the test is passed.
8. The design method of pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of commercial vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the step 1 of determining the excitation frequency further comprises the step of determining the excitation frequency of the vibration main system according to the excitation load frequency of a certain position of the vehicle.
9. The design method of pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of commercial vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the mass ratio is more than 1%.
10. The design method of pendulum type dynamic vibration absorber for vibration damping of commercial vehicle as claimed in claim 7, wherein: on the basis of unchanged length of the spring wire of the dynamic vibration absorber, the basic mass block can be directionally corrected and replaced by the following formula according to the vibration excitation frequency of each vehicle vibration main system
Where f is the excitation frequency of the vibrating main system, m is the mass of the vibrator, and k 0 Is the spring wire stiffness.
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| Title |
|---|
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| CN114876996B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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