CN114871631B - Nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair - Google Patents
Nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair Download PDFInfo
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- CN114871631B CN114871631B CN202210294288.2A CN202210294288A CN114871631B CN 114871631 B CN114871631 B CN 114871631B CN 202210294288 A CN202210294288 A CN 202210294288A CN 114871631 B CN114871631 B CN 114871631B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K3/00—Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods
- B23K3/08—Auxiliary devices therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention provides nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of a nickel-based superalloy, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:5% -7%, co:6% -7%, cr:10% -16%, ta: 5.9-6.3%, 0.1-0.25% of Hf, and B:0.8% -1.8%, si:1.3 to 1.8%, and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities. And (3) proportioning according to the chemical component proportion, preparing nickel-based alloy powder solder by using an electrode induction gas atomization powder preparation device and adopting a vacuum argon atomization mode. The melting point of the nickel-based alloy powder is obviously improved to 1220-1280 ℃, the thermodynamic stability of the powder solder is better, the high temperature resistance is stronger, and the normal temperature shearing strength of a welded joint and the reliability of the repaired blade are improved when the nickel-based alloy powder is used for welding repair of turbine blades.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding repair and nickel-based superalloy, in particular to nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy; in particular to nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of a nickel-based superalloy of an aero-engine blade.
Background
Turbine blades are key power components of aircraft engines. The material is used in high temperature and high pressure environment for a long time, so the material has extremely high requirements on thermal, mechanical and corrosion resistance of the used material. The nickel-based superalloy is an alloy with higher strength and good oxidation resistance and oxygen corrosion resistance under high-temperature and high-pressure environment, is one of the most widely applied types of superalloy and highest high-temperature strength, has the characteristics of uniform performance, fine grains, strong rigidity and higher fatigue resistance, and is widely used for manufacturing parts such as advanced aeroengines, turbine blades and the like. However, the turbine blade made of the nickel-based superalloy has the defects that a workpiece with a complex structure and a severe service working environment is easy to crack, deform, corrode pits and the like, and the quality of a product is seriously damaged, so that the blade needs to be repaired.
In all repair technologies, the transient diffusion liquid phase welding has lower heat input, can effectively avoid the generation of microcracks in a heat affected zone, and is widely focused by industry personnel. However, the existing mature solder powder, such as BNi-2, BNi-3 and the like, still has the problems of low post-welding strength, large content of melting reduction elements B, si and the like, large difference between the powder element type and phase and the parent metal and the like. Because of these drawbacks of the existing solder powders, industry attempts to improve on them, such as the method of TLP bonding of nickel-base single crystal superalloys mixed with powder interlayers, as described in chinese patent CN112388143a, are continually being attempted. Some scholars choose to redesign the powder components, such as a nickel-based alloy interlayer and a new technique for welding high-temperature alloy by TLP (thin film welding) of the nickel-based alloy interlayer in China patent publication No. CN 104404307A. However, these modified and newly designed powders still have the problems of higher levels of desolventizing elements such as B, si and Hf, and greater differences in elemental composition and phase of the solder powder from the blade base material, and generally have melting points below 1200 ℃ and lower melting points of the powder. When the content of the desolventizing element in the solder is high, the melting point of the solder powder is low, and a brittle phase is easy to form in the welding process, so that the repaired blade cannot be stably served under the conditions of high temperature and high stress. On the other hand, the existing solder has relatively more constituent elements, and is significantly different from the high-temperature alloy base material, so that the joint composition and the structure are greatly different from the base material. For the above reasons, it is required to develop a high-temperature alloy solder having a melting point of 1200 ℃ or higher, a low B, si or Hf element content, and an element type closer to that of the base material. The method not only can generate great economic benefit, but also has great significance for promoting the forward development of aerospace industry in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention discloses nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of a nickel-based superalloy, which solves the problems of higher content of solder powder desolventizing elements B, si, hf and the like, poor high-temperature bearing capacity, low powder melting point, larger difference between a powder phase and a base metal and lower normal-temperature shearing strength of a welded joint in the prior art. Wherein, the high temperature refers to the melting point higher than 1200 ℃. The nickel-base superalloy may be a superalloy for an aircraft engine blade.
In this regard, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:5% -7%, co:6% -7%, cr:10% -16%, ta: 5.9-6.3%, hf:0.1% -0.25%, B:0.8% -1.8%, si:1.3 to 1.8%, and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities.
Compared with the existing commercial and mature similar TLP solder powder such as BNi-2 and BNi-3, the melting point of the powder solder adopting the technical scheme is increased by nearly 200 ℃ and reaches 1220-1280 ℃, and the difference between the powder phase and the parent metal of the turbine blade of the engine is smaller. Compared with the disclosed improved or self-designed solder powder, the technical scheme removes elements which are not contained in blade base materials such as C, V, ti, nb and Fe and elements which possibly cause the alloy to reduce the hot corrosion resistance, so that the chemical components and phases of the repaired blade joint are more similar to those of the nickel-based superalloy base material, the consistency of the repair area and the base material performance is facilitated, and the reliability of the welded joint is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:5% -6%, co:6.0 6% -6% of Cr:13% -16%, ta: 6.0-6.2%, hf:0.12% -0.25%, B:0.9% -1.7%, si:1.3 to 1.7%, and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the powder particle size is in the order of microns. Further, the particle size of the powder is not more than 100 mu m, D90 is 75-95 mu m, and the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy is spherical or nearly spherical.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy, which comprises the steps of proportioning according to the chemical composition ratio, preparing the nickel-based alloy powder solder by using an electrode induction gas atomization powder preparation device and adopting a vacuum argon gas atomization mode.
The invention also discloses a method for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy, wherein the superalloy component comprises the following steps:
step S1, polishing a surface to be welded of an alloy workpiece to be connected, cleaning and drying;
step S2, preparing soldering flux;
step S3, uniformly mixing the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy with the soldering flux to obtain solder paste;
step S4, coating a layer of solder paste on the surface to be welded of the alloy workpieces to be connected, and then bonding the surfaces of the workpieces coated with the solder paste to form a workpiece-solder paste-workpiece bonded sandwich structure;
s5, performing glue discharging treatment, and volatilizing the soldering flux;
and S6, welding the alloy workpieces to be connected which are subjected to glue discharging treatment through instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding.
By adopting the technical scheme, the solder paste with any size and shape can be prepared by using the powder according to the requirements, so that the method is more flexible; the product can be stably connected without pressurizing in the welding process and preserving heat for 0.5h, and the post-welding heat treatment is not needed, so that the production efficiency is improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S2, the ingredients of the soldering flux comprise ethyl cellulose, terpineol, soybean lecithin, ethyl acetate and 1, 2-propylene glycol, and the components are uniformly dispersed and mixed by adopting ultrasonic waves.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S3, after preliminary mixing of nickel-base alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the high-temperature alloy and soldering flux, the nickel-base alloy powder solder and soldering flux are put into an ultrasonic vibrator and a planetary gravity stirrer to be uniformly mixed, the ultrasonic vibration power is 320-380W, the vibration frequency is 35-45 kHZ, and the vibration time is 260-340S each time, and the total time is 2-8 times; the stirring speed is 700-1900 rpm, the stirring time is 260-340 s each time, the stirring temperature is room temperature, the stirring is 2-8 times, and the ultrasonic vibration and the gravity stirring are alternately carried out to prepare the solder paste.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S5, the following process is adopted for the glue discharging treatment: and (3) heating to 90-110 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, heating to 190-210 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, then heating to 290-310 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, and finally cooling to the room temperature along with a furnace at the speed of 5-20 ℃/min, thereby volatilizing the soldering flux.
As a further improvement of the invention, in the step S4, the brushing area of the solder paste accounts for 30% -40% of the contact area between the workpieces.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S6, a vacuum high temperature furnace is used for welding, a vacuum environment is first extracted, and the vacuum degree during welding is 8×10 -4 MPa~2*10 -3 The process of the instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding under the MPa is that the temperature is increased to 590-610 ℃ at the room temperature at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature stays for 15-30 min, residual organic matters are removed completely, the temperature is increased to 1240-1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.5-4 hours, and then the furnace is cooled at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the melting point of the nickel-based alloy powder in the technical scheme is obviously improved, the temperature reaches 1220-1280 ℃, the thermodynamic stability of the powder solder is more excellent, the high temperature resistance is stronger, and when the nickel-based alloy powder is used for welding repair of turbine blades, the normal temperature shearing strength of a welding joint is obviously improved, and the temperature reaches 650-800 MPa and reaches 80% of that of a nickel-based superalloy base metal.
Secondly, compared with similar products which are commercially mature in the market, the nickel-based alloy powder solder of the technical scheme of the invention only contains eight alloy elements, is the elements contained in the base metal except for the desolventizing element Si, has low B, si or Hf element content, almost does not contain any phase except gamma and gamma', and has the powder solder phase and the contained element types which are kept in high consistency with the base metal of the blade, thereby being beneficial to reducing the generation of harmful second phases in the welding seam, leading the welding seam structure to be closer to the base metal of the blade, reducing the performance mutation of the blade at the welding seam and improving the reliability of the blade after repair.
Thirdly, the nickel-based alloy powder solder obtained by adopting the technical scheme of the invention has uniform internal structure, high sphericity of the powder solder and lower content of the hollow powder solder.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sandwich structure of the present invention when the workpieces to be welded of the embodiments 1 and 2 are welded.
Fig. 2 is a process route of the adhesive discharging process in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an SEM morphology of the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an XRD pattern of the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a DSC chart of a powder solder of nickel-base alloy prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an EDS cross-sectional scan of a nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an SEM image of the weld zone of a blade repaired by the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention, where a) is the overall image of the weld after repair, b) and c) are magnified images of diffusion affected zones, d), e), f), g), and h) are magnified images of non-isothermal solidification zones.
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the shear strength of the weld joint after repairing the blade by the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 according to the different welding processes including the application method; wherein (a) the welding and heat preservation are carried out for 2h at different temperatures, and (b) the welding is carried out at the temperature of 1260 ℃ at different heat preservation times.
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the particle size distribution of the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an SEM topography of a nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared according to example 2 of the invention.
Fig. 12 is an SEM image of the weld area of the blade repaired with the nickel-base alloy powder solder prepared in example 1 of the present invention, with (a) and (b) representing images at different magnifications.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example 1
The nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:5.54%, co:6.98%, cr:15.74%, ta:6.18%, hf:0.24%, B:0.93%, si:1.62% of Ni and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of proportioning according to the chemical composition ratio, preparing clean nickel-based alloy powder solder in a vacuum argon atomization mode by using an electrode induction gas atomization powder preparation device, wherein the powder solder is spherical or nearly spherical. Vacuum screening is carried out on the prepared powder solder, and the powder solder with the particle size of 0-100 mu m is selected, wherein the D90 is 87 mu m.
The particle size distribution diagram of the obtained nickel-base alloy powder solder is shown in fig. 3, the SEM morphology diagram is shown in fig. 4, the XRD diagram is shown in fig. 5, the DSC curve diagram is shown in fig. 6, the EDS section scanning diagram is shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the particle size D90 of the prepared powder is below 100 mu m, and the particle size accords with the normal distribution. As can be seen from fig. 4, the sphericity of the powder is good and the particle size of the powder sphere is uniform. As can be seen from fig. 5, the powder hardly contains any phases other than γ and γ'. The powder phase is in high agreement with the blade base material. As can be seen from fig. 7, the powder has a uniform chemical composition and a small degree of segregation.
The nickel-based alloy powder solder adopting the embodiment is used for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy component, and the process specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a DD5 alloy blade parent metal for welding repair, polishing a surface to be welded of the parent metal by using sand paper with 150 meshes, 600 meshes, 1200 meshes and 2500 meshes, soaking a workpiece by using absolute ethyl alcohol with the purity of 99.7%, cleaning in an ultrasonic vibrator, removing pollutants remained on the surface of the workpiece, and drying for later use, wherein the ultrasonic power is 320W, the vibration frequency is 45kHZ, and the time is 180 s.
The blade parent metal to be welded face size of this embodiment is 5mm, and blade parent metal chemical composition is: the weight percentage is as follows: c:0.05%, cr:7.1%, co:6.5%, W:5.1%, al:6.2%, ta:6.9%, mo:1.5%, hf:0.15%, B:0.004%, re:2.9% and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
And 2, preparing nickel-based alloy powder solder.
And 3, preparing a soldering flux, wherein the soldering flux comprises ethyl cellulose, terpineol, soybean lecithin, ethyl acetate and 1, 2-propylene glycol, wherein the purity of the terpineol is 95%, and the purity of the rest components is 99.7%. Dispersing the components for 300s by using an ultrasonic vibrator, wherein the ultrasonic power is 320W, the vibration frequency is 45kHZ, and uniformly mixing.
Step 4, after the solder powder and the organic soldering flux are preliminarily mixed in a container, putting the container into an ultrasonic vibrator and a planetary gravity stirrer for uniform mixing, wherein the ultrasonic vibration power is 320W, the vibration frequency is 45kHZ, the vibration time is 300s each time, and the vibration times are 3 times; the stirring speed is 1500rpm, the stirring temperature is room temperature, the stirring time is 300s each time, the stirring times are 3 times, and the ultrasonic vibration and the gravity stirring are alternately carried out to prepare the solder paste. The steel screen printing is performed immediately after the solder paste is prepared, so that the performance of the solder paste is prevented from being reduced due to long-time placement.
And 5, printing the solder paste prepared in the step 4 on the surface of the workpieces to be connected on a steel screen printing platform by using a steel screen with the thickness of 100 mu m, printing a layer of solder paste between every two workpieces to be connected, and then bonding the surfaces of the two workpieces coated with the solder paste to form a workpiece-solder paste-workpiece bonded sandwich structure, wherein the area of the solder paste accounts for 36% of the contact area of the workpieces, as shown in figure 1.
Step 6, placing the steel screen printed workpiece in the step 5 in a high-temperature furnace for glue discharging treatment, wherein the process route is shown in fig. 2, and specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 100 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 2.5 ℃/min for 90min, heating to 200 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 2.5 ℃/min for 90min, heating to 300 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 2.5 ℃/min for 90min, cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace at the temperature rising rate of 15 ℃/min, and basically volatilizing the soldering flux.
And 7, welding and repairing the workpiece through transient liquid phase diffusion welding, placing the workpiece to be welded after the glue discharging treatment in the step 6 in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, and fixing the workpiece through a ceramic clamp to prevent the workpiece from sliding in the welding flux melting process.
Welding with vacuum high temperature furnace, and extracting vacuum environment with vacuum degree of 1×10 -3 The process of the instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding under the MPa is that the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ at the room temperature at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature stays for 20min, the temperature is increased to 1260 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 3 hours, and then the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the rate of 8 ℃/min, so that the repaired single crystal blade workpiece is finally obtained.
In addition, in step S7, the blade is repaired by using different welding processes, and the weld shear strength comparison chart obtained by each welding process is shown in fig. 9, where (a) is a comparison chart of samples obtained by keeping the temperature for 2h but with different maximum temperature rising temperatures, and (b) is a comparison chart of samples with different temperature keeping times, where the temperature is raised to 1260 ℃. It can be seen that the average value of the normal-temperature shearing strength of the workpiece welding joint reaches 680MPa, and the strength requirement of the part of samples exceeding 800MPa after repair of the aero-engine blade can be met.
Example 2
The nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al:5.11%, co:6.13%, cr:13.59%, ta:6.18%, hf:0.13%, B:1.65%, si:1.35% of Ni and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: the preparation method comprises the steps of proportioning according to the chemical composition ratio, preparing clean nickel-based alloy powder solder in a vacuum argon atomization mode by using an electrode induction gas atomization powder preparation device, wherein the powder solder is spherical or nearly spherical. Vacuum screening is carried out on the prepared powder solder, and the powder solder with the particle size of 0-100 mu m is selected, wherein D90 is 83 mu m.
As shown in FIG. 10, the particle size distribution of the nickel-base alloy powder solder obtained was found to be such that the particle size D90 of the powder obtained was 100 μm or less and the particle size was in accordance with the normal distribution. As shown in fig. 11, the SEM morphology of the nickel-base alloy powder solder shows that the powder sphericity is good and the particle size of the powder sphere is uniform.
The nickel-based alloy powder solder adopting the embodiment is used for repairing the surface of the high-temperature alloy part, and the process comprises the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a DD5 alloy blade parent metal for welding repair, polishing a surface to be welded of the parent metal by using sand paper with 150 meshes, 600 meshes, 1200 meshes and 2500 meshes, soaking a workpiece by using absolute ethyl alcohol with the purity of 99.7%, cleaning in an ultrasonic vibrator, removing residual pollutants on the surface of the workpiece, and drying for later use, wherein the ultrasonic power is 370W, the vibration frequency is 35kHZ, and the time is 180 s.
The size of the surface to be welded of the base material is 5mm by 5mm, and the chemical components of the base material are as follows: the weight percentage is as follows: c:0.05%, cr:7.1%, co:6.5%, W:5.1%, al:6.2%, ta:6.9%, mo:1.5%, hf:0.15%, B:0.004%, re:2.9% and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
And 2, preparing nickel-based alloy powder solder.
And 3, preparing a soldering flux, wherein the soldering flux comprises ethyl cellulose, terpineol, soybean lecithin, ethyl acetate and 1, 2-propylene glycol, wherein the purity of the terpineol is 95%, and the purity of the rest components is 99.7%. Dispersing the components for 320s by using an ultrasonic vibrator, wherein the ultrasonic power is 320W, the vibration frequency is 35kHZ, and uniformly mixing.
Step 4, after the solder powder and the organic soldering flux are preliminarily mixed in a container, putting the container into an ultrasonic vibrator and a planetary gravity stirrer for uniform mixing, wherein the ultrasonic vibration power is 320W, the vibration frequency is 45kHZ, the vibration time is 300s each time, and the vibration times are 8 times; the stirring speed is 800rpm, the stirring temperature is room temperature, the stirring time is 260s each time, the stirring times are 8 times, and the ultrasonic vibration and the gravity stirring are alternately carried out to prepare the solder paste. The steel screen printing is performed immediately after the solder paste is prepared, so that the performance of the solder paste is prevented from being reduced due to long-time placement.
And 5, printing the solder paste prepared in the step 4 on the surface of the workpieces to be connected on a steel screen printing platform by using a steel screen with the thickness of 100 mu m, printing a layer of solder paste between every two workpieces to be connected, and then bonding the surfaces of the two workpieces coated with the solder paste to form a sandwich structure formed by bonding the workpieces, namely the solder paste and the workpieces, as shown in figure 1.
And 6, placing the steel screen printed workpiece in the step 5 in a high-temperature furnace for glue discharging treatment, heating to 100 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min for 120min, heating to 200 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min for 120min, heating to 300 ℃ at the temperature rising rate of 10 ℃/min for 90min, cooling to the room temperature along with the furnace at the temperature rising rate of 8 ℃/min, and basically volatilizing the soldering flux.
And 7, welding and repairing the workpiece through transient liquid phase diffusion welding, placing the workpiece to be welded after the glue discharging treatment in the step 6 in a vacuum high-temperature furnace, and fixing the workpiece through a ceramic clamp to prevent the workpiece from sliding in the welding flux melting process.
Welding with vacuum high temperature furnace, and extracting vacuum environment with vacuum degree of 2×10 -3 The process of the instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding under the MPa is that the temperature is increased to 600 ℃ at the room temperature at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, the temperature stays for 20min, the temperature is increased to 1260 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1 hour, and then the temperature is cooled along with the furnace at the rate of 15 ℃/min, so that the repaired single crystal blade workpiece is finally obtained.
The normal-temperature shearing strength of the workpiece welding joint obtained by the steps can reach 650MPa, and the strength requirement of the aircraft engine blade after repair can be met.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with the preferred embodiments, and it is not intended that the invention be limited to the specific embodiments described. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several simple deductions or substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy is characterized in that: the components and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: al:5% -7%, co:6% -7%, cr:10% -16%, ta: 5.9-6.3%, hf:0.1% -0.25%, B:0.8% -1.8%, si:1.3 to 1.8%, and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities.
2. The nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair according to claim 1, wherein: the components and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: al:5% -6%, co:6.0 6% -6% of Cr:13% -16%, ta: 6.0-6.2%, hf:0.12% -0.25%, B:0.9% -1.7%, si:1.3 to 1.7%, and the balance of Ni and unavoidable impurities.
3. The nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the powder is not more than 100 mu m, the D90 is 75-95 mu m, and the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy is spherical or nearly spherical.
4. The method for preparing the nickel-based alloy powder solder for repairing the surface of the nickel-based superalloy according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) proportioning according to the chemical component proportion, preparing nickel-based alloy powder solder by using an electrode induction gas atomization powder preparation device and adopting a vacuum argon atomization mode.
5. A method for repairing the surface of a nickel-based superalloy is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
step S1, polishing a surface to be welded of an alloy workpiece to be connected, cleaning and drying;
step S2, preparing soldering flux;
step S3, uniformly mixing the nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair according to any one of claims 1-3 with a soldering flux to obtain solder paste;
step S4, coating a layer of solder paste on the surface to be welded of the alloy workpieces to be connected, and then bonding the surfaces of the workpieces coated with the solder paste to form a workpiece-solder paste-workpiece bonded sandwich structure;
s5, performing glue discharging treatment, and volatilizing the soldering flux;
and S6, welding the alloy workpieces to be connected which are subjected to glue discharging treatment through instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding.
6. The method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S2, the ingredients of the soldering flux comprise ethyl cellulose, terpineol, soybean lecithin, ethyl acetate and 1, 2-propylene glycol, and the components are uniformly dispersed and mixed by adopting ultrasonic waves.
7. The method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S3, after preliminary mixing of nickel-based alloy powder solder for nickel-based superalloy surface repair and soldering flux, placing the nickel-based alloy powder solder and soldering flux into an ultrasonic vibrator and a planetary gravity stirrer for uniform mixing, wherein the ultrasonic vibration power is 320-380W, the vibration frequency is 35-45 kHZ, and the vibration time is 260-340S each time, and the total time is 2-8 times; the stirring speed is 700-1900 rpm, the stirring time is 260-340 s each time, the stirring temperature is room temperature, the stirring is 2-8 times, and the ultrasonic vibration and the gravity stirring are alternately carried out to prepare the solder paste.
8. The method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: in step S5, the following process is adopted to perform the glue discharging treatment: and (3) heating to 90-110 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, heating to 190-210 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, then heating to 290-310 ℃ at the temperature of 2-20 ℃/min for heat preservation for 70-120 min, and finally cooling to the room temperature along with a furnace at the speed of 5-20 ℃/min, thereby volatilizing the soldering flux.
9. The method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: in the step S4, the brushing area of the solder paste accounts for 30% -40% of the contact area between the workpieces.
10. The method for repairing a nickel-base superalloy surface according to claim 5, wherein: in step S6, welding is carried out by using a vacuum high-temperature furnace, a vacuum environment is firstly extracted, and the vacuum degree during welding is 8-10 -4 MPa~2*10 -3 The process of the instantaneous liquid phase diffusion welding under the MPa is that the temperature is increased to 590-610 ℃ at the room temperature at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature stays for 15-30 min, residual organic matters are removed completely, the temperature is increased to 1240-1280 ℃ at the heating rate of 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1.5-4 hours, and then the furnace is cooled at the speed of 5-15 ℃/min.
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