CN114869442A - Screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction and use method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a screw guider and a using method thereof, the guider comprises an inner guiding piece, an outer guiding piece, a first positioning needle, a second positioning needle, a first guide needle, a second guide needle and a third guide needle, the inner guiding piece comprises a fixing part and a measurer, the measurer comprises a connecting part, a first caliper and a second caliper, one end of the connecting part is connected to the fixing part, the other end is provided with the first caliper and the second caliper, the fixing part is provided with a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove, for the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle to respectively penetrate and be inserted into the junction of the femoral head and neck for fixation, the outer guide piece is provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole, the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin are respectively inserted into the femoral head. The guider can reduce the number of times of perspective, accurately implant hollow screws and meet the requirements of parallelism, edge fitting and inverted triangle.

Description

Screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction and use method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a screw guider for femoral neck fracture open reduction.

Background

Femoral neck fracture is a common frequently-occurring disease, fracture nonunion or femoral head necrosis easily occurs after fracture, although old patients can perform hip joint replacement, young patients usually retain femoral heads as much as possible through closed reduction hollow screw internal fixation treatment. The classic scheme of medical verification by inquiry is that 3 parallel screws distributed in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' are fixed by being attached to the edge of the cortex of the neck bone of the femur. For vertical fractures, transverse screws and medial support plates are required. For example, the two femoral neck fractures are fixed with good mechanical strength and high healing rate, and the probability of femoral head necrosis is greatly reduced. The reduction quality of femoral neck fracture is also a big factor that femoral neck fracture internal fixation treatment succeeds, and the mode that most fractures can restore to the throne through closed traction realizes good restoring, and a small amount of fractures can't restore to the throne through the closed realization, or when needing to place supporting steel plate in the inboard, then need open to restore to the throne, and direct-view fracture end realizes dissecting and restores to the throne.

For the portion of the fracture that requires direct visualization of the fracture end to achieve anatomic reduction, the current products on the market require either additional incisions or extensive fluoroscopy to achieve the surgical plan. In the traditional operation of other parts, excessive perspective is not needed due to the fact that the fracture end is directly viewed during open reduction, but the traditional operation is in a special axial intramedullary fixing mode of femoral neck fracture, and even if the traditional operation is open reduction, a large amount of perspective is needed to determine the good position of a guide pin/screw. Thus, the surgery has the disadvantages of high difficulty, long surgery time, long learning curve, high eye-hand fit, multiple drilling operations on the femur, increased side damage and increased radiation exposure of doctors and patients. The whole fluoroscopy operation has radioactive injury to patients and operators. Even if the operation in fluoroscopy is adopted, the operator can hardly meet the requirements of parallel, cortex lycii edge sticking and inverted triangle arrangement. If the requirement is not met, the problems of unhealed femoral neck and femoral head necrosis easily occur due to poor screw positions.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction, which reduces the number of times of perspective, precisely implants hollow screws, and meets the requirements of parallelism, welting and inverted triangle, thereby improving the quality of reduction and fixation, and reducing the probability of non-healing of femoral neck and femoral head necrosis.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a screw guider for opening reduction of femoral neck fracture, which comprises an inner guiding part, an outer guiding part, a first positioning needle, a second positioning needle, a first guide needle, a second guide needle and a third guide needle, wherein the inner guiding part comprises a fixing part and a measurer, the fixing part is used for being fixed at the position of a rotor intervertex of the femoral neck, the measurer comprises a connecting part, a first caliper and a second caliper, one end of the connecting part is connected to the fixing part, the other end of the connecting part is provided with the first caliper and the second caliper, the connecting part is arranged at the midpoint position of the first caliper and the second caliper, the first caliper and the second caliper can synchronously extend and retract towards the two ends relative to the midpoint position to clamp the upper pole and the lower pole of the femoral neck, so that the width value of the femoral neck is measured, a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the rotor intervertex are formed on the fixing part, so that the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle respectively pass through and are inserted into the junction of the femoral neck for fixation, thereby determining the anteversion angle and the abduction angle from the femoral neck to the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle, the outer guide part is provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole, the outer guide part is respectively sleeved on the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and is positioned at the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning, the outer guide part is provided with a first adjusting hole, a second adjusting hole and a third adjusting hole, the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole are positioned on the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole is vertical to the adjusting direction line of the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole and is positioned at the midpoint position between the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole, so as to select the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole to insert the first guide pin into the femoral head according to the measured width value of the femoral neck, select the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole to insert the second guide pin into the femoral head, and selecting a corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole to insert the third guide pin into the femoral head, wherein the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin are arranged on the outer guide part in an isosceles right triangle shape.

The invention also provides a screw guider for opening reduction of femoral neck fracture, which comprises an inner guiding part, an outer guiding part, a first positioning needle, a second positioning needle, a first guide pin, a second guide pin and a third guide pin, wherein the inner guiding part comprises a fixing part and a measurer, the fixing part is used for being fixed at the position of a rotor intervalline of the femoral neck, the measurer comprises a connecting part, a first caliper and a second caliper, one end of the connecting part is connected to the fixing part, the other end of the connecting part is provided with the first caliper and the second caliper, the connecting part is arranged at the midpoint position of the first caliper and the second caliper, the first caliper and the second caliper can synchronously extend and retract towards the two ends relative to the midpoint position to clamp the upper pole and the lower pole of the femoral neck, a first positioning groove is formed on the fixing part, the central line of the first positioning groove vertically bisects the measurement distance of the first caliper and the second caliper, the first positioning needle passes through the first positioning groove and is inserted into the junction of the femoral neck, to determine the anteversion and abduction angles of the femoral neck to the first locator pin;

the first caliper is vertically connected with a guide sleeve, a second positioning groove perpendicular to the rotor line is formed in the guide sleeve and used for fixing a junction between a second positioning needle and the femoral head and neck in a penetrating mode, so that the anteversion angle and the abduction angle between the femoral neck and the second positioning needle are determined, and the distance between the second positioning needle and a clamping foot of the first caliper is equal to the thickness of the upper cortex;

the outer guide part is provided with a first positioning hole and a second positioning hole, the outer guide part is respectively sleeved on the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning, and the second positioning hole is a strip-shaped adjusting hole for enabling the second positioning needle to have a corresponding moving space when the first caliper and the second caliper adjust the measuring distance;

the outer guide piece is provided with a first adjusting hole, a second adjusting hole and a third adjusting hole, the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole are located on the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole is perpendicular to the adjusting direction lines of the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole and is located at the midpoint position between the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole, the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole is selected according to the position of the second positioning needle to be inserted into the first guide needle to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole is selected to be inserted into the second guide needle to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole is selected to be inserted into the third guide needle to the femoral head, and the first guide needle, the second guide needle and the third guide needle are arranged on the outer guide piece in a right-angled triangle shape.

Furthermore, a fixing groove matched with the rotor space line is formed in one surface of the fixing portion, the fixing groove is perpendicular to the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove, and the fixing portion is clamped on the rotor space line of the femoral neck through the fixing groove.

Furthermore, the inner guide piece also comprises a fixing screw, a fixing hole is formed in the fixing part, and the fixing screw penetrates through the fixing hole and is in threaded connection with the bone.

Furthermore, the inner guide piece also comprises an adjusting screw, a screw hole is formed in one side, opposite to the fixing hole, of the fixing part, the adjusting screw is screwed in the screw hole of the fixing part and abuts against the surface of a bone, and the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin are finely adjusted by screwing in and screwing out.

Furthermore, the caliber also comprises an adjusting gear, the adjusting gear is rotationally connected to the connecting part, racks are arranged at one ends, close to the connecting part, of the first caliper and one end, close to the connecting part, of the second caliper, the two racks are meshed to the two sides of the adjusting gear in parallel, and the first caliper and the second caliper are arranged on the connecting part in a sliding mode.

Furthermore, including the fourth guide pin, lie in first regulation hole, second regulation hole and third regulation hole top on the outer guide and seted up the fourth regulation hole, the fourth regulation hole includes a plurality of hole sites to supply the percutaneous fourth guide pin of putting into to make it parallel to each other on the preceding inclination dimension with first guide pin, second guide pin and third guide pin, the directional first slide caliper rule and the mid point position of second slide caliper rule on abduction angle.

Furthermore, the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin are all Stewart pins, and the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin are all Kirschner pins.

The invention also provides a using method of the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction, which comprises the following steps:

arranging an inner guide part in vivo close to the femoral neck, clamping a fixing part on a trochanter intervallic line of the femoral neck, arranging a measurer at the femoral neck to measure the width of the femoral neck, respectively penetrating a first positioning needle and a second positioning needle through a first positioning groove and a second positioning groove and inserting the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle into a femoral neck junction for fixing, respectively sleeving an outer guide part on the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning, wherein on the axial perspective phase of the femoral neck, a diagonal line is formed between the front side wall of the femoral neck and the trochanter intervallic line, after the first positioning needle is placed tightly close to the trochanter intervallic line, the directions of a first guide pin, a second guide pin and a third guide pin to be placed are determined, the first positioning needle is positioned at the midpoint of a first caliper and a second caliper, calculating the sum of the thickness of the upper cortex and the radius of a hollow screw to be implanted to be a first distance, calculating the sum of the thickness of the lower cortex and the radius of the hollow screw to be implanted as a second distance, and translating the boundary lines of the two sides of the width value of the femoral neck inwards by the first distance and the first distance respectively to obtain the upper and lower distribution positions of the first guide pin and the second guide pin; calculating the thickness of the front cortex and the sum of the radiuses of the hollow screws to be implanted as a third distance, translating the oblique line to the inner side for the third distance to obtain the front and back distribution positions of the first guide pin and the second guide pin, respectively inserting the first guide pin and the second guide pin into the femoral head through the hole positions correspondingly selected by the first adjusting hole and the second adjusting hole, respectively inserting the third guide pin into the femoral head through the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole by taking the connecting line of the first guide pin and the second guide pin as the oblique line, and after the inner guide piece and the outer guide piece are removed, and screwing the hollow screw along the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin respectively.

The invention also provides a using method of the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction, which comprises the following steps:

the inner guide piece is arranged in the body close to the femoral neck, the fixing part is clamped on a rotor interrotor line of the femoral neck, the measurer is arranged at the femoral neck, the first caliper and the second caliper are adjusted to clamp the upper and lower poles of the femoral neck, the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin respectively penetrate through the first positioning groove and the second positioning groove and are inserted into the junction of the femoral neck for fixing, and the outer guide piece is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin through the first positioning hole and the second positioning hole and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning;

the first adjusting hole corresponding to the side edge of the second positioning pin is the hole position corresponding to the first guide pin, the first guide pin penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the first adjusting hole and is inserted into the femoral head, then the hole position corresponding to the first guide pin is symmetrical to the second adjusting hole through the center connecting line of the third adjusting hole and the first positioning hole, the hole position corresponding to the second guide pin is obtained, the second guide pin penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the second adjusting hole and is inserted into the femoral head, the arrangement is carried out according to an isosceles right triangle, the corresponding hole position of the third guide pin in the third adjusting hole is obtained, the third guide pin penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the third adjusting hole and is inserted into the femoral head, and after the inner guide piece and the outer guide piece are disassembled, the hollow screw can be screwed in along the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin respectively.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the screw guider for femoral neck fracture open reduction, the position of the outer guide piece can be determined through the first positioning pin and the second positioning pin on the fixing part of the inner guide piece, the width value of the femoral neck can be measured through the measurer of the inner guide piece, and the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole required to be selected by the first guide pin can be calculated according to the thickness of cortical bone and the radius of the first guide pin; similarly, according to the thickness of the cortical bone and the radius of the second guide pin, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole required to be selected by the second guide pin can be calculated; because first guide pin, second guide pin and third guide pin are isosceles right triangle-shaped and arrange on outer guide to can calculate the corresponding hole site of the third regulation hole that the third guide pin needs to select, demolish interior guide and outer guide, can follow first guide pin, second guide pin and third guide pin respectively and screw in cannulated screw. Therefore, the anatomical characteristics of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanteric line and the like) are utilized, the guiding device which is formed by combining the inner guiding part (in vivo) and the outer guiding part (in vitro) for determining the position and the direction of the femoral neck hollow screw is designed by directly designing the bony mark of the trochanteric line and the femoral distance, the number of times of perspective can be reduced, the hollow screw can be accurately implanted, the requirements of parallelism, welting and inverted triangle are met, the quality of reduction and fixation is improved, and the probability of unhealed femoral neck and femoral head necrosis is reduced.

According to the screw guider for femoral neck fracture open reduction, the position of the outer guide piece can be determined through the first positioning needle and the second positioning needle on the fixing part of the inner guide piece, the position of the second positioning needle corresponds to the first adjusting hole on the side edge, namely the hole position corresponding to the first guide needle, and then the hole position corresponding to the first guide needle is symmetrically arranged to the second adjusting hole through the central connecting line of the third adjusting hole and the first positioning hole, so that the hole position corresponding to the second guide needle is obtained. And arranging according to the isosceles right triangle to obtain the corresponding hole position of the third guide pin in the third adjusting hole. After the inner guide piece and the outer guide piece are removed, the hollow screw can be screwed in along the first guide pin, the second guide pin and the third guide pin respectively. Therefore, the operation is simplified, the anatomical characteristics of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanter line and the like) are utilized, the guiding device which is formed by combining the inner guiding part (in vivo) and the outer guiding part (in vitro) and is used for determining the position and the direction of the femoral neck hollow screw is designed by directly designing the bony mark of the trochanter line and the femoral distance, the number of times of perspective can be reduced, the hollow screw can be accurately implanted, the requirements of parallelism, welting and inverted triangle are met, the quality of reduction and fixation is improved, and the probability of unhealed femoral neck and femoral head necrosis is reduced.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention and advantageous effects thereof will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings, there is shown in the drawings,

FIG. 1 is a reference view showing a state of use of a screw guide according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the outer guide of the screw guide of the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the measuring device of the screw guide according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic axial perspective view of the screw guide of the first embodiment of the present invention shown in the femoral neck after insertion of the guide pin;

FIG. 5 is a reference view showing a state in which a screw guide according to a second embodiment of the present invention is used;

FIG. 6 is a front view of the outer guide of the screw guide of the second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a front view of the measuring device of the screw guide according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic axial perspective view of a screw guide inserted into a guide pin of a second embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate: the inner guide 1, the outer guide 2, the first positioning pin 3, the second positioning pin 4, the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6, the third guide pin 7, the fixing portion 11, the measuring device 12, the connecting portion 121, the first caliper 122, the second caliper 123, the first positioning groove 111, the second positioning groove 112, the first positioning hole 21, the second positioning hole 22, the first adjusting hole 23, the second adjusting hole 24, the third adjusting hole 25, the width a, the diagonal line M, the first distance b, the second distance c, the third distance d, the fixing groove 15, the fixing screw 13, the adjusting screw 14, the adjusting gear 124, the rack 125, the fourth guide pin 8, the fourth adjusting hole 26, and the guide sleeve 120.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present invention, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

First embodiment

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a first embodiment of a screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction includes an inner guide 1, an outer guide 2, a first guide pin 3, a second guide pin 4, a first guide pin 5, a second guide pin 6, and a third guide pin 7. Interior guide 1 includes fixed part 11 and caliber 12, fixed part 11 is used for being fixed in the rotor intervallic line position department of femoral neck, caliber 12 includes connecting portion 121, first slide caliper 122 and second slide caliper 123, connecting portion 121 one end is connected on fixed part 11, first slide caliper 122 of other end installation and second slide caliper 123, connecting portion 121 locates the midpoint position of first slide caliper 122 and second slide caliper 123, first slide caliper 122 and second slide caliper 123 can stretch out and draw back the regulation to the upper and lower two poles of the earth of both ends in step relatively the midpoint position, thereby measure the width value a of femoral neck. The fixing part 11 is formed with a first positioning groove 111 and a second positioning groove 112 which are arranged in parallel and perpendicular to the rotor line, and the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 respectively pass through the first positioning groove 111 and the second positioning groove 112 and are inserted into the femoral neck junction for fixing so as to determine the anteversion angle and the abduction angle of the femoral neck to the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4. The outer guide 2 is provided with a first positioning hole 21 corresponding to the first positioning pin 3 and a second positioning hole 22 corresponding to the second positioning pin 4, and the outer guide 2 is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 through the first positioning hole 21 and the second positioning hole 22 and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning. The outer guide 2 is provided with a first adjusting hole 23, a second adjusting hole 24 and a third adjusting hole 25, the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24 are located on the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole 25 is perpendicular to the adjusting direction lines of the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24 and is located at the midpoint position between the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24, so that the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole 23 is selected to be inserted into the first guide pin 5 to the femoral head according to the measured width value a of the femoral neck, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole 24 is selected to be inserted into the second guide pin 6 to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole 25 is selected to be inserted into the third guide pin 7 to the femoral head, and the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 are arranged in an isosceles right triangle on the outer guide 2.

According to the screw guider for femoral neck fracture open reduction, the position of the outer guide part 2 can be determined through the first positioning needle 3 and the second positioning needle 4 on the fixing part 11 of the inner guide part 1, the width value of the femoral neck can be measured through the measurer 12 of the inner guide part 1, and the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole 23 required to be selected by the first guide pin 5 can be calculated according to the thickness of cortical bone and the radius of the first guide pin 5; similarly, according to the thickness of the cortical bone and the radius of the second guide pin 6, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole 24 required to be selected by the second guide pin 6 can be calculated; as the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 are arranged on the outer guide part 2 in an isosceles right triangle shape, the corresponding hole positions of the third adjusting holes 25 required to be selected by the third guide pin 7 can be calculated, and after the inner guide part 1 and the outer guide part 2 are disassembled, the hollow screws can be screwed in along the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 respectively. Therefore, the anatomical characteristics of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanteric line and the like) are utilized, the guiding device which is formed by combining the inner guiding part 1 (in vivo) and the outer guiding part 2 (in vitro) and used for determining the position and the direction of the femoral neck hollow screw is designed on the bony mark of the trochanteric line and the femoral distance directly, the number of times of perspective can be reduced, the hollow screw can be implanted accurately, the requirements of parallelism, welting and inverted triangle are met, the quality of reduction and fixation is improved, and the probability of unhealed femoral neck and femoral head necrosis is reduced.

The invention also provides a using method of the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction, which comprises the following steps: the direct anterior approach (DAA approach) is performed in an operation, a hip joint capsule is exposed between a rectus femoris muscle and a vastus latus muscle through the approach between a sartorius muscle and a tensor fasciae latae muscle, a trochanter interrotor line and a femoral neck are exposed after the T-shaped incision of the hip joint capsule in the front of the hip joint, and the femoral neck is restored through a series of methods such as prying traction and then is temporarily fixed with a kirschner wire for femoral neck fracture. Then, the screw guide of the present invention is used, the inner guide 1 is disposed in the body near the femoral neck, the fixing portion 11 is fixed on the trochanter midline of the femoral neck, the measuring device 12 is disposed at the femoral neck, and the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 are adjusted to clamp the upper and lower poles of the femoral neck, so as to measure the width a of the femoral neck. The first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 respectively pass through the first positioning slot 111 and the second positioning slot 112 and are inserted into the femoral neck junction for fixation, and the outer guide 2 is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 through the first positioning hole 21 and the second positioning hole 22 and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning. According to the anatomical features and specific parameters of the femoral neck part, on the axial perspective of the femoral neck, an oblique line M is formed between the anterior side wall of the femoral neck and the trochanter line, after the first positioning pin 3 is placed tightly close to the trochanter line, the directions (the anteversion angle and the abduction angle) of the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 to be placed are determined, the width value a of the femoral neck is read by the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, the first positioning pin 3 is positioned at the midpoint position of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, the thickness of the upper cortex (refer to related documents: the application dissection of femoral distance at the 6 th rolling stage of 2001 and the like) and the radius of the hollow screw to be implanted are calculated as a first distance b, the sum of the thickness of the lower cortex (refer to related documents) and the radius of the hollow screw to be implanted is calculated as a second distance c, the two sides of the width value a of the femoral neck are respectively translated by the first distance b and the first distance c, the up-and-down distribution positions of the first guide pin 5 and the second guide pin 6 are obtained; calculating the thickness of the anterior cortex (refer to relevant documents) and the sum of the radii of the hollow screws to be implanted as a third distance d, translating the oblique line M to the inner side by the third distance d to obtain the anteroposterior distribution positions (relative to the oblique line M) of the first guide pin 5 and the second guide pin 6, respectively setting two intersection points formed by two boundary lines of the width value a of the translated femoral neck and the translated oblique line M as hole positions correspondingly selected by the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24, and then respectively inserting the first guide pin 5 and the second guide pin 6 into the femoral head through the hole positions correspondingly selected by the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24. Because first guide pin 5, second guide pin 6 and third guide pin 7 are isosceles right triangle and arrange to regard first guide pin 5 and 6 lines of second guide pin as the hypotenuse, calculate the hole site that third guide pin 7 corresponds the third regulation hole 25 of selecting, pass the corresponding hole site of third regulation hole 25 with third guide pin 7 and insert in the femoral head. After the inner guide piece 1 and the outer guide piece 2 are removed, the hollow screws are screwed along the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 respectively.

In this embodiment, a fixing groove 15 matching with the rotor line is formed on one surface of the fixing portion 11, and the fixing groove 15 is perpendicular to the first positioning groove 111 and the second positioning groove 112. The fixing portion 11 is fastened to the trochanter line of the femoral neck by a fixing groove 15. Thus, the anatomical features of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanteric line, etc.) are fully utilized, and the positioning operation of the fixing part 11 is facilitated. In order to fix the fixing portion 11 at the intertrochanteric line of the femoral neck, the inner guide 1 further includes a fixing screw 13, a fixing hole is formed in the fixing portion 11, and the fixing screw 13 penetrates through the fixing hole and is screwed into the bone. In order to adjust the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4, the inner guide 1 further comprises an adjusting screw 14, a screw hole is formed in one side, opposite to the fixing hole, of the fixing portion 11, the adjusting screw 14 is screwed in the screw hole of the fixing portion 11 and abuts against the surface of a bone, and the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 are finely adjusted by screwing in and screwing out.

In this embodiment, the measuring device 12 further includes an adjusting gear 124, the adjusting gear 124 is rotatably connected to the connecting portion 121, the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 have racks 125 at ends thereof close to the connecting portion 121, the two racks 125 are engaged with two sides of the adjusting gear 124 in parallel, the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 are slidably disposed on the connecting portion 121, and the adjusting gear 124 is screwed to drive the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 to adjust a measurement distance, that is, a distance between a clamping foot of the first caliper 122 at an end away from the connecting portion 121 and a clamping foot of the second caliper 123 at an end away from the connecting portion 121. In order to read the width a of the femoral neck conveniently, the scale value is set on the upper surface of the first caliper 122 located on the upper layer, and twice the scale value pointed by the pointer located at the center of the connecting part 121 is the width of the femoral neck.

In this embodiment, the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction provided by the present invention further includes a fourth guide pin 8, a fourth adjusting hole 26 is disposed on the outer guide 2 above the first adjusting hole 23, the second adjusting hole 24 and the third adjusting hole 25, the fourth adjusting hole 26 includes a plurality of hole locations, so that the fourth guide pin 8 is inserted percutaneously to be parallel to the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 in the forward inclination dimension, and points to the midpoint position of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 in the abduction angle. The fourth lead 8 can be estimated by naked eyes from the midpoint of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123. The hollow screw is sleeved in through the fourth guide pin 8 to connect the fracture part of the neck of femur so as to further enhance the reinforcing strength of the fracture part of the neck of femur.

In this embodiment, the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 are all schanz pins with a diameter of 3mm, and the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 are all kirschner pins with a diameter of 2.5 mm.

Second embodiment

Referring to fig. 5 to fig. 8, the main difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is: the second positioning pin 4 of the screw guide of the first embodiment is fixed in the second positioning slot 112 of the fixing portion 11, while the second positioning pin 4 of the screw guide of the second embodiment is fixed on the first caliper 122, and the distance between the clamping foot of the first caliper 122 and the second positioning pin 4 is the thickness of the upper cortex, and the second positioning slot 112 is an elongated adjusting hole for allowing the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 to adjust the measurement distance so that the second positioning pin 4 has a corresponding movement space. The first positioning pin 3 is located at the midpoint of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123. Therefore, the hole positions corresponding to the first adjusting hole 23, the second adjusting hole 24 and the third adjusting hole 25 are calculated without reading the width value of the femoral neck, and when the upper and lower poles of the femoral neck are clamped by the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, the hole position of the first adjusting hole 23 corresponding to the side edge of the second positioning pin 4 is the hole position selected by the first guide pin 5, so that the operation is further simplified.

The screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction provided by the second embodiment comprises an inner guide part 1, an outer guide part 2, a first positioning needle 3, a second positioning needle 4, a first guide needle 5, a second guide needle 6 and a third guide needle 7. The inner guide member 1 comprises a fixing portion 11 and a measuring device 12, the fixing portion 11 is used for being fixed at the position of a rotor interval line of the femoral neck, the measuring device 12 comprises a connecting portion 121, a first caliper 122 and a second caliper 123, one end of the connecting portion 121 is connected to the fixing portion 11, the other end of the connecting portion 121 is provided with the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, the connecting portion 121 is arranged at the middle point position of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, and the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 can synchronously stretch and retract to two ends relative to the middle point position to adjust the upper pole and the lower pole of the femoral neck in a clamping mode. The fixing portion 11 is formed with a first positioning groove 111, a central line of the first positioning groove 111 vertically bisects a measurement distance between the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123, and the first positioning pin 3 passes through the first positioning groove 111 and is inserted into a femoral head-neck junction for fixing, so as to determine an anteversion angle and an abduction angle from a femoral neck to the first positioning pin 3.

The first caliper 122 is vertically connected with a guide sleeve 120, and the guide sleeve 120 is internally provided with a second positioning slot 112 perpendicular to the rotor line, so as to be fixed at the junction of the second positioning pin 4 penetrating into the femoral neck, thereby determining the anteversion angle and the abduction angle of the femoral neck to the second positioning pin 4. The distance between the second positioning pin 4 and the blocking foot of the first caliper 122 is equal to the thickness of the upper cortex.

The outer guide 2 is provided with a first positioning hole 21 corresponding to the first positioning pin 3 and a second positioning hole 22 corresponding to the second positioning pin 4, and the outer guide 2 is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 through the first positioning hole 21 and the second positioning hole 22 and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning. The second positioning hole 22 is an elongated adjusting hole for allowing the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 to adjust the measurement distance, so that the second positioning pin 4 has a corresponding movement space. A first adjusting hole 23, a second adjusting hole 24 and a third adjusting hole 25 are formed in the outer guide 2, the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24 are located on the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole 25 is perpendicular to the adjusting direction lines of the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24 and is located at the midpoint position between the first adjusting hole 23 and the second adjusting hole 24, so that the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole 23 is selected to be inserted into the first guide pin 5 to the femoral head according to the position of the second positioning pin 4, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole 24 is selected to be inserted into the second guide pin 6 to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole 25 is selected to be inserted into the third guide pin 7 to the femoral head, and the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 are arranged in an isosceles right triangle on the outer guide 2.

According to the screw guider for femoral neck fracture open reduction, the position of the outer guide part 2 can be determined through the first positioning needle 3 and the second positioning needle 4 on the fixing part 11 of the inner guide part 1, the position of the second positioning needle 4 is corresponding to the first adjusting hole 23 on the side edge to be the hole position corresponding to the first guide needle 5, then the hole position corresponding to the first guide needle 5 is symmetrically connected to the second adjusting hole 24 through the central connecting line of the third adjusting hole 25 and the first positioning hole 21, and the hole position corresponding to the second guide needle 6 is obtained. And arranging according to an isosceles right triangle to obtain a corresponding hole position of the third guide pin 7 in the third adjusting hole 25. After the inner guide piece 1 and the outer guide piece 2 are removed, the hollow screw can be screwed along the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 respectively. Therefore, the operation is simplified, the anatomical characteristics of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanter line and the like) are utilized, the guiding device which is formed by combining the inner guiding part 1 (in vivo) and the outer guiding part 2 (in vitro) and used for determining the position and the direction of the femoral neck hollow screw is designed directly on the bony mark of the trochanter line and the femoral distance, the number of times of perspective can be reduced, the hollow screw can be accurately implanted, the requirements of parallelism, welting and inverted triangle are met, the quality of reduction and fixation is improved, and the probability of unhealed femoral neck and femoral head necrosis is reduced.

The invention also provides a using method of the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction, which comprises the following steps: the direct anterior approach (DAA approach) is performed in an operation, a hip joint capsule is exposed between a rectus femoris muscle and a vastus latus muscle through the approach between a sartorius muscle and a tensor fasciae latae muscle, a trochanter interrotor line and a femoral neck are exposed after the T-shaped incision of the hip joint capsule in the front of the hip joint, and the femoral neck is restored through a series of methods such as prying traction and then is temporarily fixed with a kirschner wire for femoral neck fracture. Then, the screw guide of the present invention is used to place the inner guide 1 in the body near the femoral neck, fix the fixing part 11 on the trochanter interrotor line of the femoral neck, place the measuring device 12 on the femoral neck, and adjust the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 to fix the upper and lower poles of the femoral neck. The first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 respectively pass through the first positioning slot 111 and the second positioning slot 112 and are inserted into the femoral neck junction for fixation, and the outer guide 2 is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 through the first positioning hole 21 and the second positioning hole 22 and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning.

The first adjusting hole 23 corresponding to the position of the second positioning pin 4 on the side edge is a hole position corresponding to the first guide pin 5, and the first guide pin 5 passes through the hole position corresponding to the first adjusting hole 23 and is inserted into the femoral head. And then, the hole position corresponding to the first guide pin 5 is symmetrically arranged to the second adjusting hole 24 by the central connecting line of the third adjusting hole 25 and the first positioning hole 21, so that a hole position corresponding to the second guide pin 6 is obtained, and the second guide pin 6 passes through the hole position corresponding to the second adjusting hole 24 and is inserted into the femoral head. And arranging according to an isosceles right triangle to obtain a corresponding hole position of the third guide pin 7 in the third adjusting hole 25. The third guide pin 7 is inserted through the hole position corresponding to the third adjusting hole 25 and into the femoral head. After the inner guide piece 1 and the outer guide piece 2 are removed, the hollow screw can be screwed along the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 respectively.

In this embodiment, a fixing groove 15 matching with the rotor line is formed on one surface of the fixing portion 11, and the fixing groove 15 is perpendicular to the first positioning groove 111 and the second positioning groove 112. The fixing portion 11 is fastened to the trochanter line of the femoral neck by a fixing groove 15. Thus, the anatomical features of the proximal femur (femoral neck-femoral-trochanteric line, etc.) are fully utilized, and the positioning operation of the fixing part 11 is facilitated. In order to fix the fixing portion 11 at the intertrochanteric line of the femoral neck, the inner guide 1 further includes a fixing screw 13, a fixing hole is formed in the fixing portion 11, and the fixing screw 13 penetrates through the fixing hole and is screwed into the bone. In order to adjust the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4, the inner guide member 1 further comprises an adjusting screw 14, a screw hole is formed in one side of the fixing portion 11, which is opposite to the fixing hole, the adjusting screw 14 is screwed into the screw hole of the fixing portion 11 and abuts against the surface of a bone, and the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 are finely adjusted by screwing in and screwing out.

In this embodiment, the measuring device 12 further includes an adjusting gear 124, the adjusting gear 124 is rotatably connected to the connecting portion 121, the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 have racks 125 at ends thereof close to the connecting portion 121, the two racks 125 are engaged with two sides of the adjusting gear 124 in parallel, the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 are slidably disposed on the connecting portion 121, and the adjusting gear 124 is screwed to drive the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 to adjust a measurement distance, that is, a distance between a clamping foot of the first caliper 122 at an end away from the connecting portion 121 and a clamping foot of the second caliper 123 at an end away from the connecting portion 121.

In this embodiment, the screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction provided by the present invention further includes a fourth guide pin 8, a fourth adjusting hole 26 is disposed on the outer guide 2 above the first adjusting hole 23, the second adjusting hole 24 and the third adjusting hole 25, the fourth adjusting hole 26 includes a plurality of hole locations, so that the fourth guide pin 8 is inserted percutaneously to be parallel to the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 in the forward inclination dimension, and points to the midpoint position of the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 in the abduction angle. The fourth lead 8 can estimate the midpoint position of the aiming direction to the first caliper 122 and the second caliper 123 according to the naked eye. The hollow screw is sleeved in through the fourth guide pin 8 to connect the fracture part of the neck of femur so as to further enhance the reinforcing strength of the fracture part of the neck of femur.

In this embodiment, the first positioning pin 3 and the second positioning pin 4 are all schanz pins with a diameter of 3mm, and the first guide pin 5, the second guide pin 6 and the third guide pin 7 are all kirschner pins with a diameter of 2.5 mm.

The embodiments in the present description are all described in a progressive manner, and some of the embodiments are mainly described as different from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying importance; the words "bottom" and "top", "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, a particular component geometry.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the communication may be direct, indirect via an intermediate medium, or internal to both elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A screw guider for opening reduction of femoral neck fracture is characterized by comprising an inner guide part (1), an outer guide part (2), a first positioning pin (3), a second positioning pin (4), a first guide pin (5), a second guide pin (6) and a third guide pin (7), wherein the inner guide part (1) comprises a fixing part (11) and a measuring device (12), the fixing part (11) is used for being fixed at the position of a rotor interrotor line of the femoral neck, the measuring device (12) comprises a connecting part (121), a first caliper (122) and a second caliper (123), one end of the connecting part (121) is connected onto the fixing part (11), the other end of the connecting part is provided with the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), the connecting part (121) is arranged at the positions of the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) can synchronously extend and retract towards the two ends relative to the middle position to clamp the upper and the lower poles of the femoral neck, thereby measuring the width value (a) of the femoral neck, a first positioning groove (111) and a second positioning groove (112) which are arranged in parallel and are vertical to the rotor line are formed on the fixing part (11) for the first positioning needle (3) and the second positioning needle (4) to respectively penetrate through and be inserted into the junction of the femoral neck and the neck for fixing, thereby determining the anteversion angle and the abduction angle of the femoral neck to the first positioning needle (3) and the second positioning needle (4), a first positioning hole (21) and a second positioning hole (22) are formed on the outer guide (2), the outer guide (2) is respectively sleeved on the first positioning needle (3) and the second positioning needle (4) through the first positioning hole (21) and the second positioning hole (22) and is positioned at the outer side of the femoral neck for realizing positioning, a first adjusting hole (23), a second adjusting hole (24) and a third adjusting hole (25) are formed on the outer guide (2), the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24) are located in the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole (25) is perpendicular to the adjusting direction line of the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24) and is located at the middle point position between the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24), so that according to the measured width value (a) of the femoral neck, the corresponding hole position of the first adjusting hole (23) is selected to be inserted into the first guide pin (5) to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the second adjusting hole (24) is selected to be inserted into the second guide pin (6) to the femoral head, the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole (25) is selected to be inserted into the third guide pin (7) to the femoral head, and the first guide pin (5), the second guide pin (6) and the third guide pin (7) are arranged in a right-angled triangle on the outer guide piece (2).

2. A screw guider for opening reduction of femoral neck fracture is characterized by comprising an inner guide part (1), an outer guide part (2), a first positioning pin (3), a second positioning pin (4), a first guide pin (5), a second guide pin (6) and a third guide pin (7), wherein the inner guide part (1) comprises a fixing part (11) and a measuring device (12), the fixing part (11) is used for being fixed at the position of a rotor interrotor line of the femoral neck, the measuring device (12) comprises a connecting part (121), a first caliper (122) and a second caliper (123), one end of the connecting part (121) is connected onto the fixing part (11), the other end of the connecting part is provided with the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), the connecting part (121) is arranged at the positions of the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) can synchronously extend and retract towards the two ends relative to the middle position to clamp the upper and the lower poles of the femoral neck, a first positioning groove (111) is formed in the fixing part (11), the central line of the first positioning groove (111) vertically bisects the measurement distance between the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), and the first positioning pin (3) penetrates through the first positioning groove (111) and is inserted into the femoral head-neck junction for fixing so as to determine the anteversion angle and the abduction angle from the femoral neck to the first positioning pin (3);

the first caliper (122) is vertically connected with a guide sleeve (120), a second positioning groove (112) perpendicular to a rotor line is formed in the guide sleeve (120) and used for fixing a junction of a second positioning pin (4) penetrating into the femoral head and neck, so that a forward rake angle and an abduction angle from the femoral neck to the second positioning pin (4) are determined, and the distance between the second positioning pin (4) and a clamping foot of the first caliper (122) is equal to the thickness of the upper cortex;

the outer guide piece (2) is provided with a first positioning hole (21) and a second positioning hole (22), the outer guide piece (2) is respectively sleeved on the first positioning pin (3) and the second positioning pin (4) through the first positioning hole (21) and the second positioning hole (22) and is positioned on the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning, and the second positioning hole (22) is a strip-shaped adjusting hole for enabling the second positioning pin (4) to have a corresponding moving space when the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) adjust the measuring distance;

the outer guide piece (2) is provided with a first adjusting hole (23), a second adjusting hole (24) and a third adjusting hole (25), the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24) are positioned on the same adjusting direction line and extend, the adjusting direction line of the third adjusting hole (25) is vertical to the adjusting direction line of the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24) and is positioned at the midpoint position between the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24), insert first guide pin (5) to the femoral head in order to select the corresponding hole site of first regulation hole (23) according to the position of second pilot pin (4), select the corresponding hole site of second regulation hole (24) to insert in second guide pin (6) to the femoral head, select the corresponding hole site of third regulation hole (25) to insert in third guide pin (7) to the femoral head, first guide pin (5), second guide pin (6) and third guide pin (7) are isosceles right triangle and arrange on outer guide (2).

3. The screw guide for the open reduction of femoral neck fracture according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixing portion (11) has a fixing groove (15) formed on one surface thereof to fit the trochanter midline, the fixing groove (15) is vertically arranged with the first positioning groove (111) and the second positioning groove (112), and the fixing portion (11) is fastened to the trochanter midline of the femoral neck through the fixing groove (15).

4. Screw guide for the open reduction of femoral neck fractures according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner guide (1) further comprises a fixing screw (13), the fixing portion (11) is provided with a fixing hole, and the fixing screw (13) passes through the fixing hole and is screwed into the bone.

5. The screw guide for the open reduction of femoral neck fractures according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner guide (1) further comprises an adjusting screw (14), a screw hole is formed on one side of the fixing portion (11) opposite to the fixing hole, the adjusting screw (14) is screwed into the screw hole of the fixing portion (11) and abuts against the surface of a bone, and the forward tilting directions of the first positioning pin (3) and the second positioning pin (4) are finely adjusted by screwing in and screwing out.

6. The screw guide for the open reduction of femoral neck fractures according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measuring device (12) further comprises an adjusting gear (124), the adjusting gear (124) is rotatably connected to the connecting portion (121), racks (125) are respectively arranged at one ends of the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) close to the connecting portion (121), the two racks (125) are parallelly meshed with two sides of the adjusting gear (124), and the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) are slidably arranged on the connecting portion (121).

7. The screw guide for femoral neck fracture open reduction according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a fourth guide pin (8), wherein the outer guide member (2) is provided with a fourth adjusting hole (26) above the first adjusting hole (23), the second adjusting hole (24) and the third adjusting hole (25), the fourth adjusting hole (26) comprises a plurality of holes, so that the fourth guide pin (8) can be percutaneously inserted into the fourth guide pin to be parallel to the first guide pin (5), the second guide pin (6) and the third guide pin (7) in the dimension of the forward inclination angle, and the middle point positions of the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123) can be pointed at the abduction angle.

8. Screw guide for the open reduction of femoral neck fractures according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first (3) and second (4) positioning pins are all schanz pins, and the first (5) and second (6) and third (7) guiding pins are all kranz pins.

9. A method of using a screw guide for open reduction of a femoral neck fracture as claimed in claim 1 comprising the steps of:

arranging an inner guide (1) close to a femoral neck in vivo, clamping a fixing part (11) on a trochanter interrotor line of the femoral neck, arranging a measurer (12) at the femoral neck to measure a width value (a) of the femoral neck, respectively passing a first positioning needle (3) and a second positioning needle (4) through a first positioning groove (111) and a second positioning groove (112) and inserting the positioning needles into a junction of the femoral neck and fixing the junction, respectively sleeving an outer guide (2) on the first positioning needle (3) and the second positioning needle (4) through a first positioning hole (21) and a second positioning hole (22) and positioning the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning, wherein in axial perspective of the femoral neck, an oblique line (M) is formed between the anterior side wall of the femoral neck and the trochanter interrotor line, after the trochanter interrotor line of the first positioning needle (3) is arranged, the directions of a first guide needle (5), a second guide needle (6) and a third guide needle (7) to be arranged are determined, the first positioning needle (3) is positioned at the middle point position of the first caliper (122) and the second caliper (123), the sum of the thickness of the upper cortex and the radius of the hollow screw to be implanted is calculated to be a first distance (b), the sum of the thickness of the lower cortex and the radius of the hollow screw to be implanted is calculated to be a second distance (c), the two boundary lines of the width value (a) of the femoral neck are respectively translated inwards by the first distance (b) and the first distance (c), and then the up-and-down distribution positions of the first guide needle (5) and the second guide needle (6) are obtained; calculating the thickness of the front cortex and the sum of the radiuses of the hollow screws to be implanted as a third distance (d), translating the oblique line (M) to the inner side by the third distance (d) to obtain the front and back distribution positions of the first guide pin (5) and the second guide pin (6), wherein two intersection points formed by two boundary lines of the width value (a) of the translated femoral neck and the translated oblique line (M) are respectively hole positions correspondingly selected by the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24), then respectively penetrating the first guide pin (5) and the second guide pin (6) through the hole positions correspondingly selected by the first adjusting hole (23) and the second adjusting hole (24) and inserting the first guide pin (5) and the second guide pin (6) into the femoral head, and calculating the adjusting hole position (25) correspondingly selected by the third guide pin (7) by taking the connecting line of the first guide pin (5) and the second guide pin (6) as the oblique edge, and (3) penetrating the third guide pin (7) through the corresponding hole position of the third adjusting hole (25) and inserting the third guide pin into the femoral head, and after the inner guide piece (1) and the outer guide piece (2) are removed, screwing the hollow screw along the first guide pin (5), the second guide pin (6) and the third guide pin (7) respectively.

10. A method of using a screw guide for open reduction of a femoral neck fracture as claimed in claim 2 comprising the steps of:

arranging an inner guide part (1) in a body close to a femoral neck, clamping a fixing part (11) on a trochanter intervallic line of the femoral neck, arranging a measurer (12) at the femoral neck, adjusting a first caliper (122) and a second caliper (123) to clamp the upper and lower poles of the femoral neck, respectively penetrating a first positioning needle (3) and a second positioning needle (4) through a first positioning groove (111) and a second positioning groove (112) and inserting the positioning needles into a femoral neck junction for fixing, and respectively sleeving an outer guide part (2) on the first positioning needle (3) and the second positioning needle (4) through a first positioning hole (21) and a second positioning hole (22) and locating the outer guide part at the outer side of the femoral neck to realize positioning;

the position of a second positioning needle (4) corresponds to a first adjusting hole (23) on the side edge, namely, the hole position corresponding to a first guide needle (5), the first guide needle (5) penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the first adjusting hole (23) and is inserted into the femoral head, then the hole position corresponding to the first guide needle (5) is symmetrical to a second adjusting hole (24) through a central connecting line of a third adjusting hole (25) and the first adjusting hole (21), so that the hole position corresponding to a second guide needle (6) is obtained, the second guide needle (6) penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the second adjusting hole (24) and is inserted into the femoral head, the hole position corresponding to the third guide needle (7) in the third adjusting hole (25) is obtained according to arrangement of an isosceles right triangle, the third guide needle (7) penetrates through the hole position corresponding to the third adjusting hole (25) and is inserted into the femoral head, after an inner guide (1) and an outer guide (2) are dismantled, the hole positions can be respectively inserted along the first guide needle (5), The second guide pin (6) and the third guide pin (7) are screwed into the hollow screw.

Images