CN114866478B - 1.5-layer blockchain, and operation method, device and readable storage medium thereof - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L47/00—Traffic control in data switching networks
- H04L47/10—Flow control; Congestion control
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- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/405—Establishing or using transaction specific rules
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Abstract
Provided are a 1.5-layer blockchain and an operating method, apparatus, and readable storage medium thereof. Wherein the 1.5 layer blockchain includes a main chain and a subchain; the application program can be selectively created and deployed in the sub-chain, transaction information generated by the appointed application program is acquired by the sub-chain, the transaction information is packaged into blocks, after the transaction information is packaged into the blocks, a new world state of the sub-chain is acquired by executing the transaction in the blocks, and the current world state of the sub-chain is updated according to the new world state; the main chain is used for monitoring transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contracts so as to enhance the security of the sub-chain; wherein rules complied with in the sub-chain management are recorded in the anchor intelligent contract; the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain, so that the rapid cross-chain transaction is realized. The method reduces node overhead of the blockchain, improves the effect of the blockchain in large-scale application, and avoids the occurrence of network congestion.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The present application relates to the field of blockchain technologies, and in particular, to a 1.5-layer blockchain, and an operating method, apparatus and readable storage medium thereof.
[ background Art ]
In the related art, blockchains can be classified into two types, i.e., a layer 1 blockchain and a layer 2 blockchain, according to the architectural manner. For the layer 1 blockchain, although the throughput of the blockchain system can be improved by increasing the size of the block, carrying out encoding compression on transaction data, creating a payment channel under the chain, changing consensus and the like, the blockchain system does not support shunting of transactions of different applications, each node is required to store data related to all applications, each transaction in the network is required to be verified, namely, each transaction of each application is required to carry out whole network broadcasting, and each node is required to carry out confirmation, so that the effect in the large-scale application of the blockchain is poor, network congestion is easy to cause, and the problems of high commission and the like are caused. For a 2-layer blockchain, applications can be deployed on different two-layer networks, and the main chain of the 2-layer blockchain is not required to verify the transaction of each application and store data related to all applications, but the application transaction generated on the two-layer network can only be packaged through one sequencer and optional virtual machines, tokens and consensus are not supported, and meanwhile, the main chain and the two-layer network are isolated from each other, so that the cross-chain transaction is inconvenient to use, slow in speed, or complex in scheme and low in support degree of the application.
Accordingly, there is a need for an improvement in the structure of the above blockchain.
[ invention ]
The application provides a 1.5-layer blockchain, an operation method, equipment and a readable storage medium thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the blockchain in the related technology has poor effect in large-scale application and is easy to cause network congestion.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a first aspect of embodiments of the present application provides a 1.5-layer blockchain including a main chain and a sub chain;
the sub-chain is used for acquiring transaction information generated by a specified application program, packaging the transaction information into a block, acquiring a new world state of the sub-chain by executing the transaction in the block after packaging the transaction information into the block, and updating the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state;
the main chain is used for monitoring transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contracts; wherein rules to be followed in the sub-chain governance are recorded in the anchor intelligence contract.
A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a method of operating a 1.5-layer blockchain, applied to a 1.5-layer blockchain, the 1.5-layer blockchain including a main chain and a sub-chain;
the operation method of the 1.5-layer blockchain comprises the following steps:
the sub-chain acquires transaction information generated by a specified application program;
the sub-chain packages the transaction information into blocks;
the sub-chain obtains a new world state of the sub-chain by executing the transaction in the block, and updates the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state;
the main chain monitors transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contracts; wherein rules to be followed in the sub-chain governance are recorded in the anchor intelligence contract.
A third aspect of embodiments of the present application provides an electronic device, including a storage device and at least one processor; the storage device is configured to store at least one program, and when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of operating a layer 1.5 blockchain as described in the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
A fourth aspect of the embodiments provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that when executed perform the method of operating a layer 1.5 blockchain of the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
As can be seen from the above description, compared with the related art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
the 1.5-layer blockchain is formed by a main chain and a sub-chain, which is equivalent to dividing the whole blockchain, in practical application, an application program can be selectively created and deployed in the sub-chain, the sub-chain can firstly acquire transaction information generated by a designated application program, the acquired transaction information is packed into blocks, then the new world state of the sub-chain is obtained by executing the transactions in the blocks, and finally the current world state of the sub-chain is updated according to the new world state, in the process, the main chain can monitor the transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contracts, so that the security of the sub-chain is enhanced; wherein rules complied with in sub-chain governance are recorded in the anchor intelligence contract.
It can be understood that, since the sub-chains acquire transaction information generated by the designated application program, the sub-chains and the application program have a corresponding relationship, that is, when the sub-chains include more than one piece, the application program only runs on the designated sub-chains, the transaction related to the application program does not need all nodes (including the nodes of the main chain and the nodes of all sub-chains) in the blockchain to be executed, only the nodes of the corresponding sub-chains need to be executed, so that each sub-chain runs independently to a great extent, and the nodes can freely select the sub-chains and the number to be subscribed, thereby reducing the node cost of the blockchain, further improving the effect of the blockchain in large-scale application, and avoiding the occurrence of network congestion phenomenon. In addition, because different sub-chains can register on the main chain and the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain, the method and the device can well realize quick cross-chain transaction.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technology of the related art or the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following description will briefly introduce the drawings that are needed in the description of the related technology or the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layer 1.5 blockchain architecture provided in embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of operation of a layer 1.5 blockchain provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a block diagram of a computer readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent and comprehensible, the present application will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments of the present application and corresponding drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals indicate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. It should be understood that the following embodiments of the present application are described only for explaining the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, that is, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts based on the various embodiments of the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application. Furthermore, the technical features referred to in the embodiments of the present application described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.
A blockchain is a chain that is made up of a plurality of blocks. Each block stores certain information, the blocks are connected into chains according to the sequence of the time generated by the blocks, the chains are stored in all servers, and the whole blockchain is safe as long as one server in the whole blockchain system can work. These servers, referred to as nodes in the blockchain system, provide storage space and computational support for the entire blockchain system. If it is desired to modify information in a blockchain, then more than half of the nodes must be informed of their consent, while also modifying information in all nodes is also necessary, and tampering with information in a blockchain is an extremely difficult task since these nodes are typically held in different subject hands. Compared with the traditional network, the blockchain has two core characteristics, namely that the data is difficult to tamper, and the data is decentralised, and based on the two core characteristics, the information recorded by the blockchain is more real and reliable, so that the problem of mutual distrust can be effectively solved.
In the related art, blockchains can be classified into two types, i.e., a layer 1 blockchain and a layer 2 blockchain, according to the architectural manner. For the layer 1 blockchain, although the throughput of the blockchain system can be improved by increasing the size of the block, carrying out encoding compression on transaction data, creating a payment channel under the chain, changing consensus and the like, the blockchain system does not support shunting of transactions of different applications, each node is required to store data related to all applications, each transaction in the network is required to be verified, namely, each transaction of each application is required to carry out whole network broadcasting, and each node is required to carry out confirmation, so that the effect in the large-scale application of the blockchain is poor, network congestion is easy to cause, and the problems of high commission and the like are caused. For a 2-layer blockchain, applications can be deployed on different two-layer networks, and the main chain of the 2-layer blockchain is not required to verify the transaction of each application and store data related to all applications, but the application transaction generated on the two-layer network can only be packaged through one sequencer and optional virtual machines, tokens and consensus are not supported, and meanwhile, the main chain and the two-layer network are isolated from each other, so that the cross-chain transaction is inconvenient to use, slow in speed, or complex in scheme and low in support degree of the application. To this end, embodiments of the present application provide a blockchain, and to distinguish from existing layer 1 and layer 2 blockchains, embodiments of the present application may refer to the provided blockchain as a layer 1.5 blockchain. The following describes the 1.5-layer blockchain provided in the embodiment of the present application in a hierarchical manner, and then the 1.5-layer blockchain provided in the embodiment of the present application is summarized.
The 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiments of the present application includes a backbone, a subscribed application chain (subscribed application chains, SAC), and a multi-layer virtual P2P network (abbreviated VPP); the subscribed application program chain is simply referred to as an application sub-chain or sub-chain, and the architecture of the 1.5-layer blockchain can refer to fig. 1, and fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the 1.5-layer blockchain according to the embodiment of the present application. Firstly, an application program can be realized through an intelligent contract deployed on a 1.5-layer blockchain; secondly, different sub-chains can be established for different application programs through the 1.5-layer blockchain to execute the transaction of the corresponding application program; furthermore, the quick propagation among all nodes in the 1.5-layer blockchain can be performed through the VPP so as to reduce communication overhead, different sub-chains can be registered on the main chain, and meanwhile, the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain so as to realize the quick cross-chain transaction; finally, the main chain can carry out final confirmation on the transaction of the sub-chain so as to ensure the security of the transaction.
Under the architecture of a 1.5-layer blockchain, the embodiment of the application proposes and develops a subchain, and solves the problem of safety balance. Each sub-chain may have its own tokens, virtual machines and consensus, and may share VPP (abbreviated as master VPP) and state information of the main chain, i.e. the sub-chains and the main chain may communicate through the master VPP. All nodes running in the 1.5-layer blockchain can subscribe to one or more sub-chains interested by the nodes independently and participate in the processing of transactions on the subscribed sub-chains, so that different sub-chains can be mutually decoupled and independent when executing and confirming the transactions of corresponding applications. In addition, the unified underlying VPP, global state data structure provides higher security for all chains (i.e., main chain and all sub-chains), and cross-chain transactions (i.e., transactions between main chain and sub-chains, and transactions between sub-chains and sub-chains) can be issued and executed directly through the main chain, thereby enabling fast cross-chain transactions. Compared with the traditional 2-layer blockchain (such as Optimism/ZK and eth2-cosmos-polkadot, etc.), the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application can deploy and run the application program on a separate sub-chain, and in this way, the safety and the use performance of the traditional blockchain in supporting large-scale application are improved.
In the 1.5-layer blockchain provided in the embodiment of the present application, the main chain is the base chain where all the subchains are located, and includes a virtual machine (for processing all transactions on the main chain) compatible with the EVM (Embedded Virtual Machine ), and the main chain also determines the final state of all the subchains, which further improves the security of each subchain. Furthermore, each sub-chain processes only transactions related to the respective application, while cross-chain transactions between different sub-chains are processed by the backbone. At this time, the main chain and all the sub chains are integrated together to form a highly safe and expandable blockchain, namely the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application.
At layer 0 of the layer 1.5 blockchain, the embodiment of the application proposes and develops the adaptive VPP supporting different subchains, and the problem of safety balance among all nodes in the layer 1.5 blockchain is fully solved. The current simple algorithms of flooding and random walk can make the VPP quickly approach the extensible limit. Through VPP, the embodiment of the application provides and develops a more efficient P2P routing scheme on the basis of quick-P2P, and forms a virtual broadcast network for a main chain and all sub-chains respectively, so that quick connection among nodes in all sub-chains and quick forwarding of transactions can be supported; where each sub-chain has its own node (verified by the core team). In addition, the embodiment of the application also designs a network coding scheme with ultra-low complexity, which codes different transactions so as to realize better performance at a network layer; moreover, in forming the virtual network, embodiments of the present application also contemplate a multicast qic protocol to facilitate the formation of the virtual network and to improve network performance.
For the master VPP, the nodes of the backbone are used to broadcast transactions on the backbone while routing transactions between different sub-chains. Specifically, the nodes of the backbone store transactions on the backbone and transactions of their subscribed sub-chains in separate transaction pools, respectively, with transactions of different sub-chains being performed by respective corresponding virtual machine sets and forming blocks by respective consensus mechanisms. Each sub-chain can customize different virtual machines so as to support application programs with different requirements, thereby supporting complex application requirements at an application layer. Most of the traffic in the layer 1.5 blockchain is located between the validation nodes, forming two layers of VPPs between the validation nodes, and by the designed protocol, the validation nodes automatically discover and connect to their neighbors at the beginning of each epoch. In conducting block broadcasting and block consensus for different sub-chains, nodes may be divided into different verification sets to verify on the different sub-chains. If a node receives a new chunk header (i.e., a block of non-zone blocks) from a node of one validation set, it forwards this chunk header to a node of another validation set; if a node receives a duplicate block, it simply discards the duplicate block.
Assuming that there are N authentication nodes, we can construct the network structure as follows: dividing N nodes intoA plurality of verification sets, each verification set comprising a verification node; all nodes in each verification set are connected with each other; each node in the verification set has a corresponding index +.>All authentication sets are connected with each other through the respective ith node. Specifically, when n=16, the degree of each node is +.>In the synchronization process, each node tries to synchronize the pre-packed blocks with the peer node directly connected with the node, so long as one node is synchronized with all the neighboring nodes and has the same signature of the pre-packed block, then the node is the packer of the current block, and the node can fill the block head with the aggregate signature; as long as one node is synchronized with one pre-packed block, all other nodes cannot be synchronized with another pre-packed block. If multiple nodes are synchronized with the same pre-packed block, they can simply follow the longest chain rule without any adverse impact on the transaction.
In the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application, the client side of the main chain can conduct transaction and deployment of intelligent contracts like an Ethernet, and part of global states of all sub-chains are stored and maintained with corresponding state information on the main chain, and each application program can select to establish own sub-chain which is mutually independent in operation. In addition, large de-centralized applications may have their own tokens, subscriber nodes, and complex community administration rules, which may be contracted by anchor intelligence contracts.
The operation flow of the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application is as follows:
building a subchain: stakeholders first need to deploy an anchor intelligence contract (i.e., ERC 820) that meets predefined criteria and bind the anchor intelligence contract through a specific type of backbone transaction to build the sub-chain. Nodes interested in a child chain subscribe to that child chain by sending a backbone transaction to the anchor intelligence contract for the associated child chain on the backbone. The subscription starts synchronizing the link data of the sub-link after it is validated and the node starts collecting and forwarding all transaction data related to the sub-link. At the application layer, at least one node acts as a sequencer to collect transactions, assemble and execute blocks within a sub-chain.
Execution of the subchain: the nodes in the sub-chain are responsible for collecting transactions of the corresponding application and assembling them into blocks. The node that goes out of the block obtains the kth world state d by executing the transaction in the block k To update the global state (corresponding to the world state) locally in the sub-chain is called preliminary validation. The node that then goes out of the block sends a backbone transaction to the backbone to be based on d k The account status in the corresponding anchor intelligence contract is updated and the block of the sub-chain can be finalized only after the transaction is successfully packaged by the backbone.
Confirming the transaction: transaction validation includes two phases in the sub-chain, namely a preliminary validation in the sub-chain and a final validation in the backbone. The initial validation is fast with low delay, while the final validation provides a higher level of security on the backbone. Transactions of the sub-chain are routed through the master VPP, providing a high degree of network layer protection and robustness. Transactions of the sub-chain are processed by subscribing nodes of the sub-chain, the traffic burden on the main chain is relieved by a specially designed routing mechanism, and the overall effect is that the sub-chain is enabled to run independently to a great extent by a 1.5-layer block chain architecture design, and the sub-chain has comprehensive safety protection.
Rapidly transacting across chains: the backbone may change the account status of the sub-chains through backbone transactions. Thus, the account owner can change his account status directly in an anchor intelligence contract through a backbone transaction. The exchange of tokens between different sub-chains can be issued and executed directly on the main chain, and the update of the sub-chain world state can be performed in the sub-chains by monitoring the main chain event.
And (5) managing and upgrading: the management of the sub-chains is determined by the rules specified in the anchor intelligence contracts, ensuring that the sub-chains are free to choose the rules applicable to the respective application, the main chain ensuring that any transactions in the sub-chains must adhere to the predefined rules recorded in the anchor intelligence contracts, and if there is any dispute for the sub-chains, they can be submitted on the main chain and resolved by voting.
In the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application program chain, a subscribed application program chain (namely a sub-chain) is provided, and the sub-chain is provided with optional virtual machines, tokens and consensus, so that different application programs can be reasonably selected according to application scenes of the application programs. By deploying the sub-chains, the application can only run on the corresponding sub-chains, and the nodes interested in the application participate in the consensus of the transaction of the application by subscribing the corresponding sub-chains, so that the transaction related to the sub-chains does not need to be executed by each node of the whole network, and the node cost can be reduced. The transaction of the sub-chain is propagated through the VPP, and the traffic burden of the main chain is relieved by a specially designed routing mechanism, so that network congestion in large-scale application is avoided. The final states of all sub-chains are confirmed by the main chain, state information is stored in the anchor intelligent contracts of the main chain, the cross-chain transaction can be rapidly carried out, and the use is convenient.
In summary, embodiments of the present application provide a 1.5-layer blockchain, where the 1.5-layer blockchain includes a main chain and a sub-chain, which is equivalent to dividing the entire blockchain. Specifically, the sub-chain is used for acquiring transaction information generated by a specified application program, packaging the transaction information into blocks, acquiring a new world state of the sub-chain by executing transactions in the blocks after the transaction information is packaged into the blocks, and updating the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state; the main chain is used for monitoring transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contracts; wherein rules complied with in sub-chain governance are recorded in the anchor intelligence contract.
It can be understood that, since the sub-chains acquire transaction information generated by the designated application program, the sub-chains and the application program have a corresponding relationship, that is, when the sub-chains include more than one piece, the application program only runs on the designated sub-chains, the transaction related to the application program does not need all nodes (including the nodes of the main chain and the nodes of all sub-chains) in the blockchain to be executed, but only the nodes of the corresponding sub-chains to be executed, so that each sub-chain runs independently to a great extent, and the nodes can freely select the sub-chains and the number to be subscribed to, thereby reducing the node cost of the blockchain, further improving the effect of the blockchain in large-scale application, and avoiding the occurrence of network congestion phenomenon. In addition, because different sub-chains can register on the main chain and the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain, the embodiment of the application can well realize the rapid cross-chain transaction.
Further, the sub-chain is deployed with a sub-P2P network layer, and the sub-chain includes a plurality of sub-nodes. At this time, the sub-link may specifically be used to obtain the transaction information generated by the designated application program through at least one sub-node, package the transaction information into blocks, after the transaction information is packaged into blocks, propagate and consensus the blocks among all other sub-nodes through the sub-P2P network layer, and after the consensus is successful, obtain the new world state of the sub-link by executing the transaction in the blocks, and update the current world state of the sub-link according to the new world state.
Further, the current global state of the sub-chain is also recorded in the anchor intelligent contract. At this time, the sub-link may be further configured to send the state change part to the main chain after updating the current world state of the sub-link according to the new world state; the main chain can also be used for updating the current global state of the sub-chain recorded in the anchor intelligent contract according to the state change part; wherein the state change portion indicates a difference between the new world state and the current world state of the sub-chain.
Further, the sub-chains may include a plurality of sub-chains, where the plurality of sub-chains are deployed with different applications, respectively, and the anchor intelligence contracts stored in the main chain also need to include a plurality of sub-chains, where the plurality of anchor intelligence contracts correspond to the different sub-chains, respectively. Moreover, different sub-chains can be registered on the main chain, and the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain, so that the rapid cross-chain transaction is realized; the cross-chain transaction is a transaction between a main chain and a sub-chain, and a transaction between at least two sub-chains.
Further, the backbone includes a plurality of master nodes. Specifically, the master node is used for sending a main chain transaction to a target anchor intelligent contract stored in the main chain to subscribe to a target sub-chain, synchronizing chain data with the target sub-chain after successful subscription, and participating in consensus of the target sub-chain; wherein the target anchor intelligence contract corresponds to the target sub-chain, and the chain data includes transaction information within all blocks of the target sub-chain.
Further, the backbone is deployed with a primary P2P network layer. At this time, the master node may be further configured to propagate, after performing chain data synchronization with the target sub-chain, the chain data to all other master nodes subscribed to the target sub-chain through the sub-P2P network layer corresponding to the target sub-chain.
Further, the multiple sub-chains may have different virtual machines, tokens, and consensus mechanisms, respectively, and the virtual machines, tokens, and consensus mechanisms of any sub-chain are adapted to the corresponding application program, in particular, to the application scenario of the corresponding application program.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of a 1.5-layer blockchain according to an embodiment of the present application. The embodiment of the application also provides a 1.5-layer blockchain operation method, which is applied to the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the application, and the 1.5-layer blockchain operation method comprises the following steps 201 to 204.
Step 201, the sub-chain acquires transaction information generated by a specified application program.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the layer 1.5 blockchain is operated, transaction information generated by a specific application program needs to be acquired through a sub-chain.
Step 202, the sub-chain packages the transaction information into blocks.
In this embodiment of the present application, after transaction information generated by a specific application program is obtained through a sub-chain, the obtained transaction information needs to be packaged into blocks through the sub-chain.
Step 203, the sub-chain obtains the new world state of the sub-chain by executing the transaction in the block, and updates the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state.
In this embodiment of the present application, after the obtained transaction information is packaged into the blocks by the sub-links, the transactions in the blocks need to be performed by the sub-links to obtain the new world state of the sub-links, and the current world state of the sub-links is updated according to the new world state.
Step 204, the main chain monitors the transactions on the sub-chain according to the stored anchor intelligence contracts.
In the embodiment of the application, after the current world state of the sub-link is updated, the transaction on the sub-link is required to be monitored through the main chain according to the stored anchor intelligent contract; wherein rules complied with in sub-chain governance are recorded in the anchor intelligence contract.
In the method for operating the 1.5-layer blockchain provided by the embodiment of the invention, since the subchains acquire the transaction information generated by the appointed application program, the subchains and the application program have a corresponding relation, namely when the subchains comprise more than one piece, the application program only runs on the appointed subchains, the transaction related to the application program does not need all nodes (including the nodes of the main chain and the nodes of all subchains) in the blockchain to be executed, but only the nodes of the corresponding subchains to be executed, so that each subchain can run independently to a great extent, and the nodes can freely select the subchains to be subscribed and the quantity, thereby reducing the node cost of the blockchain, further improving the effect of the blockchain in large-scale application and avoiding the occurrence of network congestion phenomenon. In addition, because different sub-chains can register on the main chain and the cross-chain transaction can be directly issued and executed through the main chain, the embodiment of the application can well realize the rapid cross-chain transaction.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device 300, including a storage device 310 and at least one processor 320; the storage device 310 is configured to store at least one program, and when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor 320, cause the at least one processor 320 to perform the method for operating a layer 1.5 blockchain provided in the embodiments of the present application.
In some embodiments, the electronic device 300 may also include a bus 330 for communication connection between the storage 310 and the at least one processor 320.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a block diagram of a computer readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
As shown in fig. 4, the embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium 400, where the computer readable storage medium 400 stores executable instructions 410, and when the executable instructions 410 are executed, the method for operating the layer 1.5 blockchain provided in the embodiment of the present application is performed.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software modules may be disposed in Random Access Memory (RAM), memory, read Only Memory (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the present application are produced in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center by a wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line), or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.). Computer readable storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer or data storage devices, such as servers, data centers, etc., that contain an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy Disk, hard Disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid State Disk), etc.
It should be noted that, in the present application, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all referred to each other. For product class embodiments, the description is relatively simple as it is similar to method class embodiments, as relevant points are found in the partial description of method class embodiments.
It should also be noted that in the present application, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (6)
1. A 1.5 layer blockchain comprising a main chain and a sub chain;
the sub-chain is deployed with a sub-virtual P2P network layer, and comprises a plurality of sub-nodes; the sub-chain is specifically configured to acquire transaction information generated by a specified application program through at least one of the sub-nodes, package the transaction information into a block, after the transaction information is packaged into the block, propagate and consensus the block among all other sub-nodes of the sub-chain through the sub-virtual P2P network layer, and after the consensus is successful, acquire a new world state of the sub-chain by executing a transaction in the block, and update a current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state; the backbone comprises a plurality of master nodes;
the main node is used for sending main chain transaction to a target anchor intelligent contract stored in the main chain to subscribe a target sub-chain, synchronizing chain data with the target sub-chain after successful subscription, and participating in consensus of the target sub-chain; the target anchor intelligent contract corresponds to the target sub-chain, and the chain data comprises transaction information in all blocks of the target sub-chain;
the main chain is provided with a main virtual P2P network layer, and the sub-chains are communicated with the main chain through the main virtual P2P network layer;
the main node is further configured to propagate, after performing chain data synchronization with the target sub-chain, the chain data to all other main nodes subscribed to the target sub-chain through a sub-virtual P2P network layer corresponding to the target sub-chain;
wherein the backbone is configured to monitor transactions on the sub-chains according to the stored anchor intelligence contracts; rules observed during the sub-chain management are recorded in the anchor intelligent contract; the anchor intelligent contract also records the current global state of the sub-chain;
the sub-chain is further used for sending a world state change part to the main chain after updating the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state;
the main chain is also used for updating the current global state of the sub-chain recorded in the anchor intelligent contract according to the world state changing part;
the sub-chains comprise a plurality of sub-chains, and the plurality of sub-chains are respectively deployed with different application programs; the anchor intelligence contracts stored by the main chain comprise a plurality of anchor intelligence contracts which respectively correspond to different sub-chains;
the child nodes comprise verification nodes, two layers of sub-virtual P2P network layers are formed between the verification nodes, the verification nodes are used for automatically finding and connecting to neighbor nodes of a sub-chain to which the child nodes belong through the anchor intelligent contracts, and when propagation and consensus of different sub-chains are carried out, the verification nodes are divided into different verification sets so as to verify on different sub-chains.
2. The layer 1.5 blockchain of claim 1, wherein different ones of the subchains are each registered on the backbone through which cross-chain transactions are issued and executed directly; wherein the cross-chain transaction is a transaction between the main chain and the sub-chains, and a transaction between at least two of the sub-chains.
3. The layer 1.5 blockchain of claim 2, wherein a plurality of the subchains each have a different virtual machine, token, and consensus mechanism, the virtual machine, token, and consensus mechanism of any of the subchains being compatible with the respective application.
4. A1.5 layer block chain operation method is applied to a 1.5 layer block chain, and is characterized in that,
the operation method of the 1.5-layer blockchain comprises the following steps:
the 1.5-layer blockchain comprises a main chain and a sub-chain, wherein the sub-chain is provided with a sub-virtual P2P network layer, and the sub-chain comprises a plurality of sub-nodes;
the sub-chain obtains transaction information generated by a designated application program through at least one sub-node;
after the sub-chain packages the transaction information into blocks, the blocks are propagated and consensus among all other sub-nodes of the sub-chain through the sub-virtual P2P network layer;
the sub-chain obtains a new world state of the sub-chain by executing the transaction in the block, and updates the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state;
the backbone comprises a plurality of master nodes;
the master node sends a main chain transaction to a target anchor intelligent contract stored by the main chain to subscribe a target sub-chain;
the main node performs chain data synchronization with the target sub-chain and participates in consensus of the target sub-chain;
wherein the target anchor intelligence contract corresponds to the target sub-chain, the chain data including transaction information within all blocks of the target sub-chain;
the main chain is deployed with a main virtual P2P network layer; the sub-chains and the main chain are communicated through the main virtual P2P network layer;
the main node propagates the chain data to all other main nodes subscribing the target sub-chain through a sub-virtual P2P network layer corresponding to the target sub-chain;
wherein the backbone monitors transactions on the sub-chains according to the stored anchor intelligence contracts; rules observed during the sub-chain management are recorded in the anchor intelligent contract; the anchor intelligent contract also records the current global state of the sub-chain;
the sub-chain updates the current world state of the sub-chain according to the new world state and then sends a world state change part to the main chain;
the main chain updates the current global state of the sub-chain recorded in the anchor intelligent contract according to the world state changing part;
the sub-chains comprise a plurality of sub-chains, and the plurality of sub-chains are respectively deployed with different application programs; the anchor intelligence contracts stored by the main chain comprise a plurality of anchor intelligence contracts which respectively correspond to different sub-chains;
the child nodes comprise verification nodes, and two child virtual P2P network layers are formed between the verification nodes;
the verification nodes are automatically discovered and connected to neighbor nodes of the sub-chains to which the verification nodes belong through the anchor intelligent contracts, and the verification nodes are divided into different verification sets when propagation and consensus of different sub-chains are carried out so as to verify on the different sub-chains.
5. An electronic device comprising a memory device and at least one processor; the storage device is configured to store at least one program and, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform the method of claim 4.
6. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that when executed perform the method of claim 4.
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