CN114867349A - 残留杀孢子表面消毒剂 - Google Patents
残留杀孢子表面消毒剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供一种或多种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物。所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含包封的氧化性化学组成。或者，残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含非氧化性化学组成。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求美国专利商标局于2019年11月4日递交的美国临时专利申请第62/930,215号和2020年11月2日递交的美国专利申请第17/086,780号的优先权。其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种孢子消毒剂，更特别地涉及一种孢子残留消毒剂。
背景技术
根据Spaulding分类系统，细菌孢子为最难杀死或灭活的微生物形式。1950 年代开发的Spaulding分类系统定义了消毒(或灭菌)的最低水平。为解决孢子问题，使用杀孢子消毒剂来杀死或灭活这些难以处理的微生物以及坚硬无孔表面上的所有其他微生物。菌剂的孢子为已知的病原体，并且在几个世纪以来一直在传播疾病，最近甚至作为生物恐怖剂。一种值得关注的新病原体为以孢子形式存在于表面的艰难梭菌(Clostridium difficile)。艰难梭菌在表面上存在数月之久，并且已经证明经表面到人的传播途径传播。对于作为孢子存在的其他生物体也是如此，比如作为公共健康关注的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)物种。
目前对孢子的消毒，比如由艰难梭菌形成的孢子，在很大程度上依赖于氧化技术。这些技术在环境条件下通过与大气中的氧气反应而迅速降解。因此，在消毒后，表面可易于被来自环境、患者、医护人员、无症状携带者等的细菌孢子再次污染。
因此，需要为无生命表面提供持久保护的消毒剂，特别是当其涉及孢子时。需要解决方案来阻止孢子经表面驱动途径的传播链，从而提供当今市场上缺乏的整体公共健康益处。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物。残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含含有氧化性化学组成的包封剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物。残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含非氧化性化学组成。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种处理方法。处理方法包括将残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物施用于表面，其中残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含包封的氧化性化学组成。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种处理方法。处理方法包括将残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物施用于表面，其中残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含非氧化性化学组成。
本发明的进一步适用领域将从下文提供的详细描述中变得显而易见。应当理解，详细描述和具体实例尽管表明本发明的优选实施方案，但仅旨在用于说明的目的，并且不旨在限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明实施方案的描述本质上仅为示例性的，并且绝不旨在限制本发明、其应用或用途。出于提供本发明的使得可公开的目的，本文仅通过实例提供以下描述，但不限制本发明的范围或实质。
本发明涉及一种用于提供持久表面保护以防止菌剂孢子的的组合物和方法。因此，本发明提供一种具有残留杀孢子特性的表面消毒剂。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，本发明的组合物和方法使用用于杀孢子消毒的氧化性化学组成或技术的包封。这种氧化性化学组成的实例包括(但不限于)过氧乙酸、酸化过氧化氢、漂白剂、次氯酸及其组合。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，组合物和方法使用用于杀孢子消毒的非氧化性化学组成或技术。非氧化性化学组成的实例包括(但不限于)萌发剂、孢子衣壳穿透蛋白、孢子衣壳降解化学组成及与传统杀生物剂组合的前述化学物质的任一种。传统杀生物剂可选自用于杀孢子消毒的非氧化性化学组成，包括(但不限于)季铵化合物、金属氧化物、吡啶硫酮锌、吡啶硫酮钠、脂肪酸、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、山梨酸盐或其任何组合。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，组合物为杀孢子的而没有表面腐蚀性。
本发明的非氧化方法将降解孢子衣壳的方式与传统杀生物剂和/或包封的氧化技术相结合。
考虑到并且在本发明的范围内，本发明的这些方法可单独或组合使用。在某些情况下，可为最佳的是将本文描述的一种或多种方法组合在一起。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，提供一种方法，方法包括包封氧化性化学组成或技术以在活性化学组成和环境之间建立屏障。通过用包封剂形成胶囊屏障，胶囊屏障保护并防止氧化性化学组成与大气中的氧气发生反应，并因此使得能够延长在表面上的存活。
根据本发明，可应用多种释放机制。在一种这样的释放机制中，胶囊本身在大气条件下为可缓慢降解的，从而建立延时释放系统。随着胶囊缓慢溶解，胶囊会产生渗漏的孔隙，其使得活性物质稳定地释放到表面上。活性物质为如上所述的氧化性或非氧化性化学组成。
活性物质的连续释放提供表面上新孢子的持续灭活。
在另一种这样的释放机制中，产生一种胶囊，使得在向表面施加物理力时胶囊破裂。例如，当无症状携带者接触表面时，携带者会将孢子从其皮肤沉积到表面上，并伴随地使新沉积孢子附近的胶囊破裂。以这种方式，表面在需要保护的特定区域受到保护，而其他区域的活性物质保持休眠。
另外，可使用具有不同程度的厚度的胶囊混合物。不同程度的厚度提供持续的表面保护。例如，考虑到并且在本发明的范围内，一小部分胶囊会在第一次接触或遭遇时破裂，但另外的胶囊继续保持以对后续接触或遭遇提供另外的保护。
如本文讨论的，与相同微生物的营养形态相比较，微生物的孢子形式极难杀死。孢子衣壳保护微生物免受极端环境条件的影响，比如干燥、化学暴露、热和冷。破坏孢子衣壳以暴露核心或迫使萌发会极大地改变对消毒剂化学组成的敏感性。
例如，艰难梭菌孢子对季铵氯化物(一种常见的消毒剂化学组成)不敏感。然而，艰难梭菌的营养(活跃生长)细胞对典型的消毒剂化学组成比如季铵氯化物敏感。萌发化学组成一般地起效缓慢，并因此不优选用于立即消毒。然而，萌发化学组成特别适合于延长表面保护。另外，萌发化学组成不会固有地继续保持于表面上，并且本质上不是固有地杀生物的。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，这些化学组成中的一种或多种与结合系统和杀生物药剂一起配制。例如，如果受污染的医护人员接触表面并沉积孢子，则萌发化学组成将迫使孢子衣壳打开，而杀生物化学组成将杀死暴露的细胞。结合组分使得这能够发生在多次接触时。因此，萌发化学组成、杀生物药剂和结合组分中的一种或多种组合在一起可提供针对孢子的持久或残留的表面保护。
多种生物体的孢子衣壳为已知的。存在能够降解孢子外壳内特定蛋白的化合物，比如酶。蛋白的降解本质上导致孢子渗漏，使得化学组成能够进入孢子的内部部分。靶向孢子降解的化合物与杀生物化合物的组合可在迄今为止可用的传统氧化性化学组成之外建立一种立即灭活孢子的有效手段。
氧化性化学组成可通过导致表面的腐蚀和物理性质破坏而产生与表面的相容性问题。因此，可为优选的是杀孢子产品本质上为非氧化性的。本发明的配方使得能够将非氧化性杀孢子产品用于立即消毒。
除上述之外，孢子降解化合物可与杀生物组分一起结合于表面以提供持久保护。这可经成膜剂或经结合化学组成来实现。另外，大多数孢子降解化合物需要特定条件在其中保持活性。可将产生干燥缓冲系统的配方组分添加至配方中，以确保孢子降解化合物随着时间的推移保持活性。例如，受污染的设备可能会与表面接触，从而沉积孢子。表面将用非氧化性配方清洁，以杀死表面上的任何当前的孢子。结合化学组成用于将孢子降解化合物和杀生物化合物结合于表面，确保存在适合于孢子降解化合物活性的环境条件。当受污染的设备在清洁后碰到表面时，污染的孢子会被初始配方中保留的组分灭活。
表面消毒剂配方的应用可通过即用型喷雾瓶、从上方倾倒(pour top)、加仑瓶、浓缩液和其他分配器进行。另外，配方可经擦拭布、滚筒、泡沫或其他涂抹器施加于表面上。
因此，本领域的技术人员应易于理解，本发明具有广泛的实用性和应用性。除本文描述的那些以外，本发明的许多实施方案和改编以及许多变化、修改和等效布置，将由本发明及其前述描述显而易见或由本发明及其前述描述合理地提出，而不背离本发明的实质或范围。因此，尽管本发明已在本文中就其优选实施方案进行了详细描述，但是应当理解，本公开仅为本发明的说明性和示例性的，并且仅出于提供对本发明的完整且使得可公开的目的。前述公开不旨在或解释为限制本发明或以其他方式排除任何这种其他实施方案、改编、变化、修改和等效布置。
Claims (19)
1.一种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其包含：
含有氧化性化学组成的包封剂。
2.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述氧化性化学组成选自过氧乙酸、酸化过氧化氢、漂白剂、次氯酸及其组合。
3.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其进一步包含杀生物剂。
4.权利要求3的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述杀生物剂选自季铵化合物、金属氧化物、吡啶硫酮锌、吡啶硫酮钠、脂肪酸、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、山梨酸盐及其组合。
5.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其进一步包含结合组分。
6.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物具有杀孢子残留消毒剂特性。
7.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述组合物为杀孢子的而没有表面腐蚀性。
8.权利要求1的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物呈胶囊形式。
9.一种残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其包含：
非氧化性化学组成。
10.权利要求9的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述非氧化性化学组成选自萌发剂、孢子衣壳穿透蛋白、孢子衣壳降解化学组成及其组合。
11.权利要求9的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其进一步包含杀生物剂。
12.权利要求11的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述杀生物剂选自季铵化合物、金属氧化物、吡啶硫酮锌、吡啶硫酮钠、脂肪酸、苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、山梨酸盐及其组合。
13.权利要求9的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其进一步包含结合组分。
14.权利要求9的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物具有杀孢子残留消毒剂特性。
15.权利要求9的残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物，其中所述组合物为杀孢子的而没有表面腐蚀性。
16.一种处理方法，其包括：
将残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物施用于表面，其中所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含包封的氧化性化学组成。
17.权利要求16的方法，其中所述氧化性化学组成选自过氧乙酸、酸化过氧化氢、漂白剂、次氯酸及其组合。
18.一种处理方法，其包括：
将残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物施用于表面，其中所述残留杀孢子消毒剂组合物包含非氧化性化学组成。
19.权利要求18 的方法，其中所述非氧化性化学组成选自萌发剂、孢子衣壳穿透蛋白、孢子衣壳降解化学组成及其组合。
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