CN114871452A - 3D printing method of bimetallic material - Google Patents
3D printing method of bimetallic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114871452A CN114871452A CN202210485114.4A CN202210485114A CN114871452A CN 114871452 A CN114871452 A CN 114871452A CN 202210485114 A CN202210485114 A CN 202210485114A CN 114871452 A CN114871452 A CN 114871452A
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
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- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing method of a bimetallic material, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing-selective laser melting manufacturing. The invention provides a 3D printing process method capable of obtaining a bimetallic material with good interface combination. By selecting different laser power, scanning speed, channel spacing and laser energy density, the influence of different process parameters on the printing quality of the alloy and the quality of interface combination between the alloys is explored, and therefore the 3D printing process for the bimetallic material with complex shape and small size is obtained. Meanwhile, the bimetallic material prepared by the process has high density, good metallographic structure quality, good mechanical property and good interface combination, and can be used for preparing the microstructure of a mechanical metamaterial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a 3D printing method of a bimetallic material, and belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing-selective laser melting manufacturing.
Background
3D printing is a technology for manufacturing a three-dimensional product by adding materials layer by layer through a 3D printing device according to a designed 3D model. The layer-by-layer accumulation forming technology is also called additive manufacturing, and 3D printing integrates the leading-edge technologies of a plurality of fields such as a digital modeling technology, an electromechanical control technology, an information technology, material science, chemistry and the like, and is one of the rapid forming technologies.
Compared with the traditional manufacturing technology, the 3D printing does not need to manufacture a mould in advance, does not need to remove a large amount of materials in the manufacturing process, and can obtain a final product without a complex forging process, so that the structure optimization, the material saving and the energy saving can be realized in production. The 3D printing technology is suitable for new product development, rapid single-piece and small-batch part manufacturing, manufacturing of parts with complex shapes, design and manufacturing of molds and the like.
The high thermal expansion alloy and the low thermal expansion alloy can be simultaneously used for preparing microstructures and composite materials of mechanical metamaterials, the microstructures are complex in shape and fine in structure, the change of different materials causes the insufficient bonding strength of corresponding welding seams, different materials can generate different expansion deformation when the temperature changes, and further requirements are provided for the bonding strength of the welding seams. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a 3D printing process method capable of obtaining a bimetal material with good interface bonding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 3D printing method of a bimetallic material, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of 3D printing of a bi-metallic material, the method comprising the steps of:
printing and forming high-thermal-expansion alloy metal powder by adopting a selective laser melting technology to obtain a high-thermal-expansion alloy forming sample;
and step two, printing and forming low-thermal expansion alloy metal powder on a high-thermal expansion alloy forming sample by adopting a selective laser melting technology to obtain an integrated bimetallic material.
Further, the high thermal expansion alloy powder is Ni22Cr3 powder or Ni19Mn7 powder.
More particularly, the alloy powder has a particle size of 15 to 53 μm.
Further limited, the preparation process of the alloy powder comprises the following steps: the ingot is prepared by a vacuum induction melting mode, the metal powder is prepared by adopting a plasma rotating electrode atomization powder preparation process, the sphericity of the powder is better, special-shaped powder and satellite powder are basically not generated, and the surface of the powder is smooth.
More specifically, the Ni22Cr3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 3.05%, Ni: 22.07%, Mn: 0.087%, Cr: 3.05%, Si: 0.013%, and the balance Fe.
Further defined, the low thermal expansion alloy powder is 4J36 or 4J 32.
More specifically, the 4J36 powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.0078%, Ni: 35.25%, Mn: 0.217%, Si: 0.097% and the balance Fe.
Further limit, the single-layer printing thickness in the printing and forming process of the first step and the second step is 0.04 mm.
Further limiting, the laser energy density in the printing and forming process of the first step and the second step is 43.561-69.444J/mm 3 。
Further limiting, the printing parameters in the step of printing and forming are as follows: the laser power is 200-.
Further, the printing parameters in the step of printing and forming are as follows: laser power 230W, track pitch 0.09mm, and scan rate 1100 mm/s.
Further limiting, the printing parameters in the printing and forming process in the step two are as follows: laser power 200W, track pitch 0.08mm, and scan rate 900 mm/s.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the influence of different process parameters on the printing quality of the alloy and the quality of interface combination between the alloys is explored by selecting different laser power, scanning speed, channel spacing and laser energy density, so that the 3D printing process for the bimetallic material with a complicated shape and a small size is obtained. Meanwhile, the bimetallic material prepared by the process has high density, good metallographic structure quality, good mechanical property and good interface combination, and can be used for preparing the microstructure of a mechanical metamaterial.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph (500X) of Ni22Cr3 alloy powder;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph (500X) of 4J36 alloy powder;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different track spacings on the compactness of a Ni22Cr3 alloy;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic picture of Ni22Cr3 prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is an XRD pattern of Ni22Cr3 prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a metallographic picture of Ni22Cr3 prepared in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a photograph of metallographic structure of 4J36 prepared in example 3;
FIG. 8 is an XRD pattern of 4J36 prepared in example 3;
FIG. 9 is a multi-specimen tensile curve of 4J36 prepared in example 3;
FIG. 10 is an SEM photograph of the interface of the 4J36/Ni22Cr3 bimetal prepared in example 4;
FIG. 11 is a pictorial view of a 4J36/Ni22Cr3 bi-metal bonding test bar prepared in example 5.
Detailed Description
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
(1) selecting Ni22Cr3 powder to prepare high thermal expansion alloy:
the Ni22Cr3 powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 3.05%, Ni: 22.07%, Mn: 0.087%, Cr: 3.05%, Si: 0.013%, and the balance Fe. The grain diameter of the Ni22Cr3 powder is 15-53 mu m, and the microstructure of the Ni22Cr3 is characterized, and the result is shown in figure 1, the sphericity of the powder is better, the powder is basically free of special-shaped powder and satellite powder, and the surface of the powder is smooth.
(2) The method comprises the following steps of printing and forming Ni22Cr3 powder by adopting a laser selective melting technology to obtain a Ni22Cr3 alloy forming sample, wherein the specific printing parameters are as follows: laser power 200W, track pitch 0.08mm, scanning rate 900mm/s, laser energy density 69.444J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04 mm.
The metallographic structure of the formed sample is shown in figure 4, and as can be seen from figure 4, the metallographic structure has good surface quality, is smooth, has no defects such as obvious holes, cracks and the like, and has high density.
The tissue structure of the formed sample is tested, and the operation flow is as follows: firstly, a formed sample is ultrasonically oscillated and cleaned for 10min in an acetone solution, a Pasnake Empyrean type X-ray diffractometer (Cu target) is used for carrying out phase-to-structure analysis, the step length is 0.02 degrees, the scanning range is 20-10 degrees, the test result is shown in figure 5, and the diffraction peak is calibrated to find that the SLM deposition state tissue of the Ni22Cr3 alloy formed sample is a two-phase tissue.
Example 2:
the difference between this example and example 1 is: the printing parameters are set as: laser power 230W, track pitch 0.12mm, scanning rate 1100mm/s, laser energy density 43.561J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04 mm. The metallographic structure of the formed sample is shown in fig. 6, the surface structure is smooth, the cracks are few, and the density is 99.988%.
The mechanical properties of the formed sample are tested, and the result is as follows: the micro Vickers hardness is HV200.9, the tensile strength is 640.24MPa, the yield strength is 386.55MPa, and the elongation is 26.75%.
Example 3:
(1) 4J36 powder is selected to prepare low thermal expansion alloy:
4J36 powder, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.0078%, Ni: 35.25%, Mn: 0.217%, Si: 0.097% and the balance Fe. The grain diameter of the 4J36 powder is 15-53 mu m, and the microstructure of the 4J36 is characterized, and the result is shown in figure 2, the sphericity of the powder is better, the powder is basically free of irregular powder and satellite powder, and the surface of the powder is smooth.
(2) Printing and forming 4J36 powder by adopting a selective laser melting technology to obtain a 4J36 alloy forming sample, wherein the specific printing parameters are as follows: laser power of 200W, track spacing of 0.08mm, scanning rate of 900mm/s, laser energy density of 69.444J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04 mm.
As shown in FIG. 7, the metallographic structure of the molded sample was as smooth as possible, with fewer cracks and a density of 99.988%, as shown in FIG. 7.
The structural structure of the formed sample is tested, the operation flow is the same as that of the example 1, the test result is shown in figure 8, and the SLM deposition state structure of the 4J36 alloy is a single-phase austenite structure.
3 formed samples (respectively named 4J36-1#, 4J36-2#, and 4J36-3#) are prepared and subjected to mechanical property test, and the results are shown in FIG. 9, wherein the tensile strengths of 4J36-1#, 4J36-2#, and 4J36-3# are 445.62MPa, 452.02MPa, and 448.76MPa, the yield strengths are 285.76MPa, 284.17MPa, and 271.17MPa, and the elongations are 27.15%, 31.57%, and 29.39%, so that the forming result is ideal, and the mechanical property fluctuation among different samples is small.
Example 4:
the interface bonding of 4J36 and Ni22Cr3 bimetal is carried out by adopting a segmented forming mode:
(1) printing and forming a 4J36 alloy forming sample by adopting a selective laser melting technology; the specific 4J36 powder was the same as in example 3, with the printing parameters: laser power 200W, track pitch 0.08mm, scanning rate 900mm/s, laser energy density 69.444J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04 mm.
(2) On the 4J36 alloy formed sample obtained in the step (1), a Ni22Cr3 alloy formed sample is printed and formed by adopting a laser selective melting technology, and the specific Ni22Cr3 powder is the same as that in the example 1, and the printing parameters are as follows: laser power 230W, track pitch 0.09mm, scanning rate 1100mm/s, laser energy density 69.444J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04mm, and the 4J36/Ni22Cr3 bimetallic material is obtained.
The microstructure characterization of the joint of the 4J36 and the Ni22Cr3 interface of the 4J36/Ni22Cr3 bimetallic material is performed, and as a result, as shown in fig. 10, a molten pool and columnar crystals can be observed, the columnar crystals grow along the temperature gradient direction of the molten pool, the interior of the columnar crystals is composed of cellular crystals, and a bonding interface cannot be observed in an enlarged tissue morphology picture, so that it can be known that the two materials have completely reached metallurgical bonding and the interface is dense.
Example 5:
printing was performed on a 4J36/Ni22Cr3 bonded test bar by means of segmented molding, the printing parameters were set to the same values as in example 4, to obtain a cylindrical test bar having a diameter of 13mm and a height of 74mm as shown in FIG. 11(a), and the cylindrical test bar was processed into a mechanical property test specimen as shown in FIG. 11 (b).
The mechanical property test is carried out, 3 groups of parallel samples are adopted for testing, the tensile strength is 443.64MPa, 445.35MPa and 442.48MPa, the yield strength is 341.12MPa, 363.34MPa and 375.26MPa, the tensile strain is 24.19%, 24.14% and 24.15%, so that the forming result is ideal, and the mechanical property fluctuation among different samples is small.
Example 6:
the influence of different track pitches on the density of the Ni22Cr3 alloy is discussed, and 0.06mm, 0.08mm, 0.1 mm and 0.12mm are respectively selected as track pitches; the laser power is respectively 200W, 230W, 260W and 290W; the scanning speed is 900mm/s, 1000mm/s and 1100mm/s respectively; laser energy density 69.444J/mm 3 The single-layer printing thickness is 0.04mm, and the density of the obtained sample is tested, and the result is shown in fig. 3, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the influence of the distance on the density of the sample is not obvious.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of 3D printing of a bi-metallic material, the method comprising the steps of:
printing and forming high thermal expansion alloy metal powder by adopting a selective laser melting technology to obtain a high thermal expansion alloy forming sample;
and step two, printing and forming low-thermal expansion alloy metal powder on a high-thermal expansion alloy forming sample by adopting a selective laser melting technology to obtain an integrated bimetallic material.
2. The 3D printing method of a bimetal according to claim 1, wherein the high thermal expansion alloy powder is Ni22Cr3 powder or Ni19Mn7 powder, and the particle size of the powder is 15-53 μm.
3. The 3D printing method of bimetallic material as in claim 2, wherein the Ni22Cr3 powder comprises, in weight percent: c: 3.05%, Ni: 22.07%, Mn: 0.087%, Cr: 3.05%, Si: 0.013%, and the balance Fe.
4. The method for 3D printing of bimetallic material as in claim 1, wherein the low thermal expansion alloy powder is 4J36 or 4J 32.
5. The 3D printing method of the bimetallic material as in claim 4, wherein the 4J36 powder comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.0078%, Ni: 35.25%, Mn: 0.217%, Si: 0.097% and the balance Fe.
6. The 3D printing method for bimetallic material as in claim 1, wherein the single-layer printing thickness in the printing forming process in the first step and the second step is 0.04 mm.
7. The method for 3D printing the bimetal material according to claim 1, wherein the laser energy density in the printing forming process of the first step and the second step is 43.561-69.444J/mm 3 。
8. The 3D printing method for the bimetallic material as in claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in the printing and forming process in the step one are as follows: the laser power is 200-.
9. The 3D printing method for the bimetallic material as in claim 8, wherein the printing parameters in the printing and forming process in the step one are as follows: laser power 230W, track pitch 0.09mm, and scan rate 1100 mm/s.
10. The 3D printing method for the bimetallic material according to claim 1, wherein the printing parameters in the printing and forming process in the second step are as follows: laser power 200W, track pitch 0.08mm, and scan rate 900 mm/s.
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| KR20160003521A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2016-01-11 | 부산대학교 산학협력단 | Manufacturing methods of functionally graded objects Induced by Direct Laser Melting of Compositionally Selected Metallic Powders and freedom in 3D design |
| CN110405204A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-11-05 | 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 | The preparation method of dissimilar metal components |
| CN109530697A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-03-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | A kind of high-strength low-density low bulk iron-nickel alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN110394446A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-11-01 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of connection structure of different metal materials and attaching method thereof |
| CN112775431A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-05-11 | 北京航空航天大学合肥创新研究院 | Laser additive manufacturing method of titanium alloy/stainless steel dissimilar metal component |
| CN113275593A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-08-20 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing porous Ta/Ti-6Al-4V integrated piece by selective laser melting |
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